SSC CGL Tier 1 2019 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

Terminology refers to the set of specialized terms or the technical vocabulary used within a particular field of study, profession, or subject. While the other three options represent specific scientific disciplines or branches of knowledge—Cardiology (the study of the heart), Pedology (the study of soil), and Seismology (the study of earthquakes)—terminology is a linguistic tool applicable to all such fields rather than being a distinct branch of science itself.

Explanation

To find the total number of times the digit 7 is written between 1 and 99, we calculate its occurrences in the units and tens positions independently. In the units place, 7 appears in the numbers 7, 17, 27, 37, 47, 57, 67, 77, 87, and 97, which totals 10 occurrences. In the tens place, 7 appears in the sequence 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, and 79, which totals another 10 occurrences. Summing these gives 10 + 10 = 20. The number 77 is counted once in the units place count and once in the tens place count, which accurately reflects that the digit is written twice in that specific number.

Alternatively, using the mathematical property for the frequency of a digit in a range, the frequency of any digit from 1 to 9 in the range from 1 to 10ⁿ-1 is given by the formula n × 10ⁿ⁻¹. For the range up to 99, where n = 2, the calculation is 2 × 10²⁻¹ = 2 × 10 = 20.

Explanation

The number of small cubes with only one face painted in a large cube divided into n³ smaller cubes is calculated using the formula 6(n - 2)². These cubes are located at the center of each of the six faces of the large cube. Given that the large cube is cut into 27 small cubes, we find the value of n by taking the cube root of 27, which is n = ³√(27) = 3. Substituting this value into the formula, we have 6(3 - 2)² = 6(1)² = 6. Each of the six faces of the large cube contributes exactly one small cube that has only its outer surface colored pink.

Explanation

The words are arranged in an ascending order based on their geographical size and administrative hierarchy. Jaipur is the capital city located within the state of Rajasthan. Rajasthan is a constituent state situated in the northern part of the country, referred to as North India. North India is a major geographical region within the nation of India. India, in turn, is a country located on the continent of Asia. Therefore, the logical sequence from the smallest unit to the largest is Jaipur, Rajasthan, North India, India, and Asia.

Explanation

The relationship can be deciphered by breaking down the statement from the end. The phrase my husband refers to Veena's husband. The wife of my husband is Veena herself. Moving one step further, the son of the wife of my husband is the son of Veena. Finally, the sister of the son of Veena is Veena's daughter. Since Kavi is identified as this sister, she is the daughter of Veena. Consequently, Veena is the mother of Kavi.

Explanation

The series is completed by sequentially placing the letters a, d, a, b, e, and d from the chosen option into the empty gaps. When the resulting sequence is divided into groups of four letters, it forms the blocks acdb, dacb, cdba, and edbd, followed by a trailing a. The first three blocks are permutations of the set of letters {a, b, c, d}, showing a rhythmic rearrangement of these four characters in each group. In the fourth block, the letter e is introduced, which follows the natural alphabetical progression from the previous set. This pattern of utilizing a consistent character set for several iterations before evolving the set is the logical basis for the sequence. Filling the gaps according to option d results in a structured and repetitive flow that defines the series.

Explanation

The numbers 123, 789, and 567 are composed of three consecutive digits arranged in increasing order. In the number 457, this pattern is broken because the digit 6 is skipped between 5 and 7. Furthermore, 123, 789, and 567 are all divisible by 3 because the sum of their digits (1+2+3=6, 7+8+9=24, and 5+6+7=18) results in a multiple of 3. The sum of the digits in 457 is 4+5+7=16, which is not divisible by 3.

Explanation

The letter-clusters follow a specific positional pattern where the third letter is the immediate predecessor of the first letter (L₁ - 1 = L₃) and the fourth letter is the immediate predecessor of the second letter (L₂ - 1 = L₄). Additionally, there is a constant difference of 13 between the first and second letters (L₁ + 13 = L₂) and the third and fourth letters (L₃ + 13 = L₄). The cluster GESO deviates from this logic entirely. For the first letter G (7), the third letter should be F (6) and the second letter should be T (20). Because GESO does not adhere to these numerical relationships in the alphabetical sequence, it is the different cluster.

Explanation

The relationship between the letter-clusters is established by an alternating pattern of +2 and -2 applied to the alphabetical positions of each letter. For the first pair DKFM : FIHK, the first letter D (4) increases by 2 to become F (6), the second letter K (11) decreases by 2 to become I (9), the third letter F (6) increases by 2 to become H (8), and the fourth letter M (13) decreases by 2 to become K (11).

Following the same logic for BLGP, the first letter B (2) increases by 2 to result in D (4). The second letter L (12) decreases by 2 to result in J (10). The third letter G (7) increases by 2 to result in I (9). The fourth letter P (16) decreases by 2 to result in N (14). Combining these characters yields the cluster DJIN.

Explanation

P is the father of Q, and Q is the sister of R, which means P is the father of both Q and R. Since R is the son of S, S must be the mother of R and the wife of P. T is given as the brother of P. Since S is the wife of P, she is the sister-in-law of P's brother, T.

Explanation

The word pairs follow the relationship of Country : Currency. The Taka is the official currency of Bangladesh, the Ruble is the currency of Russia, and the Ringgit is the currency of Malaysia. However, the currency of South Korea is the South Korean Won. The Rupiya (or Rupee) is the currency used in countries such as India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Consequently, this pair is the odd one out as it incorrectly associates South Korea with the Rupiya.

Explanation

The relationship follows the pattern where the second number is the square of the first number incremented by one. Mathematically, if the first number is n, the second number is (n + 1)².

For the first pair, 19:400: (19 + 1)² = 20² = 400

Applying the same logic to the third number 24: (24 + 1)² = 25² = 625

Explanation

The relationship in the given pair is that the first word is a physical facial expression used to convey the emotion or state of mind represented by the second word. A frown is the external sign of displeasure. Similarly, a smile is the external facial expression that signifies the state of ecstasy or intense joy. Both pairs follow the specific logic of Expression : Emotion.

Explanation

The relationship between the terms follows the linear equation y = (x - 3)/(2), where x is the first term and y is the second term.

For the first pair 29:13: (29 - 3)/(2) = ²⁶⁄₂ = 13

Applying the same mathematical logic to the third term 37: (37 - 3)/(2) = ³⁴⁄₂ = 17

Explanation

The numbers in the set (9, 15, 27) follow the ratio 3:5:9. This relationship is established by dividing each number by their greatest common divisor, 3, such that 9 = 3 × 3, 15 = 3 × 5, and 27 = 3 × 9. The set (12, 20, 36) follows this identical logic with a common multiplier of 4, as 12 = 4 × 3, 20 = 4 × 5, and 36 = 4 × 9.

Additionally, the sets share a consistent pattern in the differences between their consecutive terms. In the original set (9, 15, 27), the difference between the first two terms is 15 - 9 = 6, and the difference between the last two terms is 27 - 15 = 12. The second difference is exactly double the first (12 = 2 × 6). In the set (12, 20, 36), the first difference is 20 - 12 = 8 and the second difference is 36 - 20 = 16. This set maintains the property where the second difference is double the first (16 = 2 × 8).

Explanation

The coding pattern follows an incremental addition to the alphabetical position of each letter based on its rank in the word. For the word FRIDGE, the transformations are F + 1 = G, R + 2 = T, I + 3 = L, D + 4 = H, G + 5 = L, and E + 6 = K.

Applying the same logic to KETTLE: The first letter K (11) is shifted by +1 to get L (12). The second letter E (5) is shifted by +2 to get G (7). The third letter T (20) is shifted by +3 to get W (23). The fourth letter T (20) is shifted by +4 to get X (24). The fifth letter L (12) is shifted by +5 to get Q (17). The sixth letter E (5) is shifted by +6 to get K (11).

Following this sequence, KETTLE is coded as LGWXQK.

Explanation

The pattern followed in the letter-clusters is based on the numerical positions of the letters in the English alphabet. In the clusters TUWZ, MNPS, and DEGJ, the consecutive letters are separated by increments of +1, +2, and +3 respectively.

For TUWZ: T(20) +1 U(21) +2 W(23) +3 Z(26). For MNPS: M(13) +1 N(14) +2 P(16) +3 S(19). For DEGJ: D(4) +1 E(5) +2 G(7) +3 J(10).

In the case of PQTX, the positional values are P(16), Q(17), T(20), and X(24). The differences between consecutive letters are P(16) +1 Q(17) +3 T(20) +4 X(24). Because the sequence of increments is +1, +3, +4 instead of +1, +2, +3, this cluster does not follow the rule shared by the other three.

Explanation

To solve the expression 54 × 6 - 7 ÷ 8 + 2, the symbols must be substituted according to the given logic. The operation × is replaced by division, - is replaced by multiplication, ÷ is replaced by addition, and + is replaced by subtraction.

Substituting these operations into the original equation yields: 54 ÷ 6 × 7 + 8 - 2

Following the BODMAS rule, the operations are performed in the order of division, multiplication, addition, and finally subtraction:

First, perform the division: 54 ÷ 6 = 9 The expression becomes: 9 × 7 + 8 - 2

Next, perform the multiplication: 9 × 7 = 63 The expression becomes: 63 + 8 - 2

Then, perform the addition: 63 + 8 = 71 The expression becomes: 71 - 2

Finally, perform the subtraction: 71 - 2 = 69

Explanation

The series contains a total of 18 positions including the gaps. The pattern is determined by dividing these 18 positions into three equal groups of six letters each. By placing the letters a, c, d, c, and b into the gaps sequentially, the series completes as cbadbc cbadbc cbadbc. This reveals a repeating cycle of the six-letter block c-b-a-d-b-c throughout the entire sequence.

Explanation

Benevolence, courtesy, and indulgence are all words that describe positive human qualities or actions associated with kindness, politeness, and generosity. In contrast, hindrance refers to an obstruction, obstacle, or something that provides resistance or delay, which is a negative concept and functionally the opposite of the supportive nature of the other three terms.

Explanation

The logical sequence follows the chronological stages of an individual's career development. The process begins with attending School (5) to obtain an Education (3). Upon completing their studies, the individual participates in a Recruitment (2) process conducted by an organization. Successful recruitment leads to formal Employment (6). Once employed, the individual earns a Salary (1) as compensation for their work. Finally, after gaining experience and demonstrating merit, they receive a Promotion (4) to a higher position.

Explanation

To solve the equation 15 - 9 ÷ 6 × 10 + 5 = 25, we interchange the plus (+) and minus (-) signs. Following the BODMAS rule, we perform operations in the order of Division, Multiplication, Addition, and then Subtraction.

The modified equation is 15 + 9 ÷ 6 × 10 - 5 = 25.

First, perform the division: 9 ÷ 6 = 1.5

Next, perform the multiplication: 1.5 × 10 = 15

Now, substitute these back into the equation: 15 + 15 - 5

Perform the addition and subtraction: 30 - 5 = 25

The calculation yields 25, which satisfies the right-hand side of the equation.

Explanation

The coding pattern involves a specific permutation of the positions of the letters in the word. By assigning a numerical position to each letter in SUNDAY, where S=1, U=2, N=3, D=4, A=5, and Y=6, we see that the coded word DNUAYS corresponds to the sequence 4-3-2-5-6-1. In this arrangement, the fourth letter D moves to the first position, the third letter N moves to the second, the second letter U moves to the third, the fifth letter A moves to the fourth, the sixth letter Y moves to the fifth, and the first letter S moves to the final sixth position.

Applying this 4-3-2-5-6-1 sequence to the word MOTHER, where M=1, O=2, T=3, H=4, E=5, and R=6, we determine the code by picking the letters in that specific order. The fourth letter H is placed first, followed by the third letter T, the second letter O, the fifth letter E, the sixth letter R, and finally the first letter M. Arranging these letters according to the pattern results in the coded word HTOERM.

Explanation

The first statement establishes an intersection between the set of mobiles and the set of instruments. The second statement asserts that the set of instruments is a subset of the set of heavy items. Since some mobiles are instruments and every instrument is a heavy item, the specific mobiles that are instruments must also be heavy items, making conclusion I logically certain. Conclusion III is derived from the second statement through the rule of conversion in categorical syllogism; if the entire set of instruments is contained within the set of heavy items, then there must exist some heavy items that are instruments. Thus, both conclusions I and III necessarily follow from the given premises.

Explanation

The coding logic involves dividing the word into four pairs of letters and then rearranging those pairs after reversing each one. The word COMPUTER is split into pairs: (CO), (MP), (UT), and (ER). Each pair is reversed to become (OC), (PM), (TU), and (RE). These reversed units are then rearranged in the specific sequence of the first pair, followed by the fourth pair, then the second pair, and finally the third pair. This results in the sequence (OC) (RE) (PM) (TU), which forms the code OCREPMTU.

Applying this pattern to the word DAUGHTER, the letters are divided into the pairs (DA), (UG), (HT), and (ER). Reversing each pair results in (AD), (GU), (TH), and (RE). Following the rearrangement order of first, fourth, second, and third pairs, we place them as (AD) (RE) (GU) (TH). Concatenating these segments results in the coded form ADREGUTH.

Explanation

The numbers in the set (8, 12, 24) follow a specific proportional relationship. The second number is obtained by multiplying the first number by 1.5, and the third number is obtained by multiplying the second number by 2. This can be expressed as 8 × 1.5 = 12 and 12 × 2 = 24.

Applying the same mathematical logic to the set (6, 9, 18), the first number 6 multiplied by 1.5 results in 9, which is the second number. Subsequently, the second number 9 multiplied by 2 results in 18, which is the third number. The sequence of multipliers (1.5, 2) is identical in both sets. Alternatively, this relationship can be viewed as x : 1.5x : 3x, which holds true for both (8, 12, 24) and (6, 9, 18).

Explanation

The series follows a repeating pattern of two alternating three-letter segments, bac and dca, which together form the six-letter periodic unit bacdca. This unit repeats three times to cover the 18 positions in the series. By placing the letters from option d (d, a, c, b, d) into the gaps sequentially, the full sequence is revealed as bac / dca / bac / dca / bac / dca.

Specifically, the first gap is filled by d to complete the second block dca. The second gap is filled by a to complete the third block bac. The third gap is filled by c to complete the fourth block dca. The fourth gap is filled by b to complete the fifth block bac, and the final gap is filled by d to complete the sixth block dca. This substitution creates a perfectly consistent rhythmic pattern across the entire string.

Explanation

To make the equation correct using the BODMAS rule, we interchange the signs + and -. The original equation is 10 + 5 ÷ 10 × 8 - 10 = 16. After interchanging the signs, the equation becomes:

10 - 5 ÷ 10 × 8 + 10 = 16

Applying the division operation first: 10 - 0.5 × 8 + 10 = 16

Next, performing the multiplication: 10 - 4 + 10 = 16

Finally, performing the addition and subtraction from left to right: 6 + 10 = 16 16 = 16

The left-hand side equals the right-hand side, confirming that interchanging the addition and subtraction signs satisfies the equation.

Explanation

B's father has two children, a son and a daughter. Since C is the sister of B, C is the daughter and B is the son. C is the aunt of A, and A is the son of F. For C to be the aunt of A, A's father must be C's brother. Given that B is the only brother of C, B must be the father of A. Since A is the son of F and B is the father of A, F must be the wife of B. As the wife of C's brother, F is the sister-in-law of C. This relationship is consistent with E being the niece of F, as E is the daughter of F's sister-in-law C.

Explanation

The logical sequence follows the chronological stages of an individual's academic and professional life. The process begins when an individual becomes a Student (1) to receive Education (4). After completing the required course of study, the student earns a Degree (6). This qualification allows the individual to apply for employment and attend an Interview (3). Successfully passing the interview leads to securing a Job (2). Finally, after completing the years of service in their career, the individual reaches the stage of Retirement (5).

Explanation

To find the ratio in the final mixture when equal volumes are combined, we first equate the total parts of both mixtures. Mixture 1 has a milk to juice ratio of 2:1, totaling 3 parts. Mixture 2 has a ratio of 4:5, totaling 9 parts. The Least Common Multiple (LCM) of 3 and 9 is 9. To make the volumes equal, we scale Mixture 1 by a factor of 3 (9 ÷ 3 = 3). This gives Mixture 1 a new distribution of 2 × 3 = 6 units of milk and 1 × 3 = 3 units of juice. Mixture 2 already consists of 9 units, containing 4 units of milk and 5 units of juice. Adding the corresponding components, the total milk is 6 + 4 = 10 units and the total juice is 3 + 5 = 8 units. The final ratio of milk to juice is 10:8, which simplifies to 5:4.

Explanation

The letter-cluster FGHJ follows an alphabetical position pattern of +1, +1, and +2. By assigning numerical values to the letters based on their order in the alphabet, the sequence is F(6), G(7), H(8), and J(10), where 6+1=7, 7+1=8, and 8+2=10. This logic differs from the pattern shared by the rest of the group, which follows a sequence of -1, +2, and +1. In those clusters, the first letter moves one step backward to the second, the second moves two steps forward to the third, and the third moves one step forward to the fourth. FGHJ is the only cluster that follows a strictly ascending alphabetical order.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in the given pair is defined by the formula y = (x+1)²{2}, where x represents the first number and y represents the second number. In the pair 7:32, substituting x = 7 into the formula gives (7+1)²{2} = 8²{2} = ⁶⁴⁄₂ = 32.

Similarly, for the pair 13:98, substituting x = 13 into the formula yields (13+1)²{2} = 14²{2} = ¹⁹⁶⁄₂ = 98. This mathematical logic consistently identifies the relationship between the first and second numbers.

Explanation

The numbers in the given set (5, 13, 12) form a Pythagorean triplet, as they satisfy the equation a² + b² = c² for a right-angled triangle. Calculating the squares of the two smaller numbers and adding them gives 5² + 12² = 25 + 144 = 169, which is exactly 13². The set (6, 10, 8) follows the same mathematical relationship, where the sum of the squares of the two smaller numbers equals the square of the largest number: 6² + 8² = 36 + 64 = 100, which is 10². This confirms that the pattern is based on the Pythagorean theorem.

Explanation

The relationship between the letter-clusters is established by alternating subtraction and addition of one position in the alphabetical sequence. For the first pair, the transformation is M - 1 = L, N + 1 = O, O - 1 = N, and P + 1 = Q. Following this same -1, +1, -1, +1 pattern for the cluster FGHI, the first letter F - 1 gives E, the second letter G + 1 gives H, the third letter H - 1 gives G, and the fourth letter I + 1 gives J. Using this logic, the resulting letter-cluster is EHGJ.

Explanation

The coding logic is based on the product of the numerical positions of the letters in the English alphabet. For the word CAB, the positions are C = 3, A = 1, and B = 2, and their product is 3 × 1 × 2 = 6. For the word BED, the positions are B = 2, E = 5, and D = 4, resulting in a product of 2 × 5 × 4 = 40. Following this same pattern for the word HAD, where the positions are H = 8, A = 1, and D = 4, the code is calculated as 8 × 1 × 4 = 32.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where terms are obtained by alternately subtracting a natural number and then its square, starting with the number 3.

The sequence of subtractions is as follows: 98 - 3 = 95 95 - 3² = 95 - 9 = 86 86 - 4 = 82 82 - 4² = 82 - 16 = 66

Following this logic, the next step involves subtracting the next natural number, which is 5: 66 - 5 = 61

To confirm the validity of this pattern, the subsequent term is calculated by subtracting the square of 5 from 61: 61 - 5² = 61 - 25 = 36

The result matches the final number in the series, confirming that 61 is the missing value.

Explanation

The relationship in this analogy is based on a place of assembly and the collective noun used for the group of people gathered there for its primary purpose. Just as a group of people who gather at a cinema to watch a film is collectively called the audience, a group of people who assemble in a church for religious worship or a service is specifically referred to as the congregation.

Explanation

The relationship between the words Apathy and Enthusiasm is one of antonyms. Apathy represents a complete lack of interest, emotion, or concern, while Enthusiasm represents intense eagerness and active interest. Similarly, Condemnation and Reverence are antonymous terms. Condemnation refers to the expression of very strong disapproval or censure. In contrast, Reverence is a feeling of deep respect, awe, or admiration for someone or something. Both pairs consist of words that represent diametrically opposed sentiments or attitudes.

Explanation

The Tapti is a major west-flowing river in Peninsular India that drains into the Arabian Sea. It originates in the Satpura Range near Multai in Madhya Pradesh and flows westward through a rift valley before emptying into the Gulf of Khambhat. Unlike the other rivers mentioned, which flow eastward across the Deccan Plateau to discharge into the Bay of Bengal and form large deltas, the Tapti flows in the opposite direction and forms an estuary at its mouth.

Explanation

The numbers in this set follow the mathematical pattern n³ + 1, where n is an integer. Specifically, 28 is 3³ + 1, 217 is 6³ + 1, and 65 is 4³ + 1. The number 338 is the different one because it cannot be expressed in this form, as the closest value in this sequence would be 7³ + 1 = 344.

Explanation

From the second statement, all birds are animals, it logically follows that some animals are birds because the set of birds is entirely contained within the set of animals. This validates conclusion II. Regarding the relationship between animals and crows, the first statement confirms that birds and crows are mutually exclusive sets. Since birds are a subset of animals, the bird-part of animals cannot be crows, but the statements provide no definitive information about the non-bird part of animals. Therefore, the set of animals and the set of crows might overlap or they might be completely separate. Conclusion I (Some animals are crows) and conclusion III (No animal is a crow) represent the only two possible states for the relationship between these two sets. Because they are contradictory and exhaustive, one of them must be true. Thus, conclusion II and either conclusion I or III follow.

Explanation

The family tree consists of two brothers, A and B, who form the two couples. F's mother H is married to B, and since B is the brother of A, H is A's sister-in-law. The father of E is married to G, and G is the aunt of F; this establishes that A is the father of E and G is A's wife. Since each couple has two children and E and D are cousin brothers, as are C and F, the children of B and H are F and D, while the children of A and G are E and C. A is the brother of B, who is the father of D. Therefore, A is the paternal uncle of D.

Explanation

The relationship established in the first pair is based on a functional deficit: dumbness is the condition of being unable to speak or the absence of speech. Similarly, amnesia is the medical condition characterized by the loss or impairment of memory. In both cases, the first word represents a state of deprivation or lack of the faculty described by the second word.

Explanation

The numbers in the set (15, 22, 31) follow a specific arithmetic pattern based on constant increments between consecutive terms. The difference between the second number and the first number is 22 - 15 = 7, while the difference between the third number and the second number is 31 - 22 = 9. Applying this same logic of adding 7 and then 9 to the set (7, 14, 23) yields 7 + 7 = 14 and 14 + 9 = 23, which matches the relationship established in the original set.

Explanation

The given letter series consists of 18 positions. By inserting the letters b, d, a, c, and b from option c into the gaps, the sequence becomes dcbabcdcbabcdcbabc. This string is formed by the continuous repetition of a specific six-letter pattern, dcbabc. When the series is divided into three equal segments of six letters each, it displays the consistent block (dcbabc) (dcbabc) (dcbabc). The placement of these letters at the third, seventh, tenth, fourteenth, and seventeenth positions completes the recurring cycle across the entire sequence.

Explanation

The relationship between the first pair of words is based on synonymy. Happy and Mirthful are synonyms that describe a state of joy, high spirits, or cheerfulness. To complete the second pair following the same logic, a synonym for Sad must be identified. Morose is defined as being sullen, gloomy, or ill-tempered, which directly corresponds to a state of sadness, making it the synonymous term for the word Sad.

Explanation

The letter-cluster ZOOM is the odd one out because it contains two vowels and a repeated letter. This distinguishes it from the other three clusters, which each contain only one vowel and consist of all distinct letters.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in the given pair 28:63 is based on the ratio 4:9. Dividing both numbers by their highest common factor, 7, yields: 28 / 7 = 4 63 / 7 = 9

In the pair 16:36, the same ratio is maintained. Dividing both numbers by their highest common factor, 4, yields: 16 / 4 = 4 36 / 4 = 9

Alternatively, the second number in both pairs is obtained by multiplying the first number by 2.25, since 28 × 2.25 = 63 and 16 × 2.25 = 36.

Explanation

Cucumber is culinarily classified and consumed as a vegetable, whereas the other items are categorized and eaten as sweet fruits. From a botanical growth perspective, the cucumber plant is a trailing or climbing vine belonging to the gourd family. In contrast, guava, pomegranate, and papaya grow on trees or large woody, tree-like plants. This distinction in culinary application and plant structure separates cucumber from the rest of the group.