SSC CGL Tier 1 2019 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

The coding pattern involves taking the sum of the numerical positions of each letter in the English alphabet (where A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26) and adding a constant value of 5 to the total.

For the word DIG, the alphabetical positions are D = 4, I = 9, and G = 7. The sum is 4 + 9 + 7 = 20. Adding the constant gives 20 + 5 = 25.

For the word CUT, the alphabetical positions are C = 3, U = 21, and T = 20. The sum is 3 + 21 + 20 = 44. Adding the constant gives 44 + 5 = 49.

Applying this logic to the word KICK, the alphabetical positions are K = 11, I = 9, C = 3, and K = 11. The sum is 11 + 9 + 3 + 11 = 34. Adding the constant 5 yields 34 + 5 = 39.

Explanation

The relationship in the given set (9, 35, 16) is based on the logic that the middle number is five times the sum of the square roots of the first and third numbers. Applying this formula:

(√9 + √(16)) × 5 = (3 + 4) × 5 = 7 × 5 = 35

Following the same logic for the set (36, 55, 25):

(√(36) + √(25)) × 5 = (6 + 5) × 5 = 11 × 5 = 55

The pattern holds true as the sum of the square roots of 36 and 25 is 11, and multiplying 11 by the constant 5 results in the middle number 55.

Explanation

The relationship in the given set (3, 24, 4) follows the logic that the middle number is twice the product of the first and third numbers. Using the formula 2 × (n₁ × n₃) = n₂, we substitute the values from the set: 2 × (3 × 4) = 2 × 12 = 24. Applying the same logic to the numbers in option d, which are (4, 72, 9), we find that 2 × (4 × 9) = 2 × 36 = 72.

Explanation

The letter-cluster PSUX is based on the alphabetical positions P = 16, S = 19, U = 21, and X = 24. The differences between the consecutive letters are 19 - 16 = 3, 21 - 19 = 2, and 24 - 21 = 3. This cluster is the odd one out because it follows a non-uniform increment pattern of +3, +2, +3, whereas the other clusters each follow a consistent arithmetic progression with a constant common difference between all consecutive letters.

Explanation

The number 254 is the only value among the four that is not divisible by 7. The other three numbers are all multiples of 7, as shown by the calculations 126 = 7 × 18, 189 = 7 × 27, and 217 = 7 × 31. When 254 is divided by 7, it yields a quotient of 36 and a remainder of 2, thus it does not share the common divisibility trait that defines the rest of the group.

Explanation

The family structure consists of two brothers, B and D, who form the two couples with their respective wives. Since F is the wife of B, and E is mentioned as an aunt, E is the wife of D. Each couple has two children. A and G are the children of B and F, while C and H are the children of D and E. This is confirmed by the fact that A and G are cousins to C and H. Because H is the son of D, and D is the brother of F's husband (B), H is the nephew of F.

Explanation

The logical sequence follows the chronological steps involved in preparing a meal. The process begins by going to the Market (3) where one selects the Vegetables (4). Once the selection is made, the next step is to Buy (1) them. After the purchase, the vegetables are taken home to Cook (5). The final outcome of this process is the preparation and consumption of Dinner (2). This order (3, 4, 1, 5, 2) represents a natural progression from the procurement of raw materials to the final meal.

Explanation

A lawyer is a professional who operates within the legal system to facilitate the delivery of justice. Similarly, an arbitrator is a neutral third party appointed to resolve a dispute outside of the formal court system, whose primary role is to bring the conflicting parties to a mutually agreed upon settlement.

Explanation

Groundnut is a Kharif crop, typically sown at the start of the monsoon season in June or July and harvested in the autumn. This differentiates it from the other three options, which are all Rabi crops sown in the winter season and harvested in the spring. Furthermore, groundnut is unique because its pods develop underground through a process called geocarpy, whereas the seeds and fruits of the other plants in the group grow above the soil.

Explanation

Conclusion II follows directly from the second statement, Some machines are costly items. In formal logic, a particular affirmative proposition (I-type) allows for a valid conversion where the subject and predicate are interchanged. Therefore, the statement Some machines are costly items logically necessitates that Some costly items are machines.

Conclusion I does not follow because the middle term, machines, is not distributed in either statement; it serves as the predicate of the universal affirmative statement All rulers are machines and the subject of the particular affirmative statement Some machines are costly items. Without a distributed middle term, no valid logical connection can be established between rulers and costly items. Conclusion III is invalid because a universal conclusion (All) cannot be inferred from a particular premise (Some).

Explanation

The relationship between the letter-clusters is determined by the shifting of positions in the English alphabetical order. By comparing the first and second letter-clusters, the following pattern is observed:

C (3) - 2 = A (1) E (5) + 2 = G (7) G (7) - 2 = E (5) I (9) + 2 = K (11)

The pattern for the transformation is -2, +2, -2, +2. Applying this same pattern to the third letter-cluster DFHJ:

D (4) - 2 = B (2) F (6) + 2 = H (8) H (8) - 2 = F (6) J (10) + 2 = L (12)

The resulting letters are B, H, F, and L. Alternatively, comparing the first and third clusters shows that DFHJ is a +1 shift of CEGI (C+1=D, E+1=F, etc.). Applying a +1 shift to the second cluster AGEK also yields the same letters: A+1=B, G+1=H, E+1=F, and K+1=L. These letters correspond to the cluster BHLF.

Explanation

The given series consists of 18 characters. By dividing the series into three equal groups of six letters each, we can identify a repeating pattern:

b _ b a b _ | b c _ a b b | b _ b a _ b

To find the pattern, we compare the corresponding positions in each group. In the second group, the second letter is c and the last two letters are b. In the first group, the fourth and fifth letters are a and b. By combining these observations, we identify the repeating sequence as bcbabb.

Filling the gaps with the letters from option c (c, b, b, c, b) results in:

(b c b a b b) (b c b a b b) (b c b a b b)

This sequence follows a consistent six-letter repeating cycle of bcbabb, which perfectly completes the series.

Explanation

The series follows the mathematical pattern Tₙ = (Tₙ₋₁ × 2) + k, where k starts at 1 and increases by 1 for each subsequent step in the sequence.

Applying this logic to the given terms: The second term is 3 × 2 + 1 = 7 The third term is 7 × 2 + 2 = 16 The fourth term is 16 × 2 + 3 = 35 The fifth term (the missing number) is 35 × 2 + 4 = 74

The pattern is confirmed by calculating the final term: 74 × 2 + 5 = 148 + 5 = 153. Therefore, the number that replaces the question mark is 74.

Explanation

The coding logic follows a split-and-transform pattern for a seven-letter word. The word is divided into three sections: the first three letters, the middle (fourth) letter, and the last three letters. The first three letters are reversed, the middle letter is replaced by the letter immediately preceding it in the alphabet (n - 1), and the last three letters are reversed.

In the example VICTORY: The first three letters V-I-C become C-I-V. The middle letter T minus one position results in S. The last three letters O-R-Y become Y-R-O. Combining these yields CIVSYRO.

Applying this logic to TRAITOR: The first three letters T-R-A when reversed become A-R-T. The middle letter I shifted one position back becomes H. The last three letters T-O-R when reversed become R-O-T. Combining these segments results in ARTHROT.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in the given pair 36:84 is established by their common ratio. When both numbers are divided by their greatest common divisor, 12, the ratio simplifies to 3:7 (36 = 12 × 3 and 84 = 12 × 7). Among the choices, the pair 27:63 maintains this same proportionality. Dividing both 27 and 63 by 9 yields the identical ratio of 3:7 (27 = 9 × 3 and 63 = 9 × 7).

Explanation

The total amount shared is A + B + C = 1875. According to the first condition, A's share is half of the combined share of B and C, which can be expressed as A = ½(B + C) or B + C = 2A. Substituting this into the total sum equation gives A + 2A = 1875, which simplifies to 3A = 1875, resulting in A = 625.

According to the second condition, B's share is one-fourth of the combined share of A and C, which can be expressed as B = ¼(A + C) or A + C = 4B. Substituting this into the total sum equation gives B + 4B = 1875, which simplifies to 5B = 1875, resulting in B = 375.

To find C's share, we subtract the shares of A and B from the total amount: C = 1875 - (625 + 375) = 1875 - 1000 = 875. The amount by which C's share exceeds A's share is calculated as C - A = 875 - 625 = 250.

Explanation

The relationship in the given pair is that of a general category and a specific member or type within that category. A thesaurus is a specific kind of book used for finding synonyms and antonyms of words. Similarly, a python is a specific type of reptile. Both pairs follow the logical pattern of General Classification : Specific Example.

Explanation

Interchanging the signs + and ÷ in the expression 12 - 8 + 12 × 9 ÷ 3 = 9 results in the following equation: 12 - 8 ÷ 12 × 9 + 3 = 9

Following the BODMAS rule, first perform the division: 8 ÷ 12 = ⁸⁄₁₂ = ⅔

Substitute this value back into the equation and perform the multiplication: 12 - (⅔ × 9) + 3 = 9 12 - 6 + 3 = 9

Finally, perform the addition and subtraction from left to right: 6 + 3 = 9 9 = 9

Since the left-hand side equals the right-hand side, the interchange of + and ÷ is correct.

Explanation

Expensive, costly, and valuable are synonyms that pertain to the high price or monetary worth of an object. These terms characterize an item based on its financial value. In contrast, big refers to the physical dimensions, size, or magnitude of an object, which is a descriptor of physical scale rather than economic cost.

Explanation

The relationship between the words in the given pair Season: Winter is that of a general category to a specific member or instance of that category. Winter is a specific type of season. Following the same logic, Month represents a general category of time division, and April is a specific member or example that belongs to that category. Therefore, the second word in the pair is a specific subdivision of the class defined by the first word.

Explanation

The numerical relationship shared by the other three pairs is a constant ratio of 8:7. In each of those cases, the first number is exactly ⁸⁄₇ times the second number, or both numbers are multiples of a common factor k such that the pair is (8k, 7k). For the pair 56:49, k = 7; for 104:91, k = 13; and for 32:28, k = 4. However, for the pair 64:54, the ratio simplifies to 32:27 (2 × 32 and 2 × 27), which deviates from the 8:7 logic.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where the numbers are grouped into triplets. In each triplet, the third number is the difference between the squares of the first two numbers. The relationship can be expressed by the formula a² - b² = c.

In the first set (12, 7, 95), the calculation is 12² - 7² = 144 - 49 = 95.

In the second set (14, 8, 132), the calculation is 14² - 8² = 196 - 64 = 132.

Following this logic for the third set (16, 9, ?), the missing number is the difference between the square of 16 and the square of 9. Therefore, 16² - 9² = 256 - 81 = 175.

Explanation

The coding logic follows a two-step process: first, the word is reversed, and second, each letter is replaced by its corresponding opposite letter in the English alphabet. The position of an opposite letter is found using the formula Opposite Position = 27 - Current Position, where A = 1 and Z = 26.

In the word COMPUTER, the reversed order is R, E, T, U, P, M, O, C. Applying the transformation: R (18) becomes I (27 - 18 = 9), E (5) becomes V (22), T (20) becomes G (7), U (21) becomes F (6), P (16) becomes K (11), M (13) becomes N (14), O (15) becomes L (12), and C (3) becomes X (24). This results in the code IVGFKNLX.

Following the same logic for TELEPHONE, the word is first reversed to E, N, O, H, P, E, L, E, T. Converting each letter to its alphabetical opposite gives: E (5) as V (22), N (14) as M (13), O (15) as L (12), H (8) as S (19), P (16) as K (11), E (5) as V (22), L (12) as O (15), E (5) as V (22), and T (20) as G (7). The resulting string is VMLSKVOVG.

Explanation

The series is constructed using blocks of four consecutive integers. The first block consists of the numbers 3, 4, 5, and 6. To determine the starting number of the subsequent block, a value of 3 is added to the last number of the preceding block (6 + 3 = 9). This leads to the second block: 9, 10, 11, and 12. Following the same logic, the start of the next block is found by adding 3 to 12 (12 + 3 = 15). Within this third block, the numbers follow the consecutive integer pattern, so the term immediately following 15 is 16.

Explanation

The relationship can be decoded by breaking down the description provided by Saksham. My father's wife refers to Saksham's mother. The only son of Saksham's mother refers to Saksham himself, as he is the speaker and the sole son in that context. Therefore, the statement she is the daughter of the only son of my father's wife simplifies to Nidhi is the daughter of Saksham. This directly identifies Saksham as Nidhi's father.

Explanation

The series follows a specific alphabetical progression for each letter position in the triplets. For the first letter, the sequence is B, D, F, H, where each letter advances by two positions in the English alphabet (B+2=D, D+2=F, F+2=H). Following this pattern, the next first letter is H+2=J.

For the second letter, the sequence is O, P, Q, R, where each letter advances by one position (O+1=P, P+1=Q, Q+1=R). Following this pattern, the next second letter is R+1=S.

For the third letter, the sequence is P, N, L, J, where each letter moves backward by two positions (P-2=N, N-2=L, L-2=J). Following this pattern, the next third letter is J-2=H. Combining these results yields the next term JSH.

Explanation

The alphabetical positions of the letters in the cluster POWZ are P(16), O(15), W(23), and Z(26). The differences between these consecutive positions are 15 - 16 = -1, 23 - 15 = 8, and 26 - 23 = 3. This cluster is the odd one out because it fails to follow the consistent pattern of adding 3 to the position of each preceding letter to get the next one, which is the rule governing the other clusters. In a uniform +3 progression, each letter would be exactly three places ahead of the one before it, a pattern which POWZ violates with its irregular intervals.

Explanation

To make the equation 18 + 6 - 6 ÷ 3 × 3 = 6 correct, the signs + and ÷ must be interchanged. After substituting + for ÷ and ÷ for +, the equation becomes:

18 ÷ 6 - 6 + 3 × 3 = 6

Applying the BODMAS rule, perform division first: 18 ÷ 6 = 3 3 - 6 + 3 × 3 = 6

Next, perform multiplication: 3 × 3 = 9 3 - 6 + 9 = 6

Finally, perform addition and subtraction: 3 + 9 - 6 = 12 - 6 = 6

The left-hand side equals the right-hand side, satisfying the equation.

Explanation

In syllogism, the either-or condition applies when two conclusions form a complementary pair. This occurs when both conclusions share the same subject and predicate, both are individually indeterminate based on the given statements, and they consist of a pair such as Some and No.

The statements Some teachers are philosophers and Some philosophers are writers do not establish a definite relationship between teachers and writers because the middle term philosopher is not distributed in either statement. Consequently, any specific claim about the relationship between teachers and writers is uncertain. Conclusion I (Some writers are teachers) and Conclusion II (No writer is a teacher) use the same terms and represent a complementary pair of I and E type propositions. Since it is logically necessary that either some writers are teachers or no writer is a teacher, one of the two must be true even if neither can be proven individually.

Explanation

The coding logic is based on the alphabetical position of each letter (A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26). For letters with a single-digit position (1-9), the position number is used directly as the code. For letters with a double-digit position (10-26), the code is determined by the letter's reverse alphabetical position, which is calculated using the formula 27 - Position.

In the word EAGER: E is the 5th letter, so it is coded as 5. A is the 1st letter, so it is coded as 1. G is the 7th letter, so it is coded as 7. E is the 5th letter, so it is coded as 5. R is the 18th letter. Since 18 is a double-digit number, its code is 27 - 18 = 9. This yields the code 51759.

In the word CADET: C is the 3rd letter, so it is coded as 3. A is the 1st letter, so it is coded as 1. D is the 4th letter, so it is coded as 4. E is the 5th letter, so it is coded as 5. T is the 20th letter. Since 20 is a double-digit number, its code is 27 - 20 = 7. This yields the code 31457.

Explanation

The words follow a logical spatial hierarchy based on geographic containment, ordered from the smallest entity to the largest. The Great Pyramid (3) is a specific monument located in the city of Giza (5). Giza is a city situated within the country of Egypt (1). Egypt is a nation located on the continent of Africa (2), and Africa is one of the continents that make up the World (4). This sequence represents the increasing order of scale and administrative boundaries: Great Pyramid → Giza → Egypt → Africa → World.

Explanation

The relationship established in the first pair is that of a country and its official national currency. The Yuan is the primary unit of currency in China. Following the same logic, the currency of Japan is the Yen, which is issued by the Bank of Japan and serves as the legal tender for the nation.

Explanation

The series consists of 18 characters in total. By dividing the sequence into groups of three, an alternating pattern of two distinct triplets emerges. Substituting the letters from the first option into the gaps results in the sequence acb ddb acb ddb acb ddb. The first blank is filled with b to complete the first acb group. The second blank is filled with d to complete the first ddb group. The third blank is filled with a to complete the second acb group. The fourth blank is filled with b to complete the second ddb group. The fifth blank is filled with c to complete the final acb group. This creates a consistent rhythmic pattern where the triplets acb and ddb repeat sequentially throughout the entire string.

Explanation

The coding logic assigns each letter its corresponding numerical position in the English alphabet, where A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, D = 4, E = 5, …, K = 11, …, M = 13. The final code is then generated by writing these positional values in the reverse order of the letters appearing in the word.

For the word BACK, the positional values are B = 2, A = 1, C = 3, K = 11. Reversing this sequence gives 11, 3, 1, 2, which yields the code 11312.

For the word CAKE, the positional values are C = 3, A = 1, K = 11, E = 5. Reversing this sequence gives 5, 11, 1, 3, which yields the code 51113.

Applying this logic to the word MADE, the positional values are M = 13, A = 1, D = 4, E = 5. Reversing this sequence gives 5, 4, 1, 13. When these numbers are concatenated, the resulting code is 54113.

Explanation

The logic applied to the numbers in the set (10, 18, 38) involves a sequence of operations where the second term is derived from the first, and the third term is derived from the second. The relationship between the first and second term is defined by the formula n₂ = (n₁ × 2) - 2, resulting in 10 × 2 - 2 = 18. The relationship between the second and third term is defined by the formula n₃ = (n₂ × 2) + 2, resulting in 18 × 2 + 2 = 38.

The set (12, 22, 46) follows this identical mathematical pattern. Applying the first operation, the second number is calculated as 12 × 2 - 2 = 22. Applying the second operation, the third number is calculated as 22 × 2 + 2 = 46. This consistency in the multipliers and offsets confirms the relationship is the same as the original set.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern based on the differences between consecutive terms. By calculating the first-level differences, we get 5 - 2 = 3, 11 - 5 = 6, 23 - 11 = 12, and 44 - 23 = 21.

To find the logic behind these increments, we look at the second-level differences, which are the differences between the differences themselves. These are 6 - 3 = 3, 12 - 6 = 6, and 21 - 12 = 9. The second-level differences are multiples of 3 (3 × 1, 3 × 2, 3 × 3). Following this sequence, the next second-level difference must be 3 × 4 = 12.

By adding this value to the last first-level difference, we find the next increment: 21 + 12 = 33. Adding this increment to the last term of the series gives the missing number as 44 + 33 = 77.

Explanation

The given pair follows a cause-and-effect relationship where the second term is the immediate consequence of the first. In physics and general logic, an action leads to a reaction. In biology and psychology, this same functional relationship is described by the stimulus-response model. A stimulus is any internal or external change that an organism can detect, and the resulting activity or change in behavior triggered by that stimulus is defined as the response.

Explanation

P is the father of Q, and because T is the sister of Q, P is also the father of T. The information that T is the mother of S and R confirms that S and R are the children of T and thus the grandchildren of P. Since T is married to V, V is the husband of P's daughter. In standard kinship terms, the husband of one's daughter is a son-in-law. Therefore, V is the son-in-law of P.

Explanation

By interchanging the signs ÷ and ×, the equation becomes:

16 + 3 - 5 ÷ 2 × 4 = 9

Applying the BODMAS rule, we perform division and multiplication first. The expression 5 ÷ 2 × 4 can be simplified as:

⁵⁄₂ × 4 = 5 × 2 = 10

Now, substitute this back into the equation:

16 + 3 - 10

19 - 10 = 9

The left-hand side equals the right-hand side, confirming that interchanging ÷ and × makes the equation correct.

Explanation

Malayalam is the official and primary language spoken in the state of Kerala. Tamil is the official language of the neighboring state of Tamil Nadu. In the other given pairs, the language listed is either an official language or a significant indigenous language specifically associated with that particular state or union territory. Therefore, the pairing of Tamil with Kerala is the outlier as it does not represent the primary linguistic identity of the state.

Explanation

The letters in the series follow specific arithmetic patterns based on their alphabetical positions.

For the first letter of each term, the sequence is C (3), F (6), I (9), L (12). The pattern is a consistent addition of 3 to the position value. The next letter is 12 + 3 = 15, which corresponds to O.

For the second letter of each term, the sequence is B (2), G (7), L (12), Q (17). The pattern is a consistent addition of 5 to the position value. The next letter is 17 + 5 = 22, which corresponds to V.

For the third letter of each term, the sequence is A (1), E (5), I (9), M (13). The pattern is a consistent addition of 4 to the position value. The next letter is 13 + 4 = 17, which corresponds to Q.

Combining these findings, the next term in the series is OVQ.

Explanation

The relationship in the first pair is determined by multiplying the first number by a value derived from its digits. Specifically, the multiplier is the product of the digits minus one.

For the first pair 17:102: Product of digits of 17 = 1 × 7 = 7 Multiplier = 7 - 1 = 6 Result = 17 × 6 = 102

Applying the same logic to the third number 23: Product of digits of 23 = 2 × 3 = 6 Multiplier = 6 - 1 = 5

In the English alphabet, the letter at the 5th position is E.

Explanation

Let the present ages of the father and the son be F and S respectively. The problem specifies age multipliers for two different time periods. Based on the numerical relationships that yield the given answer, 3:2 times represents 3.5 (3 ½) and 2:4 times represents 2.25 (2 ¼).

Ten years ago, the father's age was 3.5 times that of the son: F - 10 = 3.5(S - 10) F - 3.5S = -35 + 10 F - 3.5S = -25 (Equation 1)

Ten years from now, the father's age will be 2.25 times that of the son: F + 10 = 2.25(S + 10) F + 10 = 2.25S + 22.5 F - 2.25S = 12.5 (Equation 2)

To find the ages, subtract Equation 1 from Equation 2: (F - 2.25S) - (F - 3.5S) = 12.5 - (-25) 1.25S = 37.5 S = 37.5 / 1.25 = 30

Now, substitute S = 30 into Equation 1: F - 3.5(30) = -25 F - 105 = -25 F = 80

The present age of the father is 80 years and the son is 30 years. The sum of their present ages is 80 + 30 = 110 years.

Explanation

The coding pattern involves reversing the order of letters in the given word. In the case of SUN, reversing the letters results in the code NUS. Similarly, for the word TOP, the reversal of letters results in the code POT. Applying this same logic to the word FUR, reversing the letters F-U-R gives the code RUF. Consequently, the last letter of the resulting code RUF is F.

Explanation

The logic follows the positional values of letters in the English alphabet where A=1, B=2, …, Z=26. In the other letter clusters, the pattern is determined by adding 2 to the first letter to get the second, and adding 7 to the second letter to get the third. For instance, in KMT (11, 13, 20), FHO (6, 8, 15), and QSZ (17, 19, 26), the differences are consistently +2 and +7.

In the case of OQV, the positional values are O = 15, Q = 17, and V = 22. While the first difference is 17 - 15 = 2, the second difference is 22 - 17 = 5. Because the increment between the second and third letter is 5 instead of 7, this cluster does not follow the established rule of the group.

Explanation

The relationship in the majority of the pairs follows the pattern of a tool and the professional who uses it to perform their craft. A sculptor uses a chisel as a primary tool for carving, a blacksmith utilizes an anvil for shaping metal, and a surgeon employs a scalpel for performing operations. In contrast, paper and book represent a relationship of raw material to the finished product, or a part to a whole, which does not involve a professional-tool association. This deviation from the professional-tool logic makes this pair the odd one out.

Explanation

The coding follows a direct letter-to-digit mapping based on the positions of the letters in the given words. By comparing the words DON and ROAM with their respective codes 345 and 6412, we can identify the value for each letter: R is 6, O is 4, A is 1, M is 2, D is 3, and N is 5.

To code the word RANDOM, we substitute each letter with its corresponding digit: R corresponds to 6 A corresponds to 1 N corresponds to 5 D corresponds to 3 O corresponds to 4 M corresponds to 2

Arranging these digits in the order of the letters in RANDOM gives the sequence 615342.

Explanation

Let the current ages of the father and son be represented as a ratio of 2:1, which has a difference of 1 part. Twenty years ago, the ratio was 12:1, which has a difference of 11 parts. Since the age difference between two people remains constant over time, the difference in parts must be equalized. Multiplying the current ratio by 11 results in a present ratio of 22:11.

The change in age parts from 20 years ago to the present is 22 - 12 = 10 units for the father and 11 - 1 = 10 units for the son. These 10 units correspond to the 20-year time gap.

Calculating the value of one unit: 1 unit = 20 / 10 = 2 years

Calculating present ages: Son's age: 11 × 2 = 22 years Father's age: 22 × 2 = 44 years

Explanation

The problem requires replacing mathematical operators with specific symbols as defined: - becomes ×, / becomes +, becomes ÷, and + becomes -. Substituting these into the original expression 25 - 2 / 10 5 + 2 results in the new expression 25 × 2 + 10 ÷ 5 - 2. Using the BODMAS rule, the calculation proceeds by first performing division, which gives 10 ÷ 5 = 2. Following this, multiplication is performed, yielding 25 × 2 = 50. The simplified expression is then 50 + 2 - 2. Adding 50 and 2 gives 52, and subtracting 2 from that result yields a final value of 50.

Explanation

The pair 13:179 is the odd one out because it follows the relation 13² + 10 = 179. This deviates from the logic shared by the other pairs, where the second number is determined by adding 5 to the square of the first number, represented by the formula y = x² + 5. Since this specific pair requires an addition of 10 rather than 5 to the square of the first term, it does not fit the established pattern of the group.