SSC CGL Tier 1 2019 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

The coding pattern involves dividing the seven-letter word into three parts: the first three letters, the middle letter, and the last three letters. For the word REGULAR, the first three letters (REG) are reversed to become GER, the middle letter (U) is shifted one position backward in the alphabet (U - 1) to become T, and the last three letters (LAR) are reversed to become RAL, resulting in GERTRAL.

Following the same logic for BROTHER, the first three letters (BRO) are reversed to become ORB. The middle letter (T) is shifted one position backward (T - 1) to become S. The last three letters (HER) are reversed to become REH. Combining these components yields the code ORBSREH.

Explanation

The number 43 is a prime number, meaning it has no divisors other than 1 and itself. The other numbers in the set are composite numbers that are all multiples of 3: 39 is the product of 3 × 13, 57 is the product of 3 × 19, and 63 is the product of 3 × 21. This makes 43 the odd one out as it is the only prime number among the options.

Explanation

The sequence represents the chronological progression of a student entering higher education. The process begins with Admission (4) into a College (2). After being admitted, the student attends a Class (6) to Learn (1) the curriculum. Once the course of study is complete, the student undergoes an Assessment (5) to evaluate their knowledge and skills. Upon the successful completion of this evaluation, the student is finally awarded a Degree (3).

Explanation

The relationship between the first pair of words is based on antonyms. Division refers to the process of separating something into parts or the state of being split, whereas unity refers to the state of being joined together or forming a whole. Since these two terms are opposites, the second pair must follow the same pattern. To repair something means to restore it to a sound or good condition after it has been broken or harmed. The direct opposite of this action is to damage something, which involves inflicting physical harm or injury that impairs the value or usefulness of an object.

Explanation

By interchanging the signs + and ÷ in the given equation 9 - 3 + 12 × 8 ÷ 4 = 11, we get: 9 - 3 ÷ 12 × 8 + 4 = 11

Following the BODMAS rule (Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction): The division 3 ÷ 12 results in 0.25 or ¼. The equation becomes: 9 - ¼ × 8 + 4 = 11

Next, perform the multiplication: ¼ × 8 = 2. The equation becomes: 9 - 2 + 4 = 11

Performing the operations from left to right: 9 - 2 = 7 7 + 4 = 11

This results in 11 = 11, which confirms that the equation is balanced when these two signs are interchanged.

Explanation

The words condemn, disparage, and denigrate are synonyms that share a common thematic meaning related to expressing strong disapproval, criticizing, or belittling someone or something. They are all verbs used to describe the act of speaking or writing negatively about a subject. In contrast, awkward is an adjective that describes a lack of grace, skill, or a situation that is embarrassing or difficult to handle. It does not relate to the act of verbal criticism or depreciation, making it the odd word out in the group.

Explanation

The given letter series consists of 18 positions. By dividing the series into three groups of six letters each, a repeating pattern of dbacbd emerges. Filling the gaps sequentially with the letters a, d, c, d, and b completes this pattern.

Group 1: d b [a] c b d Group 2: [d] b a [c] b d Group 3: [d] b a c [b] d

Placing these letters results in the triple repetition of the six-letter unit dbacbd. This consistency confirms that the letters a-d-c-d-b are the correct sequence to complete the series.

Explanation

The relationship between the terms is based on the sum of the digits of the numbers followed by an adjustment. For the given pairs:

In 6472:25: Sum of digits = 6 + 4 + 7 + 2 = 19 The difference between the target number and the sum is 25 - 19 = 6 (which is the first digit of the number). Relation: (Sum of digits) + (First digit) = 19 + 6 = 25

In 7343:41: Sum of digits = 7 + 3 + 4 + 3 = 17 Here, the logic requires a different adjustment to reach 41. If we consider the product of the first and last digits added to the sum of the middle digits: (7 × 3) + (3 + 4) = 21 + 7 = 28. To reach 41, we need to add 13. Alternatively, looking at the pattern of squares: (6 - 2)² + (4 + 7) - 2 = 16 + 11 - 2 = 25. (7 - 3)² + (3 × 4 + 13) …

A more consistent logic used for this specific pattern is: (d₁ × d₄) + (d₂ + d₃) + (Adjustment) 6472: (6 × 2) + (4 + 7) = 12 + 11 = 23. Adding 2 gives 25. 7343: (7 × 3) + (3 + 4) = 21 + 7 = 28. Adding 13 gives 41. This does not yield a simple constant.

Applying the logic d₁ × d₂ - (d₃ + d₄) and matching the result: 6472: (6 × 4) - (7 - 2) = 24 + 5 = 29. 29 - 4 = 25. 7343: (7 × 3) + (4 × 5) = 41.

However, the standard logic for this problem in competitive exams is the sum of the products of the first two and last two digits, adjusted by the sum of the digits: For 6582: 6 + 5 + 8 + 2 = 21 21 - 5 = 16 (where 5 is the second digit).

Explanation

First, transform the expression 60 10 / 40 + 6 - 5 by substituting the operators as defined: + becomes -, - becomes ×, $ becomes ÷, and / becomes +. The resulting expression is:

60 ÷ 10 + 40 - 6 × 5

Using the BODMAS rule, solve the division and multiplication first. Dividing 60 by 10 gives 6, and multiplying 6 by 5 gives 30. The expression simplifies to:

6 + 40 - 30

Next, perform the addition and subtraction. Adding 6 and 40 results in 46. Finally, subtracting 30 from 46 yields the final value of 16.

Explanation

The letter-cluster SKLV is the odd one out because it does not follow the alphabetical pattern shared by the other clusters, where the fourth letter is the immediate successor of the first letter (+1) and the third letter is the immediate predecessor of the second letter (-1). In SKLV, the first letter S and the fourth letter V have a difference of three positions in the alphabet (S=19, V=22), and the third letter L is the immediate successor of the second letter K (K=11, L=12) instead of being its predecessor.

Explanation

Ireland is the odd one out because it is a country located in the continent of Europe. In contrast, Afghanistan, Nepal, and Indonesia are all geographically situated within the continent of Asia. The classification is based on the continental location of the countries, where three belong to the Asian landmass and Ireland belongs to the European landmass.

Explanation

The relationship between selling price (SP) and cost price (CP) is given by the formula SP = CP × (100 + P%)/(100). In the first scenario, a 15% profit results in a selling price of ₹4,140, which means 115% of CP = 4140. To find the selling price required for a 25% profit, we need to determine the value of 125% of CP.

By setting up a direct proportion: New SP = ⁴¹⁴⁰⁄₁₁₅ × 125

Simplifying the calculation by dividing both 115 and 125 by 5: New SP = ⁴¹⁴⁰⁄₂₃ × 25

Dividing 4140 by 23 results in 180: New SP = 180 × 25 = 4500

Explanation

The given series follows the pattern of a Fibonacci-style sequence where each term starting from the third is the sum of the two preceding terms. The logic is defined by the relation xₙ = xₙ₋₁ + xₙ₋₂.

Calculating the terms based on this addition rule: The third term is 7 + 11 = 18. The fourth term is 11 + 18 = 29. The fifth term is 18 + 29 = 47. The sixth term is 29 + 47 = 76.

Since the sum of the third and fourth terms results in 47, and adding 29 to 47 correctly yields the final term 76, the missing number is 47.

Explanation

According to the logical principle of syllogism, if A ∩ B ≠ ∅ and B ⊆ C, it necessarily follows that A ∩ C ≠ ∅. In this problem, let Q represent the set of quadrilaterals, S represent the set of squares, and R represent the set of rhombuses. The first statement establishes that some quadrilaterals are squares, meaning Q ∩ S ≠ ∅. The second statement establishes that all squares are rhombuses, meaning S ⊆ R.

By combining these relations, the specific part of the set of quadrilaterals that overlaps with the set of squares must also overlap with the set of rhombuses, because the set of squares is entirely contained within the set of rhombuses. Therefore, there is a guaranteed intersection between quadrilaterals and rhombuses, making conclusion III logically certain. This satisfies the condition that some quadrilaterals are rhombuses.

Explanation

Kerala is located in the southern part of India along the Malabar Coast and is categorized as a South Indian state. The pairing with North-West is geographically incorrect because the North-Western region of India typically comprises states like Rajasthan and Gujarat. Since the other pairs correctly associate a state with its respective cardinal or ordinal geographical region within India, this pair is the odd one out.

Explanation

The relationship between the letter-clusters is determined by a specific numerical pattern applied to the positional values of the letters in the English alphabet (A=1, B=2, …, Z=26). The pattern involves alternating addition and subtraction: +4, -3, +2, -1.

In the first pair, FLQV is transformed into JISU as follows: F (6) + 4 = J (10) L (12) - 3 = I (9) Q (17) + 2 = S (19) V (22) - 1 = U (21)

Applying this same logic to the third letter-cluster DINR: D (4) + 4 = H (8) I (9) - 3 = F (6) N (14) + 2 = P (16) R (18) - 1 = Q (17)

The resulting letters H, F, P, and Q form the cluster HFPQ.

Explanation

In the alphabetical series, let each letter be represented by its positional value where A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26. In the clusters DHL, HLP, and PTX, the letters follow a constant arithmetic progression with a common difference of +4. Specifically, DHL corresponds to positions 4, 8, 12, HLP corresponds to 8, 12, 16, and PTX corresponds to 16, 20, 24. However, in the cluster LPQ, the positional values are 12, 16, and 17. While the difference between L and P is +4, the difference between P and Q is only +1 (17 - 16 = 1), which breaks the uniform +4 interval pattern shared by the other groups.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in the set (11, 16, 20) is defined by the differences between consecutive terms. The second number is obtained by adding 5 to the first number (11 + 5 = 16), and the third number is obtained by adding 4 to the second number (16 + 4 = 20). In the set (15, 20, 24), the same pattern of +5 and +4 is followed, where 15 + 5 = 20 and 20 + 4 = 24.

Explanation

The coding pattern follows a simple forward shift of one position (+1) in the alphabetical sequence for every letter of the word. In the given example, A moves to B, N moves to O, G moves to H, E moves to F, and L moves to M. Following this logic for the word SAVAGE, the first letter S shifts to T, the second letter A shifts to B, and the third letter V shifts to W. Therefore, the third alphabet in the code for SAVAGE is W.

Explanation

The numbers in the given set, except for 731, are perfect cubes of integers. Specifically, 2197 = 13³, 343 = 7³, and 1331 = 11³. In contrast, 731 is not a perfect cube, as 9³ = 729 and 10³ = 1000. Therefore, 731 does not share the common mathematical property of being a cube of a natural number that the other three values possess.

Explanation

The series is formed by the continuous repetition of a six-letter pattern. By filling the gaps with the letters from the sequence dbdcb, the complete string becomes cddabbcddabbcddabb. Dividing this string into blocks of six reveals the repeating unit: cddabb | cddabb | cddabb. Each block follows the same alphabetical arrangement, ensuring the logical consistency of the series.

Explanation

A mnemonic is a system or device, such as a pattern of letters or ideas, that assists in improving or inducing memory. Similarly, a sedative is a substance or drug administered to induce or promote a state of sleep. In this word-pair relationship, the first term acts as an agent or tool specifically designed to facilitate or bring about the condition described by the second term.

Explanation

The relationship between the words is based on the action taken to put a formal decision or directive into effect. A judgement is formally announced or handed down through the act of delivery. Similarly, a rule is put into practice or made effective through the act of implementation. Both pairs represent a noun and the corresponding verb that describes its official execution or enforcement.

Explanation

In the given set (17, 12, 7), the numbers follow a pattern where the difference between consecutive terms is constant. Specifically, 17 - 12 = 5 and 12 - 7 = 5. This indicates that the numbers are in an arithmetic progression. Similarly, in the set (15, 19, 23), the difference between consecutive terms is also constant, as 19 - 15 = 4 and 23 - 19 = 4. Both sets share the same relationship where the middle term is the arithmetic mean of the first and third terms.

Explanation

The numbers in the set (8, 80, 12) follow the mathematical logic where the middle number is the difference of the squares of the first and third numbers.

Formula: B = C² - A²

Applying the formula to the set (8, 80, 12): A = 8 C = 12 B = 12² - 8² B = 144 - 64 B = 80

This confirms the relationship (8, 80, 12) follows the C² - A² = B pattern, which is a standard logic used in set-based numerical reasoning questions.

Explanation

The logical order follows the chronological sequence of human life stages and developmental milestones. A human begins life as an Infant (3) and then grows into the stage of a Child (1). Following childhood, an individual typically pursues Education (5) to acquire knowledge and skills. Upon completion of studies, the person seeks Employment (4) to achieve financial independence and professional stability. Finally, once established in their career, the person usually enters into Marriage (2). This sequence 3, 1, 5, 4, 2 represents a standard lifecycle progression.

Explanation

Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, its physical structure, and the materials, specifically rocks, that compose it. Following this analogy, cytology is the branch of biology dedicated to the study of the structure and function of plant and animal cells.

Explanation

To correspond is the specific act of communicating by exchanging written messages. In this word-pair, the second word, letters, serves as the essential medium or instrument through which the action described by the first word, correspond, is carried out. This reflects a functional relationship where the first term represents a process or activity and the second term identifies the primary physical mode or constituent element of that activity. Correspondence is defined by the use of letters, making the two words inseparable in the context of this specific form of communication.

Explanation

The total sum of the nine numbers is obtained by multiplying the average by the count: 9 × 40 = 360. The sum of the first five numbers is 5 × 38 = 190, and the sum of the last five numbers is 5 × 50 = 250. In the sequence of nine numbers, the fifth number is the final term of the first five and the initial term of the last five. Consequently, when the sums of these two overlapping groups are added, the fifth number is counted twice. The value of the fifth number is calculated by subtracting the total sum of the nine numbers from the combined sum of the two groups: (190 + 250) - 360 = 440 - 360 = 80.

Explanation

The numbers in this set follow a pattern where the third digit is the difference between the first digit and the second digit. For the other three numbers, the relation is Digit₁ - Digit₂ = Digit₃. Specifically, in 523, 5 - 2 = 3; in 312, 3 - 1 = 2; and in 734, 7 - 3 = 4. In the case of 953, the subtraction of the second digit from the first digit results in 9 - 5 = 4, which does not match the third digit, 3. Therefore, 953 does not adhere to the arithmetic rule shared by the others.

Explanation

The relationship between the letter-clusters is based on the concept of opposite letters in the English alphabet, where the sum of the numerical positions of the paired letters is always 27. In the first pair DGIL : WTRO, the position of D is 4 and its opposite W is 23 (4 + 23 = 27), G is 7 and T is 20 (7 + 20 = 27), I is 9 and R is 18 (9 + 18 = 27), and L is 12 and O is 15 (12 + 15 = 27). Applying the same logic to the third cluster FHKM, the position of F is 6, making its opposite 27 - 6 = 21, which is U. The position of H is 8, making its opposite 27 - 8 = 19, which is S. The position of K is 11, making its opposite 27 - 11 = 16, which is P. The position of M is 13, making its opposite 27 - 13 = 14, which is N. Following this sequence, the resulting cluster is USPN.

Explanation

The coding logic follows the formula: Code = (Sum of positional values of letters × 2) + 1.

For HEAD: H = 8, E = 5, A = 1, D = 4 Sum = 8 + 5 + 1 + 4 = 18 Code = (18 × 2) + 1 = 37

For BANK: B = 2, A = 1, N = 14, K = 11 Sum = 2 + 1 + 14 + 11 = 28 Code = (28 × 2) + 1 = 57

Applying this logic to KITE: K = 11, I = 9, T = 20, E = 5 Sum = 11 + 9 + 20 + 5 = 45 Code = (45 × 2) + 1 = 91

Explanation

By interchanging the signs + and - in the equation 24 - 12 ÷ 4 + 8 × 2 = 11, the new expression becomes: 24 + 12 ÷ 4 - 8 × 2

Following the BODMAS rule, which dictates the order of operations as Division, Multiplication, Addition, and Subtraction:

First, perform the division: 12 ÷ 4 = 3 The expression becomes: 24 + 3 - 8 × 2

Second, perform the multiplication: 8 × 2 = 16 The expression becomes: 24 + 3 - 16

Third, perform the addition: 24 + 3 = 27 The expression becomes: 27 - 16

Finally, perform the subtraction: 27 - 16 = 11

The value matches the right-hand side of the original equation.

Explanation

The series follows a geometric progression with a common ratio of 1.5 (or 3/2). Multiplying each term by 1.5 gives the next term: 16 x 1.5 = 24, 24 x 1.5 = 36, 36 x 1.5 = 54, and 54 x 1.5 = 81.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in the pair 24:56 is determined by their simplest ratio. By dividing both numbers by their greatest common divisor, 8, we find that 24/8 = 3 and 56/8 = 7, establishing a ratio of 3:7. In the pair 9:21, both numbers are divisible by 3. Dividing 9 by 3 gives 3, and dividing 21 by 3 gives 7. Consequently, the pair 9:21 maintains the exact same 3:7 proportion as the original pair.

Explanation

The coding logic is based on a specific positional rearrangement of the letters in the word. By assigning numerical positions to the letters of the word PASTEUR (P=1, A=2, S=3, T=4, E=5, U=6, R=7), the coded word TPRUASE is formed using the sequence of positions 4-1-7-6-2-3-5.

Applying this same 4-1-7-6-2-3-5 pattern to the word SEVENTY (S=1, E=2, V=3, E=4, N=5, T=6, Y=7), we extract the letters in that specific order. The 4th letter is E, the 1st letter is S, the 7th letter is Y, the 6th letter is T, the 2nd letter is E, the 3rd letter is V, and the 5th letter is N. Placing these letters together in the required sequence yields the code ESYTEVN.

Explanation

C has two children, and since B is the brother of A and the son of C, the two children are B (male) and A (female). D is the son-in-law of C, which implies D is the husband of A. A is the mother of F, making F the daughter of A and D. F is the niece of G, and E is the son of G. Given that C has only two children (A and B), G must be the spouse of B for F to be G's niece. Therefore, E is the son of B and G. Since B is the brother of A, and D is A's husband, B is the brother-in-law of D. The son of one's brother-in-law is a nephew. Thus, E is the nephew of D.

Explanation

Steal refers to the act of taking another person's property without permission or legal right. This word belongs to the semantic category of theft. The other words in the group are synonyms that all mean to obstruct, delay, or stop the progress or movement of something. While those terms relate to creating an obstacle or checking an action, Steal describes the illegal acquisition of property.

Explanation

The series is formed by the repeated use of a specific six-letter sequence. By dividing the total eighteen characters into groups of six, the pattern cadbab | cadbab | cadbab emerges. Placing the letters d, c, b, c, and b into the respective gaps sequentially completes these three identical blocks.

In the first block, the letter d fills the gap at the third position to complete cadbab. In the second block, the letter c fills the seventh position and the letter b fills the tenth position to complete cadbab. In the final block, the letter c fills the thirteenth position and the letter b fills the sixteenth position to complete cadbab. This uniform repetition of the six-letter unit across the series establishes the logical consistency required for completion.

Explanation

The first statement establishes that there is an intersection between the set of carpenters and the set of technicians. The second statement states that the entire set of technicians is a subset of the set of mechanics.

Conclusion I follows because the carpenters who are also technicians must be mechanics, since every technician is a mechanic. This ensures that the intersection between carpenters and mechanics is not empty.

Conclusion II follows by the rule of conversion. If all technicians are mechanics, then it is logically necessary that some individuals within the mechanic category are technicians.

Conclusion III does not follow because the premises only link a specific portion of carpenters (those who are technicians) to the set of mechanics. There is no information provided regarding the remaining carpenters to conclude that the entire set of carpenters is contained within the set of mechanics.

Explanation

In the letter-cluster XVWZ, the alphabetical positions of the letters are X(24), V(22), W(23), and Z(26). The relationship between the first three letters does not follow the pattern of consecutive reverse alphabetical order. Specifically, the transition from the first to the second letter is a decrement of 2 (24 - 2 = 22), and the transition from the second to the third is an increment of 1 (22 + 1 = 23). In the other clusters, the first three letters consistently follow a uniform decrement of 1 (n → n-1 → n-2), meaning they are consecutive letters in the alphabet arranged in reverse order. Because XVWZ deviates from this uniform structural pattern of the first three letters, it is the odd one out.