SSC CGL Tier 1 2019 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

The analogy follows the pattern of an organism and its specific mode of movement. Flying is the characteristic manner in which a bird travels through the air. In the same way, galloping is the specific, fast-paced gait of a horse, representing its most rapid natural form of locomotion where all four hooves leave the ground during the stride cycle.

Explanation

Suresh is the father of Rohit, and since Rohit and Bharat are brothers, Suresh is also the father of Bharat. Bharat and Sapna are husband and wife, and Krish is identified as Sapna's son, which makes Krish the son of Bharat. As Krish is the son of Bharat, and Bharat is the son of Suresh, Krish is the grandson of Suresh.

Explanation

The relationship in the given pair is that of a body part and the specific article of clothing or accessory worn to cover it. Socks are designed to be worn on the feet for protection or warmth. Similarly, a turban is a traditional garment or headwear specifically worn on the head. Both pairs follow the logical connection where the second word is a garment worn on the body part mentioned in the first word.

Explanation

The relationship between the first and second term is based on reversing the order of the letters. The word WOLF consists of the sequence W-O-L-F, which when written in reverse order becomes F-L-O-W. Applying the same logic to the third term DRAW, reversing the sequence of its letters D-R-A-W results in W-A-R-D.

Explanation

14 is the only number in the set that is not a product of two consecutive integers. All other numbers follow the mathematical pattern n(n + 1), where n is an integer: 3 × 4 = 12, 5 × 6 = 30, and 7 × 8 = 56.

Explanation

The relationship in the given word-pair is that the first word is a primary constituent or substance found within the second word. Helium (represented here as Hem) is one of the two main chemical elements that compose the Sun, accounting for approximately twenty-four percent of its mass. Similarly, Vitamins are essential organic nutrients that are found in and sourced from Fruits. In both cases, the first term identifies a specific component or substance that is inherently present in the object or source denoted by the second term.

Explanation

The logic followed in this analogy is the substitution of letters with their corresponding opposite positions in the English alphabet. In such pairs, the sum of the numerical positions of the original letter and its replacement is always 27. In the first pair BECD and YVXW, the transformations are B (2) to Y (25), E (5) to V (22), C (3) to X (24), and D (4) to W (23). In every instance, the sum of the positions equals 27.

Applying this pattern to the third cluster DGEF, the letter D (4) is replaced by the 23rd letter (27 - 4 = 23), which is W. The letter G (7) is replaced by the 20th letter (27 - 7 = 20), which is T. The letter E (5) is replaced by the 22nd letter (27 - 5 = 22), which is V. Finally, the letter F (6) is replaced by the 21st letter (27 - 6 = 21), which is U. This sequence results in the cluster WTVU.

Explanation

The first statement Some cars are vehicles is a particular affirmative statement. According to the principle of conversion in syllogism, a statement of the form Some A are B implies that Some B are A is also true. Consequently, the conclusion Some vehicles are cars logically follows from the first statement alone, which validates conclusion III. When combining the two statements, the middle term vehicle is distributed in the second premise (No vehicle is a four-wheeler) but not in the first. This combination of a particular affirmative and a universal negative (I + E) leads to a particular negative (O) conclusion: Some cars are not four-wheelers. Since conclusion I (No car is a four-wheeler) is a universal negative and conclusion II (All four-wheelers are cars) is a universal affirmative, neither can be definitively concluded from the given premises. Thus, only conclusion III is logically certain.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in the set (7, 13, 21) is established by the fixed differences between consecutive terms, where 13 - 7 = 6 and 21 - 13 = 8. The set (2, 8, 16) follows this identical pattern because the difference between the first and second terms is 6 (8 - 2 = 6) and the difference between the second and third terms is 8 (16 - 8 = 8). Both sets represent a sequence where the addition of the even numbers 6 and 8 respectively produces the subsequent values.

Explanation

The relationship between the words is that of an alloy and its primary constituent. Brass is a metal alloy consisting essentially of copper and zinc, where copper is the base metal. Similarly, solder is a fusible metal alloy used to join metal workpieces, and its principal component is tin, which is typically alloyed with lead or other metals. Thus, the pair solder and tin follows the same alloy to constituent relationship established by brass and copper.

Explanation

Priyank and Akshay are brothers, which means they share the same parents. Since the problem states that Akshay is the son of Sonia, Priyank must also be the son of Sonia. In this family structure, Sonia is the mother and both Priyank and Akshay are her sons.

Explanation

The coding logic follows the product of the numerical positions of the letters in the English alphabet, where A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26. For AU, the positions are A = 1 and U = 21, and their product is 1 × 21 = 21. For EGG, the positions are E = 5, G = 7, and G = 7, and their product is 5 × 7 × 7 = 245. Applying this logic to BAKE, the positions are B = 2, A = 1, K = 11, and E = 5. The code is the product of these values: 2 × 1 × 11 × 5 = 110.

Explanation

The letter-cluster NOR consists of letters at the 14th, 15th, and 18th positions of the alphabet. This follows a pattern where the second letter is +1 from the first and the third letter is +4 from the first. In the other letter-clusters, the second letter is +1 from the first, but the third letter is consistently -1 from the first (e.g., FGE is 6, 7, 5 and YZX is 25, 26, 24). Because the third letter R in NOR is four positions ahead of N rather than one position behind it, this cluster is the odd one out.

Explanation

The relationship followed in the number-pair is n : n³{2}. In the given pair 4:32, the calculation is 4³ = 64 and 64 / 2 = 32. Applying the same mathematical rule to the number 6, we calculate 6³ = 216 and then divide by 2 to arrive at 216 / 2 = 108.

Explanation

The logical sequence follows the chronological progression of a book from its inception to its consumption by the audience. The process begins with the Author (3), who is the creator of the work. The author then performs the core task of Writing (1) the manuscript. Once the content is completed, it undergoes the process of being Published (2) to make it available to the public. After publication, the book is distributed to the market for Sale (5). Finally, the book reaches the end-user, the Reader (4), who consumes the finished product. This sequence (3, 1, 2, 5, 4) accurately represents the standard functional workflow in the literary and publishing industry.

Explanation

The statement that all teachers are painters is a universal affirmative proposition, which can be represented as the set of teachers being a subset of the set of painters. This relationship does not imply the converse; specifically, it does not mean that the set of painters is a subset of the set of teachers. There may be painters who are not teachers, so Conclusion I does not logically follow. The statement that some painters are rich is a particular affirmative proposition, establishing that there is an intersection between the set of painters and the set of rich people. This confirms that some rich people are painters, but it does not guarantee the existence of rich people outside the set of painters. Since all rich people could potentially be painters, the assertion in Conclusion II that some rich are not painters is not a necessary consequence of the given statements.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where each subsequent letter is determined by subtracting 2 from the numerical position of the preceding letter in the English alphabet (n - 2). The positions of the given letters are Z = 26, X = 24, and V = 22. Following this constant difference, the first missing term is at position 22 - 2 = 20, which corresponds to the letter T. The sequence continues with R = 18 and P = 16. The second missing term is at position 16 - 2 = 14, which corresponds to the letter N.

Explanation

In the pair 49- 82, the first number 49 is a perfect square (7²). This differs from the pattern where both numbers in a pair follow the formula n² + 1. While 82 satisfies this rule as 9² + 1, 49 does not include the + 1 increment. In the other pairs, every number is exactly one more than a perfect square, such as 17 (4² + 1), 37 (6² + 1), 65 (8² + 1), 101 (10² + 1), 26 (5² + 1), and 50 (7² + 1). The presence of a perfect square instead of an n² + 1 value makes this pair the odd one out.

Explanation

The coding logic follows an alternating pattern of subtracting 1 and adding 1 to the alphabetical positions of the letters in the word. For the word NEEDLE, the transformations are N-1=M, E+1=F, E-1=D, D+1=E, L-1=K, and E+1=F, resulting in MFDEKF. Applying this same pattern to HAMMER results in H-1=G, A+1=B, M-1=L, M+1=N, E-1=D, and R+1=S. Therefore, HAMMER is coded as GBLNDS.

Explanation

The relationship established in the first pair of words, Cheerful and Sad, is one of antonyms or opposites. To complete the analogy, the second pair must also consist of words with opposite meanings. Generous describes a person who is willing to give or share freely with others. The direct antonym of this trait is Selfish, which refers to a person who lacks consideration for others and is primarily concerned with their own profit, pleasure, or well-being.

Explanation

Tendency refers to a natural inclination, predisposition, or a general trend toward a particular behavior or condition. It defines a leaning or a likelihood of occurrence. In this set, it is the odd word because it describes a propensity or direction rather than the quality of being resolute, determined, or persistent. The other three terms are synonyms that specifically denote human willpower and the act of standing firm against obstacles.

Explanation

Let the initial number of girls be x. Since the number of girls is half the number of boys, the number of boys is 2x. The total number of people present at the party an hour before is the sum of boys and girls, which is 2x + x = 3x.

According to the given condition, after an hour, five boys leave and three girls join, at which point the number of boys and girls becomes equal. This can be expressed as: 2x - 5 = x + 3

Solving for x: 2x - x = 3 + 5 x = 8

The initial number of girls was 8 and the initial number of boys was 2 × 8 = 16. Therefore, the total number of people present an hour before was 8 + 16 = 24.

Explanation

The series follows an alternating mathematical pattern involving addition and division. Starting from the first term 57, the sequence is generated by adding 5 to the current term and then dividing the resulting sum by 2 to obtain the subsequent term.

57 + 5 = 62 62 ÷ 2 = 31 31 + 5 = 36 36 ÷ 2 = 18

Following this established logic, the operation to be performed after division by 2 is the addition of 5. Applying this to the last term in the given series:

18 + 5 = 23

This calculation completes the sequence based on the alternating +5 and ÷ 2 logic.

Explanation

Sodium is a stable alkali metal and does not possess radioactive properties. In contrast, Thorium, Uranium, and Radium are all heavy elements that are naturally radioactive and undergo nuclear decay. While the others are associated with nuclear chemistry and high atomic numbers, Sodium is a common element found in group 1 of the periodic table with an atomic number of 11.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in this analogy is based on the sum of their individual digits. In the first pair, the sum of the digits of 2139 is 2 + 1 + 3 + 9 = 15, and the sum of the digits of 3246 is 3 + 2 + 4 + 6 = 15. Since both numbers in the pair share the same digit sum, the same logic is applied to the next set. The sum of the digits of the third number, 4262, is 4 + 2 + 6 + 2 = 14. Among the options, the number 2471 follows this pattern as the sum of its digits is 2 + 4 + 7 + 1 = 14.

Explanation

The series follows a specific increment pattern for each corresponding letter in the triplets. To find the next term, examine each position separately:

The first letters follow a +1 pattern in alphabetical order: O (15), P (16), Q (17), R (18). The next letter is 18 + 1 = 19, which is S.

The second letters follow a +2 pattern: B (2), D (4), F (6), H (8). The next letter is 8 + 2 = 10, which is J.

The third letters follow a +3 pattern: E (5), H (8), K (11), N (14). The next letter is 14 + 3 = 17, which is Q.

Combining these results, the next term in the series is SJQ.

Explanation

Interchanging the signs × and + in the given equation 24 ÷ 8 - 5 × 5 + 3 = 13 yields:

24 ÷ 8 - 5 + 5 × 3 = 13

Applying the BODMAS rule to solve the Left Hand Side (LHS):

First, perform the division: 24 ÷ 8 = 3 The expression becomes: 3 - 5 + 5 × 3

Next, perform the multiplication: 5 × 3 = 15 The expression becomes: 3 - 5 + 15

Finally, perform the addition and subtraction: 3 + 15 - 5 = 18 - 5 = 13

Since the calculated value matches the Right Hand Side (RHS), the equation is correct.

Explanation

The letter-cluster HNLJ is the odd one out because its alphabetical transitions do not follow the +3k, -2k, +k pattern observed in the group. Mapping the letters to their numerical positions in the alphabet (H=8, N=14, L=12, J=10), the transitions are: 8 +6 14 -2 12 -2 10

In this case, the first shift is +6 (implying k=2). According to the group's pattern, the subsequent shifts should be -4 (calculated as -2 × 2) and +2 (calculated as +1 × 2). HNLJ is unique because the final transition between its last two letters is a decrease of 2, whereas the consistent rule for the set requires the final transition to be an increase.

Explanation

The logical sequence follows the chronological stages of a medical event. The process begins when a person suffers from an Illness (4), which necessitates a visit to a Doctor (6). Upon consultation, the doctor conducts an examination to provide a Diagnosis (2) of the condition. Following the diagnosis, the doctor provides a Prescription (3) detailing the required treatment. The patient then takes the suggested Medicine (1) as per the instructions, which ultimately results in Recovery (5) from the ailment. This progression establishes the sequence 4, 6, 2, 3, 1, 5.

Explanation

The coding logic involves reversing the word and then shifting each letter one position backward in the alphabetical sequence. For the word TEMPLE, reversing the order of letters results in ELPMET. By applying a -1 operation to the rank of each letter in ELPMET, we get E → D, L → K, P → O, M → L, E → D, and T → S, which forms the code DKOLDS.

Applying this same logic to WORSHIP, we first reverse the word to get PIHSR OW. Then, we subtract 1 from the alphabetical position of each letter: P (16) - 1 = 15 (O), I (9) - 1 = 8 (H), H (8) - 1 = 7 (G), S (19) - 1 = 18 (R), R (18) - 1 = 17 (Q), O (15) - 1 = 14 (N), and W (23) - 1 = 22 (V). Thus, the coded form is OHGRQNV.

Explanation

To determine the relationship, the statement made by Vijay can be broken down into steps. First, Vijay's wife's only brother is Vijay's brother-in-law. Second, the son of this brother-in-law is the person mentioned in the phrase son's mother. Third, the mother of that son must be the wife of the brother-in-law. Therefore, Rukmani is the wife of Vijay's brother-in-law. The question asks for the relationship between Rukmani's husband and Vijay. Since Rukmani is the wife of Vijay's wife's brother, her husband is that same brother. In standard kinship terminology, the brother of one's wife is referred to as a brother-in-law.

Explanation

The given numerical series follows a pattern where the difference between consecutive terms increases by a constant value of 5. By analyzing the gaps between the numbers: 7 - 2 = 5 17 - 7 = 10 32 - 17 = 15 52 - 32 = 20 The sequence of differences is 5, 10, 15, and 20, which represents the multiples of 5. To find the next term in the series, the next multiple of 5 must be added to the preceding term. The next difference in this arithmetic progression is 20 + 5 = 25. Therefore, the next term is calculated by adding 25 to the current last term: 52 + 25 = 77.

Explanation

The analogy follows the relationship of a male animal and its corresponding female counterpart. A stag is a male deer, and a doe is a female deer. Similarly, a bull is a male bovine, and a cow is the female of the same species.

Explanation

The series is organized into triplets where the third number is derived from the first two. The logic applied is that the sum of the first and second numbers in each set, when divided by 9, equals the third number.

For the first triplet (50, 31, 9): (50 + 31)/(9) = ⁸¹⁄₉ = 9

For the second triplet (43, 11, 6): (43 + 11)/(9) = ⁵⁴⁄₉ = 6

For the third triplet (42, 21, ?): (42 + 21)/(9) = ⁶³⁄₉ = 7

Explanation

Potatoes are a primary source of starch, which is the main nutritional component they provide. Similarly, Stevia is a plant that is primarily cultivated for its sweetening properties and is used globally as a natural substitute for sugar. The analogy reflects the relationship between a plant source and the specific functional substance it is known for producing.

Explanation

The first conclusion follows directly from the second statement. Since all parents are teachers, it is logically necessary that some teachers are parents. In categorical logic, the universal affirmative proposition All A are B implies the particular affirmative proposition Some B are A through conversion.

The second conclusion follows from the combination of both statements. Statement 1 asserts that all humans are parents, and statement 2 asserts that all parents are teachers. This creates a transitive chain where humans are a subset of parents, and parents are a subset of teachers. This implies that all humans are teachers. By the same rule of conversion used for the first conclusion, if all humans are teachers, it follows that some teachers are humans. Since both conclusions are validly derived from the given premises, both I and II follow.

Explanation

Let Saksham's current age be x and Vishal's be 3x. According to the first condition, (3x + 8) = 2(x + 8), which solves to x = 8, making Vishal's current age 24. The question asks for Vishal's age after a further 8 years (16 years from now), which is 24 + 16 = 40 years.

Explanation

The logic applied to these clusters involves pairs of opposite letters, where the sum of the positions of the two letters in the English alphabet is 27. In the cluster DWKO, the first pair D (4) and W (23) sums to 27, which satisfies the condition. However, the second pair K (11) and O (15) results in a sum of 26. For the pattern to be consistent, the letter following K should be its alphabet opposite, P (16), since 11 + 16 = 27. Because the second pair of letters in this cluster fails to maintain the opposite-letter relationship, it deviates from the rule followed by the other groups.

Explanation

The given equation is 12× 8÷ 36 + 3 - 6 = 102. By interchanging the signs ÷ and +, the equation becomes 12× 8 + 36÷ 3 - 6. Applying the BODMAS rule, the division operation is performed first: 36÷ 3 = 12. The expression then simplifies to 12× 8 + 12 - 6. Next, the multiplication operation is carried out: 12× 8 = 96. This results in the expression 96 + 12 - 6. Performing the addition gives 108 - 6, which results in a final value of 102. Because the left-hand side equals the right-hand side, interchanging ÷ and + makes the equation correct.

Explanation

The words are arranged in an ascending order based on their economic value and rarity. Iron is a common base metal with the lowest market price among the group. Brass, being an alloy of copper and zinc, is more expensive than iron. Silver is a precious metal that carries a higher value than brass. Gold is significantly more valuable than silver, and Platinum is traditionally considered the most precious and expensive metal in this sequence. This logical progression from the least expensive to the most expensive material results in the sequence 5, 1, 3, 2, 4.

Explanation

The coding follows an alternating pattern of adding 3 and 2 to the numerical positions of the letters in the alphabet. For the word PAINTER: P(16)+3 = S(19), A(1)+2 = C(3), I(9)+3 = L(12), N(14)+2 = P(16), T(20)+3 = W(23), E(5)+2 = G(7), and R(18)+3 = U(21).

Applying the same alternating +3, +2 logic to the word WRITER: W(23) + 3 = Z(26) R(18) + 2 = T(20) I(9) + 3 = L(12) T(20) + 2 = V(22) E(5) + 3 = H(8) R(18) + 2 = T(20)

Following this sequence, the word WRITER is encoded as ZTLVHT.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where each letter in the cluster changes based on its position. For the first letter of each cluster, the sequence increases by one position in the alphabet: G to H, H to I, I to J, and J to K. For the second letter, the sequence decreases by one position in the alphabet: Z to Y, Y to X, X to W, and W to V. For the third letter, the sequence again increases by one position: I to J, J to K, K to L, and L to M. Combining these transitions, the next cluster in the series is KVM.

Explanation

The numerical relationship follows the pattern y = x² + 5, where x is the first number and y is the second number. For the first pair, 9:86, the calculation is 9² + 5 = 81 + 5 = 86. Applying the same logic to the third number, 13, we square it and add the same constant: 13² + 5 = 169 + 5 = 174.

Explanation

The numerical relationship followed by the other pairs is based on the formula y = 18x, where x is the first number and y is the second number. In the first pair, 13 × 18 = 234. In the second pair, 7 × 18 = 126. In the third pair, 11 × 18 = 198. In the fourth pair, 9 × 18 = 162, which does not match the provided value of 164.

Explanation

Earth, Jupiter, and Mars are classified as major planets within our Solar System that orbit the Sun directly. Metis is categorized differently as it is a natural satellite, or moon, specifically the innermost known moon of the planet Jupiter.

Explanation

The letter-cluster TYBEg is the odd one out because it does not follow the +5, +4, +3, +2 addition pattern between the numerical positions of its letters. For this cluster, the alphabetical positions are T = 20, Y = 25, B = 2, E = 5, and G = 7. The gaps between these letters are calculated as 20 + 5 = 25 (Y), 25 + 3 = 28 ≡ 2 (B), 2 + 3 = 5 (E), and 5 + 2 = 7 (G). This results in an addition sequence of +5, +3, +3, +2, which deviates from the logic where each subsequent increment should be exactly one less than the previous one. Additionally, this cluster is the only one containing a lowercase letter, making it visually distinct from the all-uppercase clusters.

Explanation

The coding logic divides the nine-letter word into four pairs (positions 1-2, 3-4, 6-7, and 8-9) and a central letter (position 5). The characters within each pair are swapped, while the central letter is shifted forward by one position in the alphabet (+1).

In the word SELECTION: The first pair SE is swapped to ES. The second pair LE is swapped to EL. The central letter C is incremented by one to become D. The third pair TI is swapped to IT. The fourth pair ON is swapped to NO. Combining these results in ESELDITNO.

Applying the same logic to NOSTALGIA: The first pair NO is swapped to ON. The second pair ST is swapped to TS. The central letter A is incremented by one to become B. The third pair LG is swapped to GL. The fourth pair IA is swapped to AI. Combining these segments results in the coded word ONTSBGLAI.

Explanation

Let the current ages of Natasha and Krishna be N and K respectively. According to the first condition, the sum of their current ages is N + K = 50, which can be rewritten as N = 50 - K.

The second condition describes their ages ten years ago. At that time, Krishna's age was (K - 10) and Natasha's age was (N - 10). The problem states that Krishna was twice as old as Natasha then: K - 10 = 2(N - 10)

By substituting the expression for N from the first equation into the second equation, we get: K - 10 = 2((50 - K) - 10) K - 10 = 2(40 - K) K - 10 = 80 - 2K

Now, group the variables and constants to solve for K: K + 2K = 80 + 10 3K = 90 K = 30

Thus, Krishna's current age is 30 years. Substituting this back into the first equation, Natasha's current age is 50 - 30 = 20 years. Ten years ago, Krishna was 20 and Natasha was 10, satisfying the condition that he was twice her age.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where each corresponding letter in the successive clusters is shifted backward by 3 positions in the English alphabet.

For the first letter of each cluster, the sequence is A, X, U, R. Using numerical positions where A = 1 (or 27), X = 24, U = 21, and R = 18, the difference is consistently -3. Thus, the next first letter is 18 - 3 = 15, which corresponds to O.

For the second letter of each cluster, the sequence is D, A, X, U. The numerical positions are D = 4, A = 1 (or 27), X = 24, and U = 21. Applying the -3 shift, the next second letter is 21 - 3 = 18, which corresponds to R.

For the third letter of each cluster, the sequence is H, E, B, Y. The numerical positions are H = 8, E = 5, B = 2 (or 28), and Y = 25. Applying the -3 shift, the next third letter is 25 - 3 = 22, which corresponds to V.

Combining these results, the next cluster in the series is ORV.

Explanation

The organs are arranged in a logical sequence based on their anatomical position in the human body from the head down to the lower abdomen. The brain occupies the highest position within the skull. Below the head, the thyroid gland is situated in the cervical region of the neck. Continuing down into the trunk, the heart is located within the thoracic cavity. Below the diaphragm, the liver is found in the upper abdominal cavity. The kidneys are positioned lower in the abdominal region compared to the liver, situated against the back wall of the body.