SSC CGL Tier 1 2016 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

The logic followed in the given equations is that the product of the two numbers is divided by 2 to obtain the result. In the first instance, 23 × 16 = 368, and 368 / 2 = 184. Similarly, in the second instance, 37 × 10 = 370, and 370 / 2 = 185. Applying this pattern to the final set, the product of 85 and 12 is 85 × 12 = 1020. Dividing this product by 2 results in 1020 / 2 = 510.

Explanation

The logic follows a horizontal pattern where the fourth column is the result of adding the first two columns and subtracting the third column. In the first row, 2 + 4 - 2 = 4. In the second row, 5 + 5 - 3 = 7. Applying this same operation to the third row, we get 8 + 6 - 4 = 10.

Alternatively, the table can be solved by looking at the vertical columns, as each column follows an arithmetic progression with a constant difference. In the first column, the difference is 3 (2, 5, 8). In the second column, the difference is 1 (4, 5, 6). In the third column, the difference is 1 (2, 3, 4). Following this pattern, the fourth column also has a constant difference of 3, such that 4 + 3 = 7 and 7 + 3 = 10.

Explanation

Let the starting point be (0, 0) on a coordinate plane. Walking 20 m North reaches (0, 20). Turning right (East) for 20 m reaches (20, 20). Rana then makes three consecutive left turns. The first left turn is North for 5 m, reaching (20, 20 + 5) = (20, 25). The second left turn is West for 25 m, reaching (20 - 25, 25) = (-5, 25). The third left turn is South for 25 m, reaching (-5, 25 - 25) = (-5, 0). The distance from the starting point (0, 0) to the final point (-5, 0) is 5 m.

Explanation

Conclusion I does not follow because while Meena is a girl, the statement only says "some" girls are stars, so she may or may not be one. Conclusion II does not follow because the existential statement "some girls are stars" does not logically imply that there are stars who are not girls; in formal logic, it is possible for all stars to be girls.

Explanation

The Preamble serves as the introductory statement of the Constitution, setting out its purpose, scope, and philosophy. Similarly, a Preface is the introductory section of a book, typically written by the author to explain the work's objective, background, and contents. Both terms represent the opening component that provides context for the main body of the respective document or publication.

Explanation

The relationship between the letter groups is based on reverse alphabetical positions. In this pattern, each letter in the first group is replaced by the letter that occupies the same position from the end of the alphabet. This can be calculated using the formula Position_Fₒᵣ_wₐᵣ_d + Position_Rₑᵥₑᵣₛₑ = 27.

For the first set EFG : VUT: E is the 5th letter from the beginning, and V is the 5th letter from the end (27 - 5 = 22). F is the 6th letter from the beginning, and U is the 6th letter from the end (27 - 6 = 21). G is the 7th letter from the beginning, and T is the 7th letter from the end (27 - 7 = 20).

Applying the same logic to KLM: K is the 11th letter from the beginning. Its reverse counterpart is the 16th letter, which is P (27 - 11 = 16). L is the 12th letter from the beginning. Its reverse counterpart is the 15th letter, which is O (27 - 12 = 15). M is the 13th letter from the beginning. Its reverse counterpart is the 14th letter, which is N (27 - 13 = 14).

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in the first pair is established by subtracting 1 from the first number and then dividing the result by 2. This can be expressed by the formula y = (x - 1)/(2). Applying this to the first pair where x = 85:

(85 - 1)/(2) = ⁸⁴⁄₂ = 42

Following the same logic for the second pair where x = 139:

(139 - 1)/(2) = ¹³⁸⁄₂ = 69

Explanation

Mathematics is the general field of study that encompasses various specialized branches. Geometry, Trigonometry, and Algebra are specific sub-disciplines or components that fall under the broader umbrella of Mathematics. Therefore, Mathematics is the odd one out because it represents the entire category, whereas the other options are individual subjects within that category.

Explanation

The letter cluster MORU follows a specific numerical pattern based on the alphabetical positions of its letters, where M is 13, O is 15, R is 18, and U is 21. The increments between these consecutive letters are +2 (15 - 13), +3 (18 - 15), and +3 (21 - 18). This +2, +3, +3 sequence is the odd one out because it deviates from the consistent +2, +3, +4 pattern found in the other clusters. In those groups, the final letter is always four positions ahead of the third letter, whereas in MORU, the final letter U is only three positions ahead of R.

Explanation

The number 225 is a perfect square (15²) but is not a perfect cube. This distinguishes it from the other numbers, which are all perfect cubes of integers: 64 = 4³, 125 = 5³, and 216 = 6³.

Explanation

To arrange words according to an English dictionary, they are compared letter by letter from left to right. All four words begin with the same two letters, KN. Comparing the third letters, we have A in KNACK, I in KNIT, and O in both KNOB and KNOW. In alphabetical order, A comes first and I comes second. To determine the order of the remaining two words, we compare their fourth letters. In KNOB, the fourth letter is B, and in KNOW, the fourth letter is W. Since B precedes W, KNOB is placed third and KNOW is placed fourth. Thus, the word in the third place is KNOB.

Explanation

The pattern of the series is determined by analyzing each letter position independently. The first letter of each term increases by two positions in the alphabetical order: E (+2) results in G, G (+2) results in I, I (+2) results in K, and K (+2) results in M. The second letter of every term remains the same, which is L. The third letter of each term also increases by two positions in the alphabetical order: F (+2) results in H, H (+2) results in J, J (+2) results in L, and L (+2) results in N. The fourth letter of every term remains constant as A. Combining these positional changes, the first letter is K, the second is L, the third is L, and the fourth is A. This sequence produces the term KLLA.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where a specific even number is added to two consecutive terms before the increment value increases by 2. Calculating the differences between consecutive terms reveals: 11 - 5 = 6 17 - 11 = 6 25 - 17 = 8 33 - 25 = 8 43 - 33 = 10 The sequence of differences is 6, 6, 8, 8, 10, … Based on this repeating pair pattern, the next increment must also be 10. The missing term is calculated as 43 + 10 = 53.

Explanation

To determine the relationship, the statement is broken down into logical steps starting from the end. The phrase the only son of my grandfather refers to Rakesh's father, because a grandfather's only male child must be the father of the grandchild in this direct lineage. The statement then identifies the girl in the photo as the daughter of this individual. Since the person identified is Rakesh's father, the daughter of Rakesh's father is Rakesh's sister.

Explanation

The relationship can be mapped through the generations provided in the question. E is the daughter of B. Since A is the mother of B, A is the parent of E's parent. In genealogical terms, the mother of a person's parent is their grandmother. Consequently, A is the grandmother of E.

Explanation

The word SECURE requires the letter E to appear twice. Upon counting the letters in the word COURAGEOUS, it is evident that the letter E occurs only once. Since there is only one E available in the source word, it is impossible to form SECURE, which necessitates two.

Explanation

The code follows a numerical shift for each letter position based on its rank in the alphabet: -2 for the first letter, +4 for the second, -3 for the third, and +5 for the fourth. In the conversion of THEN to RLBS, the positions are modified as T(20) - 2 = 18(R), H(8) + 4 = 12(L), E(5) - 3 = 2(B), and N(14) + 5 = 19(S). Applying this identical pattern to CASE results in C(3) - 2 = 1(A), A(1) + 4 = 5(E), S(19) - 3 = 16(P), and E(5) + 5 = 10(J), yielding the code AEPJ.

Explanation

By replacing the symbols with the specified mathematical operators, the expression 13 □ 3 * 6 % 8 - 4 □ 14 transforms into: 13 + 3 - 6 × 8 ÷ 4 + 14

Following the BODMAS rule, perform the operations in the order of Division, Multiplication, Addition, and Subtraction.

First, solve the division: 13 + 3 - 6 × (8 ÷ 4) + 14 = 13 + 3 - 6 × 2 + 14

Next, solve the multiplication: 13 + 3 - (6 × 2) + 14 = 13 + 3 - 12 + 14

Then, perform the addition of positive terms: (13 + 3 + 14) - 12 = 30 - 12

Finally, perform the subtraction: 30 - 12 = 18

Explanation

The system follows a pattern where the first two numbers are multiplied to form the first part of the result, and the last two numbers are multiplied to form the second part of the result.

In the first equation, 3 × 2 = 6 and 8 × 4 = 32, which when concatenated results in 632.

In the second equation, 2 × 4 = 8 and 4 × 4 = 16, which when concatenated results in 816.

Applying this same logic to the unsolved equation, 3 × 3 = 9 and 5 × 1 = 5. Concatenating these two products gives the final result of 95.

Explanation

The pattern observed in each row is that the middle number is calculated by taking the difference between the first and third numbers and multiplying that difference by 10.

In the first row, the calculation is (86 - 38) × 10 = 48 × 10 = 480.

In the second row, the calculation is (72 - 21) × 10 = 51 × 10 = 510.

Applying the same logic to the third row, the missing number is found by calculating the difference between the first and third numbers and multiplying by 10, which gives (36 - 12) × 10 = 24 × 10 = 240.

Explanation

Rema's movements can be tracked on a coordinate plane starting at (0, 0). Walking 10 km south places her at (0, -10). Turning right involves moving west; walking 5 km west brings her to (-5, -10). Turning right again means moving north; walking 10 km north brings her to (-5, 0). At this stage, she is exactly 5 km west of her starting point. Finally, turning left means moving further west; walking 10 km west places her at (-15, 0). The total distance from her final position (-15, 0) back to the starting point (0, 0) is 15 km.

Explanation

The first statement establishes that the set of Hindus is a subset of God-fearing people, which can be represented as H ⊂ GF. The second statement establishes that the set of Japanese people and the set of Hindus are disjoint, meaning J ∩ H = ∅.

Conclusion I does not follow because the statements do not provide information about the relationship between Japanese people and the God-fearing category outside of the Hindu subset. A Japanese person can be God-fearing without being a Hindu, as the God-fearing set may contain many other groups.

Conclusion II does not follow because the universal affirmative statement All Hindus are God-fearing does not imply its converse. In categorical logic, a statement of the form All A are B does not mean All B are A. The God-fearing category is the distributed predicate and can include individuals who are not Hindus. Since neither conclusion can be logically derived with certainty from the premises, neither follows.

Explanation

The relationship in this analogy is based on an object and the specific scientific instrument used to observe it in detail. A microscope is the primary tool used to magnify and view bacteria, which are otherwise too small to be studied by the naked eye. Similarly, a telescope is the specialized optical instrument used to view and study distant celestial bodies like the Moon, allowing for the observation of its craters and surface features that are not visible without magnification.

Explanation

The given analogy follows the pattern of n³ : (n+2)³. In the first pair, 27 is the cube of 3 (3³), and 125 is the cube of 5 (5³), where the base increases by 2. For the second pair, 64 is the cube of 4 (4³). Applying the same logic, the missing number must be the cube of 4 + 2, which is 6³ = 216.

Explanation

A novel is a specific type of literary work or a finished product of writing. In contrast, paper, pencil, and pen are all categorized as stationery items or the raw materials and tools used in the process of writing. While the others serve as the instruments or medium for creating content, a novel represents the final creative result or the book itself.

Explanation

The numerical positions of the letters in all options follow the pattern n, n+2, n+3, n+3. For instance, a(1), c(3), D(4), D(4) and Q(17), S(19), T(20), t(20). The sequence QSTt is the odd one out because it is the only option that begins with a consonant and concludes with a mixed-case pair for the repeated letter (T and t). In contrast, the other sequences begin with vowels in alphabetical order (a, e, i) and end with identical letters that are both uppercase.

Explanation

In this classification problem, the relationship between the two numbers in each pair is defined by their arithmetic difference. For the pairs 65 - 90, 112 - 137, and 162 - 187, the difference is consistently 25 as shown below: 90 - 65 = 25 137 - 112 = 25 187 - 162 = 25 However, for the pair 73 - 97, the difference is 97 - 73 = 24. Since this pair does not maintain the common difference of 25 shared by the other options, it is the odd one out.

Explanation

To arrange words in dictionary order, they are compared letter by letter from left to right. All five words begin with the letter G. Comparing the second letters, Groan (e), Grotesque (c), and Group (b) contain the letter r, while Guarantee (a) and Guard (d) contain the letter u. Since r precedes u in the alphabet, the words starting with G-r come before those starting with G-u.

Among the words starting with G-r, the first three letters G-r-o are identical. Comparing the fourth letters, a in Groan (e) comes first, followed by t in Grotesque (c), and then u in Group (b). This establishes the first part of the sequence as e, c, b.

Next, comparing Guarantee (a) and Guard (d), the first four letters G-u-a-r are identical. Comparing the fifth letters, a in Guarantee (a) comes before d in Guard (d). Therefore, Guarantee precedes Guard. Combining these results, the final sequence in dictionary order is e, c, b, a, d.

Explanation

The given letter series consists of a pattern involving the four letters x, y, z, and k. To determine the correct sequence, the series can be divided into blocks of four characters each. By placing the letters from the set zyxkx into the gaps sequentially, the pattern becomes clear.

Placing z in the first gap completes the first block: xyzk. Placing y in the second gap completes the second block: xyzk. Placing x in the third gap completes the third block: xyzk. Placing k in the fourth gap completes the fourth block: kxyz. Placing x in the fifth gap begins the fifth block: x...

The resulting series is xyzk | xyzk | xyzk | kxyz | x. In this arrangement, the first three blocks are identical repetitions of the group xyzk. The fourth block consists of the same four letters rearranged as kxyz, followed by x to start the next segment. This consistent use of the four-letter set {x, y, z, k} to fill each block validates the sequence.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where each subsequent term is obtained by subtracting a decreasing sequence of consecutive integers. Calculating the differences between the given terms: 219 - 211 = 8 211 - 204 = 7 204 - 198 = 6

The differences are 8, 7, and 6. Following this arithmetic progression of differences, the next value to be subtracted is 5. 198 - 5 = 193

To verify the pattern, subtracting the next integer (4) from this result should yield the final number in the series: 193 - 4 = 189

Explanation

Z is the wife of P, and P is the son of A. By definition, the wife of a person's son is their daughter-in-law. Since Z is married to P and P is the direct male offspring of A, Z is the daughter-in-law of A. The fact that M is the sister of Z defines the sibling relationship between Z and M but does not alter the marital affinity between Z and A's family.

Explanation

Let the age of the youngest child be x. Since the four children were born at intervals of 4 years each, their ages form an arithmetic progression: x, x+4, x+8, and x+12. The sum of these ages is 60.

Summing the terms gives the equation: x + (x + 4) + (x + 8) + (x + 12) = 60 4x + 24 = 60

Subtracting 24 from both sides: 4x = 36

Dividing by 4: x = 9

Alternatively, the average age of the four children is 60 / 4 = 15. In an arithmetic progression with an even number of terms, the average is the midpoint between the two middle terms (x+4 and x+8). The midpoint of x+4 and x+8 is x+6. Setting x + 6 = 15 yields x = 9.

Explanation

The word ENVIRONMENT contains the following letters: E (2), N (3), V (1), I (1), R (1), O (1), M (1), and T (1). To form the word OINTMENT, the letter T is required twice, occurring at both the fourth and the eighth positions. However, the source word ENVIRONMENT provides only a single instance of the letter T. Since the count of the letter T in OINTMENT exceeds its availability in the given word, OINTMENT cannot be formed.

Explanation

The coding logic involves adding 1 to each letter of the word and then reversing the resulting sequence. For TIGER, adding 1 to each letter gives U, J, H, F, S, which when reversed results in SFHJU.

Explanation

The logical pattern used in the given operations is to divide the first number by the second number and then add 1 to the quotient. The formula for the operation x * y can be expressed as:

(x / y) + 1 = Result

Applying this rule to the first equation: 4 / 2 = 2 2 + 1 = 3

Applying the same rule to the second equation: 8 / 4 = 2 2 + 1 = 3

Following this logic for the final expression: 21 / 7 = 3 3 + 1 = 4

Explanation

The pattern observed in the columns of the matrix is that the square of the difference between the numbers in the first and second rows results in the number in the third row. The formula used is (R₁ - R₂)² = R₃.

In the first column, the calculation is (17 - 12)² = 5² = 25. In the second column, the calculation is (11 - 13)² = (-2)² = 4. Applying this logic to the third column, the missing number is found by (19 - 16)² = 3² = 9.

Explanation

The movement of the man can be tracked using a coordinate system starting at the origin (0,0). First, he walks 5 km South, reaching the point (0, -5). He then turns right; when facing South, a right turn points towards the West. Walking 3 km West brings him to the point (-3, -5). Finally, he turns left; when facing West, a left turn points towards the South. Walking 5 km South brings his final position to (-3, -10). Since the final coordinates are negative for both the x-axis (West) and the y-axis (South), his position relative to the starting point is in the South-West direction.

Explanation

The statements establish a direct relationship between life and the presence of stresses and strains, while further qualifying that these elements produce an adverse effect. In logical deduction, when a factor is identified as having a harmful or negative impact on a subject, it follows that avoiding or minimizing that factor is a desirable and logical course of action. Since the second statement explicitly identifies stresses and strains as having an adverse effect, the conclusion that one should avoid them is a valid inference aimed at mitigating the negative consequences described.

Explanation

The relationship in the given pair is that of a protective substance and its recipient. Pesticides are applied to plants to protect them from pests, diseases, and external threats. Similarly, a vaccination is administered to a baby to provide immunity and protection against various diseases and harmful pathogens. In both instances, the first term represents a preventive measure or treatment used to ensure the health and survival of the living subject mentioned in the second term.

Explanation

The relationship between the first and second letter groups is based on the concept of reverse alphabetical pairs, where the sum of the positions of corresponding letters is 27. In the first pair ZXVT : ACEG, the letter Z (26th) corresponds to A (1st) because 26 + 1 = 27. Similarly, X (24th) corresponds to C (3rd) as 24 + 3 = 27, V (22nd) corresponds to E (5th) as 22 + 5 = 27, and T (20th) corresponds to G (7th) as 20 + 7 = 27.

Following this logic for the group SQOM, we calculate the reverse positions for each letter. For S (19th), the corresponding letter is 27 - 19 = 8, which is H. For Q (17th), the corresponding letter is 27 - 17 = 10, which is J. For O (15th), the corresponding letter is 27 - 15 = 12, which is L. For M (13th), the corresponding letter is 27 - 13 = 14, which is N. This results in the sequence HJLN.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in the first pair follows the mathematical logic n : n(n - 1) or n : n² - n. For the first number 4, the calculation is 4 × (4 - 1) = 4 × 3 = 12. Applying this same pattern to the second number 5, the calculation is 5 × (5 - 1) = 5 × 4 = 20. Alternatively, using the square-based formula, the first pair is 4² - 4 = 12 and the second pair is 5² - 5 = 20.

Explanation

The colors Red, Green, and Yellow are all components of the visible spectrum of light as observed in a rainbow. These colors follow the standard VIBGYOR sequence, representing the primary and secondary colors formed by the dispersion of sunlight. Brown is a composite color that is not part of the rainbow spectrum.

Explanation

The logic for the letter sequences is based on the numerical positions of letters in the English alphabet. In the standard pattern observed, the second letter is determined by adding 3 to the position of the first letter, while the third and fourth letters follow the second in reverse alphabetical order. This pattern can be expressed as n, n+3, n+2, n+1. For instance, F(6) moves to I(9), then H(8) and G(7); J(10) moves to M(13), then L(12) and K(11); and V(22) moves to Y(25), then X(24) and W(23). In the sequence CGFE, the first letter C(3) is followed by G(7), which represents a jump of +4 positions. Because the gap between the first and second letters is 4 rather than 3, this sequence deviates from the rule followed by the others.

Explanation

The set 1, 4, 2, 8 is the odd one out because it does not follow the 4 : 3 : 2 : 5 ratio that defines the relationship between the numbers in the other alternatives. In those groups, the terms represent the sequence (4, 3, 2, 5) scaled by a constant factor, such as 1, 0.5, or 0.25. In option c, the second term is four times the first and the fourth term is eight times the first, which fails to match the required multipliers of 0.75, 0.5, and 1.25 relative to the first number.

Explanation

To arrange words in dictionary order, we compare them letter by letter from left to right. All four words begin with the same first two letters, NE. Comparing the third letters, we have A (in NEAR and NEAT), C (in NECK), and S (in NEST). Since A comes before C and S in the alphabet, NEAR and NEAT appear first. Between NEAR and NEAT, we compare the fourth letters; R comes before T, placing NEAR (4) first and NEAT (3) second. Among the remaining words, the third letter C in NECK (2) precedes the third letter S in NEST (1). Therefore, the correct alphabetical sequence is NEAR, NEAT, NECK, NEST, which corresponds to the numerical order 4, 3, 2, 1.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where each subsequent term is derived by adding 5 to the alphabetical position of each corresponding letter in the previous term.

For the first letter of each term: d (4) +5 i (9) +5 n (14) +5 s (19). For the second letter of each term: e (5) +5 j (10) +5 o (15) +5 t (20). For the third letter of each term: b (2) +5 g (7) +5 l (12) +5 q (17).

The alphabetical positions 19, 20, and 17 correspond to the letters s, t, and q respectively. Furthermore, in each given term (deb, ijg, nol), the second letter is the alphabetical successor of the first (d → e, i → j, n → o), and the third letter is three positions prior to the second (e-3=b, j-3=g, o-3=l). Following this internal logic, the missing term is stq, where s → t and t-3=q.

Explanation

The series follows an alternating arithmetic pattern consisting of two repeating operations. The first term is multiplied by 2 to get the second term, and then 3 is added to the second term to get the third term. This sequence of × 2 followed by +3 continues throughout the series.

The steps are as follows: 5 × 2 = 10 10 + 3 = 13 13 × 2 = 26 26 + 3 = 29 29 × 2 = 58 58 + 3 = 61

Following this established pattern, the next operation after adding 3 is to multiply the previous term by 2. Therefore, the missing term is 61 × 2 = 122.

Explanation

The man follows a pattern where each session of planting and resting takes 1 + 0.5 = 1.5 hours. To find the total number of trees planted in 10 hours, we determine how many such cycles fit into the given time.

Dividing the total time by the cycle duration gives 10 / 1.5 = 6.66. This means the man completes 6 full cycles of planting and resting. Each cycle includes 1 hour of planting, so in 6 cycles, he plants for 6 hours, resulting in 6 × 10 = 60 trees. These 6 cycles consume 6 × 1.5 = 9 hours.

The man has 10 - 9 = 1 hour remaining in his engagement. Since he starts a new planting session after his last 30-minute rest, he spends this final hour planting trees. At a rate of 10 trees per hour, he plants 10 more trees. The total number of trees planted over the 10-hour period is 60 + 10 = 70.

Explanation

Bhola and Dilip are siblings. Golu is the son of Bhola, and Chitra is the daughter of Dilip, which means Golu and Chitra are first cousins. Sheetal is the daughter of Golu, placing her one generation below Golu and Chitra. In kinship relations, the female cousin of a person's father belongs to the parental generation and is categorized as an aunt. Since Chitra is the cousin of Sheetal's father, she is Sheetal's aunt.

Explanation

The word PRONE cannot be formed because it contains the letter R, which is not present in the given word PHOTOSYNTHETIC. While the letters P, O, N, and E are available in the base word, the absence of the letter R makes it impossible to construct PRONE using the provided letters.