SSC CGL Tier 1 2016 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

The logic applied to the sets is that the second number is the digits of the cube of the first number written in reverse order. For the first pair, 6³ = 216, and reversing the digits results in 612. For the second pair, 5³ = 125, which reverses to 521. For the third pair, 4³ = 64, which reverses to 46. In the case of the number 7, the cube is 7³ = 343. Reversing the digits of 343 should yield 343 again. Because the provided value is 543, this pair does not follow the established pattern.

Explanation

Dictionary order is determined by comparing the letters of each word from left to right. All four words share the first two letters De. Comparing the third letter, Deerstalker (3) has e, while the others have f, placing Deerstalker first in the sequence. Among the remaining words beginning with Defe, we compare the fifth letter: Defect (1) has c, whereas Defence (2) and Defensive (4) both have n. Since c precedes n, Defect is the second word. Finally, comparing Defence and Defensive at the sixth letter, c comes before s, making Defence the third word and Defensive the fourth. This results in the final arrangement 3, 1, 2, 4.

Explanation

The series follows a specific increment and decrement pattern for the first and second letters of each term. For the first letters, the numerical positions increase by +2, then +3, and finally +4: A (1) + 2 = C (3), C (3) + 3 = F (6), and F (6) + 4 = J (10). For the second letters, the numerical positions decrease by -2, then -3, and finally -4: Z (26) - 2 = X (24), X (24) - 3 = U (21), and U (21) - 4 = Q (17).

Alternatively, each term consists of alphabetical opposites where the sum of the positions of the two letters equals 27. Following the first letter pattern, the next first letter is J (the 10th letter), and its corresponding opposite letter must be the 17th letter to satisfy 10 + 17 = 27, which is Q. Combining these gives the missing term JQ.

Explanation

The given series follows a multiplication pattern where each successive term is obtained by multiplying the preceding term by a sequence of increasing consecutive integers starting from 2.

The first term 5 is multiplied by 2 to get the second term: 5 × 2 = 10. The second term 10 is multiplied by 3 to get the third term: 10 × 3 = 30. Following this sequence, the third term 30 must be multiplied by 4 to find the missing term: 30 × 4 = 120.

To verify the pattern, the next steps in the sequence continue the progression: The fourth term 120 multiplied by 5 gives the fifth term: 120 × 5 = 600. The fifth term 600 multiplied by 6 gives the sixth term: 600 × 6 = 3600.

The multipliers used in the series are 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

Explanation

Prema and Ajay are siblings, both being the children of Benita. Benjamin is Benita's father, making him the maternal grandfather of Prema. Since Leela is the mother of Benjamin, she is the maternal great-grandmother of Prema. Moving down the generations from Leela, Benjamin represents the first generation (son), Benita represents the second generation (granddaughter), and Prema represents the third generation (great-granddaughter). Thus, Prema is the great-granddaughter of Leela.

Explanation

The original price of the dress is the sum of the amount spent and the amount saved during the sale. Given that the person spent Rs. 45 and saved Rs. 5, the original price of the dress was 45 + 5 = Rs. 50. The percentage of savings is determined by comparing the amount saved to the original price of the item.

Percentage of savings = (Amount Saved)/(Original Price) × 100

Substituting the values into the formula:

Percentage of savings = ⁵⁄₅₀ × 100 = ⅒ × 100 = 10%

Explanation

In the initial 6 litre solution, the concentration of alcohol is 40%, which means the water concentration is 100% - 40% = 60%. The volume of water present in this solution is 6 × 0.60 = 3.6 litres. When 2 litres of pure alcohol are added to the mixture, the new total volume of the solution becomes 6 + 2 = 8 litres. Since only pure alcohol was added, the quantity of water remains 3.6 litres. The final percentage of water is calculated by dividing the volume of water by the total volume of the new solution: (3.6)/(8) × 100 = 45%.

Explanation

The word AMMUNITION can be formed using the letters of COMMUNICATION because all the constituent letters are available in the required frequency. The source word COMMUNICATION contains two Ms, two Ns, two Is, two Os, one A, one U, and one T. To form AMMUNITION, we need one A, two Ms, one U, two Ns, two Is, one T, and one O. Since each of these letters is present in COMMUNICATION in equal or greater quantity than required, the word can be successfully constructed.

Explanation

The coding pattern follows a simple incremental shift where each letter of the word is replaced by the letter immediately following it in the English alphabetical order. In the word HARBOUR, the transformation is H+1=I, A+1=B, R+1=S, B+1=C, O+1=P, U+1=V, and R+1=S.

Applying this same +1 logic to the word HABITAT, we get H+1=I, A+1=B, B+1=C, I+1=J, T+1=U, A+1=B, and T+1=U. Following this sequence, the word HABITAT is coded as IBCJUBU.

Explanation

Based on the logic of mathematical operator substitution, the symbols are redefined as follows: × is replaced by +, + is replaced by ÷, - is replaced by ×, and ÷ is replaced by -.

Substituting these new operators into the original expression 40 × 12 + 3 - 6 ÷ 60 results in the following: 40 + 12 ÷ 3 × 6 - 60

Following the BODMAS rule (Division, Multiplication, Addition, and Subtraction), the calculation is performed in this sequence: First, perform the division 12 ÷ 3 = 4. The expression becomes 40 + 4 × 6 - 60. Second, perform the multiplication 4 × 6 = 24. The expression becomes 40 + 24 - 60. Third, perform the addition 40 + 24 = 64. Finally, perform the subtraction 64 - 60 = 4.

Explanation

The logic follows a pattern where the symbol + is replaced by subtraction (-) and the symbol ÷ is replaced by multiplication (×), with the operations performed in a specific order: (A - B) × C.

Applying this rule to the first equation: (25 - 5) × 2 = 20 × 2 = 40

Applying this rule to the second equation: (35 - 5) × 2 = 30 × 2 = 60

Following the same logic for the required expression: (45 - 5) × 2 = 40 × 2 = 80

Explanation

The driver's movement follows a rectangular path. Initially, he drives 20 km North. Turning left from North puts him in the West direction, where he drives for 30 km to reach his lunch stop. From the lunch stop, another left turn shifts his direction from West to South; he then drives 20 km to reach the evening tea stop. At the evening tea stop, he is facing South. A final left turn from the South direction redirects him toward the East. Therefore, the segment of the journey between evening tea and supper was driven in the East direction.

Explanation

The middle term in the given statements is young. In the first statement, Some managers are young, the term young is the predicate of a particular affirmative (I-type) proposition and is therefore not distributed. In the second statement, All boys are young, the term young is the predicate of a universal affirmative (A-type) proposition and is also not distributed.

In a valid syllogism, the middle term must be distributed in at least one of the premises to establish a logical link between the subject and the predicate of the conclusions. Since the middle term young is undistributed in both statements, this constitutes the fallacy of the undistributed middle. Therefore, no definite relationship can be established between boys and managers, meaning neither conclusion follows.

Explanation

The word PLEASE contains the letter S, which is not present in the given word ENCYCLOPEDIA. Therefore, PLEASE cannot be formed using the available letters.

Explanation

The coding pattern involves shifting each letter of the word one position forward in the English alphabetical sequence. In the word POPULAR, the transformations are P + 1 = Q, O + 1 = P, P + 1 = Q, U + 1 = V, L + 1 = M, A + 1 = B, and R + 1 = S, resulting in QPQVMBS.

Applying this same +1 logic to the word FAMOUS, the sequence is as follows: F + 1 = G, A + 1 = B, M + 1 = N, O + 1 = P, U + 1 = V, and S + 1 = T. Following this systematic increment for every letter, FAMOUS is coded as GBNPVT.

Explanation

The pattern in the given equations involves squaring each individual number in the expression and then concatenating (joining) the resulting squares in the same order. In the first instance, 1 × 3 × 5, we calculate the squares as 1² = 1, 3² = 9, and 5² = 25. Concatenating these results yields 1925. In the second instance, 7 × 9 × 11, we calculate 7² = 49, 9² = 81, and 11² = 121. Concatenating these yields 4981121.

Following the same logic for 19 × 21 × 23, we first find the squares of each number: 19² = 361, 21² = 441, and 23² = 529. When these squares are placed together in sequence, the resulting value is 361441529.

Explanation

By replacing the symbols as per the given instructions, the equation 20 - 4 + 6 ÷ 9 × 4 = 25 transforms into:

20 ÷ 4 × 6 - 9 + 4 = 25

Using the BODMAS rule, operations are performed in the order of Division, Multiplication, Addition, and Subtraction:

First, perform the division: 5 × 6 - 9 + 4 = 25

Next, perform the multiplication: 30 - 9 + 4 = 25

Then, perform the addition: 34 - 9 = 25

Finally, perform the subtraction: 25 = 25

Since the left-hand side equals the right-hand side, the equation is mathematically correct.

Explanation

In a game of carrom, partners sit opposite each other. The given pairs are (P, R) and (S, Q). Since R is facing West, he is positioned on the East side of the board. For a person facing West, the direction to their right is North and the direction to their left is South. The problem states that S is to the right of R, which places S on the North side of the board facing South. Because Q is the partner of S, Q must sit directly opposite S. This positions Q on the South side of the board facing North.

Explanation

The logical deduction follows from the two given premises. The first statement establishes that if a food is nutritious, then it is both delicious and good for health. This can be expressed as Nutritious ⟹ (Delicious ∧ Good for health). The second statement identifies honey as being nutritious (Honey ∈ Nutritious).

By applying the law of syllogism, if honey belongs to the category of nutritious foods, and all nutritious foods are good for health, then honey must be good for health. This confirms that Conclusion I is a direct and necessary logical consequence of the statements.

Conclusion II is not valid because the first statement only establishes that nutritious food is a subset of delicious food. In formal logic, the statement All A are B does not imply that All B are A. While the premises state that everything nutritious is delicious, they do not provide information about whether all delicious items are nutritious. Therefore, only Conclusion I is definitely supported by the provided information.

Explanation

The relationship in this analogy is based on the temporal direction of the action or emotion. To forecast means to predict or estimate an event or trend that will occur in the future. In the same way, regret is a feeling of sadness or remorse regarding an action, event, or decision that has already occurred in the past. While forecasting is a forward-looking action aimed at understanding what is to come, regret is a backward-looking emotion aimed at reflecting on what has already transpired. This establishes a consistent logical link between the act and the specific time period to which it pertains.

Explanation

The relationship between the letters in each group is based on their numerical positions in the English alphabet. For the first pair, DCEF follows the pattern of D(4) -1 C(3) +2 E(5) +1 F(6). Similarly, QPRS follows the same logic: Q(17) -1 P(16) +2 R(18) +1 S(19).

For the second pair, the given set XWYZ follows the identical pattern: X(24) -1 W(23) +2 Y(25) +1 Z(26). To find the missing set, we identify the alternative that adheres to this -1, +2, +1 sequence. NMOP matches this pattern exactly, as the positions are N(14) -1 M(13) +2 O(15) +1 P(16).

Explanation

The relationship follows the logic x : √x + 1. In the first pair, the square root of 121 is 11, and adding 1 to it results in 11 + 1 = 12. Applying the same pattern to the second pair, the square root of 25 is 5. Adding 1 to this value gives 5 + 1 = 6.

Explanation

Tomato is the odd one out because it grows above the ground as a fruit. In contrast, potatoes, ginger, and carrots all develop beneath the soil as underground modifications of plant structures, such as tubers, rhizomes, or taproots. This fundamental difference in the growth habit and biological classification distinguishes the tomato from the other items in the group.

Explanation

The standard pattern followed by the letter sequences is a constant increment of +2 between the positions of consecutive letters in the English alphabet. In ACEG, the positions are 1, 3, 5, and 7. In HJLN, the positions are 8, 10, 12, and 14. In TVXZ, the positions are 20, 22, 24, and 26. In all these cases, the difference between any two adjacent letters is exactly 2. However, for KMPN, the alphabetical positions are K=11, M=13, P=16, and N=14. The gaps between these letters are +2, +3, and -2 respectively, which deviates from the uniform +2 pattern seen in the other options.

Explanation

The pair 45-74 is the odd one out because it does not follow the digit-reversal pattern. In this logic, the second number must be formed by reversing the order of the digits of the first number. For the number 45, swapping the tens digit 4 and the units digit 5 results in the value 54. The provided value 74 does not equal 54, violating the rule where a number 10x + y is transformed into 10y + x.

Explanation

Dictionary order is determined by comparing words letter by letter from left to right. All five words begin with the prefix Tor. Comparing the fourth letters, Torque has q, Torrid has r, Torso has s, and both Tortoise and Tortuous have t. Since q precedes r, r precedes s, and s precedes t in the alphabet, the first three words in order are Torque (4), Torrid (2), and Torso (3). To differentiate between Tortoise (1) and Tortuous (5), the fifth letters must be compared. Tortoise has o and Tortuous has u. Because o appears before u in the alphabet, Tortoise (1) comes before Tortuous (5). This results in the final alphabetical sequence 4, 2, 3, 1, 5.

Explanation

The series follows a specific alphabetical pattern for each letter position in the triplets. For the first letter, the sequence moves backward by one position in the alphabet: P → O → N → M → L.

For the second letter, the sequence moves forward by two positions: M → O → Q → S → U.

For the third letter, the sequence moves backward by one position: T → S → R → Q → P.

Combining these results, the next term in the series is LUP.

Explanation

The series follows an arithmetic progression where each term is generated by adding a constant common difference d to the previous term. By subtracting the first term from the second: d = 309 - 206 = 103 Checking the next pair: 412 - 309 = 103 Since the common difference is 103, the missing term is calculated by adding 103 to the third term: 412 + 103 = 515 This pattern is confirmed by the subsequent term, as 515 + 103 = 618. Alternatively, the series can be viewed as the hundreds digit increasing by 1 (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) while the last two digits increase by 3 (06, 09, 12, 15, 18, 21), which also results in 515.

Explanation

The phrase the only son of his mother refers directly to Rajesh himself, as a woman's only son is the individual in question. Sunita states that this person is her father. By substituting Rajesh for the phrase, the statement becomes Rajesh is my father. Since Rajesh is Sunita's father, Sunita is the daughter of Rajesh.

Explanation

To determine the position of B relative to D, we analyze the distances given between the individuals standing in the line. Let the position of each person be represented on a linear scale where movement to the right is positive and movement to the left is negative.

According to the first condition, E is standing 40 metres left to B, which implies that B is 40 metres to the right of E. This can be expressed as P(B) = P(E) + 40. The third condition states that D is standing 20 metres to the right of E, which can be expressed as P(D) = P(E) + 20.

To find the position of B from D, we calculate the difference between their positions: P(B) - P(D) = (P(E) + 40) - (P(E) + 20) P(B) - P(D) = 20

Since the result is a positive 20, B is standing 20 metres to the right of D. The additional information regarding A and C is consistent with the arrangement but is not required to solve for the specific distance between D and B.

Explanation

The word ROUTE cannot be formed because it contains the letter U. When examining the constituent letters of the word COMFORTABLE, which are C, O, M, F, O, R, T, A, B, L, and E, it is evident that the letter U is missing. Since a word can only be formed using the specific letters available in the source word, the absence of the letter U makes the formation of ROUTE impossible.

Explanation

The coding logic follows the sum of the positional values of the letters in the English alphabet, where A = 1, B = 2, and so on. In the case of AND, the positions are A = 1, N = 14, and D = 4. Adding these values together gives 1 + 14 + 4 = 19. To find the value for ANT, we identify the positions as A = 1, N = 14, and T = 20. The sum of these positions is 1 + 14 + 20 = 35.

Explanation

Following the instructions to replace the mathematical operators, the given expression 8 + 4 ÷ 3 × 5 - 9 is transformed by substituting + with ÷, ÷ with -, × with +, and - with ×. The new expression becomes 8 ÷ 4 - 3 + 5 × 9. According to the BODMAS rule, operations are performed in the order of Division, Multiplication, Addition, and then Subtraction. First, the division 8 ÷ 4 results in 2. Next, the multiplication 5 × 9 results in 45. Substituting these results back into the expression gives 2 - 3 + 45. Combining the positive terms results in 47 - 3, which yields a final value of 44.

Explanation

The given system follows a pattern where the digits of the numbers being multiplied are rearranged to form the result. For any set of three numbers in the form x × y × z, the result is represented by the concatenated digits in the sequence x, z, y.

In the first example, 8 × 5 × 0 = 805, the first digit 8 remains in the first position, the third digit 0 moves to the second position, and the second digit 5 moves to the last position. Similarly, in 7 × 4 × 6 = 764, the first digit 7 is followed by the third digit 6 and then the second digit 4.

Applying this logic to the target equation 6 × 8 × 9, we arrange the digits as 6 followed by 9 and then 8, resulting in 698.

Explanation

The movement of Anitha can be calculated by tracking the net displacement in the North-South and East-West directions. Let the starting point be (0, 0). Walking 20 km North brings her to (0, 20). Turning right and walking 30 km East moves her to (30, 20). Turning right again and walking 35 km South leads to the position (30, 20 - 35), which is (30, -15). Turning left from a Southward facing direction means moving East; walking 15 km East brings her to (30 + 15, -15), which is (45, -15). Finally, turning left from an Eastward facing direction means moving North; walking 15 km North results in the final position (45, -15 + 15), which simplifies to (45, 0). Since the net vertical displacement is zero and the net horizontal displacement is 45 km to the right, she is located due East from her starting point.

Explanation

The logical relationship established by the statements is a categorical syllogism of the form Celarent. The first premise establishes that the set of Men and the set of Monkeys are mutually exclusive, represented as M ∩ K = ∅. The second premise states that Hari belongs to the set of Men, represented as H ∈ M. By the principle of logical deduction, if an element belongs to a set that has no intersection with another set, that element cannot belong to the second set. Since Hari is a man and no man is a monkey, it is a necessary logical consequence that Hari is not a monkey, making Conclusion I valid. Conclusion II does not follow because the fact that Hari is a man confirms there is at least one man who is Hari, which contradicts the universal negative claim that no men are Hari.

Explanation

The relationship established in the first pair is that a calendar is a reference source specifically used to organize and look up dates. Applying the same logic to the second pair, a dictionary is a reference source specifically used to organize and look up the meanings, spellings, and usage of words. Since dates are the primary components listed within a calendar, words are the primary components listed within a dictionary.

Explanation

The relationship between the first two sets of letters is a constant shift of +1 for each corresponding position in the sequence. Applying this logic:

A +1 = B C +1 = D E +1 = F G +1 = H

Following the same pattern for the third set, PRTV:

P +1 = Q R +1 = S T +1 = U V +1 = W

This results in the sequence QSUW.

Explanation

The relationship in the given analogy follows the logic that the second number is the square of the first number (x : x²). For the first pair, the calculation is 15² = 225. Applying the same mathematical rule to the second pair, the missing number is found by squaring 12, which results in 12² = 144.

Explanation

History and Mathematics represent two separate and independent academic disciplines at the same hierarchical level. In this pair, both terms are coordinate entities belonging to the same broad category of subjects, rather than being linked by a relationship of inclusion, classification, or functional hierarchy. Unlike the other alternatives where one term is a subset, component, or functional dependent of the other, these two are distinct and parallel fields of study.

Explanation

The letters in PRT follow a +2, +2 positional increment pattern in the English alphabet. Based on the numerical positions of the letters, where P = 16, R = 18, and T = 20, the logic is defined by 16 + 2 = 18 and 18 + 2 = 20. This varies from the common pattern shared by the rest of the groups, which follow a +3, +2 increment system where the gap between the first and second letters is three positions and the gap between the second and third letters is two positions.

Explanation

The numbers 343, 64, and 27 are all perfect cubes of natural numbers. Specifically, 343 = 7³, 64 = 4³, and 27 = 3³. The number 75 is not a perfect cube of any integer, as the perfect cubes closest to it are 64 (which is 4³) and 125 (which is 5³). Since 75 lacks the mathematical property of being a perfect cube that characterizes the other values in the set, it is the odd number.

Explanation

To arrange the words in dictionary order, we compare them letter by letter from left to right. All five words begin with the letter D. Comparing the second letters, words 1, 2, 3, and 4 have r, while word 5 has u. Since r precedes u in the alphabet, Duster (5) must be the last word in the sequence.

Among the words starting with Dru, we compare their fourth letters. Drubbing (2) has b, Drudgery (4) has d, Drum (1) has m, and Drunken (3) has n. Arranging these fourth letters in alphabetical order gives b, d, m, and then n. Consequently, Drubbing (2) comes first, followed by Drudgery (4), then Drum (1), and finally Drunken (3). Combining this with the position of Duster (5) results in the order 2, 4, 1, 3, 5.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where each term is derived by applying specific increments to the preceding letters based on their positions in the English alphabet.

The first letters of the terms follow the sequence B(2), D(4), F(6). The increment is +2 for each step (2+2=4; 4+2=6). The next letter is 6+2=8, which corresponds to H.

The second letters of the terms follow the sequence M(13), N(14), O(15). The increment is +1 for each step (13+1=14; 14+1=15). The next letter is 15+1=16, which corresponds to P.

The third letters of the terms follow the sequence Y(25), W(23), U(21). The increment is -2 for each step (25-2=23; 23-2=21). The next letter is 21-2=19, which corresponds to S.

Combining these results, the next term in the series is HPS.

Explanation

The given series consists of pairs of consecutive prime numbers. The sequence of prime numbers is 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, and so on. Each term in the series is represented by the pair (pₙ, pₙ₊₁), where pₙ is the nᵗʰ prime number. The first term is (2, 3), the second is (3, 5), and the third is (5, 7). Following this mathematical progression, the missing fourth term is the pair formed by the fourth prime number, 7, and the fifth prime number, 11. This results in the term (7, 11), which correctly completes the sequence before the final term (11, 13).

Explanation

The total distance from the starting point can be determined by tracking the directional movements on a coordinate system. Initially, the movement is 5 km East. Turning right from East means heading South for 8 km. Subsequently, turning left from South means heading East again for 5 km. Finally, turning left from East means heading North for 8 km.

To find the net distance from the start, we sum the horizontal and vertical components separately. The horizontal movement consists of two segments of 5 km each toward the East, totaling 5 + 5 = 10 km. The vertical movement consists of 8 km South followed by 8 km North, which cancels out as 8 - 8 = 0 km. Therefore, the final position is exactly 10 km East of the starting point.

Explanation

Based on the statements provided, we can establish the height relations using inequalities. Pankaj is taller than Vinod (Pankaj > Vinod) and Pramod is also taller than Vinod (Pramod > Vinod). However, it is specifically stated that Pramod is shorter than Pankaj (Pankaj > Pramod), which places Pankaj above both Pramod and Vinod. Regarding the others, Vinod is taller than Usha (Vinod > Usha) and Usha is taller than Priyanka (Usha > Priyanka). By combining these observations, the descending order of height is Pankaj > Pramod > Vinod > Usha > Priyanka. Consequently, Pankaj occupies the top position in the height hierarchy.

Explanation

The word Summit requires the letter I to be formed. Upon examining the letters available in the word MEASUREMENT, which are M, E, A, S, U, R, E, M, E, N, T, it is evident that the letter I is entirely absent. Because a word can only be formed using the specific letters provided in the source word, Summit cannot be constructed from MEASUREMENT.

Explanation

To determine the code for go, compare the two given phrases: go home (ta na) and nice little home (na ja pa). The word home is present in both phrases. Correspondingly, the code na is the only common element between the two sets of codes, which identifies na as the code for home. In the first phrase go home, which corresponds to ta na, since na represents home, the remaining code ta must represent the word go.

Explanation

To solve the expression, replace the alphabetical codes with their respective mathematical operators: Q represents multiplication (×), P represents division (÷), R represents addition (+), and S represents subtraction (-).

Substituting these into the given expression 18Q12P4R5S6: 18 × 12 ÷ 4 + 5 - 6

Applying the BODMAS rule, perform the division first: 18 × 3 + 5 - 6

Next, perform the multiplication: 54 + 5 - 6

Finally, perform the addition and subtraction: 59 - 6 = 53