SSC CGL Tier 1 2016 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

Psychology is the branch of science that involves the scientific study of the human mind and behavior. Similarly, Ornithology is the specific branch of zoology that is dedicated to the scientific study of birds, including their physiology, classification, and ecology.

Explanation

The relationship between the terms is based on a simple alphabetical shift where each letter in the first group is replaced by its immediate successor. In the sequence EGIK : FHJL, every letter follows the pattern of n + 1 in the alphabet: E + 1 = F, G + 1 = H, I + 1 = J, and K + 1 = L. Applying this same logic to the term MOQS, we increment each letter by one position: M + 1 = N, O + 1 = P, Q + 1 = R, and S + 1 = T. This systematic transformation leads directly to the sequence NPRT.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in the first pair is determined by reversing the order of the digits. In the number 147, the digits are 1, 4, and 7; when written in reverse order, the number becomes 741. Applying this same logic to the number 869, the sequence of digits 8, 6, and 9 is reversed to form the number 968.

Explanation

A flower is a specific part or reproductive organ of a plant, whereas herbs, trees, and shrubs are distinct categories of plants classified based on their physical characteristics such as size, height, and the nature of their stems. While the other three terms describe the entire plant organism, a flower is merely a component that exists within those organisms.

Explanation

The letter group WXZ is the odd one out because it contains only three letters, while the other groups contain four. Furthermore, it fails to follow the pattern of consecutive alphabetical order. While other groups consist of four letters with a constant difference of +1 between each successive letter, WXZ has a gap between X and Z. In the alphabetical sequence, W is the 23rd letter, X is the 24th, and Z is the 26th, representing an increment of +1 followed by an increment of +2.

Explanation

The pair (63, 162) is the odd one out because it does not follow the mathematical pattern where both numbers in the pair are multiples of 17 and have a difference of 51. In the other pairs, the relationship between the numbers x and y is defined by the formula y - x = 51, and both values are divisible by 17. Specifically, the difference 51 is itself a multiple of 17 (17 × 3). For the pair (63, 162), the difference is 162 - 63 = 99, and both numbers are multiples of 9 rather than 17. This deviation from both the specific prime factor and the constant difference criteria distinguishes this pair as the exception.

Explanation

Dictionary order is determined by comparing letters from left to right. All words begin with the prefix Or. Looking at the third letter, Organ, Organic, and Organise contain G, while Orient and Origin contain I. Since G precedes I in the alphabet, the group containing Organ comes first. Within this group, Organ (1) is the root word and appears first. Comparing Organic and Organise, the sixth letters are C and I; as C comes before I, Organic (4) precedes Organise (5). Turning to the remaining words, Orient and Origin both start with Ori. Comparing their fourth letters, E and G, E comes first, placing Orient (3) before Origin (2). The resulting sequence is 1, 4, 5, 3, 2.

Explanation

The series consists of 18 positions including the gaps. By placing the letters tstttr sequentially into the gaps, the series becomes tsrstrtsrstrtsrstr. This completed series follows a clear repeating pattern of the six-letter unit tsrstr. When the 18 characters are divided into three equal blocks of six, the pattern emerges as tsrstr / tsrstr / tsrstr. The letters from the chosen set fill the first, fourth, seventh, eleventh, thirteenth, and eighteenth positions to maintain this periodic sequence throughout.

Explanation

The series follows an alternating mathematical pattern of multiplication and division. Starting with the first term 43, it is multiplied by 4 to obtain the second term 172. The second term is then divided by 2 to result in the third term 86. This pattern repeats: the third term 86 is multiplied by 4 to reach the fourth term 344. To find the missing number, the fourth term must be divided by 2.

43 × 4 = 172 172 ÷ 2 = 86 86 × 4 = 344 344 ÷ 2 = 172

Explanation

A is the sister of B, establishing that A and B belong to the same generation as siblings. G is the daughter of B and D. Since G is the child of A's sibling, the relationship of G to A is that of a niece. In kinship terminology, a niece is specifically defined as the daughter of one's brother or sister.

Explanation

Let V, A, and T represent the ages of Vivek, Anil, and Tarun respectively. The problem states that the age difference between Vivek and Anil is equal to the age difference between Anil and Tarun, which can be expressed as V - A = A - T. Rearranging this equation gives V + T = 2A. This shows that Anil's age is the arithmetic mean of Vivek's and Tarun's ages. Given that the sum of the ages of Vivek and Tarun is V + T = 48 years, we substitute this value into the equation to get 48 = 2A. Solving for A yields A = 48 / 2 = 24.

Explanation

The word ANALOGY cannot be formed from the letters of CHRONOLOGICAL because the letter Y is completely absent from the base word. Furthermore, ANALOGY requires two instances of the letter A, but CHRONOLOGICAL only provides a single letter A.

Explanation

The coding pattern follows an alternating sequence of subtracting 2 and adding 2 to the alphabetical position of each letter in the word. For the word HOUSE, the transformation is as follows: H (8) - 2 = 6 (F) O (15) + 2 = 17 (Q) U (21) - 2 = 19 (S) S (19) + 2 = 21 (U) E (5) - 2 = 3 (C)

Applying this same -2, +2 pattern to the word CHAIR: C (3) - 2 = 1 (A) H (8) + 2 = 10 (J) A (1) - 2 = 25 (Y) (moving backward from A results in Z then Y) I (9) + 2 = 11 (K) R (18) - 2 = 16 (P)

Following this systematic shift, the code for CHAIR is AJYKP.

Explanation

Substituting the given operators into the expression 18Q12P4R5S6, we replace Q with ×, P with ÷, R with +, and S with -. This results in the following numerical expression:

18 × 12 ÷ 4 + 5 - 6

According to the BODMAS rule, operations are performed in the order of Division, Multiplication, Addition, and then Subtraction.

First, perform the division: 12 ÷ 4 = 3. The expression now becomes: 18 × 3 + 5 - 6.

Next, perform the multiplication: 18 × 3 = 54. The expression now becomes: 54 + 5 - 6.

Then, perform the addition: 54 + 5 = 59. The expression now becomes: 59 - 6.

Finally, perform the subtraction: 59 - 6 = 53.

Explanation

The logic applied in the given equations is the sum of the squares of the two numbers. For the first equation, 4² + 3² = 16 + 9 = 25. Similarly, for the second equation, 8² + 4² = 64 + 16 = 80. Following the same pattern for the required calculation, the sum of the squares of the digits is 3² + 2² = 9 + 4 = 13.

Explanation

Ramesh begins by walking North. A right turn from the North direction shifts his orientation 90 degrees clockwise to the East. After walking 1 kilometre East, he takes another right turn, which shifts his orientation another 90 degrees clockwise. Turning right from East results in facing South. He then walks 2 kilometres in this final direction, meaning he is facing South.

Explanation

The statements identify two distinct groups that can fail: irregular students, since irregularity is a cause for failure, and a portion of regular students, as explicitly stated. Because failure occurs in both groups, the claim that all failed students are regular is logically unsupported. Furthermore, the statements focus entirely on the causes and instances of failure and provide no information regarding the characteristics of successful students. There is no evidence to suggest that successful students must be irregular. Therefore, neither conclusion can be derived from the given premises.

Explanation

Aestivation is a state of animal dormancy characterized by inactivity and a lowered metabolic rate, which is entered in response to high temperatures and arid conditions during the summer. Similarly, hibernation is the state of inactivity and metabolic depression used by animals to survive the cold temperatures and food scarcity associated with the winter. The relationship follows the pattern of a season paired with its corresponding biological dormancy period.

Explanation

The relationship between the sets of letters is based on a constant positional shift in the English alphabet. By converting the letters of the first pair into their corresponding numerical positions (A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26), we observe the following transformation from BFJ to NRV:

B (2) + 12 = N (14) F (6) + 12 = R (18) J (10) + 12 = V (22)

Each letter is shifted forward by 12 positions. Applying the same +12 logic to the letters in DHL:

D (4) + 12 = P (16) H (8) + 12 = T (20) L (12) + 12 = X (24)

The resulting letters corresponding to positions 16, 20, and 24 are P, T, and X respectively.

Explanation

The pattern follows the logic x : x × (x + 1), where the first number is multiplied by its consecutive successor. For the first term, 5 × (5 + 1) = 5 × 6 = 30. Applying the same mathematical rule to the second term, we calculate 7 × (7 + 1) = 7 × 8 = 56. This can also be expressed by the formula x : x² + x, giving 5² + 5 = 30 and 7² + 7 = 56.

Explanation

The throat is a muscular tube that serves as a passage for food, liquid, and air, and it is not considered one of the five primary sense organs. In the human body, the eye, ear, and skin are specialized sensory organs responsible for the primary senses of sight, hearing, and touch, respectively. The traditional five sense organs include the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin, making the throat the odd one out in this group.

Explanation

The pattern followed in the alternatives is the use of three consecutive letters of the alphabet in sequence, with the middle letter being repeated. If the numerical position of the first letter is represented by n, the pattern for the sequence is n, (n+1), (n+1), (n+2). In the sequence WYYZ, the first letter W is at position 23, but the next letter Y is at position 25, skipping the consecutive letter X at position 24. This deviation from the n, n+1, n+1, n+2 logic makes it the odd one out compared to the others which strictly follow the alphabetical order.

Explanation

The numbers 16, 4, and 36 are perfect squares of integers, as they can be expressed as 4², 2², and 6² respectively. The number 2 is not a perfect square of any integer, which distinguishes it from the other numbers in the set.

Explanation

Dictionary order is determined by comparing letters sequentially from left to right. In the word Carrier, the second letter a precedes r alphabetically. For words starting with the prefix C-a-r, the fourth letter r precedes t. When comparing words that share the first four letters C-a-r-r, the fifth letter i appears in the alphabet before o.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where each subsequent letter is determined by subtracting 3 from the numerical position of the preceding letter in the English alphabet, where A=1, B=2, ..., and Z=26. The positions are calculated as follows:

T = 20 Q = 20 - 3 = 17 N = 17 - 3 = 14 K = 14 - 3 = 11 H = 11 - 3 = 8 E = 8 - 3 = 5 B = 5 - 3 = 2 Y = 2 - 3 = -1 (which is 26 - 1 = 25 in a circular alphabet) V = 25 - 3 = 22 S = 22 - 3 = 19 P = 19 - 3 = 16

To find the next three terms, continue subtracting 3 from the last known position: 16 - 3 = 13, which corresponds to the letter M. 13 - 3 = 10, which corresponds to the letter J. 10 - 3 = 7, which corresponds to the letter G.

The sequence of missing letters is MJG.

Explanation

The series follows the recursive logic where each term is obtained by multiplying the preceding term by 2 and adding 3. The pattern is defined by the formula Tₙ = (Tₙ₋₁ × 2) + 3. Applying this to the sequence: 9 × 2 + 3 = 21 21 × 2 + 3 = 45 45 × 2 + 3 = 93 93 × 2 + 3 = 189 189 × 2 + 3 = 381

Alternatively, the difference between consecutive terms forms a geometric progression where the common ratio is 2. The differences are 21 - 9 = 12, 45 - 21 = 24, and 93 - 45 = 48. Following this pattern, the next difference must be 48 × 2 = 96. Adding this to the fourth term gives 93 + 96 = 189.

Explanation

The relationship in the given analogy follows the pattern of a professional noun and its corresponding action verb. An aviator is an individual who aviates, which means to fly or navigate an aircraft. Similarly, a senator is a member of a senate or a legislative assembly. The primary duty and characteristic action associated with the role of a senator is to legislate, which refers to the act of making or enacting laws within a governing body.

Explanation

The relationship can be determined by breaking down the phrase step by step from the speaker's perspective. Rajan says the girl is the daughter of his mother's daughter. Rajan's mother's daughter is his sister. Therefore, the girl is the daughter of Rajan's sister. By definition, a sister's daughter is a niece.

Explanation

M is the brother of N and D, and B is also the brother of N. This sequence establishes that M, N, B, and D are all siblings belonging to the same generation. In any sibling group, a member must be either a brother or a sister to the others. Since the statement specifies that N is not the brother of D, N must be the female sibling in the group. Consequently, N is the sister of D.

Explanation

The word CONTRACT cannot be formed from the letters of COMMENTATOR because CONTRACT requires two occurrences of the letter C, whereas the source word COMMENTATOR contains only one letter C. Since the available frequency of a letter must be equal to or greater than its frequency in the target word, the absence of a second C prevents the formation of CONTRACT.

Explanation

The coding logic involves splitting the eight-letter word into two equal halves of four letters each. The first half is reversed, while the second half remains unchanged.

In the word MOMENTUM, the first four letters M-O-M-E are reversed to E-M-O-M, and the remaining letters N-T-U-M are kept as they are, resulting in the code EMOMNTUM.

Applying the same rule to the word MAGNETIC: The first four letters are M-A-G-N. Reversing these letters gives N-G-A-M. The last four letters are E-T-I-C, which remain in their original positions. Combining these two parts results in the code NGAMETIC.

Explanation

The given letters represent mathematical operations where L represents addition (+), M represents subtraction (-), N represents multiplication (×), and P represents division (÷). Substituting these values into the expression, we get:

14 × 10 + 42 ÷ 2 - 8

According to the BODMAS rule, the operations are performed in the order of Division, Multiplication, Addition, and Subtraction.

First, perform the division: 42 ÷ 2 = 21 The expression becomes 14 × 10 + 21 - 8.

Next, perform the multiplication: 14 × 10 = 140 The expression becomes 140 + 21 - 8.

Finally, perform the addition and subtraction: 140 + 21 = 161 161 - 8 = 153

Explanation

The pattern followed in these operations is the arithmetic mean of the two given numbers. For any expression A * B, the result is calculated as (A + B) / 2.

Applying this to the given examples: For 13 * 45: (13 + 45) / 2 = 58 / 2 = 29 For 24 * 58: (24 + 58) / 2 = 82 / 2 = 41 For 74 * 32: (74 + 32) / 2 = 106 / 2 = 53

Following the same logic for the required calculation: For 97 * 47: (97 + 47) / 2 = 144 / 2 = 72

Explanation

The pattern observed in the grid is that the value in the fourth row of each column is the sum of the cubes of the values in the first three rows of that column.

For the first column, the calculation is 2³ + 1³ + 3³ = 8 + 1 + 27 = 36.

For the third column, the calculation is 0³ + 4³ + 3³ = 0 + 64 + 27 = 91.

Following this logic for the second column, the missing number is calculated as 4³ + 2³ + 1³ = 64 + 8 + 1 = 73.

Explanation

The change in directions follows a consistent angular rotation across the compass. In the standard cardinal system, the positions are North (0°), North-East (45°), East (90°), South-East (135°), South (180°), South-West (225°), West (270°), and North-West (315°).

The problem states that South-East (135°) becomes North (0°), which represents an anti-clockwise rotation of 135°. This pattern is verified by the change of North-East (45°) to West (270°), which is also an anti-clockwise rotation of 135° calculated as 45° - 135° = -90° (equivalent to 270°).

To determine the new direction for South (180°), apply the same 135° anti-clockwise rotation: 180° - 135° = 45° The direction located at 45° in the original compass is North-East.

Explanation

The statements can be represented using set notation where M represents mangoes, G represents golden-coloured things, and C represents cheap things. The first statement establishes that M ⊆ G (all mangoes are golden). The second statement establishes that G ∩ C = ∅ (no golden things are cheap). By logical syllogism, specifically the Celarent form, if all M are G and no G are C, then it follows that no M are C (M ∩ C = ∅). Since all mangoes are golden-coloured, the golden-coloured mangoes mentioned in conclusion II belong to the set M. Because no member of set M can be cheap based on the combined premises, the conclusion that golden-coloured mangoes are not cheap is logically certain.

Explanation

The relationship between the first two sets of letters follows a consistent addition pattern in the English alphabet. Specifically, each letter in the first cluster ABDG is shifted forward by two positions to arrive at the corresponding letter in the second cluster CDFI. This is represented by A + 2 = C, B + 2 = D, D + 2 = F, and G + 2 = I. Applying this same logical pattern to the cluster EFHK, we calculate the next sequence as E + 2 = G, F + 2 = H, H + 2 = J, and K + 2 = M. Therefore, the related word is GHJM.

Explanation

The relationship follows the pattern of n² ± 1 using consecutive odd numbers starting from 5. The first term is 5² + 1 = 26, and the second term is 7² - 1 = 48. Following this sequence, the third term is 9² + 1 = 82. To maintain the pattern of increasing the base by 2 and alternating the sign, the missing number must be 11² - 1, which equals 121 - 1 = 120.

Explanation

The horse is categorized as a draught animal or a beast of burden, primarily used for transportation, riding, and pulling loads. In contrast, cows, buffaloes, and goats are classified as milch animals because they are primarily domesticated for the production of milk for human consumption. Furthermore, cows, buffaloes, and goats are ruminants with complex four-chambered stomachs, whereas the horse is a non-ruminant with a simple stomach.

Explanation

The pattern followed in the sequences is a constant addition of +2 to the numerical position of each letter in the English alphabet. For the sequence RTVW, the positional values are R = 18, T = 20, V = 22, and W = 23. While the transitions from R to T and T to V maintain the +2 increment (18 + 2 = 20 and 20 + 2 = 22), the final transition from V to W is an increment of only +1 (22 + 1 = 23). This deviation from the established +2 pattern makes this sequence the odd one out.

Explanation

The number 93 is a composite number because it is divisible by 3 and 31 (93 = 3 × 31), whereas 79, 97, and 89 are all prime numbers.

Explanation

To arrange words in dictionary order, we compare the letters of each word from left to right. All four words start with the same first three letters, E-y-e. Comparing the fourth letter, l (found in Eyelid and Eyeless) comes before s (found in Eyesore and Eyesight) in the alphabet. Between Eyelid and Eyeless, we look at the fifth letter; e in Eyeless precedes i in Eyelid, so Eyeless (2) comes before Eyelid (1). Between Eyesore and Eyesight, the fifth letter i in Eyesight precedes o in Eyesore, meaning Eyesight (4) comes before Eyesore (3). Combining these results, the correct alphabetical sequence is 2, 1, 4, 3.

Explanation

The series follows a specific pattern for each letter position within the triplets.

For the first letter of each term, the sequence is N +2 P +2 R. Moving forward by two positions from R in the English alphabet results in the letter T.

For the second letter of each term, the sequence is O +2 Q +2 S. Moving forward by two positions from S in the English alphabet results in the letter U.

For the third letter of each term, the sequence is A +1 B +1 C. Moving forward by one position from C in the English alphabet results in the letter D.

Combining these increments, the missing term in the sequence is TUD.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where the difference between consecutive terms increases by a constant value of 2. Calculating the differences between the given terms shows 18 - 10 = 8, 28 - 18 = 10, and 40 - 28 = 12. The differences themselves form an arithmetic progression: 8, 10, 12, ... where each step adds 2. To find the next term in the main series, the next difference in the sequence must be 12 + 2 = 14. Adding this value to the last term results in 40 + 14 = 54.

Explanation

Let the present age of the son be x years. Based on the given information, the father's present age is 4x years. Four years ago, the son's age was (x - 4) and the father's age was (4x - 4). The relationship at that time is expressed by the equation:

4x - 4 = 8(x - 4)

Expanding and solving for x: 4x - 4 = 8x - 32 8x - 4x = 32 - 4 4x = 28 x = 7

The present age of the son is 7 years.

Explanation

The relationship in the analogy is between a professional and the specific institution or place they manage. A Jailor is the person in charge of overseeing the administration and security of a Prison. Following the same logic, a Curator is the administrative head or official responsible for managing and supervising the collections and operations within a Museum.

Explanation

The relationship between the first and second letter groups is established by a constant shift of +3 in the alphabetical position of each letter. In the pair FED : IHG, the transformation is as follows: F (6) + 3 = I (9), E (5) + 3 = H (8), and D (4) + 3 = G (7). Applying this same logic to the group TSR, we shift each letter forward by three positions: T (20) + 3 = W (23), S (19) + 3 = V (22), and R (18) + 3 = U (21). This yields the related group WVU.

Explanation

The relationship follows the mathematical pattern n² : (n+2)². In the first ratio, the number 9 is 3², and the corresponding term 25 is (3+2)² = 5². For the second ratio, the number 49 is 7². Applying the same logic where the base of the square increases by 2, the missing term is (7+2)² = 9² = 81. This pattern identifies the terms as squares of consecutive odd integers.

Explanation

A Manager represents a functional role or a specific designation within a corporate or organizational hierarchy focused on administration and supervision. Unlike a Teacher, Lawyer, or Doctor, the title of Manager is not defined as a specialized profession that strictly requires a mandatory professional license or specific statutory certification to practice. The others are recognized as regulated professional vocations where individuals provide direct expert services to the public based on their formal professional qualifications.

Explanation

The letter sequence in this option follows a positional pattern of +2 and -4 based on the English alphabet. Using the numerical positions R=18, T=20, and P=16, the relationship is 18 + 2 = 20 and 20 - 4 = 16. All other letter groups share a uniform pattern of +1 and -3, where the second letter is the immediate successor of the first and the third letter is three places before the second.