SSC CGL Tier 1 2013 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where the numerical positions of the letters in the English alphabet (A = 1, B = 2, …, Z = 26) are decreased by a sequence of descending integers. Starting with X, which is the 24ᵗʰ letter, the subsequent terms are calculated as follows:

24 (X) - 7 = 17 (Q) 17 (Q) - 6 = 11 (K) 11 (K) - 5 = 6 (F)

The values subtracted are 7, 6, and 5. Following this decreasing order, the next value to be subtracted is 4. Subtracting 4 from the positional value of F (6) results in 6 - 4 = 2. The 2ⁿᵈ letter in the alphabet is B.

Explanation

The series follows the recursive formula aₙ = 2aₙ₋₁ + 1. Substituting the values from the sequence shows that 11 = (2 × 5) + 1, 23 = (2 × 11) + 1, 47 = (2 × 23) + 1, and 95 = (2 × 47) + 1. Applying this pattern to find the missing term, we calculate 2 × 95 + 1 = 190 + 1 = 191.

Alternatively, the pattern can be identified by looking at the differences between consecutive terms: 11 - 5 = 6, 23 - 11 = 12, 47 - 23 = 24, and 95 - 47 = 48. The differences form a geometric progression where each difference is twice the previous one (6, 12, 24, 48 …). The next difference in the sequence is 48 × 2 = 96. Adding this to the last term gives 95 + 96 = 191.

Explanation

The series follows a consistent pattern where each letter in a term is incremented by two positions in the alphabetical order to obtain the corresponding letter in the next term.

For the first letter of each term, the sequence is B, D, F, which corresponds to the alphabetical positions 2, 4, 6. Adding 2 to the last position gives 8, which corresponds to the letter H.

For the second letter, the sequence is E, G, I, corresponding to positions 5, 7, 9. Adding 2 to the last position gives 11, which corresponds to the letter K.

For the third letter, the sequence is A, C, E, corresponding to positions 1, 3, 5. Adding 2 to the last position gives 7, which corresponds to the letter G.

For the fourth letter, the sequence is G, I, K, corresponding to positions 7, 9, 11. Adding 2 to the last position gives 13, which corresponds to the letter M.

Following this +2 logic for every letter position results in the term HKGM.

Explanation

The given series 20, 29, 38, 47, ... follows the logic of an arithmetic progression, where each successive term is generated by adding a fixed constant to the preceding term. This constant, known as the common difference d, can be identified by subtracting any term from its successor. Calculating the differences between the provided terms yields 29 - 20 = 9, 38 - 29 = 9, and 47 - 38 = 9. Since the difference is consistently 9, the series maintains a uniform increase. To find the missing fifth term, the same common difference must be added to the fourth term of the sequence. Applying the arithmetic addition, 47 + 9 = 56, which identifies the missing value in the series.

Explanation

To find the displacement from the starting point, we calculate the total net distance moved in the cardinal directions. The man moves 4 km North and then another 4 km North, resulting in a total northward displacement of 4 + 4 = 8 km. He also moves 6 km due East. These two perpendicular displacements form the legs of a right-angled triangle.

The shortest distance from the starting point to the final position is the hypotenuse of this triangle. Applying the Pythagorean theorem:

Distance = √((Total Northward Distance)² + (Total Eastward Distance)²) Distance = √(8² + 6²) Distance = √(64 + 36) Distance = √(100) Distance = 10 km

Explanation

The coding pattern follows an alternating sequence where 2 is subtracted from and added to the alphabetical position of each letter. For MUSICAL, the pattern is: M (13) - 2 = K (11) U (21) + 2 = W (23) S (19) - 2 = Q (17) I (9) + 2 = K (11) C (3) - 2 = A (1) A (1) + 2 = C (3) L (12) - 2 = J (10)

Applying this same alternating -2, +2 pattern to SPRINKLE: S (19) - 2 = Q (17) P (16) + 2 = R (18) R (18) - 2 = P (16) I (9) + 2 = K (11) N (14) - 2 = L (12) K (11) + 2 = M (13) L (12) - 2 = J (10) E (5) + 2 = G (7)

This results in the coded word QRPKLMJG.

Explanation

Both Ram and Sam begin at the same point and walk 20 metres North, reaching a common position. At this point, Ram turns left (West) and walks 10 metres, while Sam turns right (East) and walks 7 metres. The horizontal distance between them at this stage is the sum of their individual displacements from the center line, which is 10 + 7 = 17 metres.

Subsequently, Ram turns left from his Westward heading to face South, and Sam turns right from his Eastward heading to also face South. Both then walk 25 metres forward in this parallel Southward direction. Since they are moving the same distance along parallel lines, the horizontal gap of 17 metres established previously remains unchanged. Therefore, the distance between Ram and Sam is 17 metres.

Explanation

The intelligence levels are determined by the logical relationships provided in the statements. N is more intelligent than M, and X is more intelligent than V. The condition that X is not as good as N establishes that N is more intelligent than X. By combining these comparisons, it is shown that N is more intelligent than M, X, and V. This positioning identifies N as the individual with the highest level of intelligence among those compared in the established sequence.

Explanation

The word SECURE requires the letter E to appear twice. An analysis of the word COURAGEOUS reveals that it contains only one E. Since the available letters do not include a second E, it is impossible to form the word SECURE.

Explanation

The word FAINTING cannot be formed from the letters of SPECIFICATION because it requires the letter G, which is not present in the original word. All other letters in FAINTING such as F, A, I, N, and T are available in SPECIFICATION, but the absence of G makes it impossible to construct the word.

Explanation

The coding pattern involves interchanging the first and last letters of the word while keeping the middle letters in their original sequence. In the word MEAT, the first letter M and the last letter T are swapped to form TEAM, while E and A remain in positions 2 and 3. Applying this logic to the word BALE, the first letter B and the last letter E are interchanged, and the middle letters A and L remain fixed in their positions, resulting in the word EALB.

Explanation

Following the mathematical operator substitutions provided: P means + Q means × R means ÷ S means -

Substituting these into the expression and applying the BODMAS (Brackets, Orders, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction) rule: 44 Q 9 R 12 S 6 Q 4 P 16 = 44 × 9 ÷ 12 - 6 × 4 + 16

First, perform the division and multiplication from left to right: 44 × (9 ÷ 12) = 44 × 0.75 = 33 6 × 4 = 24

Now substitute these results back into the expression: = 33 - 24 + 16

Finally, perform the addition and subtraction: = 9 + 16 = 25

Explanation

The total number of players n(U) is 19. According to the condition that no player was without either hockey pants or shirts, every player is wearing at least one part of the prescribed uniform. Therefore, the union of players wearing shirts (S) and those wearing pants (P) is equal to the total number of players, n(S ∪ P) = 19.

Using the Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion: n(S ∪ P) = n(S) + n(P) - n(S ∩ P)

Given: n(S) = 14 n(P) = 11 n(S ∪ P) = 19

Substituting the values into the formula: 19 = 14 + 11 - n(S ∩ P) 19 = 25 - n(S ∩ P) n(S ∩ P) = 25 - 19 = 6

The term n(S ∩ P) represents the number of players wearing both the prescribed shirt and the prescribed pants, which defines a complete uniform.

Explanation

Substituting the operators as per the given instructions, the symbols change as follows: - becomes +, + becomes ÷, ÷ becomes ×, and × becomes -. Applying these changes to the expression 25 - 15 + 5 ÷ 4 × 16, we get the modified expression 25 + 15 ÷ 5 × 4 - 16.

According to the BODMAS rule, division is performed first, yielding 15 ÷ 5 = 3. The expression then becomes 25 + 3 × 4 - 16. Multiplication follows, resulting in 3 × 4 = 12, which simplifies the expression to 25 + 12 - 16. Performing the addition gives 37 - 16, and the final subtraction results in 21. This result matches the value on the right-hand side of the equation.

Explanation

The direction pole underwent a 90° clockwise rotation because the pointer originally showing East moved to the position of South. In a standard compass, the cardinal directions North, East, South, and West are arranged in a fixed clockwise sequence. A shift that moves the East pointer to South implies that every pointer on the pole has shifted 90° clockwise from its true orientation. The pointer labeled West is positioned 180° opposite to the East pointer. After the 90° clockwise rotation, this West pointer moves from the actual West position to the actual North position. Consequently, when Sita follows the pointer labeled West, she is physically traveling in the direction of North.

Explanation

Ram's movement can be traced on a coordinate plane starting from his home at the origin (0, 0). Moving 10 km southward brings him to the point (0, -10). Turning right while facing south means he turns west; moving 6 km west brings him to (-6, -10). He then turns right to face north and cycles 10 km, which brings him to (-6, 0), placing him on the same horizontal line as his starting point. Finally, turning left to face west and cycling 15 km moves him to the position (-21, 0). The straight-line distance from this final position back to his home at (0, 0) is the horizontal distance between the two points, calculated as 6 km + 15 km = 21 km.

Explanation

To make the equation correct by interchanging the signs - and ÷, we substitute these signs in the given expression 5 + 3 × 8 - 12 ÷ 4 = 3. The modified equation becomes:

5 + 3 × 8 ÷ 12 - 4 = 3

Following the BODMAS rule, we first perform the multiplication and division operations from left to right. Calculating the middle term:

3 × 8 ÷ 12 = (3 × 8)/(12) = ²⁴⁄₁₂ = 2

Now, substituting this value back into the equation:

5 + 2 - 4 = 3

Finally, performing the addition and subtraction:

7 - 4 = 3 3 = 3

Since the left-hand side equals the right-hand side, the interchange of the minus and division signs results in a mathematically valid equation.

Explanation

The coding logic involves shifting each letter of the word two positions forward in the alphabetical sequence. In the example provided, W becomes Y (W+2), A becomes C (A+2), T becomes V (T+2), E becomes G (E+2), and R becomes T (R+2).

To find the word that results in the code HKTG, the reverse operation must be applied by shifting each letter of the code two positions backward. Following this pattern, H minus 2 positions is F, K minus 2 positions is I, T minus 2 positions is R, and G minus 2 positions is E. Applying this reverse shift to the string HKTG yields the word FIRE.

Explanation

The given statements establish a categorical relationship where all numbers are letters and all letters are words, forming the logical chain Numbers ⊆ Letters ⊆ Words. According to the rules of syllogism, if all members of the set numbers belong to the set words, then the intersection of words and numbers is non-empty. This validates the first conclusion that some words are numbers.

For the second conclusion, the statement specifies that some locks are numbers. Since the entirety of the set of numbers is contained within the set of letters (Numbers ⊆ Letters), any lock that belongs to the number category must also belong to the letter category. This overlap ensures that there is a non-empty intersection between locks and letters, making the conclusion that some locks are letters logically certain. Thus, both Conclusion I and Conclusion II follow from the premises.

Explanation

The provided statements establish two distinct facts: that the Constitution provides an assurance of fundamental rights and that Parliament possesses the legal authority to amend the Constitution. Conclusion I is invalid because the premises do not provide information regarding the historical origin or the specific body responsible for the inclusion of these rights in the document. Conclusion II is invalid because the power to amend the Constitution does not logically imply a lack of assurance by Parliament, nor does it contradict the fact that the Constitution itself serves as the guarantor. Since neither conclusion can be logically derived from the given premises, neither follows.

Explanation

This analogy is based on the relationship between a medium of content and its physical storage format. A video is traditionally recorded on and played from a cassette, which serves as its physical housing and storage device. Similarly, a computer uses a floppy disk as a physical storage medium to save and retrieve data or software. In both pairs, the second term represents the tangible storage component required for the first term to function or be stored.

Explanation

This analogy represents the relationship between a medical instrument and the specific physiological parameter it measures. A glucometer is a device used to determine the concentration of glucose in the blood. Similarly, a sphygmomanometer is the standard medical instrument used to measure arterial blood pressure, typically consisting of an inflatable cuff and a pressure gauge to monitor blood flow in the arteries.

Explanation

The relationship in the analogy is based on a subject of study and its corresponding scientific field. Psychology is defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Applying this same logic to the second pair, Botany is the branch of biology that involves the scientific study of plants, including their physiology, structure, genetics, and ecology.

Explanation

Mitochondria are specialized organelles known as the powerhouse of the cell because they perform cellular respiration to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of biological systems. This establishes a functional relationship where the biological entity is paired with its primary role or output. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, serves as the chemical basis of heredity in nearly all living organisms. It contains the genetic instructions necessary for the development, functioning, and growth of an individual and is the fundamental molecule responsible for the transmission of traits from one generation to the next, a process defined as inheritance.

Explanation

The relationship in the analogy is based on an environment and a significant natural phenomenon associated with it. A mirage is an atmospheric optical phenomenon typically observed in a desert due to the refraction of light through air layers of different temperatures. Similarly, El-Nino is a complex climatic phenomenon that occurs in the ocean, specifically involving the periodic warming of sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific. Both represent characteristic physical or thermal events specific to their respective geographical domains.

Explanation

The given analogy follows a division-based numerical pattern where the first number in the pair is divided by a constant factor to obtain the second number. In the first part of the analogy, 525 : 25, the relationship is established as 525 ÷ 21 = 25. To find the missing value in the second part of the analogy, 315 : ?, the same divisor must be applied to maintain the proportionality of the sequence. By performing the calculation 315 ÷ 21, we arrive at the result of 15. This confirms that the ratio between the terms in both sets is consistently 21:1, satisfying the mathematical logic of the analogy.

Explanation

The fraction 7/2 is an improper fraction because the numerator is greater than the denominator. In mathematics, a fraction n/d is classified as improper when n > d. In this instance, 7 > 2, which results in a numerical value of 3.5. This value is greater than 1. This property distinguishes it as the odd one out, as the other fractions provided are proper fractions where the numerator is smaller than the denominator, resulting in values that are less than 1.

Explanation

Navigation represents an activity, skill, or process used to direct the course of a ship, aircraft, or vehicle. It is a functional method of travel rather than a term used to describe a physical geographical feature or a noun associated directly with the nature of a water body.

Explanation

GHI consists of three consecutive letters arranged in their forward alphabetical sequence, where each subsequent letter follows the previous one (G → H → I). The positional values in the English alphabet for these letters are 7, 8, and 9, which represents a +1 increment between consecutive characters. This distinguishes it from the other sets, which are all arranged in reverse alphabetical order with a -1 decrement between consecutive letters.

Explanation

The letter group EAC is the odd one out because it does not adhere to the alphabetical pattern where the second letter is two positions ahead of the first (L₂ = L₁ + 2). In the other groups, such as XZY, MON, and PRO, there is a consistent one-letter gap between the first and second characters (X to Z, M to O, and P to R). In the group EAC, however, the second letter A is four positions behind the first letter E (5 - 4 = 1), which breaks the uniform forward progression found in the rest of the alternatives.

Explanation

The mathematical pattern established in the set is y = 5x, where the second number is five times the first number. In the pair 5-65, the second number is thirteen times the first (5 × 13 = 65), which deviates from the constant multiplication factor of 5 used in the remaining pairs.

Explanation

The pair 91-12 is the odd one because the difference between the two numbers is not divisible by 9. In the other pairs, the absolute difference between the numbers is always a multiple of 9: 46 - 10 = 36, 42 - 33 = 9, and |20 - 38| = 18. For this pair, the calculation yields 91 - 12 = 79, which is not a multiple of 9, thus violating the consistent numerical pattern.

Explanation

The planets in the solar system are arranged in a meaningful ascending order based on their orbital distance from the Sun. Starting from the position closest to the Sun and moving outward, the sequence begins with Mercury, followed by Venus, Earth, and Mars. Jupiter, being the largest gas giant and located beyond the asteroid belt, follows Mars in this progression. This order reflects the standard astronomical arrangement of these celestial bodies according to their relative proximity to the center of the solar system.

Explanation

The correct ascending order is Pages (1), which form Books (4), which are stored on a Book rack (2), which are organized/listed in a Catalogue (5), all of which are contained within a Library (3). Option C follows this logical progression from the smallest unit to the largest encompassing entity.

Explanation

The series is formed by the alternating repetition of two four-letter patterns: abcb and abeb. Dividing the entire sequence into groups of four letters clarifies the underlying structure:

The first group is ab_b, which matches the abcb pattern by inserting c into the first gap. The second group is abe_, which matches the abeb pattern by inserting b into the second gap. The third group is ab_b, which repeats the abcb pattern by inserting c into the third gap. The fourth group is _beb, which repeats the abeb pattern by inserting a into the fourth gap. The final two letters _b represent the start of a new abcb block, completed by inserting a into the fifth gap.

Sequentially placing the letters c, b, c, a, and a results in the complete string abcbabebabcbabebab, which consistently follows the alternating sequence of abcb and abeb.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where each term is obtained by shifting the letters of the previous term forward by 8 positions in the English alphabet. Comparing the first term ABEF to the second term IJMN, the shifts are A(1) → I(9), B(2) → J(10), E(5) → M(13), and F(6) → N(14), all representing an increment of +8. To find the missing term, we apply the same +8 shift to the letters of IJMN. Calculating the new positions gives I(9) + 8 = 17 (Q), J(10) + 8 = 18 (R), M(13) + 8 = 21 (U), and N(14) + 8 = 22 (V), resulting in the term QRUV.

Explanation

The series follows the pattern n³ - n, where n represents the position of the term in the sequence starting from n = 1. Applying this formula to each term:

For n = 1: 1³ - 1 = 1 - 1 = 0 For n = 2: 2³ - 2 = 8 - 2 = 6 For n = 3: 3³ - 3 = 27 - 3 = 24 For n = 4: 4³ - 4 = 64 - 4 = 60

To find the missing fifth term (n = 5): 5³ - 5 = 125 - 5 = 120

To verify with the final term (n = 6): 6³ - 6 = 216 - 6 = 210

The calculation confirms that 120 is the correct value to complete the sequence.

Explanation

The person's total displacement is calculated by summing the movements in the North-South and East-West directions. Starting from an initial point, the first movement is 15 metres North. Turning right means moving East for 20 metres. The next right turn shifts the direction to South for 10 metres, and the final right turn results in moving West for 20 metres. The net horizontal (East-West) displacement is 20 - 20 = 0 metres, meaning the person is back on the same vertical line as the starting point. The net vertical (North-South) displacement is 15 - 10 = 5 metres North. Therefore, the distance from the original position is exactly 5 metres.

Explanation

At 7:30, the minute hand points exactly at the 6 o'clock position, while the hour hand is positioned midway between 7 and 8 o'clock. According to the question, the minute hand (6 o'clock) points West. Following the cardinal directions in a clockwise sequence from West, the 9 o'clock position corresponds to North, the 12 o'clock position to East, and the 3 o'clock position to South. Since the hour hand is located between the 6 (West) and 9 (North) positions, it points toward the North-West direction.

Explanation

The word ELIMINATE requires two instances of the letter I to be formed. However, the source word PENULTIMATE contains only one letter I. Due to this deficiency in the frequency of the letter I, the word ELIMINATE cannot be constructed from the given letters.

Explanation

The word PRINTED requires the letter D. The original word PROCRASTINATE is composed of the letters P, R, O, C, R, A, S, T, I, N, A, T, and E. Because the letter D is not present in PROCRASTINATE, it is impossible to form the word PRINTED.

Explanation

The word SECRET cannot be formed because it contains the letter R. Upon examining the letters available in the word ADOLESCENT, which are A, D, O, L, E, S, C, E, N, and T, it is evident that the letter R is missing. Since the letter R is a necessary component of the word SECRET, it is impossible to construct it from the given word.

Explanation

The coding logic follows a pair-wise transposition of letters within the word. In SPANK, the first two letters (S and P) swap positions to become PS, the third and fourth letters (A and N) swap to become NA, and the final letter (K) remains in its original position, resulting in PSNAK. Applying the same rule to THROW, the first pair (T and H) is swapped to HT, the second pair (R and O) is swapped to OR, and the fifth letter (W) stays unchanged. This sequence produces the code HTORW.

Explanation

This coding system uses a direct letter-to-digit substitution. By comparing the letters in the words ANCIENT and NATURE with their respective numerical codes 2516859 and 529048, we can identify the specific digit assigned to each letter. From ANCIENT, we determine that A=2, N=5, C=1, I=6, E=8, and T=9. From NATURE, we confirm these values and additionally find that U=0 and R=4.

To find the code for TRAIN, we substitute the corresponding digits for each letter: T is 9, R is 4, A is 2, I is 6, and N is 5. Arranging these digits in the given sequence results in the code 94265.

Explanation

The coding follows a specific positional rearrangement of the letters. By assigning numerical positions to the letters in the word BLUE (B=1, L=2, U=3, E=4), the transformed word EUBL follows the sequence 4-3-1-2.

Applying the same 4-3-1-2 positional logic to the word BULB: 1st letter (B) moves to the 3rd position. 2nd letter (U) moves to the 4th position. 3rd letter (L) moves to the 2nd position. 4th letter (B) moves to the 1st position.

Arranging the letters of BULB in the 4-3-1-2 sequence results in B-L-B-U.

Explanation

To find the value of the unknown percentage, we first calculate the numerical values of the percentages on the left side of the equation.

40% of 1620 is calculated as: 0.4 × 1620 = 4 × 162 = 648

30% of 960 is calculated as: 0.3 × 960 = 3 × 96 = 288

Summing these two values together gives the total for the left side: 648 + 288 = 936

Now, set this equal to the right side of the expression, where x represents the required percentage: 936 = ˣ⁄₁₀₀ × 5200

Simplifying the right side by canceling the zeros in the fraction: 936 = x × 52

To solve for x, divide 936 by 52: x = ⁹³⁶⁄₅₂

Performing the division: 936 ÷ 52 = 18

Explanation

The equation is solved using the BODMAS rule, which defines the sequence of operations as Brackets, Orders, Division, Multiplication, Addition, and Subtraction. By interchanging the signs × and + according to the first option, the expression 2 × 3 + 6 - 12 ÷ 4 is modified to 2 + 3 × 6 - 12 ÷ 4. Following the hierarchy of operations, the division is performed first: 12 ÷ 4 = 3. Next, the multiplication is carried out: 3 × 6 = 18. The expression then becomes 2 + 18 - 3. Adding the terms gives 20 - 3, which results in 17. This result matches the value on the right-hand side of the equation.

Explanation

The expression is evaluated by substituting the given letter symbols with their corresponding mathematical operators: C denotes division, B denotes addition, and D denotes equality. Substituting these into the expression 15C3B2D6B1 results in the equation:

15 ÷ 3 + 2 = 6 + 1

Following the order of operations, the left-hand side is calculated by first performing the division 15 ÷ 3 = 5, and then adding 2, which gives 5 + 2 = 7. The right-hand side is calculated by performing the addition 6 + 1 = 7. Since both sides of the equation equal 7, the expression is mathematically correct.

Explanation

Substituting the symbols =, ×, and + from the chosen option into the expression 24 Δ 4 Δ 5 Δ 4 results in the equation 24 = 4 × 5 + 4. According to the order of mathematical operations (BODMAS), the multiplication is performed first, giving 4 × 5 = 20. Adding the final term results in 20 + 4 = 24. This makes the left-hand side equal to the right-hand side, thereby satisfying the expression.

Explanation

When facing West, the right side of the row corresponds to the North and the left side corresponds to the South. According to the conditions, B is to the immediate right of C and to the left of F, which gives the sequence C-B-F from left to right. Since D is positioned between A and C, and we already know the positions to the right of C, A and D must be placed to the left of C in the order A-D-C. Combining these, we get the partial sequence A-D-C-B-F. Given there are six boys and E is explicitly stated not to be at the right end, E must be at the leftmost position. The final arrangement from left to right is E-A-D-C-B-F, placing F at the right end.