SSC CGL Tier 1 2013 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

Tanning is the chemical process of treating the skins and hides of animals to produce leather, making it durable and resistant to decay. Similarly, Pyrotechnics is the science and craft of using self-contained chemical reactions to create effects such as light, noise, and smoke. This discipline is specifically associated with the manufacturing and display of fireworks. Thus, the relationship is based on the process and its resulting product or primary application.

Explanation

A King sits on a specialized seat called a Throne. Similarly, a Rider sits on a specialized seat called a Saddle.

Explanation

The relationship follows the pattern where the number is the cube of the positional value of the letter in the English alphabet. For the first pair, F is the 6th letter, and 6³ = 216. Similarly, for the second pair, L is the 12th letter of the alphabet. Applying the same logic, 12³ = 1728.

Explanation

The relationship between the first pair of words is established by a repeating pattern of shifting the letters back by 2 positions and forward by 1 position alternatively. In MOUSE to KPSTC, the transformations are M - 2 = K, O + 1 = P, U - 2 = S, S + 1 = T, and E - 2 = C.

Applying the same logic of -2, +1, -2, +1, -2 to the word LIGHT, the calculation is as follows: L - 2 = J I + 1 = J G - 2 = E H + 1 = I T - 2 = R

This results in the sequence JJEIR.

Explanation

The logic of the given expressions involves dividing the first number by the second number and then calculating the sum of the digits of the resulting quotient.

For the first expression, 264 ÷ 2 = 132. The sum of the digits is 1 + 3 + 2 = 6. For the second expression, 870 ÷ 3 = 290. The sum of the digits is 2 + 9 + 0 = 11.

Following the same pattern for the final expression, dividing 735 by 5 gives a quotient of 147. The sum of the digits of this quotient is 1 + 4 + 7 = 12.

Explanation

The correct sequence follows the standard database design lifecycle which begins with Requirements Analysis (3), followed by Conceptual Modelling (2), then Logical Modelling (4). After the logical structure is defined, Schema Refinement (6) occurs to ensure normalization, followed by Physical Model (5) design, and finally Implementation (1).

Explanation

The series can be divided into four equal groups of three letters each: b _ a / b _ b / _ a a / b _ b. By substituting the letters from the set a, a, b, b into the gaps sequentially, the series completes as follows:

baa / bab / baa / bbb

The logic of the series is based on an alternating pattern. The first and third groups are identical, forming the triplet baa. The second and fourth groups both start and end with the letter b, while the middle letter follows a progression, changing from a in the second group to b in the fourth group. Thus, the sequence of letters required to fill the gaps is aabb.

Explanation

The series follows a cyclic pattern where the string is divided into blocks of five letters. Each subsequent block is formed by shifting every letter of the previous block one step forward in the alphabetical cycle a → b → c → a.

Block 1: b c a b [a] Block 2: c a b c [b] Block 3: a b c a [c] Block 4: b [c a b a]

In this pattern, the first block starts with b, the second with c, and the third with a. Similarly, the fifth letter of each block follows the sequence a, b, c. Placing the letters a, b, c, and a sequentially into the gaps at the end of each four-letter segment completes this consistent cyclic rotation. This results in the full sequence: bcaba cabcb abcac ba.

Explanation

The word led is the odd one out because it consists of only three letters, while the other words in the group are all composed of exactly four letters. Structural length and letter count serve as the primary distinguishing factor in this set.

Explanation

Influenza is an infectious disease caused by a virus that attacks the respiratory system and is transmitted from person to person. The other three conditions are nutritional deficiency diseases resulting from a lack of specific vitamins in the diet. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C, Rickets is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin D, and Night-blindness is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin A. Unlike influenza, these deficiency diseases are non-communicable.

Explanation

Raisin is a dried fruit, which classifies it as a food item. This distinguishes it from the other terms, which all describe various forms of meteorological precipitation or weather conditions involving water falling from the sky. Rain, shower, and sleet are part of the hydrological cycle and occur naturally in the atmosphere.

Explanation

The pair 248-231 is the odd one out because the numerical difference between the two values is 17. Calculating the difference for the set shows that 248 - 231 = 17, while all other pairs maintain a uniform difference of 16.

Explanation

The number 681 is the odd one out because the sum of its digits does not result in a perfect square. For the other numbers in the sequence, the sum of the digits is a perfect square: 10 has a sum of 1 + 0 = 1 (1²), 13 has a sum of 1 + 3 = 4 (2²), 234 has a sum of 2 + 3 + 4 = 9 (3²), and 997 has a sum of 9 + 9 + 7 = 25 (5²). Since the sum of the digits for 681 is 6 + 8 + 1 = 15, it fails to follow the established mathematical pattern shared by the rest of the numbers in the series.

Explanation

Each triplet in the series follows a consistent internal addition pattern based on the numerical positions of the letters in the alphabet. In the given terms, the second letter is 5 places after the first, and the third letter is 3 places after the second.

AFI: A(1), F(6), I(9) where 1 + 5 = 6 and 6 + 3 = 9. JOR: J(10), O(15), R(18) where 10 + 5 = 15 and 15 + 3 = 18. MRU: M(13), R(18), U(21) where 13 + 5 = 18 and 18 + 3 = 21.

Among the options, HMP is the only triplet that adheres to this same +5 and +3 spacing: HMP: H(8), M(13), P(16) where 8 + 5 = 13 and 13 + 3 = 16.

This internal mathematical consistency between the letters is the primary rule governing the progression of the series. All three established terms share this property, and HMP is the only alternative that maintains it.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern based on the starting letter of each term and the number of letters it contains. The starting letters of the terms follow a direct alphabetical sequence: b, c, d, e, and f. Therefore, the missing term must begin with the letter g.

The number of letters in each term alternates between two and three: be (2 letters), cde (3 letters), de (2 letters), efg (3 letters), and fg (2 letters). This indicates that the missing term must contain three letters. From the second term onwards, every term consists of consecutive letters of the alphabet. Starting with the letter g and following the sequence for three consecutive letters results in the term ghi.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where each term consists of an uppercase letter followed by its corresponding numerical position in the English alphabet, where A=1, B=2, C=3, and so on. The letters in the sequence are C, E, G, and I, representing positions 3, 5, 7, and 9. This forms an arithmetic progression with a common difference of 2. Continuing this pattern, the next letter position is 9 + 2 = 11, which corresponds to the letter K, followed by 11 + 2 = 13, which corresponds to the letter M. Pairing these letters with their respective positions results in the terms K-11 and M-13.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where each subsequent number is obtained by multiplying the preceding number by 3 and then adding consecutive odd numbers starting from 1.

The calculation steps are as follows: 5 × 3 + 1 = 15 + 1 = 16 16 × 3 + 3 = 48 + 3 = 51 51 × 3 + 5 = 153 + 5 = 158

Following this logic, the next term is obtained by multiplying 158 by 3 and adding the next odd number, which is 7: 158 × 3 + 7 = 474 + 7 = 481

Explanation

The relationship in the analogy is determined by the sum of the multipliers of 9. In the first pair, 9 × 2 : 9 × 9, the multipliers are 2 and 9, and their sum is 2 + 9 = 11. Following this pattern for the second pair, 9 × 5 : ?, the sum of the multipliers must also be 11. Let the unknown multiplier be x. The equation is 5 + x = 11, which gives x = 6. Thus, the required term is 9 × 6.

Explanation

The relative scores of the individuals can be determined by linking the given statements into a descending order. From the first few statements, we know Priti scored higher than Rahul and Rahul scored higher than Yamuna. Since Yamuna and Divya scored the same, the sequence is Priti > Rahul > Yamuna = Divya. The information that Manju scored less than Divya and Lokita scored less than Manju extends this sequence further to Priti > Rahul > Yamuna = Divya > Manju > Lokita. Within this comparative ranking, Lokita is positioned at the lowest level.

Explanation

The man specifies that he is an only child, which means he has no brothers or sisters. In the context of family relationships, a wife's sister-in-law can be either the husband's sister or the wife's brother's wife. Given that the man has no sister, the sister-in-law must be his wife's brother's wife. The boy is described as the son of this sister-in-law, making him the son of the man's wife's brother. Since the man's son and the boy are the children of two siblings (the man's wife and her brother), they are first cousins to each other.

Explanation

Substituting the sequence of signs +, -, and = into the expression 24 16 8 * 32 produces the equation 24 + 16 - 8 = 32. According to the standard order of operations, performing the addition first gives 24 + 16 = 40. Subtracting 8 from this sum yields 40 - 8 = 32. Since the left side of the equation simplifies to 32, which is equal to the value on the right side, the mathematical statement is balanced and correct.

Explanation

Sunil is the son of Kesav, and Maruti is the son of Kesav's sister Simran. Since their parents are siblings, Sunil and Maruti are cousins.

Explanation

The word MANUSCRIPT contains the letters M, A, N, U, S, C, R, I, P, and T. The word MASTER requires the letter E, which is not present in the original word MANUSCRIPT. Since the letter E is missing from the source set, the word MASTER cannot be formed.

Explanation

The word SEGREGATION contains the letter N only once. The word NATION requires two occurrences of the letter N to be formed. Because the source word provides only a single N, it is impossible to construct NATION from its constituent letters.

Explanation

The word TALENT requires the letter E to be formed. By analyzing the source word CONSTITUTIONAL, we find it contains the letters C, O, N, S, T, I, U, A, and L. Since the letter E does not appear in the given word CONSTITUTIONAL, it is impossible to construct the word TALENT.

Explanation

The coding logic for the word LEADER is based on adding a constant value of 8 to the numerical position of each letter in the standard English alphabet (where A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26). For LEADER, the calculation is as follows: L is the 12th letter (12 + 8 = 20), E is the 5th letter (5 + 8 = 13), A is the 1st letter (1 + 8 = 9), D is the 4th letter (4 + 8 = 12), E is the 5th letter (5 + 8 = 13), and R is the 18th letter (18 + 8 = 26). This results in the given code 20-13-9-12-13-26.

Applying this same logic to the word LIGHT, we first identify the alphabetical positions of its letters: L is 12, I is 9, G is 7, H is 8, and T is 20. Adding 8 to each of these positions gives: L: 12 + 8 = 20 I: 9 + 8 = 17 G: 7 + 8 = 15 H: 8 + 8 = 16 T: 20 + 8 = 28

Following this pattern, the word LIGHT is coded as 20-17-15-16-28.

Explanation

The word COMMUNICATIONS consists of 14 letters. When the first and second, third and fourth, fifth and sixth letters, and so on, are interchanged, the positions of the letters in each adjacent pair are swapped. Specifically, the pairs are (C,O), (M,M), (U,N), (I,C), (A,T), (I,O), and (N,S). After the interchange, these pairs become (O,C), (M,M), (N,U), (C,I), (T,A), (O,I), and (S,N), resulting in the sequence OCMMNUCITAOISN.

To find the tenth letter counting from the right in a 14-letter word, we use the formula for position from the left: n = L - k + 1, where L is the total length and k is the position from the right. Substituting the values, we get 14 - 10 + 1 = 5. Therefore, the tenth letter from the right is the fifth letter from the left. In the original word, the fifth and sixth letters are U and N respectively. After interchanging them, the fifth letter becomes N.

Explanation

To make the equation 8× 20 ÷ 3 + 9 - 5 = 38 correct by interchanging the numbers 3 and 5, we substitute 5 in place of 3 and 3 in place of 5. The modified equation becomes:

8 × 20 ÷ 5 + 9 - 3

Following the BODMAS rule, we first perform the division: 20 ÷ 5 = 4

Next, we perform the multiplication: 8 × 4 = 32

Then, we perform the addition: 32 + 9 = 41

Finally, we perform the subtraction: 41 - 3 = 38

The calculated value matches the right-hand side of the given equation.

Explanation

Following the BODMAS rule (Brackets, Orders, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction), the mathematical signs provided in the option are substituted into the equation as follows: 15 + 24 ÷ 3 - 6 = 17

First, perform the division operation: 15 + 8 - 6 = 17

Next, perform the addition operation: 23 - 6 = 17

Finally, perform the subtraction operation: 17 = 17

The left-hand side equals the right-hand side, confirming that this combination of signs balances the given mathematical expression.

Explanation

Raj starts from the center of the square field and moves in the North-East direction. A right turn constitutes a 90-degree clockwise rotation, so turning right from North-East puts him in the South-East direction. After reaching the far end of the field and turning right again, his direction shifts another 90 degrees clockwise to South-West. While walking in this direction, he performs another right turn, which changes his heading to North-West. Finally, he turns to his left, which is a 90-degree counter-clockwise rotation. Turning left from North-West brings his direction back to South-West. Therefore, Raj is facing the South-West direction as he reaches the new far end.

Explanation

In the early morning, the Sun rises in the East, so the boy begins by walking 8 km East. A right turn from East leads him 3 km South. Turning right again from South directs him 2 km West. From West, a left turn leads him 1 km South. He then turns right from South to walk 1 km West. Finally, a right turn from West directs him 4 km North.

To determine the distance from the starting point, the net displacement along the cardinal axes must be calculated. In the East-West direction, the net movement is 8 km (East) - 2 km (West) - 1 km (West) = 5 km East. In the North-South direction, the net movement is -3 km (South) - 1 km (South) + 4 km (North) = 0 km. Since the net vertical displacement is zero, the total distance from the starting point is simply the horizontal displacement of 5 km.

Explanation

In logical reasoning, a conclusion must be a direct and necessary deduction from the given statement. The statement sick people need medicine establishes a specific requirement for one group but does not provide information about other groups or their habits. Conclusion I is an inverse fallacy; knowing that sick people need medicine does not allow us to definitively state that healthy people never need it for other purposes, such as prevention or supplementation. Conclusion II introduces external information regarding the storage of medicine which is entirely absent from the original premise. Since the statement focuses solely on the need for medicine and not on its procurement or storage, neither conclusion follows logically.

Explanation

Conclusion II follows directly from Statement I through the logical rule of conversion. In categorical syllogism, an I-type proposition of the form Some A are B can be validly converted into the proposition Some B are A. Applying this rule to Statement I, if some years are decades, it is logically necessary that some decades are years.

Regarding the relationship between centuries and years, both Statement I (Some years are decades) and Statement II (All centuries are decades) use decades as the middle term. However, the term decades is not distributed in either premise, as it is the predicate of both an I-type and an A-type statement. Without a distributed middle term, no definite categorical relationship can be established between years and centuries. As a result, only Conclusion II can be definitively concluded from the information provided.

Explanation

The series follows the pattern where each subsequent term is obtained by squaring the previous term and adding 1. This can be expressed by the recursive formula aₙ = aₙ₋₁² + 1.

Starting with the first term a₁ = 1: The second term is 1² + 1 = 2. The third term is 2² + 1 = 5. The fourth term is 5² + 1 = 26. Following this logic, the fifth term is 26² + 1 = 676 + 1 = 677.

Explanation

The letter in each blank space is determined by finding the midpoint of the alphabetical positions of the two letters surrounding it. In the English alphabet, the positions are A=1, B=2, C=3, D=4, E=5, F=6, G=7, H=8, I=9, J=10, R=18, T=20, and V=22.

For the first term A_E, the midpoint is ¹⁺⁵⁄₂ = 3, which corresponds to the letter C. For the second term R_V, the midpoint is ¹⁸⁺²²⁄₂ = 20, which corresponds to the letter T. For the third term B_F, the midpoint is ²⁺⁶⁄₂ = 4, which corresponds to the letter D. For the fourth term F_J, the midpoint is ⁶⁺¹⁰⁄₂ = 8, which corresponds to the letter H.

The sequence of letters that fill the underscores across the four terms is C, T, D, and H. Combining these letters in order results in the string CTDH.

Explanation

The relationship in the given analogy is between an object or animal and the specific sound it produces. A horse makes a vocalization known as a neigh. Following the same logic, the characteristic sound associated with bells is a chime. Therefore, just as neighing is the sound of a horse, chiming is the sound of bells.

Explanation

The given letter series is a_bba_bba_bb. By counting the total number of characters including the gaps, we have a total of 12 positions. This suggests a repeating pattern of blocks of 3, 4, or 6 letters. When the letters from option c are placed sequentially in the gaps, the series becomes abbbabbbabbb. This creates a consistent and logical repeating pattern of the four-letter block abbb repeated three times consecutively.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where the last two letters of each term remain constant as YZ, while the first letter changes according to a specific rule. The sequence of the first letters is Y, V, S, and P. In terms of alphabetical positions, Y is the 25th letter, V is the 22nd, S is the 19th, and P is the 16th. There is a consistent decrease of 3 positions between consecutive first letters (25 - 3 = 22; 22 - 3 = 19; 19 - 3 = 16). Following this logic, the first letter of the next term must be the 13th letter of the alphabet (16 - 3 = 13), which is M. Combining this with the constant suffix YZ results in the term MYZ.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where each term is obtained by multiplying the preceding term by 2 and then adding 3. The mathematical rule for the series can be expressed as Tₙ = (Tₙ₋₁ × 2) + 3.

Applying this rule to the given terms: 5 × 2 + 3 = 13 13 × 2 + 3 = 29 29 × 2 + 3 = 61 61 × 2 + 3 = 125

Following the same logic to find the missing term: 125 × 2 + 3 = 250 + 3 = 253

Alternatively, the pattern can be observed through the differences between consecutive terms. The differences are 8, 16, 32, and 64, which represent a geometric progression where each difference is twice the previous one (8 × 2 = 16, 16 × 2 = 32, 32 × 2 = 64). The next difference must be 64 × 2 = 128. Adding this to the last term gives 125 + 128 = 253.

Explanation

The series is formed by two independent alphabetical progressions for the first and second letters of each term.

For the first letters, the sequence follows a forward jump of two positions: A +2 C +2 E +2 G +2 I +2 K +2 M. Thus, the first letters of the missing terms are I and M.

For the second letters, the sequence follows a backward jump of two positions: Z -2 X -2 V -2 T -2 R -2 P -2 N. Thus, the second letters of the missing terms are R and N.

Each term also represents a pair of opposite letters where the sum of their numerical positions in the alphabet is 27. Following the +2 increment for the first letter of each pair, the fifth term uses the 9th letter (I) and its opposite (R), while the seventh term uses the 13th letter (M) and its opposite (N). Combining these results, the missing terms are IR and MN.

Explanation

The series is formed by subtracting 3 from the positional value of each letter in the English alphabet. Assigning numerical values where A = 1 and Z = 26, the sequence is: T(20) - 3 = Q(17) Q(17) - 3 = N(14) N(14) - 3 = K(11) K(11) - 3 = H(8) H(8) - 3 = E(5) E(5) - 3 = B(2) B(2) - 3 = Y(25) Y(25) - 3 = V(22) V(22) - 3 = S(19) S(19) - 3 = P(16)

Continuing the pattern to find the next three missing terms: 16 - 3 = 13 → M 13 - 3 = 10 → J 10 - 3 = 7 → G

The three letters that complete the series are MJG.

Explanation

The series is formed by reversing the digits of the squares of consecutive natural numbers starting from 4.

The square of 4 is 4² = 16, and reversing its digits gives 61. The square of 5 is 5² = 25, and reversing its digits gives 52. The square of 6 is 6² = 36, and reversing its digits gives 63. The square of 7 is 7² = 49, and reversing its digits gives 94. The square of 8 is 8² = 64, and reversing its digits gives 46.

Following this pattern, the next term is obtained by squaring 9, which is 9² = 81. Reversing the digits of 81 results in 18.

Explanation

The series is formed by increasing the positional value of each letter in the triplet by two in each subsequent term. For the first letter of each group, the sequence is E (+2) → G (+2) → I (+2) → K. For the second letter, the sequence follows F (+2) → H (+2) → J (+2) → L. For the third letter, the sequence is A (+2) → C (+2) → E (+2) → G. Applying this +2 pattern to the third term IJE results in the missing term KLG.

Explanation

The series consists of three patterns applied to the first letter, the middle number, and the last letter of each term. The first letters follow a pattern of moving forward by two positions in the English alphabet: P +2 R +2 T +2 V. Therefore, the next first letter is V +2 X.

The middle numbers follow a pattern of increasing additions: 3 +2 5 +3 8 +4 12. The next increment in this sequence is +5, making the next number 12 + 5 = 17.

The last letters follow a pattern of moving forward by three positions in the alphabet: C +3 F +3 I +3 L. Consequently, the next last letter is L +3 O. Combining these components gives the missing term X17O.

Explanation

The series is composed of two alternating sub-sequences. The first, third, and fifth terms follow one progression, while the second and fourth terms follow another. Examining the odd-numbered terms NP and RT, the position of each letter in the alphabet increases by 4: N (14) → R (18) and P (16) → T (20). To find the missing fifth term, the same +4 increment is applied to the letters of the third term RT. The first letter becomes R (18) + 4 = V (22), and the second letter becomes T (20) + 4 = X (24). This yields the term VX.

Explanation

The series follows an alternating pattern between even-positioned and odd-positioned terms. The terms at even positions (2ⁿᵈ, 4ᵗʰ, 6ᵗʰ) are consecutive powers of 10: T₂ = 10¹ = 10 T₄ = 10² = 100 T₆ = 10³ = 1000

The terms at odd positions (3ʳᵈ, 5ᵗʰ, 7ᵗʰ) are derived from the preceding even-positioned terms using the formula T₂ₖ₊₁ = 10 × T₂ₖ + 3. We can verify this with the later terms in the series: T₅ = 10 × T₄ + 3 = 10 × 100 + 3 = 1003 T₇ = 10 × T₆ + 3 = 10 × 1000 + 3 = 10003

Applying this rule to find the missing 3ʳᵈ term (T₃): T₃ = 10 × T₂ + 3 T₃ = 10 × 10 + 3 = 103

This logic maintains the mathematical consistency of the alternating sequences observed throughout the series.

Explanation

Red and Yellow are both primary colors. In the traditional RYB (Red-Yellow-Blue) color wheel, primary colors are the fundamental hues that cannot be created by mixing other colors. This pair is the odd one out because it consists of two distinct primary colors, whereas the other options represent tertiary colors, which are specific intermediate shades created by mixing a primary color with an adjacent secondary color.

Explanation

The number 216 is the cube of the even integer 6 (6³ = 216). The other numbers are cubes of odd integers: 27 = 3³, 125 = 5³, and 343 = 7³. This makes 216 the only even number and the only cube with an even base.

Explanation

The Franc is the only currency among the given alternatives that is used as the official legal tender by multiple independent sovereign nations. For example, the Swiss Franc is the currency of both Switzerland and Liechtenstein, while the CFA Franc is shared by fourteen different countries in Africa. In contrast, the other options represent currencies that are or were specific to a single nation: the Pound Sterling is the currency of the United Kingdom, the Yen is the currency of Japan, and the Deutsche Mark was the currency of Germany. This multi-national usage distinguishes the Franc from the others which are nation-specific.

Explanation

The word agreeable is the odd one out because it describes a pleasant, yielding, and accommodating temperament. In contrast, the other three words relate to a sense of seriousness, rigidity, or being difficult to satisfy. Firm implies an unyielding or resolute nature; grave signifies a solemn and serious character; and fastidious describes someone who is excessively particular and hard to please. While those terms convey a certain level of severity or strictness, agreeable represents a positive and flexible disposition.