SSC CGL Tier 1 2017 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

The number -2 is the only negative integer among the given alternatives. While options a and d are directly given as positive integers 1 and 5, the expression in option c simplifies to -(-3) = 3, which is also a positive integer. Consequently, -2 is the odd term as it is the only value situated to the left of zero on the number line.

Explanation

The sequence follows a numerical pattern based on the number of letters in each word. The first word bat contains 3 letters, the second word thin contains 4 letters, the third word reply contains 5 letters, and the fourth word length contains 6 letters. To maintain this incremental progression, the next word in the series must contain exactly 7 letters. The word display fits this pattern as it consists of the seven letters d, i, s, p, l, a, and y.

Explanation

The series follows a specific pattern based on the starting letter of each term in the alphabetical order:

1st term: AbC starts with A (1st letter) 2nd term: dEFG starts with D (4th letter) 3rd term: hijKl starts with H (8th letter) 4th term: MnOpQr starts with M (13th letter)

The progression of the starting letters is determined by increasing the gap between their alphabetical positions: 1st to 2nd: 1 + 3 = 4 (D) 2nd to 3rd: 4 + 4 = 8 (H) 3rd to 4th: 8 + 5 = 13 (M)

Following this pattern (+3, +4, +5), the next increment must be +6. Therefore, the starting letter of the missing term should be the 19th letter of the alphabet (13 + 6 = 19): The 19th letter is S.

Among the given options, only scolding starts with the letter S.

Explanation

The given series follows the pattern of the reciprocal of cubes of consecutive natural numbers. The general term can be represented as Tₙ = (1)/(n³), where n is the position of the term in the sequence starting from 1.

The terms are as follows: T₁ = (1)/(1³) = 1 T₂ = (1)/(2³) = ⅛ = 0.125 T₃ = (1)/(3³) = ¹⁄₂₇ T₄ = (1)/(4³) = ¹⁄₆₄ T₅ = (1)/(5³) = ? T₆ = (1)/(6³) = ¹⁄₂₁₆

To find the missing 5th term, we calculate the value for n = 5: T₅ = (1)/(5³) = ¹⁄₁₂₅

Converting the fraction to a decimal: ¹⁄₁₂₅ = (1 × 8)/(125 × 8) = ⁸⁄₁₀₀₀ = 0.008

Explanation

To find the day of the week for Tushar's birthday on 11th December, calculate the total number of days from Hansh's birthday on 5th June. The number of days remaining in June is 30 - 5 = 25. Adding the days for the subsequent months gives 31 for July, 31 for August, 30 for September, 31 for October, 30 for November, and 11 days in December. The total number of days is 25 + 31 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 11 = 189 days.

The number of odd days is determined by the remainder when the total days are divided by 7. Calculating 189 ÷ 7 gives a quotient of 27 and a remainder of 0. A remainder of 0 means the day of the week remains the same. Since 5th June is a Monday, 11th December in the same year must also be a Monday.

Explanation

The available weights are 20, 30, 40, and 50 kilograms. To determine which total weight is impossible, we can analyze the combinations. The maximum possible weight using all four boxes is 20 + 30 + 40 + 50 = 140 kilograms. To obtain a total of 130 kilograms from the total sum, one would need to exclude a box or a set of boxes weighing exactly 140 - 130 = 10 kilograms. Since the minimum weight of any single box is 20 kilograms, there is no box or combination of boxes that sums to 10 kilograms.

Alternatively, by checking the largest possible combinations of three boxes, we find 30 + 40 + 50 = 120 kilograms, 20 + 40 + 50 = 110 kilograms, and 20 + 30 + 50 = 100 kilograms. The jump from the highest three-box combination (120 kg) to the four-box combination (140 kg) skips the value of 130 kilograms entirely. Thus, 130 kilograms cannot be formed using any combination of these four boxes.

Explanation

The word NAMES cannot be formed because it contains the letter A, which is not present in the source word TOKENISM. The base word consists only of the letters T, O, K, E, N, I, S, and M. Since the letter A is missing from this set, any word requiring it cannot be constructed.

Explanation

The coding logic follows a forward shift of two positions in the English alphabet for each letter of the given word. In the word SQUALOR, the letter S (19th) becomes U (21st), Q (17th) becomes S (19th), U (21st) becomes W (23rd), A (1st) becomes C (3rd), L (12th) becomes N (14th), O (15th) becomes Q (17th), and R (18th) becomes T (20th). Applying this +2 positional shift to WHY, W (23rd) moves to Y (25th), H (8th) moves to J (10th), and Y (25th) moves to A (1st, by wrapping around the alphabet from Z back to A). Thus, WHY is coded as YJA.

Explanation

Based on the rules of the mathematical code language, the operators are substituted as follows: + is replaced by ×, - is replaced by +, × is replaced by ÷, and ÷ is replaced by -.

Substituting these into the given expression 9 + 3 - 72 × 6 ÷ 3, we get:

9 × 3 + 72 ÷ 6 - 3

According to the BODMAS rule, the operations must be performed in the order of Division, Multiplication, Addition, and then Subtraction.

First, perform the division: 72 ÷ 6 = 12

The expression now becomes: 9 × 3 + 12 - 3

Next, perform the multiplication: 9 × 3 = 27

The expression now becomes: 27 + 12 - 3

Then, perform the addition: 27 + 12 = 39

Finally, perform the subtraction: 39 - 3 = 36

Explanation

The numerical pattern used in the equations follows the formula A # B = (A - B)/(2).

Substituting the values from the given examples: For 19 # 13: (19 - 13)/(2) = ⁶⁄₂ = 3. For 25 # 3: (25 - 3)/(2) = ²²⁄₂ = 11. For 36 # 10: (36 - 10)/(2) = ²⁶⁄₂ = 13.

Applying this established pattern to the final expression: 7 # 3 = (7 - 3)/(2) = ⁴⁄₂ = 2.

Explanation

The numerical pattern followed in each row of the table is (Column 1 - Column 2) × Column 3 = Column 4. For the first row, the calculation is (10 - 4) × 2 = 6 × 2 = 12. For the third row, the calculation is (8 - 5) × 1 = 3 × 1 = 3. Applying this same logic to the second row, the equation becomes (7 - x) × 3 = 15. Dividing both sides of the equation by 3 results in 7 - x = 5. Solving for the unknown value gives x = 7 - 5 = 2.

Explanation

Let the starting point of both A and B be the origin (0, 0) on a Cartesian plane where the positive x-axis represents East and the negative y-axis represents South.

For person A: First, she runs 3 km West to reach (-3, 0). Next, she turns South and runs 5 km to reach (-3, -5). Then, she turns to her right. While facing South, a right turn leads West. She runs 7 km West, reaching the final coordinate (-3 - 7, -5), which is (-10, -5).

For person B: First, she runs 1 km South to reach (0, -1). Next, she turns to her right. While facing South, a right turn leads West. She runs 10 km West, reaching the final coordinate (0 - 10, -1), which is (-10, -1).

To find the position of B with respect to A, we compare their coordinates. Both A and B are at the same longitude (10 km West). The difference in their North-South positions is calculated as y_B - y_A = -1 - (-5) = 4 km. Since the result is positive, B is 4 km North of A.

Explanation

Argument I is strong because it is based on empirical evidence and statistical data. In logical reasoning, an argument that cites data or research to show a direct negative impact on public safety—such as an increase in accidents—is considered a substantive and valid point. If the primary purpose of a speed breaker is safety, but objective data indicates that they are counterproductive and lead to more accidents due to factors like poor visibility or mechanical failure, then the argument for banning them is logically grounded in factual outcomes. Decisions concerning public infrastructure are most effective when they prioritize measurable safety results over subjective intentions.

Explanation

Let the present ages of Parvez and Manish be P and M respectively. The problem states that six years ago, Parvez's age was equal to Manish's present age, giving the equation P - 6 = M. It is also given that Parvez's present age is one-fourth more than Manish's present age, which is expressed as P = M + ¼M = ⁵⁄₄M.

Substituting P = ⁵⁄₄M into the first equation: ⁵⁄₄M - 6 = M ⁵⁄₄M - M = 6 ¼M = 6 M = 24

With M = 24, Parvez's present age is P = 24 + 6 = 30 years. We need to find the number of years t after which Parvez's age (P + t) will be double Manish's present age (2M). 30 + t = 2 × 24 30 + t = 48 t = 48 - 30 t = 18

Explanation

The word INFORMATION contains the letters I, N, F, O, R, M, A, and T. To form the word MATER, the letters M, A, T, E, and R are required. Upon comparing these required letters with the source word, the letter E is found to be missing from INFORMATION. Therefore, MATER cannot be formed using the letters of the given word.

Explanation

The numerical sequence follows a pattern where the first and third numbers are multiplied, and the square of the fifth number is subtracted from this product. The second and fourth numbers, 0 and 6, act as operational delimiters where 0 represents multiplication and 6 represents the subtraction of the square of the following number.

For the first equation: 8 × 12 - 6² = 96 - 36 = 60

For the second equation: 13 × 15 - 11² = 195 - 121 = 74

Applying the same logic to the target expression: 18 × 21 - 15² = 378 - 225 = 153

Explanation

The letter series can be analyzed by dividing it into groups of four letters. By examining the fixed positions of the letters b and c, we can identify an arithmetic pattern for their placement.

The letter b is positioned at indices 6, 10, 14, and 18. This indicates that b occurs at every position x where x = 4n - 2. Following this rule, the first gap at position 2 must be b.

The letter c is positioned at indices 3 and 11. This suggests a pattern where c occurs at positions x = 4n - 1. Following this rule, the second gap at position 7 should be c, the fourth gap at position 15 should be c, and the sixth gap at position 19 should be c.

Comparing these requirements with the given options: Option a begins with c, which contradicts the requirement for b at position 2. Option c begins with a, which also contradicts the requirement for b at position 2. Option d begins with b, but its second letter is b, which would place b at position 7. As established, position 7 belongs to the sequence for c (4n-1). Option b (bcaacc) correctly places b at position 2 and c at position 7.

By filling the series with the letters from option b, we get: a (b) c a / a b (c) a / (a) b c a / a b (a) a / (c) b (c) a

In this sequence, the pattern abca repeats for the first three blocks. In the final two blocks, the total count of each letter is maintained (a:b:c in a 2:1:1 ratio), although the specific positions of one a and one c are swapped between the fourth and fifth blocks. Option b is the only choice that maintains the structural consistency of the first half of the series.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where the difference between consecutive terms increases in powers of 3. By calculating the differences between the given numbers, we observe a geometric progression:

10 - 9 = 1 = 3⁰ 13 - 10 = 3 = 3¹ 22 - 13 = 9 = 3² 49 - 22 = 27 = 3³

Following this logic, the difference between the fifth term and the missing sixth term should be the next power of 3, which is 3⁴ = 81. Adding this value to the current term yields the missing number:

49 + 81 = 130

Explanation

The logic followed in the given sequences is that the middle number is the square of the difference between the two outer numbers.

In the first case, 14 (16) 18: |14 - 18| = 4 4² = 16

In the second case, 33 (64) 25: |33 - 25| = 8 8² = 64

Applying the same logic to 25 (49) A: The middle number is 49, and √(49) = 7. Thus, the absolute difference between 25 and A must be 7. |25 - A| = 7

This gives two possible values for A: 25 - A = 7 ⟹ A = 18 A - 25 = 7 ⟹ A = 32

Since both values satisfy the mathematical relationship established by the previous patterns, A can be either 32 or 18.

Explanation

The analogy establishes a relationship between a location and the group of people associated with it. In a professional setting like an Office, the individuals one works with are referred to as Colleagues. Applying the same logic to a domestic setting, the individuals one lives with in a Home are referred to as Family.

Explanation

The relationship between the letter clusters is defined by a constant subtraction of 6 from the alphabetical position of each letter. In the first pair XVT : RPN, the transformation is as follows: X (24) - 6 = R (18) V (22) - 6 = P (16) T (20) - 6 = N (14)

Applying this same n - 6 logic to the letters L (12), the implicit middle letter J (10), and H (8): L (12) - 6 = F (6) J (10) - 6 = D (4) H (8) - 6 = B (2)

Mapping the resulting numerical values 6, 4, and 2 back to the alphabet yields the letters F, D, and B.

Explanation

The relationship follows the pattern x : √x, where the second term is the square root of the first term.

In the first pair, the square root of 0.04 is calculated as: √(0.04) = √(⁴⁄₁₀₀) = ²⁄₁₀ = 0.2

Applying the same logic to the second pair: √(0.09) = √(⁹⁄₁₀₀) = ³⁄₁₀ = 0.3

Alternatively, the first term is the square of the second term, since 0.2² = 0.04 and 0.3² = 0.09.

Explanation

A bed is primarily used for sleeping or reclining in a lying position. This distinguishes it from the other alternatives, which are all categorized as seating furniture specifically designed for a sitting posture.

Explanation

The letters in the set CEG correspond to the 3rd, 5th, and 7th positions in the English alphabet. Each of these numerical values is a prime number. In contrast, the letters in the other sets occupy positions that are composite numbers, such as 9, 12, 14, 15, 18, 20, 21, and 26.

Explanation

The number 82 is an even number, while 75, 65, and 85 are all odd numbers. Additionally, 82 is not divisible by 5, whereas the others are multiples of 5.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where each word starts with the last two letters of the preceding word. The word isobar ends in ar, which starts artist. The word artist ends in st, which starts statute. The word statute ends in te, which starts teapot. The word teapot ends in ot, which starts otters. Since otters ends in the letters er, the next word in the sequence must begin with er. The word erect begins with these two letters, satisfying the established pattern of the series.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern based on the length of the string and the placement of the letter O. The number of characters in each successive term increases by one: the first term has 2, the second has 3, the third has 4, the fourth has 5, and the fifth has 6. Consequently, the missing sixth term must contain 7 characters.

The positioning of the letter O alternates between terms. Odd-numbered terms in the sequence consist entirely of the letter X. Even-numbered terms contain the letter O placed exactly in the center of the string. Since the missing term is the sixth term of the series, it must have 7 characters with an O in the middle at the fourth position, resulting in the pattern XXXOXXX.

Explanation

The given sequence is an arithmetic progression where each term is derived by subtracting a common difference from the previous term. To identify the pattern easily, the first term 3 can be expressed as a fraction with a denominator of 3, resulting in ⁹⁄₃. The series thus becomes ⁹⁄₃, ⁵⁄₃, ⅓, ?, -⁷⁄₃, -¹¹⁄₃.

By comparing the numerators of the known consecutive terms, we see that they decrease by 4 each time (9 - 4 = 5 and 5 - 4 = 1). This indicates that the common difference d of the series is -⁴⁄₃. Applying this common difference to the third term to find the missing value:

Missing term = ⅓ - ⁴⁄₃ = (1 - 4)/(3) = ⁻³⁄₃ = -1

We can verify this by subtracting the common difference from -1 to get the next term: -1 - ⁴⁄₃ = -³⁄₃ - ⁴⁄₃ = -⁷⁄₃, which matches the next number in the provided series.

Explanation

To find the day of the week for Samar's birthday, calculate the total number of days between June 30 and November 15 in the same year. Starting from June 30, the number of days in the subsequent months are: 31 days in July, 31 days in August, 30 days in September, 31 days in October, and 15 days in November.

Total days = 31 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 15 = 138 days.

To find the number of odd days, divide the total number of days by 7: 138 ÷ 7 = 19 weeks and 5 odd days.

Since June 30 is a Friday, adding 5 odd days to Friday results in Wednesday (Friday + 1 = Saturday, + 2 = Sunday, + 3 = Monday, + 4 = Tuesday, + 5 = Wednesday).

Explanation

The total sum of all four boxes is 100 + 70 + 50 + 90 = 310 kg. A total weight of 230 kg can only be achieved if a specific subset of the boxes is excluded from this total such that the sum of the excluded boxes equals 310 - 230 = 80 kg. By inspecting the given weights {100, 70, 50, 90}, we find that no single box weighs 80 kg. Furthermore, the sum of any combination of two or more boxes must be at least 120 kg, because the two smallest available weights are 50 kg and 70 kg, and 50 + 70 = 120 kg. Since it is impossible to form a subset of boxes that sums to exactly 80 kg, the total weight of 230 kg cannot be produced by any combination of these boxes used only once.

Explanation

The word SCARE cannot be formed from the letters of RECLINES because it contains the letter A. Upon examining the letter composition of RECLINES, we find the letters R, E, C, L, I, N, E, and S. Since the letter A is completely absent from the original word, it is impossible to construct the word SCARE using the available characters.

Explanation

The coding scheme follows a pattern where each letter of the word is replaced by the letter immediately preceding it in the English alphabet, which is a shift of -1. For the word REGAINS, the transformation is: R - 1 = Q E - 1 = D G - 1 = F A - 1 = Z I - 1 = H N - 1 = M S - 1 = R

Applying this same logic to the word PRY: The letter preceding P is O. The letter preceding R is Q. The letter preceding Y is X.

Combining these letters results in the code OQX.

Explanation

The given code language establishes a substitution pattern for mathematical operators. Based on the rules provided and the logical completion of operator pairs, '+' represents '×', '-' represents '+', '÷' represents '-', and '×' represents '÷'. Substituting these operators into the original expression 45 × 5 + 2 - 20 transforms it into the following calculation:

45 ÷ 5 × 2 + 20

Applying the BODMAS rule (Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction), the operations are performed in order:

Step 1 (Division): 45 ÷ 5 = 9 Step 2 (Multiplication): 9 × 2 = 18 Step 3 (Addition): 18 + 20 = 38

Explanation

The pattern follows the mathematical relation x@y = (x + y) × 10. By applying this formula to the given examples, the logic is verified as follows:

For 5@1, the sum is 5 + 1 = 6, and 6 × 10 = 60. For 12@8, the sum is 12 + 8 = 20, and 20 × 10 = 200. For 16@2, the sum is 16 + 2 = 18, and 18 × 10 = 180.

To find the value of 16@10, the same logic is applied by first calculating the sum of the two operands: 16 + 10 = 26

Multiplying this sum by the constant multiplier 10 provides the final result: 26 × 10 = 260

Explanation

The numbers in each row follow the mathematical relationship where the difference between the first and second columns equals the third column, expressed as C₁ - C₂ = C₃.

In the second row, 87 - 78 = 9. Similarly, in the third row, 103 - 78 = 25. Applying this established pattern to the first row, the missing value x is calculated as:

104 - x = 57 x = 104 - 57 x = 47

Explanation

Let the common starting point be the origin (0, 0). Woman A walks 150 m West to the point (-150, 0), then turns left (South) and walks 160 m, reaching her final position at A(-150, -160). Woman B walks 140 m East to the point (140, 0), then turns South and walks 160 m to reach (140, -160). From there, B turns left (East) and walks 120 m, reaching her final position at B(140 + 120, -160), which is (260, -160). To find the position of B with respect to A, we calculate the displacement between their final coordinates. Both are at the same latitude y = -160, so the vertical distance is zero. The horizontal distance is the difference between their x-coordinates: 260 - (-150) = 260 + 150 = 410 m. Since B is located at a position further East on the x-axis compared to A, B is 410 m East with respect to A.

Explanation

Argument I is strong because it addresses a logical and objective concern regarding public health and sanitation. Spitting in public places, which is a common consequence of consuming paan, results in the defacement of public property and creates unhygienic conditions that can facilitate the spread of diseases. Proposing a punishment to prevent environmental degradation and maintain cleanliness is a rational approach to safeguarding the public interest, making the argument logically sound and substantial.

Explanation

The relationship established in the first pair is based on a sensory organ and its primary physiological function. The tongue is the biological organ responsible for the sense of taste. Applying the same logic to the second pair, the nose is the primary organ of the olfactory system, and its specific sensory function is the perception of smell.

Explanation

The relationship between the first pair of letter clusters follows a constant addition pattern based on the alphabetical positions of the letters. For the first pair FDH : LJN, the transformation is as follows:

F (6) + 6 = L (12) D (4) + 6 = J (10) H (8) + 6 = N (14)

By applying the same logic of adding 6 to the numerical position of each letter in the third cluster RPT, we determine the missing cluster:

R (18) + 6 = X (24) P (16) + 6 = V (22) T (20) + 6 = Z (26)

Following this +6 shift for each corresponding letter, the resulting letters are XVZ.

Explanation

The relationship between the first pair of numbers is based on a common ratio of 3 : 4. The number 39 can be written as 13 × 3, and the number 52 can be written as 13 × 4. To find the missing number in the second pair, we apply the same logic to 51. Since 51 is the product of 17 and 3 (17 × 3 = 51), the corresponding number must be the product of 17 and 4. Multiplying 17 by 4 results in 68.

Explanation

Nylon is a synthetic fiber created through chemical synthesis, specifically categorized as a polyamide. Unlike the other materials listed, which are natural fibers derived from biological sources such as plants or animals, nylon is man-made and produced in industrial laboratories using petroleum-based chemicals.

Explanation

The letter group ZXV follows a numerical pattern where the positional values of the letters decrease by a constant of 2 (Z=26, X=24, V=22). This specific interval distinguishes it from the other letter groups, which all adhere to a consistent pattern of decreasing by 3 between successive letters (Posₙ - Posₙ₊₁ = 3). By comparing the numerical gaps, ZXV is the only set that deviates from the common difference of 3.

Explanation

The number 15 is an odd number, whereas all the other numbers in the given set are even. An even number is an integer that is divisible by 2 with no remainder, whereas 15 is not divisible by 2 and leaves a remainder of 1. Additionally, 15 is the only value in the selection that is not a multiple of 20.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern based on the number of letters in each word, which alternates between 7 and 8 letters:

Pension: P-E-N-S-I-O-N (7 letters) Aptitude: A-P-T-I-T-U-D-E (8 letters) Captain: C-A-P-T-A-I-N (7 letters) Tropical: T-R-O-P-I-C-A-L (8 letters) Survive: S-U-R-V-I-V-E (7 letters)

Following the alternating sequence 7, 8, 7, 8, 7, the missing word must contain 8 letters. Tetrapod is the only word among the choices that has exactly 8 letters (T-E-T-R-A-P-O-D). Additionally, the letter p moves one position to the right in each word of the sequence where it is present (1st in Pension, 2nd in Aptitude, 3rd in Captain, 4th in Tropical, and 6th in Tetrapod), further confirming the selection.

Explanation

The first letters of the terms in the series follow an arithmetic progression with a common difference of +4: D (4) +4 H (8) +4 L (12) +4 P (16) +4 T (20) Following this pattern, the first letter of the next term is 20 + 4 = 24, which corresponds to the letter X.

Each term consists of a first letter at an even position n and the two odd-positioned letters immediately adjacent to it in the alphabet (n-1 and n+1). In most of the given terms—DEC (4, 5, 3), HIG (8, 9, 7), LMK (12, 13, 11), and TUS (20, 21, 19)—the arrangement follows the sequence: n, n+1, n-1.

Applying this arrangement to the next starting letter X (24): n = 24 (X) n+1 = 25 (Y) n-1 = 23 (W)

This results in the term XYW.

Explanation

The given sequence is a geometric progression where each term is obtained by multiplying the preceding term by a constant common ratio r. To find the common ratio, we divide the second term by the first term: r = -20 / 100 = -0.2.

Applying this ratio to the subsequent terms confirms the pattern: -20 × (-0.2) = 4. To find the missing fourth term, we multiply the third term by the common ratio: 4 × (-0.2) = -0.8.

We can verify this result by continuing the multiplication for the remaining terms in the series: -0.8 × (-0.2) = 0.16 and 0.16 × (-0.2) = -0.032, which match the values provided in the question.

Explanation

To find the day of the week for Reynash's birthday, we calculate the total number of days from June 1st to December 3rd in the same year. The number of days in each intervening month are: June (remaining days) = 30 - 1 = 29, July = 31, August = 31, September = 30, October = 31, November = 30, and December = 3.

The total number of days is 29 + 31 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 3 = 185 days.

To find the number of odd days, we divide the total number of days by 7: 185 = (7 × 26) + 3

There are 3 odd days. Given that Chirag's birthday on June 1st is a Thursday, we count 3 days forward from Thursday: Thursday + 1 day = Friday Thursday + 2 days = Saturday Thursday + 3 days = Sunday

Reynash's birthday on December 3rd falls on a Sunday.

Explanation

The total weight of all four boxes is 20 + 30 + 40 + 50 = 140 kg. In any combination where boxes are used only once, the total weight must be the sum of all boxes minus the weight of the boxes excluded from that combination. To obtain a total weight of 130 kg, the excluded box or boxes would need to have a combined weight of 140 - 130 = 10 kg. Given that the smallest available box weighs 20 kg, it is impossible to exclude a weight of exactly 10 kg. Since 10 kg cannot be formed by any box or combination of boxes, the sum of 130 kg cannot be achieved.

Explanation

The word IDEAL cannot be formed from the given word ORDINALS because it contains the letter E. Upon examining the letters available in ORDINALS, which are O, R, D, I, N, A, L, and S, it is evident that the letter E is not present in the source set. Therefore, any word requiring an E cannot be constructed using only the letters provided.

Explanation

The coding pattern follows a constant subtraction of 2 from the alphabetical position of each letter in the given word. In the word QUICKLY, each letter is shifted two places back: Q (17) - 2 = O (15), U (21) - 2 = S (19), I (9) - 2 = G (7), C (3) - 2 = A (1), K (11) - 2 = I (9), L (12) - 2 = J (10), and Y (25) - 2 = W (23).

Applying this same logic to the word HUE: The first letter H is the 8th letter of the alphabet, so 8 - 2 = 6, which corresponds to F. The second letter U is the 21st letter, so 21 - 2 = 19, which corresponds to S. The third letter E is the 5th letter, so 5 - 2 = 3, which corresponds to C. Following this numerical transformation, the code for HUE is FSC.