SSC CGL Tier 1 2016 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

Each letter cluster except KIMP follows a consistent mathematical pattern based on the alphabetical positions of the letters. In DAEH (4, 1, 5, 8), HEIL (8, 5, 9, 12), and FCGJ (6, 3, 7, 10), the sequence of differences between consecutive letters is -3, +4, and +3. Specifically, for DAEH: 4 - 3 = 1, 1 + 4 = 5, and 5 + 3 = 8. For HEIL: 8 - 3 = 5, 5 + 4 = 9, and 9 + 3 = 12. For FCGJ: 6 - 3 = 3, 3 + 4 = 7, and 7 + 3 = 10. However, KIMP (11, 9, 13, 16) follows a sequence of -2, +4, and +3 (11 - 2 = 9, 9 + 4 = 13, 13 + 3 = 16). The difference between the first and second letter in KIMP is -2 instead of -3, making it the odd alternative.

Explanation

The numerical pair 28-4 is the odd one out because it follows the relation x = 7y, where the first number is exactly seven times the second. The rest of the pairs follow a specific pattern defined by the formula x = 7y + 1, where the first number is one greater than seven times the second number. Since 28 divided by 4 leaves a remainder of 0 rather than 1, it deviates from the mathematical logic shared by the other alternatives.

Explanation

To arrange the words in alphabetical order as found in a dictionary, we compare them letter by letter from the beginning. All four words share the same first six letters: D-I-R-E-C-T. We then examine the seventh letter of each word. In Directed (2), the seventh letter is e. In Direction (1) and Directing (4), the seventh letter is i. In Director (3), the seventh letter is o. Since e comes before i and o in the alphabet, Directed (2) is the first word in the sequence. Next, we compare Direction (1) and Directing (4) by looking at their eighth letters because they share the same seventh letter i. Directing (4) has n as its eighth letter, while Direction (1) has o. Since n precedes o alphabetically, Directing (4) comes before Direction (1). Finally, Director (3) is placed last because its seventh letter o comes after both e and i. This results in the order 2, 4, 1, 3.

Explanation

The series follows three distinct alphabetical patterns for each position in the triplet. The first letter of each term increases by one position in the alphabet: I (9), J (10), K (11), L (12), M (13), leading to the next letter N (14). The second letter of each term also increases by one position: G (7), H (8), I (9), J (10), K (11), which results in the next letter L (12). The third letter of each term decreases by one position in the alphabet: T (20), S (19), R (18), Q (17), P (16), which leads to the next letter O (15). Combining these transitions, the missing term is NLO.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where the difference between consecutive terms doubles at each step. By calculating the differences between the given terms, we see that 10 - 6 = 4, 18 - 10 = 8, and 34 - 18 = 16. The differences are 4, 8, 16, which represents a geometric progression with a common ratio of 2.

Following this pattern, the next difference must be 16 × 2 = 32. Adding this difference to the fourth term gives 34 + 32 = 66. To verify the consistency of the series, the subsequent difference should be 32 × 2 = 64. Adding this to our calculated term confirms the final value in the series: 66 + 64 = 130. Alternatively, the series can be expressed by the formula Tₙ = 2 × Tₙ₋₁ - 2, where 2 × 34 - 2 = 66.

Explanation

To solve this blood relation puzzle, analyze the description from the perspective of the speaker, Monica. The phrase my father's only daughter refers to Monica herself, as she is the daughter of her father and there are no other sisters. By substituting this back into the statement, Reeta is the only daughter of Monica. This directly establishes that Monica is the mother of Reeta.

Explanation

The total number of students in a row is calculated using the formula Total = (Position from Left + Position from Right) - 1. After John and Johnson interchange their positions, John occupies the spot where Johnson was originally standing. Since Johnson was 8th from the right, John is now 8th from the right. The problem states that John is also 33rd from the left in this new position. By applying the formula to John's new position, we get Total = 33 + 8 - 1. Solving this yields 41 - 1, resulting in a total of 40 students.

Explanation

The word ADMISSION contains the letters A (1), D (1), M (1), I (2), S (2), O (1), and N (1). To form the word DISMISS, one requires the letters D (1), I (2), S (3), and M (1). Since DISMISS requires three instances of the letter S but the parent word ADMISSION only provides two, the word cannot be constructed from the given letters.

Explanation

The coding logic for the word TEACHER to QBXZEBO is a consistent shift of -3 positions in the alphabet for each letter: T (20) - 3 = Q (17) E (5) - 3 = B (2) A (1/27) - 3 = X (24) C (3) - 3 = Z (26) H (8) - 3 = E (5) E (5) - 3 = B (2) R (18) - 3 = O (15)

Applying this same -3 shift to the word STUDENT: S (19) - 3 = P (16) T (20) - 3 = Q (17) U (21) - 3 = R (18) D (4) - 3 = A (1) E (5) - 3 = B (2) N (14) - 3 = K (11) T (20) - 3 = Q (17) The resulting code is PQRABKQ. Although the provided option B contains a minor typo (O instead of Q), it is the only 7-letter option that follows this logic and matches the expected result.

Explanation

According to the rules of symbol substitution provided in the question: × represents +

• represents ÷

• represents × ÷ represents -

Applying these substitutions to the equation in option (c): 16 + 5 - 10 × 4 ÷ 3 = 9

The converted equation is: 16 × 5 ÷ 10 + 4 - 3 = 9

Using the BODMAS rule (Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction) to solve the left-hand side:

Step 1: Perform Division 16 × (5 ÷ 10) + 4 - 3 16 × 0.5 + 4 - 3

Step 2: Perform Multiplication 8 + 4 - 3

Step 3: Perform Addition and Subtraction 12 - 3 = 9

Since the result is 9, the equation is correct.

Explanation

The numerical operations in this logic puzzle follow a specific positional rearrangement pattern rather than standard multiplication. Given a set of three numbers in the form A × B × C, the result is obtained by concatenating the digits in the order BCA.

In the first example, 4 × 5 × 2 results in 524, where A=4, B=5, C=2. Following the BCA sequence, B(5) comes first, followed by C(2), and finally A(4).

In the second example, 3 × 7 × 2 results in 723, where A=3, B=7, C=2. Arranging them as BCA gives 723.

In the third example, 6 × 8 × 7 results in 876, where A=6, B=8, C=7. Arranging them as BCA gives 876.

Applying this same logic to the final expression 9 × 4 × 5, we have A=9, B=4, and C=5. Arranging these digits in the BCA pattern yields 459.

Explanation

The pattern in the given matrix is based on the sum of the numbers in each column. The sum of the numbers in each of the first two columns is constant, and the same logic applies to the third column.

For the first column: 43 + 21 + 35 = 99

For the second column: 25 + 40 + 34 = 99

Following this logic for the third column, let the missing number be x: x + 35 + 28 = 99 x + 63 = 99 x = 99 - 63 x = 36

Explanation

To determine the final position, we calculate the net displacement in the North-South and East-West directions separately. Using the starting point as the origin (0,0), North and East as positive directions, and South and West as negative:

The vertical (North-South) movement is 15 km (North) - 5 km (South) - 10 km (South). Note that the final turn to the right while facing East results in moving South. The net vertical displacement is 15 - 5 - 10 = 0 km.

The horizontal (East-West) movement is 10 km (West) - 8 km (East). The net horizontal displacement is 10 - 8 = 2 km towards the West.

Since the net vertical displacement is zero and the net horizontal displacement is 2 km West, Johnson is exactly 2 km West from his starting point.

Explanation

The first statement establishes that the set of all stenographers is a subset of lazy people. The second statement indicates that there is an intersection between the set of men and the set of stenographers. Since every individual in the stenographer set is also contained within the set of lazy people, any individual who is both a man and a stenographer must necessarily be lazy. This logical overlap confirms that there are at least some men who are lazy.

Explanation

The relationship established in the first pair is that of antonyms, where Dark is the direct opposite of Light. To complete the second pair, the word that is the direct opposite of Noise must be selected. Noise refers to a loud, unpleasant, or disruptive sound, whereas Quiet represents silence or the absence of such sound. Therefore, Quiet is the correct antonym to Noise.

Explanation

The relationship between the letters in the first two groups follows a consistent shift of +5 positions in the English alphabet. By mapping the numerical values of the letters in BECD, we get B (2), E (5), C (3), and D (4). Adding 5 to each value results in 7 (G), 10 (J), 8 (H), and 9 (I), which forms GJHI.

Applying the same logic to the group LOMN: L (12) + 5 = 17 (Q) O (15) + 5 = 20 (T) M (13) + 5 = 18 (R) N (14) + 5 = 19 (S)

Following the sequence of calculations, the resulting letters are Q, T, R, and S.

Explanation

The numerical relationship follows the pattern of n³ : (n+2)³. In the first pair, the number 27 is the cube of 3, expressed as 3³. The second number 125 is the cube of 5, expressed as 5³, where 5 = 3 + 2. Applying this logic to the second pair, the number 64 is the cube of 4, expressed as 4³. To find the missing value, we increase the base by 2 to get 4 + 2 = 6. Calculating the cube of 6 gives 6³ = 216.

Explanation

An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to determine the electric current in a circuit, typically measured in amperes. While meter, kilometre, and decimetre are all units of length within the metric system used to quantify physical distance, an ammeter is a physical device or tool used for measurement rather than being a unit of measurement itself.

Explanation

The numerical position of letters in the English alphabet follows the relation P₂ - P₁ = 8 for the given pairs. For the pair CJ, the positions are C = 3 and J = 10. Calculating the difference gives 10 - 3 = 7. This discrepancy from the constant difference of 8 positions used in the other alternatives identifies this pair as the odd one.

Explanation

The arithmetic logic of the set is based on a constant difference of 9 between the two numbers in each pair. For the pair 33-41, the difference is 41 - 33 = 8. This calculation distinguishes it from the other pairs, such as 61 - 52 = 9, 81 - 72 = 9, and 63 - 54 = 9, which all maintain the uniform difference of 9.

Explanation

To arrange the words in dictionary order, we compare them letter by letter from left to right. All five words begin with the prefix PH. Comparing the third letter, PHONE (5) has O, while the other words have Y. Since O appears before Y in the alphabet, PHONE (5) is the first word in the sequence.

Among the remaining words, PHYSICAL (1), PHYSICS (2), PHYSIOLOGY (3), and PHYSICIAN (4) all share the prefix PHYSI. Examining the sixth letter, PHYSICAL, PHYSICS, and PHYSICIAN have I, whereas PHYSIOLOGY has O. Since I precedes O, PHYSIOLOGY (3) is the last word among this group.

To order the three remaining words, PHYSICAL (1), PHYSICIAN (4), and PHYSICS (2), we look at the seventh letter. PHYSICAL has A, PHYSICIAN has I, and PHYSICS has S. Arranging these seventh letters alphabetically gives the order A, then I, then S. This places PHYSICAL (1) second, PHYSICIAN (4) third, and PHYSICS (2) fourth. Concatenating these findings results in the sequence 5, 1, 4, 2, 3.

Explanation

The series follows a specific arithmetic progression for each character position within the letter triplets based on their numerical order in the alphabet. For the first letter, there is a constant increment of +3, shifting from B (position 2) to E (position 5) and then to H (position 8), making the next letter K (position 11). For the second letter, there is a constant decrement of -3, shifting from X (position 24) to U (position 21) and then to R (position 18), making the next letter O (position 15). For the third letter, there is a constant increment of +3, shifting from M (position 13) to P (position 16) and then to S (position 19), making the next letter V (position 22).

Explanation

The given series follows a pattern of alternating addition and subtraction operations. Starting from the first term, the sequence is formed by adding 4 and then subtracting 7. Specifically, 68 + 4 = 72, 72 - 7 = 65, 65 + 4 = 69, 69 - 7 = 62, and 62 + 4 = 66. Applying the next step in this logical sequence, we subtract 7 from the current term: 66 - 7 = 59.

The series can also be interpreted as two interleaved sequences where each term decreases by 3. The first sequence at odd positions is 68, 65, 62, and the second sequence at even positions is 72, 69, 66. The missing term is the fourth term of the first sequence, calculated as 62 - 3 = 59.

Explanation

To determine the relationship, the statement is broken down from the end. The phrase grandson of my mother refers to Mohan's son. The statement identifies the girl as the wife of this grandson. Since the girl is the wife of Mohan's son, Mohan is the father of the girl's husband. In standard family relationships, the father of one's husband is the father-in-law.

Explanation

The seating arrangement is determined by ordering the members according to their relative positions. The first statement indicates that the order of the first three members is C - A - B, since A is right of C and left of B. The second statement places E to the left of C and right of D, creating the sequence D - E - C - A - B. Finally, the third statement specifies that D is to the right of F, which places F at the leftmost position. Combining these positions results in the final sequence F - D - E - C - A - B. The members at the extreme ends of this row are F and B.

Explanation

The word ABILITY requires the letter A, which is not present in the given word LEGIBILITY. The source word LEGIBILITY consists of the letters L, E, G, I, B, I, L, I, T, and Y. Since the letter A is completely absent from this set, the word ABILITY cannot be formed.

Explanation

The numerical value for each word is calculated by summing the positional values of its letters in the English alphabet, where A = 1, B = 2, ..., and Z = 26.

For REDUCE: R(18) + E(5) + D(4) + U(21) + C(3) + E(5) = 56.

For RECYCLE: R(18) + E(5) + C(3) + Y(25) + C(3) + L(12) + E(5) = 71.

Applying the same logic to REUSE: R(18) + E(5) + U(21) + S(19) + E(5) = 68.

Explanation

Following the decoded mathematical operators provided in the question: ÷ is replaced by +

• is replaced by ×

• is replaced by ÷ × is replaced by -

The original expression is 16 ÷ 8 - 4 + 2 × 4. By substituting the operators according to the given conditions, the expression becomes: 16 + 8 × 4 ÷ 2 - 4

According to the BODMAS rule, the operations must be performed in the order of Division, Multiplication, Addition, and then Subtraction: Step 1 (Division): 4 ÷ 2 = 2. The expression simplifies to 16 + 8 × 2 - 4. Step 2 (Multiplication): 8 × 2 = 16. The expression simplifies to 16 + 16 - 4. Step 3 (Addition and Subtraction): 32 - 4 = 28.

Explanation

The pattern in the given equations follows a specific rearrangement of digits. If the input is represented as a × b × c, the output is formed by the sequence c a b. For the first equation 2 × 3 × 5, the result is 523 (where c=5, a=2, and b=3). In the second equation 6 × 4 × 1, the result is 164 (where c=1, a=6, and b=4). In the third equation 8 × 2 × 4, the result is 482 (where c=4, a=8, and b=2). Applying this consistent logic to the unsolved equation 6 × 8 × 2, the digits are a=6, b=8, and c=2. Placing them in the c a b order yields the result 268.

Explanation

The logic followed in the given grid is that the product of the first three numbers in each column results in the fourth number at the bottom of the column.

In the first column: 5 × 6 × 8 = 240. In the second column: 5 × 8 × 12 = 480.

Applying the same mathematical pattern to the third column: 15 × 6 × x = 450 90 × x = 450 x = ⁴⁵⁰⁄₉₀ = 5

Explanation

Let the starting position of Rimi be the origin (0, 0) on a Cartesian plane where the Y-axis represents North-South and the X-axis represents East-West. Moving 20 km North reaches the point (0, 20). Turning West for 15 km shifts the position to (-15, 20). Turning South for 10 km results in the point (-15, 20 - 10), which is (-15, 10). Finally, moving 15 km East results in the point (-15 + 15, 10), which simplifies to (0, 10). Since her final coordinate has a positive value on the Y-axis and zero on the X-axis, she is located directly North of her starting point.

Explanation

The logic of the syllogism can be determined using set theory. Let C represent the set of cars, B represent the set of buses, and V represent the set of caves. The statements provide that C ∩ B ≠ ∅ and C ⊆ V.

To validate Conclusion II, we examine the relationship between caves and buses. Since all cars are caves (C ⊆ V), any object that is a car is automatically a cave. The first statement establishes that there are some objects which are both cars and buses (C ∩ B ≠ ∅). Because these objects are cars, they must also be caves. Consequently, these objects are both caves and buses, proving that V ∩ B ≠ ∅. This confirms that some caves are buses.

To validate Conclusion IV, we apply the rule of conversion to the universal affirmative statement. The premise all cars are caves (C ⊆ V) implies that the set of caves contains the entire set of cars. In formal logic, the statement All A are B allows for the definite conclusion that Some B are A, provided set A is not empty. Since the first statement confirms the existence of cars, it follows with certainty that some caves are cars.

Explanation

The relationship in the first pair is that a square is a geometric figure bounded by lines. Specifically, a line is the fundamental segment that forms the perimeter of a square. Applying the same logic to the second pair, an arc is a portion of the circumference of a circle. A circle is the geometric shape defined by a continuous curved boundary made of arcs, mirroring the way a square is defined by a boundary made of lines.

Explanation

The relationship between the letter clusters in the pair FJSP : DLQR is established by applying a alternating numerical shift to the alphabetical position of each letter. The specific pattern followed is -2, +2, -2, +2. Applying this to the first term: F (6) - 2 = 4 (D), J (10) + 2 = 12 (L), S (19) - 2 = 17 (Q), and P (16) + 2 = 18 (R). Using this identical logic for the second pair starting with GMIL, the transformations are G (7) - 2 = 5 (E), M (13) + 2 = 15 (O), I (9) - 2 = 7 (G), and L (12) + 2 = 14 (N). This calculation yields the sequence EOGN.

Explanation

The numerical relationship between the terms in the first pair is established by dividing the first number by 7 to obtain the second number. In the ratio 21 : 3, the calculation is 21 ÷ 7 = 3. Following the same mathematical logic for the second pair, we divide 574 by 7. The division 574 ÷ 7 results in 82, establishing the identical proportional relationship across both sets of numbers.

Explanation

The Tabla is categorized as a percussion instrument, specifically a membranophone, as it produces sound by striking a stretched skin or membrane. The other three instruments belong to the category of stringed instruments, known as chordophones, which generate sound through the vibration of taut strings. This fundamental difference in the mechanism of sound production distinguishes the Tabla from the other musical instruments provided.

Explanation

The letter groups are constructed using a specific pattern of alphabetical positions n, n-1, n+2, n+1. This sequence implies that the second letter is one step behind the first, the third letter is three steps ahead of the second, and the fourth letter is one step behind the third, creating a shift pattern of -1, +3, -1. In the group VZXY, the alphabetical positions are V(22), Z(26), X(24), Y(25), which yields shifts of +4, -2, +1. This deviation from the n, n-1, n+2, n+1 logic identifies it as the odd one out.

Explanation

The number 279 is the odd one out because it is the only value in the set that is not divisible by 11. A standard property for three-digit numbers divisible by 11 is that the sum of the first and third digits equals the middle digit (if the sum is less than 10) or the alternating sum of digits is zero or a multiple of 11. For 279, the sum of the first and third digits is 2 + 9 = 11, which does not equal the middle digit 7. Applying the divisibility rule, (2 + 9) - 7 = 4, which is not a multiple of 11. Additionally, 279 is an odd number, whereas the other alternatives are all even numbers that are exactly divisible by 11.

Explanation

To arrange the words in dictionary order, we compare the letters of each word from left to right. All five words begin with the same three letters Sin. We then look at the fourth letter of each word to determine the sequence. Sincere (5) starts its fourth letter with c, Sinhalese (3) with h, Sinister (1) with i, and both Sinuous (2) and Sinusitis (4) with u. Following alphabetical order, c comes first, then h, then i, and finally u, establishing the initial sequence as 5, 3, 1 followed by 2 and 4.

To distinguish between Sinuous (2) and Sinusitis (4), we compare their fifth letters. Sinuous has the letter o at the fifth position, while Sinusitis has the letter s. Since o appears before s in the alphabet, Sinuous (2) precedes Sinusitis (4). Combining these steps, the complete alphabetical order for the words is 5, 3, 1, 2, 4.

Explanation

The series is formed by looking at the progression of letters in each position of the triplets:

First Letter: The sequence starts L, N, P, ... Following the alphabetical positions (L=12, N=14, P=16), the letters increase by 2. The next letter in this sequence is R (18).

Second Letter: The sequence starts M, O, Q, ... Following the alphabetical positions (M=13, O=15, Q=17), the letters also increase by 2. The next letter in this sequence is S (19).

Third Letter: The sequence is a straightforward alphabetical progression: A, B, C, ... The next letter is D.

Combining these results, the missing term is RSD. This pattern is further supported by the relationship between the first and second letters of each term, which are consecutive pairs in the alphabet: (L,M), (N,O), (P,Q), (R,S), and (S,T) for the final term STE. Similarly, the third letters form the continuous sequence A, B, C, D, E.

Explanation

The series follows a mathematical pattern where each subsequent term is obtained by adding consecutive even numbers to the previous term.

The difference between the first two terms is 43 - 41 = 2. The difference between the second and third terms is 47 - 43 = 4. The difference between the third and fourth terms is 53 - 47 = 6.

The differences themselves form an arithmetic progression: 2, 4, 6, ... which are consecutive even integers. To find the next term in the series, we must add the next even integer, which is 8, to the last given term. Thus, the missing term is 53 + 8 = 61.

Explanation

To solve this relationship puzzle, decompose the statement starting from the final descriptor. The phrase only son of my grandfather refers to Meera's father, as the only male child of her grandfather is her father. The boy is then defined as the son of this only son, which simplifies to the son of Meera's father. The male child of one's father is a brother.

Explanation

The total number of children in the row is n = 15. After Raju is shifted three places towards the right, his new position from the right end is rₙₑ_w = 8. To find his new position from the left end, we use the standard relation L + R - 1 = Total, which simplifies to L = Total - R + 1. Substituting the values, the new position from the left is lₙₑ_w = 15 - 8 + 1 = 8. Because this position was reached by shifting three places to the right, his original position from the left must be three places to the left of the current spot. Thus, his earlier position from the left end was 8 - 3 = 5.

Explanation

The word PRIMER requires two occurrences of the letter R to be formed. Upon examining the source word PREDICAMENT, it contains the letters P, R, E, D, I, C, A, M, E, N, and T. Since the letter R appears only once in PREDICAMENT, there are insufficient letters to construct the word PRIMER.

Explanation

Substitute the letters with their respective mathematical operators as given: P with +, M with ÷, Q with -, and L with ×. The expression 16P24M8Q6M2L3 transforms into:

16 + 24 ÷ 8 - 6 ÷ 2 × 3

Following the BODMAS rule, perform the division operations first:

16 + (24 ÷ 8) - (6 ÷ 2) × 3 16 + 3 - 3 × 3

Next, perform the multiplication:

16 + 3 - (3 × 3) 16 + 3 - 9

Finally, perform the addition and subtraction:

19 - 9 = 10

Explanation

The pattern follows the logic that the number within the parentheses is half the product of the two numbers outside. In the first set, the relationship is established as:

(15 × 14)/(2) = ²¹⁰⁄₂ = 105

Applying the same logic to the second set to find the missing number:

(13 × 12)/(2) = ¹⁵⁶⁄₂ = 78

Explanation

The pattern in the matrix is that the sum of the numbers in each column is constant at 280. For the second column, the sum is 120 + 100 + 60 = 280. For the third column, the sum is 150 + 90 + 40 = 280. To find the missing number in the first column, let it be x. The equation is x + 110 + 80 = 280. Simplifying this, x + 190 = 280, which yields x = 280 - 190 = 90.

Alternatively, the numbers in each row follow an arithmetic progression. In the third row, the common difference is 20, as seen in 80 - 60 = 20 and 60 - 40 = 20. In the second row, the common difference is 10, as seen in 110 - 100 = 10 and 100 - 90 = 10. In the first row, the difference between the third and second terms is 150 - 120 = 30. Following the progression, the first term is calculated as 120 - 30 = 90.

Explanation

Prabhu's movements can be mapped on a coordinate system. Let his house be the starting point at (0, 0). Moving 20 km to his friend's house places him at (0, 20). After turning right and traveling 15 km to the park, his position becomes (15, 20). Turning right again and traveling 18 km to the petrol bunk moves him to (15, 2), as this path is parallel to the first segment but in the opposite direction (20 - 18 = 2). His final right turn and travel of 15 km brings him to (0, 2), which lies on the original line of travel. The distance remaining to reach his house at (0, 0) is the difference in the y-coordinates, calculated as 2 - 0 = 2 km.

Explanation

Conclusion II is a direct logical consequence of the second statement through the rule of conversion. In categorical logic, a universal affirmative proposition of the form All A are B can be validly converted into a particular affirmative proposition of the form Some B are A. Applying this rule to the statement All insects are ants, it follows that Some ants are insects must be true.

Conclusion I, All files are ants, does not follow from the first statement Some files are ants. A particular affirmative proposition (Some) does not provide sufficient information to establish a universal affirmative proposition (All), as the existence of a part of a group sharing a property does not necessitate that every member of that group shares the same property. Thus, only the second conclusion is definitively supported by the given statements.

Explanation

The relationship in this analogy is based on the medium of travel and the corresponding man-made vessel or machine that operates within it. A bird is a natural organism that flies in the air, while an aeroplane is a man-made machine designed for flight in the same medium. Similarly, a fish is a natural organism that swims in water, and a boat is a man-made vessel designed for navigation and travel through water.