SSC CGL Tier 1 2012 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in the first pair follows the mathematical logic y = ˣ⁄₂ - 1. By substituting the first number, 6, into this formula, we get ⁶⁄₂ - 1 = 3 - 1 = 2. Applying this same rule to the second pair where the first number is 8, the calculation becomes ⁸⁄₂ - 1 = 4 - 1 = 3. This logic consistently explains the transformation from the first term to the second term in the analogy.

Explanation

The number 81 is a perfect square, defined by the formula n² = 81 where n = 9. In mathematical classification, the property of being a perfect square is a standard criterion for identifying an outlier. This integer is the product of 9 multiplied by itself, which is a specific arithmetic identity. Recognizing perfect squares is a fundamental strategy in numerical reasoning to isolate terms that follow exponential rules. This unique status as a square of a natural number makes 81 the odd element in the provided collection.

Explanation

The frog is distinguished from the other animals in the list by its smooth, moist, and naked skin which lacks any hard protective external structure. Unlike the frog, the other three animals possess a form of rigid outer covering or scales for protection. The tortoise is encased in a hard bony shell, the crab has a tough chitinous exoskeleton, and the fish is covered with scales. This biological difference in the integumentary system makes the frog the odd one out in this group.

Explanation

In the pair 186-69, the sum of the digits of the first number is equal to the sum of the digits of the second number. For the number 186, the digit sum is 1 + 8 + 6 = 15, and for the number 69, the digit sum is 6 + 9 = 15. This equality of the digit sums identifies this pair as the odd one out among the given alternatives.

Explanation

The pair (216, 02) is the odd one out because the number 02 is not a perfect cube. In this classification task, the consistent pattern is that both numbers in each pair are perfect cubes of integers. While 216 is the cube of 6 (6³ = 216), the number 2 does not satisfy the condition of being a cube (n³) of any integer. The other pairs follow a rule where both elements are cubes, such as 4³, 6³, 7³, 1³, 5³, and 3³.

Explanation

Arunachal Pradesh is geographically and administratively classified as part of the North-Eastern region of India and is one of the Seven Sister States. The other three entities, Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh, are all located within the Northern region of India, forming a contiguous geographical cluster. This distinction in regional classification makes Arunachal Pradesh the odd one out among the given alternatives.

Explanation

The sequence VEIDD is the odd one out because it cannot be rearranged to form an English number word. The letters V, E, I, D, and D do not spell any numeral, which distinguishes this sequence as the only alternative that does not represent a numerical value through an anagram.

Explanation

The number 27 is a composite number and a perfect cube, expressed as 3³ = 27. It is the odd one out because it is divisible by 3 and 9, whereas the other numbers in the group are prime numbers. A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself.

Explanation

The numbers 63852, 52638, and 85362 are all permutations of the same set of digits, which are 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8. Although all four options result in the same digit sum of 24, the number 28761 is the odd one out because it is composed of a different set of digits: 1, 2, 6, 7, and 8. Since the first, second, and fourth options are merely rearrangements of the same numerical components, 28761 does not belong to that group.

Explanation

A number is an abstract mathematical concept used for counting and expressing quantity. It represents a numerical value that signifies how many of an item exist rather than describing the physical attributes or dimensions of the item itself. While the other terms describe the physical properties, mass, or configuration of an object, a number is used solely for the purpose of enumeration and measurement of quantity.

Explanation

Agenda refers to a list of items, topics, or tasks to be discussed or dealt with at a meeting. In contrast, Commission, Team, and Board are collective nouns that represent organized groups or bodies of people working together toward a common goal or purpose. Therefore, while the others describe groups of individuals, an agenda describes a set of information or a program of work.

Explanation

The terms addition, multiplication, and division are all classified as nouns that define specific mathematical operations. Conversely, subtract is a verb that describes the action of performing an operation. To match the grammatical form of the other alternatives, the noun form subtraction would be required. Therefore, subtract is the odd word in the group because it functions as a different part of speech.

Explanation

The series follows a specific pattern based on the numerical positions of letters in the English alphabet. By identifying the positions, we can determine the progression of both the first and second letters in each pair.

For the first letter of each pair, the positions are D(4), G(7), I(9), N(14), and R(18). The differences between consecutive first letters are +3, +2, +5, and +4. This pattern consists of sets where an increment is followed by that increment minus one: (3, 2) and (5, 4). Following this logic, the next increment should be +3. Adding 3 to the position of R(18) results in 21, which corresponds to the letter U.

For the second letter of each pair, the positions are F(6), J(10), M(13), Q(17), and T(20). The differences between consecutive second letters follow a simple alternating pattern: +4, +3, +4, and +3. The next increment in this sequence is +4. Adding 4 to the position of T(20) results in 24, which corresponds to the letter X.

Furthermore, the internal difference between the two letters in each term follows the sequence 2, 3, 4, 3, 2. D-F is a gap of 2, G-J is 3, I-M is 4, N-Q is 3, and R-T is 2. The next term should have an internal gap of 3. In the pair UX, the distance between U(21) and X(24) is exactly 3, confirming the logic.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern based on the numerical positions of the letters in the English alphabet, where A = 1, B = 2, and so on. The given letters B, I, and P correspond to positions 2, 9, and 16 respectively. There is a constant difference of 7 between these consecutive terms, as 9 - 2 = 7 and 16 - 9 = 7. By adding 7 to the position of P, we get 16 + 7 = 23. The 23rd letter of the alphabet is W. This pattern is confirmed by the final letter D, because adding 7 to 23 results in 30, and in a cyclic alphabet of 26 letters, 30 - 26 = 4, which corresponds to D.

Explanation

The series follows a simple alphabetical progression for each position within the triplets. In the first position, the letters follow the sequence A, B, C, D, E, F. In the second position, the sequence also follows the standard alphabet: A, B, C, D, E, making the next letter F. In the third position, the sequence begins at C and moves forward: C, D, E, F, G, which leads to the next letter being H. Combining the missing second and third positions for the final term starting with F, we get FH to complete the triplet FFH.

Explanation

The series is formed by three independent alphabetical progressions for each letter position within the triplets. The first letter of each triplet follows a forward sequence of R, S, T, U, V, which leads to W as the next letter. The second letter follows an increasing alphabetical order of A, B, C, D, E, resulting in F as the next letter. The third letter follows a reverse alphabetical sequence of Z, Y, X, W, V, which leads to U. Combining these individual components yields the term WFU.

Explanation

The series is composed of four-letter blocks that follow the pattern aXXa, where the variable middle letter X progresses alphabetically through b, c, d, and e. Dividing the 16-character sequence into four segments reveals this logical structure.

The first block is a [b] ba, resulting in abba. The second block begins with the fifth position gap and includes the eighth character, which is [a] c [c] a, resulting in acca. The third block covers characters nine through twelve as ad [d] a, resulting in adda. The fourth block comprises the final four characters as a [e] ea, resulting in aeea.

Sequentially placing the letters b, a, c, d, and e into the five gaps completes this progression of abba, acca, adda, and aeea.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern of alternating blocks consisting of five letters each: aabaa and bbabb. By sequentially placing the letters from option c (b, a, b, b, a) into the five gaps, the sequence is completed in a symmetrical and periodic manner.

In the first segment aa_aa, the first letter b creates the unit aabaa. In the second segment bb_b_, the second and third letters, a and b, create the unit bbabb. The third segment aa_aa uses the fourth letter b to repeat the first unit, aabaa. Finally, the fourth segment bb_bb is completed by the fifth letter a to form the unit bbabb. The resulting completed series is aabaa bbabb aabaa bbabb, which maintains a consistent logical structure throughout.

Explanation

The coding logic follows the sum of the numerical positions of the letters in the English alphabet, multiplied by 2. For the word DEAF, the positions are D = 4, E = 5, A = 1, and F = 6. The sum of these positions is 4 + 5 + 1 + 6 = 16. Multiplying the sum by 2 gives 16 × 2 = 32.

Applying the same logic to the word LEAF, the positions are L = 12, E = 5, A = 1, and F = 6. The sum of these positions is 12 + 5 + 1 + 6 = 24. Multiplying this sum by 2 results in 24 × 2 = 48.

Explanation

The coding logic follows the reverse alphabetical order pattern, where each letter is replaced by its corresponding letter from the opposite end of the alphabet. In this pattern, the sum of the numerical positions of the original letter and its coded letter is always 27. For example, in CERTAIN, C (3) becomes X (24) because 3 + 24 = 27, and E (5) becomes V (22) because 5 + 22 = 27.

Applying this logic to REQUIRED: R (18) becomes I (9) since 27 - 18 = 9 E (5) becomes V (22) since 27 - 5 = 22 Q (17) becomes J (10) since 27 - 17 = 10 U (21) becomes F (6) since 27 - 21 = 6 I (9) becomes R (18) since 27 - 9 = 18 R (18) becomes I (9) since 27 - 18 = 9 E (5) becomes V (22) since 27 - 5 = 22 D (4) becomes W (23) since 27 - 4 = 23

The resulting code for REQUIRED is IVJFRIVW.

Explanation

The given expression is 18Q12P4R5S6. By substituting the mathematical operators represented by the letters, where Q is multiplication, P is division, R is addition, and S is subtraction, we get the following numerical expression:

18 × 12 ÷ 4 + 5 - 6

According to the BODMAS rule, we perform the operations in the order of Division, Multiplication, Addition, and then Subtraction.

First, perform the division: 12 ÷ 4 = 3

The expression becomes: 18 × 3 + 5 - 6

Next, perform the multiplication: 18 × 3 = 54

The expression becomes: 54 + 5 - 6

Now, perform the addition: 54 + 5 = 59

Finally, perform the subtraction: 59 - 6 = 53

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where the differences between consecutive terms form a sequence of decreasing odd numbers. Calculating the differences between the terms provided: 36 - 17 = 19 53 - 36 = 17 68 - 53 = 15 The differences are 19, 17, and 15, showing a consistent reduction of 2 at each step. Following this logic, the next difference should be 15 - 2 = 13. Adding this difference to the fourth term gives 68 + 13 = 81. To verify the pattern, the subsequent difference should be 13 - 2 = 11. Adding 11 to 81 results in 81 + 11 = 92, which matches the final number in the series. Therefore, 83 is the wrong number in the sequence as it should be 81.

Explanation

The word TALENT contains the letter E. The given word CONSTITUTIONAL consists of the letters C, O, N, S, T, I, U, A, and L. Because the letter E is not present in the original word, TALENT cannot be formed from its letters.

Explanation

The pattern is determined by the relationship between the first number in the expression and the given result. By observing the first two equations, it is evident that the result is consistently 10 less than the dividend.

25 - 10 = 15 30 - 10 = 20

Applying this constant subtraction rule to the third expression:

35 - 10 = 25

Alternatively, the logic can be viewed through the standard quotient. In each case, the dividend divided by the divisor equals 5. The given results follow an arithmetic progression increasing by 5 for each step: 15, 20, and 25.

Explanation

The pattern is based on the sum of the individual digits of the numbers on the left side. Let S be the sum of all digits in the expression.

For the first equation, 33 + 45 = 30: Sum of digits S = 3 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15. The result 30 is obtained using the formula R = 5S - 45, where 5(15) - 45 = 75 - 45 = 30.

For the second equation, 90 + 26 = 40: Sum of digits S = 9 + 0 + 2 + 6 = 17. Using the same formula, R = 5(17) - 45 = 85 - 45 = 40.

Now, apply this formula to the target expression 30 + 45: Sum of digits S = 3 + 0 + 4 + 5 = 12. Calculating the result: R = 5(12) - 45 = 60 - 45 = 15

Explanation

Let Shriram's present age be x and Sreedevi's present age be y. Based on the present age ratio given, we have the equation y = ⅚x. The couple has been married for 12 years, so their ages at the time of marriage were x - 12 and y - 12. According to the problem, at that time Sreedevi was 3/4 of Shriram's age, which gives the equation y - 12 = ¾(x - 12).

Substituting the first equation into the second, we get ⅚x - 12 = ¾(x - 12). Multiplying both sides by the least common multiple, 12, to clear the fractions, we get 10x - 144 = 9(x - 12). Expanding the right side results in 10x - 144 = 9x - 108. Rearranging the terms by subtracting 9x from both sides and adding 144 to both sides gives x = 144 - 108, which simplifies to x = 36. Substituting x = 36 back into the present age equation, we find y = ⅚ × 36 = 30. Thus, Shriram is 36 years old and Sreedevi is 30 years old.

Explanation

The pattern followed in these equations is the difference between the sum of the digits of the first number and the sum of the digits of the second number.

For the first equation 64 + 14 = 5: (6 + 4) - (1 + 4) = 10 - 5 = 5

For the second equation 92 + 31 = 7: (9 + 2) - (3 + 1) = 11 - 4 = 7

For the third equation 26 + 11 = 6: (2 + 6) - (1 + 1) = 8 - 2 = 6

Applying the same logic to the final expression 56 + 22: (5 + 6) - (2 + 2) = 11 - 4 = 7

Explanation

Let the starting point be O(0, 0). Sherly first moves 15m North to reach point A(0, 15). From A, he turns right (moving towards East) and travels 15m to reach point B(15, 15). Next, he performs three consecutive left turns. The first left turn directs him North for 10m, reaching C(15, 25). The second left turn directs him West for 15m, bringing him to point D(0, 25). The third left turn directs him South for 15m, ending at point E(0, 10). The vertical distance from the starting point O(0, 0) to the final position E(0, 10) is |10 - 0| = 10 metres.

Explanation

The distance of each person from the starting point is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem, d = √(x² + y²), where x and y are the horizontal and vertical displacements from the origin.

For Ram, the initial walk covers 6 km in one direction and the subsequent turn results in an 8 km walk perpendicular to the first path. His distance from the starting point is √(6² + 8²) = √(36 + 64) = √(100) = 10 km.

For Sham, the initial walk covers 8 km in the opposite direction and the subsequent turn results in a 6 km walk perpendicular to that path. His distance from the starting point is √(8² + 6²) = √(64 + 36) = √(100) = 10 km.

Explanation

The logical deduction follows from combining the two premises. Statement II states that some women are teachers (W ∩ T ≠ ∅), meaning there is at least one person who is both a woman and a teacher. Statement I states that all teachers are aged (T ⊆ A). Since every individual in the category of teachers is also in the category of aged people, any woman who is a teacher must necessarily be aged. This establishes that there is an intersection between the set of women and the set of aged individuals, which confirms that some women are aged.

Explanation

The given statements establish a transitive relationship between the three categories: Skaters (S), Good Swimmers (GS), and Runners (R). Since all skaters are good swimmers (S ⊆ GS) and all good swimmers are runners (GS ⊆ R), it logically follows that all skaters are runners (S ⊆ R). Conclusion I, which states that some runners are skaters, is the valid converse of the universal statement that all skaters are runners. Conclusion II, which states that some skaters are good swimmers, is a valid subaltern of the first statement; if the entire set of skaters is contained within the set of good swimmers, any subset or individual within that set must also be a good swimmer. Both conclusions are logically derived from the premises.

Explanation

By converting the serial numbers to their corresponding positions in the English alphabet where A=1, B=2, …, Z=26, the sequence 5, 18, 5, 8, 1, 3, 5, 20 translates to the letters E, R, E, H, A, C, E, T. This collection consists of eight letters, including three instances of the letter E. This specific set of characters does not form a standard meaningful English word. While other sequences provided in the problem consist of the seven letters required to form the word TEACHER, the inclusion of an additional letter E in this sequence prevents it from forming a valid word.

Explanation

The logic used for the coding is to sum the numerical positions of the letters in the word according to the English alphabet (A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26) and divide the total sum by 3. For the word LUXOR, the positional values are L=12, U=21, X=24, O=15, and R=18. Summing these values gives 12 + 21 + 24 + 15 + 18 = 90. Dividing the sum by 3 yields 90 / 3 = 30. Applying this same rule to the word GUILDS, the positional values are G=7, U=21, I=9, L=12, D=4, and S=19. The sum of these values is 7 + 21 + 9 + 12 + 4 + 19 = 72. Dividing this result by 3 gives 72 / 3 = 24.

Explanation

The provided sequence consists of 51 characters: X, N, F, A, P, S, R, W, L, T, M, D, E, X, M, G, B, C, X, Q, J, L, O, P, V, R, C, Q, J, Z, O, H, S, G, O, D, I, P, T, S, M, R, A, B, E, F, G, N, U, N, and E. Upon performing a character-by-character search through this list, the letter K is found to be entirely absent. Since the objective is to identify the alphabet that has not been used, the total absence of K from the string identifies it as the correct selection.

Explanation

To find the number of 9's that are both preceded and followed by numbers divisible by 2, we identify every 9 in the sequence and check the digits immediately to its left and right. A number is divisible by 2 if it is an even digit, specifically 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.

Scanning the given sequence: 8 9 6 5 3 5 9 6 8 3 4 9 6 5 2 6 9 7 3 7 2 9 4 1 3 7 9 4 1 7 3 4 9 8 4 5 3 9 7 6 1 5 3 1 9 5 7 4 2 9 6 8 5 3 2 9 5 7 4 8 9 4 5 1

The occurrences of 9 satisfying the condition (Even number - 9 - Even number) are:

8 9 6: 8 and 6 are even. 4 9 6: 4 and 6 are even. 2 9 4: 2 and 4 are even. 4 9 8: 4 and 8 are even. 2 9 6: 2 and 6 are even. 8 9 4: 8 and 4 are even.

Other 9's in the sequence do not fulfill the criteria: 5 9 6 (5 is odd), 6 9 7 (7 is odd), 7 9 4 (7 is odd), 3 9 7 (3 is odd), 1 9 5 (1 is odd), 2 9 5 (5 is odd).

There are 6 such instances of 9 in the string.

Explanation

The relationship in this analogy follows the pattern where the third and fourth terms are derived from the first and second terms respectively using the formula f(n) = n(n - 1).

For the first term 8, the corresponding third term is calculated as: 8 × (8 - 1) = 8 × 7 = 56

Applying the same mathematical logic to the second term 9, the missing fourth term is calculated as: 9 × (9 - 1) = 9 × 8 = 72

Explanation

The relationship in the analogy is based on the concept of opposite letters in the alphabet, where the sum of the positions of two corresponding letters is always 27. For the first pair, A (1st letter) corresponds to Z (26th letter), C (3rd letter) corresponds to X (24th letter), E (5th letter) corresponds to V (22nd letter), and G (7th letter) corresponds to T (20th letter). Following this same logic for the second pair, the letter B (2nd) maps to Y (25th), D (4th) maps to W (23rd), F (6th) maps to U (21st), and H (8th) maps to S (19th). This results in the sequence YWUS.

Explanation

The relationship between the first and second letter groups is established by shifting each letter forward by six positions in the English alphabet. In the first group BCFG, the position numbers of the letters are 2, 3, 6, and 7. Adding 6 to each of these positions gives 8, 9, 12, and 13, which correspond to the letters HILM. To find the missing term, the same logic is applied to the third group NORQ. The numerical positions of NORQ are 14, 15, 18, and 17. Adding 6 to each position results in 20, 21, 24, and 23. These numerical values correspond to the letters T, U, X, and W respectively, forming the sequence TUXW.

Explanation

The relationship between the first pair of words, Affluent and Opulent, is based on synonymy, as both terms describe a state of having a great deal of money or wealth. To maintain this logical relationship in the second pair, a synonym for Flourish must be identified. Flourish means to grow or develop in a healthy or vigorous way, especially as the result of a particularly favorable environment. Prosper is defined as succeeding in material terms, being financially successful, or thriving, which directly corresponds to the meaning of growing and developing vigorously. Therefore, Prosper is the synonym that completes the analogy.

Explanation

The relationship in the analogy follows the mathematical pattern n² : (n+1)² + 1. In the first pair, the number 25 is 5², and the corresponding number 37 is calculated as (5+1)² + 1, which equals 6² + 1 = 36 + 1 = 37.

Applying this same logic to the second pair, the number 49 is 7². The missing term is therefore (7+1)² + 1, which simplifies to 8² + 1 = 64 + 1 = 65.

Explanation

The pattern in this analogy is based on the reverse alphabetical position of each letter. In the English alphabet, a letter at position n from the beginning is paired with the letter at position n from the end. This can be calculated using the formula Position_Rₑᵥₑᵣₛₑ = 27 - Position_Oᵣᵢ_gᵢₙₐₗ. In the first pair, A (1) maps to Z (26), B (2) maps to Y (25), C (3) maps to X (24), and D (4) maps to W (23). Applying this rule to EFGH, the letter E (5) is replaced by V (22), F (6) is replaced by U (21), G (7) is replaced by T (20), and H (8) is replaced by S (19). This results in the sequence VUTS.

Explanation

The relationship between the terms follows a direct proportion based on the scaling factor between the first and third numbers. Since the third term, 28, is exactly 4 times the first term, 7 (7 × 4 = 28), the same logic is applied to the second term to find the fourth term. Multiplying the second term, 32, by the same factor of 4 yields the result: 32 × 4 = 128. This satisfies the proportional relationship a:b :: c:d where the ratio a/c = b/d is constant.

Explanation

The relationship in this analogy is based on a specific, high-intensity manner of performing a general action. To gulp is to drink something quickly or in large mouthfuls, representing an accelerated or more intense version of the base action, which is drinking. Following this logic, to rush is to move or proceed with great speed or haste, which is an accelerated and hurried manner of the base action, which is to go. The analogy pairs a specialized verb of motion with its more neutral and general counterpart.

Explanation

The relationship between the first two words, joy and delight, is based on synonymy, as both terms express a high degree of happiness or pleasure. To maintain the same relationship for the second pair, a synonym for gloomy must be identified. Gloomy refers to a state or atmosphere that is dark, dismal, or lacking in cheerfulness. Dull is a synonym that describes something as lacking brightness, vividness, or spirit, making it the appropriate semantic match for gloomy within the analogy.

Explanation

In the English alphabet, the position of letters can be represented by their numerical values. The pairs NQ, HK, and CF all follow a pattern where the second letter is exactly 3 positions ahead of the first letter. Specifically, N (14) and Q (17) have a difference of 17 - 14 = 3; H (8) and K (11) have a difference of 11 - 8 = 3; and C (3) and F (6) have a difference of 6 - 3 = 3. In contrast, the pair AT consists of A (1) and T (20), which results in a numerical difference of 20 - 1 = 19. This deviation from the constant +3 interval identifies it as the odd pair among the choices.

Explanation

New Delhi is the national capital of India and a landlocked city located in the northern part of the country. The other three cities—Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai—are all major port cities. Mumbai is located on the western coast along the Arabian Sea, while Chennai and Kolkata are situated on the eastern side, providing access to the Bay of Bengal. Additionally, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai were the three original Presidency towns established by the British East India Company, distinguishing them from New Delhi in both geographical and historical contexts.

Explanation

The Wolf belongs to the biological family Canidae, which encompasses species such as dogs, foxes, and jackals. This classification distinguishes it from the other animals listed, which are all members of the family Felidae, commonly known as the cat family. Therefore, the Wolf is the only canine represented in the group.

Explanation

The word OUT is composed of two vowels, O and U, and one consonant, T. This structural composition distinguishes it from the other letter groups, which each contain exactly one vowel and two consonants. In classification problems involving letter sets, the vowel-to-consonant ratio is a primary differentiator. Since OUT is the only term in the set featuring more than one vowel, it is the odd one out.

Explanation

The number 15 is the odd one out because it follows the mathematical pattern n² - 1, specifically 4² - 1 = 15. The other numbers provided in the alternatives follow the pattern n² + 1, namely 5² + 1 = 26, 9² + 1 = 82, and 8² + 1 = 65. Since 15 is the only value that subtracts 1 from a perfect square rather than adding 1, it deviates from the common logic shared by the rest of the set.

Explanation

The number 27 is a composite number and a perfect cube, as it can be expressed as 3³ or 3 × 9. The other numbers in the set, 17, 37, and 47, are all prime numbers, which means they have no positive divisors other than 1 and themselves. Therefore, 27 is the odd one out based on the property of primality.