BPSC Prelims 2020 Question Paper with Answers & Explanations

Explanation

Infrared radiations are commonly used in the treatment of muscle ache. These radiations produce heat when absorbed by the body tissues, which helps in increasing blood circulation, relaxing muscles, and alleviating pain. Infrared lamps and heating pads are frequently employed in physiotherapy for their therapeutic effects on musculoskeletal conditions. Other options like microwaves, UV radiation, and X-rays have different applications and are not typically used for treating general muscle aches.

Explanation

For two resistors connected in parallel, the total resistance (Rₜotal) is given by the formula: 1/Rₜotal = 1/R1 + 1/R2. We are given Rₜotal = 1.403 kilo-ohm and R1 = 2.0 kilo-ohm. Substituting these values into the formula: 1/1.403 = 1/2.0 + 1/R2. To find R2, we rearrange the equation: 1/R2 = 1/1.403 - 1/2.0. Calculating the values: 1/R2 approx 0.7127 - 0.5 = 0.2127. Therefore, R2 = 1/0.2127 approx 4.70 kilo-ohm.

Explanation

Semiconductors exhibit a negative temperature coefficient of resistance. This means that when a semiconductor material is heated, more thermal energy is supplied to its atoms, causing more covalent bonds to break. This breaking of bonds releases a greater number of free electrons and holes, which act as charge carriers. The increased concentration of charge carriers significantly enhances the material's conductivity, leading to a decrease in its electrical resistance.

Explanation

The Faraday constant is a fundamental physical constant that represents the amount of electric charge carried by one mole of electrons or other univalent ions. It is defined as the product of Avogadro's number (NA) and the elementary charge (e). Since both Avogadro's number and the elementary charge are universal constants, the Faraday constant itself is also a universal constant, independent of the specific experimental conditions like the amount of electrolyte, current, or solvent volume.

Explanation

A light-year is a unit of length used to measure vast distances in astronomy. It represents the distance that light travels in a vacuum over the course of one Julian year (approximately 365.25 days). Despite the word "year" in its name, it is a measure of distance, not time. For instance, the nearest star to our solar system, Proxima Centauri, is about 4.2 light-years away.

Explanation

When light travels from one medium to another, its speed and wavelength typically change because the refractive index of the new medium alters the propagation characteristics of the wave. However, the frequency of the light wave remains constant. The frequency of light is determined by its source and is an intrinsic property that does not change as the wave passes through different optical media.

Explanation

The velocity of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum, often denoted by 'c', is a fundamental physical constant. Its approximate value is 299,792,458 meters per second, which is commonly rounded to 3 times 10⁸ meters per second (ms⁻¹). This constant speed applies to all forms of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, radio waves, microwaves, and X-rays, when propagating in a vacuum.

Explanation

Neil Armstrong was the American astronaut who achieved the historic feat of being the first human to step on the Moon. This momentous event occurred on July 20, 1969, during the Apollo 11 mission. He famously uttered the words, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," as he made his initial contact with the lunar surface.

Explanation

In a nuclide notation ZAX, A represents the mass number (total number of protons and neutrons) and Z represents the atomic number (number of protons). For the plutonium nuclide (₉₄²⁴²), the mass number (A) is 242 and the atomic number (Z) is 94. To find the number of neutrons, subtract the atomic number from the mass number: Number of neutrons = A - Z = 242 - 94 = 148.

Explanation

Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. A highly viscous fluid flows slowly, while a low-viscosity fluid flows easily. Among the given options, honey has the highest viscosity. It is much thicker and flows significantly slower than water, air, or even blood, indicating its greater internal resistance to movement.

Explanation

Milk is a renowned source of several essential nutrients. It is particularly rich in calcium, which is vital for bone health, and a good source of protein for muscle growth and repair. It also contains carbohydrates in the form of lactose. However, milk is notably a poor source of vitamin C; the small amounts initially present are often further reduced during pasteurization.

Explanation

The classic breathalyzer test used by police to detect alcohol in drivers' breath relies on a chemical reaction. The filter paper, or the chemical reagent in the device, contains an acidic solution of potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid. When alcohol (ethanol) is present in the breath, it reacts with the orange potassium dichromate, reducing it to green chromium(III) sulfate, causing a visible color change.

Explanation

Zymase is a complex of enzymes found in yeast that catalyzes the fermentation of glucose into ethyl alcohol (ethanol) and carbon dioxide. This process is crucial in the production of alcoholic beverages. Other enzymes listed like maltase, invertase, and diastase break down different sugars or starches but are not directly responsible for the conversion of glucose to ethyl alcohol.

Explanation

Limewater is an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). When carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is passed through limewater, it reacts to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which is a white, insoluble precipitate. This precipitate causes the limewater to appear milky or cloudy, making it a standard chemical test for the presence of carbon dioxide.

Explanation

Incomplete burning (combustion) of organic fuels like petrol and diesel occurs when there is an insufficient supply of oxygen. Instead of producing carbon dioxide (CO2), which is formed during complete combustion, this process generates carbon monoxide (CO), a highly toxic gas, along with soot (unburnt carbon particles). Nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide are typically formed from nitrogen in the air at high temperatures, not directly from fuel incomplete combustion.

Explanation

The pH scale is logarithmic, defined by the formula pH = -log[H+], where [H+] is the hydrogen ion concentration. When the pH changes from 3 to 6, it represents a change of 3 pH units. Each unit increase in pH corresponds to a tenfold decrease in the H+ ion concentration. Therefore, a change from pH 3 to pH 6 means the H+ ion concentration decreases by 10 multiplied by itself three times (10 x 10 x 10), which is 1000 times.

Explanation

Sublimation is a process where a solid changes directly into a gas without passing through a liquid phase. Naphthalene is a substance that readily sublimes, meaning it can be directly converted from a solid to a gas upon heating. Sand, on the other hand, does not sublime. Therefore, a mixture of sand and naphthalene can be separated by heating it; the naphthalene will sublime, leaving the sand behind, and the gaseous naphthalene can then be condensed back into solid form.

Explanation

Benzene (C6H6) has a cyclic structure with six carbon atoms, each bonded to one hydrogen atom. In its resonance structure, there are six C-C single bonds and six C-H single bonds, totaling 12 sigma bonds. Additionally, there are three pi bonds formed by the delocalized p-orbitals above and below the carbon ring, contributing to its aromaticity.

Explanation

Urea has the chemical formula CO(NH2)2. From this formula, it is evident that the compound is composed of one carbon atom, one oxygen atom, two nitrogen atoms, and four hydrogen atoms. Therefore, the elements present in urea are Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), and Oxygen (O).

Explanation

Thermal conductivity varies significantly among metals. Copper is an excellent conductor of heat, followed by zinc and then lead. Mercury, being a liquid metal, has significantly lower thermal conductivity compared to solid metals like copper, zinc, and lead. Among the options provided, mercury is the poorest conductor of heat.

Explanation

Vitamin K plays a crucial role in blood coagulation, also known as blood clotting. It is essential for the synthesis of several proteins, including prothrombin and other clotting factors, which are necessary for the formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding. Deficiencies in Vitamin K can lead to impaired blood clotting.

Explanation

Estrogen is the primary female sex hormone, responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. Androgens are primarily male sex hormones, while insulin regulates blood sugar, and oxytocin is involved in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation but is not the primary sex hormone.

Explanation

Arvid Carlsson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000 for his discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system. His research highlighted the importance of dopamine as a neurotransmitter in the brain and its role in controlling movement. This groundbreaking work led to a deeper understanding of Parkinson's disease and the development of L-DOPA as an effective treatment, thereby revolutionizing the management of the condition.

Explanation

The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland responsible for producing hormones, primarily thyroxine, which regulate metabolism. For the synthesis of these vital hormones, the thyroid gland requires an adequate supply of iodine. A deficiency of iodine in the diet can lead to impaired thyroid function, resulting in conditions such as goiter, where the thyroid gland enlarges, and hypothyroidism, characterized by insufficient hormone production.

Explanation

The human tongue is covered with taste buds that detect different flavors. While taste perception is complex and all areas of the tongue can perceive all tastes to some extent, specific regions are more sensitive to certain tastes. The posterior part, or the back, of the tongue is generally recognized as being the most sensitive to bitter tastes, which often serves as an evolutionary protective mechanism against potentially toxic substances.

Explanation

Ginger is botanically classified as a rhizome, which is an underground modified stem. A defining characteristic that distinguishes stems from roots is the presence of nodes and internodes. Nodes are points on the stem where leaves, buds, or roots can emerge, and internodes are the segments between these nodes. Ginger clearly exhibits these nodes and internodes, confirming its nature as a stem rather than a root.

Explanation

Among the common sugars listed, fructose is known to be the sweetest. Fructose is a monosaccharide commonly found in fruits and honey. Its sweetness perception is significantly higher compared to other disaccharides like sucrose (table sugar) or maltose, and even other monosaccharides like glucose. This makes fructose a potent sweetener in various food applications.

Explanation

A true fruit develops exclusively from the ripened ovary of a flower. An apple, however, is classified as a false fruit or accessory fruit (specifically, a pome). In an apple, the fleshy, edible part is primarily derived from the swollen receptacle, which is the stem tip that supports the flower, rather than solely from the ovary. Grapes, dates, and plums are all examples of true fruits, as their edible parts develop directly from the mature ovary.

Explanation

Legumes are widely recognized for their exceptional nutritional value, primarily due to their high protein content. They serve as a crucial source of plant-based protein, making them a staple food in many diets, including vegetarian and vegan ones. Besides protein, legumes also provide significant amounts of dietary fiber, complex carbohydrates, and various essential minerals, but protein is their most distinguishing and abundant macronutrient.

Explanation

Clove is a highly aromatic spice obtained from the flower bud of the clove tree (Syzygium aromaticum). The unopened flower buds are hand-picked from the tree and then dried. This drying process gives them their distinctive reddish-brown color, pungent aroma, and strong, warm flavor, making them a popular ingredient in various cuisines and traditional medicines around the world.

Explanation

In September 2020, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced the appointment of a new All India Women's Selection Committee. Neetu David, a former left-arm spinner for the Indian women's cricket team, was named as the head of this five-member committee. Her appointment aimed to bring experience and insight into the selection process for the national women's team.

Explanation

Naomi Osaka emerged as the champion of the Women's Singles US Open Tennis Tournament in 2020. In the final match, she defeated Victoria Azarenka in three sets, securing her second US Open title and her third Grand Slam singles title overall. This victory marked another significant milestone in her career, solidifying her position as one of the top players in women's tennis.

Explanation

Shura Kitata, an Ethiopian long-distance runner, won the men's elite race at the 2020 London Marathon, which took place on October 4, 2020. He finished with a time of 2:05:41, beating the race favorite Eliud Kipchoge, who finished eighth.

Explanation

Suresh Raina, a prominent Indian middle-order batsman, announced his retirement from international cricket on August 15, 2020. This announcement came just minutes after his former captain, M. S. Dhoni, also declared his retirement from all forms of international cricket. Both players were key members of India's limited-overs teams.

Explanation

Veteran actor and former Member of Parliament Paresh Rawal was appointed as the Chairperson of the National School of Drama (NSD) in September 2020. His appointment was announced by the Union Minister of Culture and was approved by the President of India.

Explanation

Dr. G. Satheesh Reddy was serving as the Chairman of the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) and Secretary of the Department of Defence R D in 2020. He was appointed to this prestigious position in August 2018 and has played a crucial role in advancing India's defence technology.

Explanation

Dr. Bushra Ateeq and Dr. Ritesh Agarwal were both recipients of the prestigious Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology in 2020 in the discipline of Medical Sciences. The award recognizes their outstanding contributions and innovative research in this field.

Explanation

The Nobel Peace Prize for 2020 was awarded to the World Food Programme (WFP). The Norwegian Nobel Committee honored the WFP for its efforts to combat hunger, for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas, and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict. Options C and D, Robert B. Wilson and Paul R. Milgrom, were awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2020.

Explanation

Indian film actor Ayushmann Khurrana was included in Time Magazine's list of the hundred most influential people of 2020. He was recognized for his distinctive film choices and for bringing progressive and socially relevant stories to the mainstream of Indian cinema. His inclusion highlighted his significant impact on entertainment and cultural conversations during that year.

Explanation

In October 2020, eight Indian beaches were recommended for the prestigious Blue Flag Certification. This international eco-label is awarded to beaches, marinas, and sustainable boat tourism operators that meet stringent environmental, educational, safety, and accessibility criteria. The eight beaches were Shivrajpur (Gujarat), Ghoghla (Diu), Kasarkod and Padubidri (Karnataka), Kappad (Kerala), Rushikonda (Andhra Pradesh), Golden Beach (Odisha), and Radhanagar (Andaman Nicobar Islands).

Explanation

Ram Vilas Paswan, a prominent political leader in India, began his political career with the Samyukta Socialist Party (SSP). He was first elected as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) to the Bihar State Legislative Assembly in 1969, representing the Samyukta Socialist Party. This marked his entry into active politics before he went on to join other parties and become a significant national figure.

Explanation

The Election Commission of India issued a Press Note for the General Election to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar, 2020, on 25th September 2020. This press note officially announced the schedule for the elections, including dates for polling across multiple phases, the counting of votes, and other key details pertaining to the electoral process in the state.

Explanation

The 'Ghar Tak Fiber' Scheme was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on September 21, 2020, in Bihar. This initiative aimed to connect all 45,945 villages of Bihar with high-speed internet through optical fiber. The scheme was part of the government's broader efforts to boost digital connectivity and facilitate the delivery of e-services in rural areas.

Explanation

Late Raghuvansh Prasad Singh, a prominent politician from Bihar, was first elected to the Lok Sabha in 1996 from the Vaishali constituency. The general elections held in 1996 led to the formation of the Eleventh Lok Sabha. He subsequently served multiple terms in the Lok Sabha, becoming a key figure in Indian politics.

Explanation

The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, commonly known as the Quad, is an informal strategic forum comprising four countries: India, Japan, Australia, and the United States. Its members engage in discussions and joint exercises to address various issues, particularly concerning security and cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region. China is not a member of the Quad.

Explanation

Prahlad Singh Patel, who was the Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Culture and Tourism at that time, represented India at the Fifth BRICS Culture Ministers' Meeting in September 2020. The meeting was held virtually and focused on strengthening cultural cooperation among BRICS nations, particularly in the context of the global pandemic. Discussions included exploring new formats for cultural exchanges and promoting digital platforms.

Explanation

The 36th ASEAN Summit was held virtually in June 2020, with Vietnam serving as the host nation and chair for the year. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, leaders from the member states participated via video conference. The summit's theme was "Cohesive and Responsive ASEAN," focusing on regional cooperation and response to the challenges posed by the pandemic.

Explanation

Singapore topped the Human Capital Index (HCI) 2020, published by the World Bank. The HCI measures the human capital that a child born today can expect to attain by age 18, given the risks of poor health and poor education that prevail in the country where they live. Singapore consistently performs well across indicators like health, education, and survival rates, leading to its top ranking in this assessment.

Explanation

'Operation MAGA' refers to political campaigns or events associated with Donald Trump, particularly his re-election campaign. MAGA is an acronym for "Make America Great Again," which was the central slogan of Donald Trump's presidential campaigns in both 2016 and 2020. Therefore, any 'Operation MAGA' would be directly linked to his efforts to secure re-election.

Explanation

The United Arab Emirates became the first Arab state to start a nuclear power plant. The Barakah Nuclear Power Plant, located in the Al Dhafra region of Abu Dhabi, began commercial operation of its first unit in August 2020. This marked a significant milestone for the UAE in its efforts to diversify its energy sources and reduce carbon emissions.

Explanation

Egypt was the first Arab state to sign a peace treaty with Israel. This historic agreement, known as the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty, was signed in March 1979 following the Camp David Accords of 1978. It formally ended the state of war that had existed between the two countries for decades and led to diplomatic relations between them.

Explanation

India assumed the Chairmanship of the Governing Body of the International Labour Organization (ILO) for the period of October 2020 to June 2021. Apurva Chandra, who was then the Secretary, Ministry of Labour and Employment, was elected as the Chairperson of the Governing Body. This was a significant development for India, taking on the role after a gap of 35 years.

Explanation

'Operation My Saheli' was an initiative launched by the Indian Railways, specifically the Railway Protection Force (RPF), in September 2020. The primary aim of this operation is to enhance the security of women passengers during their train journeys. Under this program, women RPF personnel interact with female passengers, particularly those traveling alone, to ensure their safety and provide assistance throughout their travel.

Explanation

Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the 'Fit India Movement' on August 29, 2019. On the occasion of its first anniversary in September 2020, he interacted with various fitness experts and influencers and introduced the mantra 'Fitness Ki Dose, Aadha Ghanta Roz' (Fitness Dose, Half an Hour Daily). This slogan was intended to motivate citizens to dedicate at least 30 minutes daily to physical activity to maintain their fitness.

Explanation

On October 12, 2020, Prime Minister Narendra Modi released a special commemorative coin with a denomination of one hundred rupees. This release was to honor the one hundredth birth anniversary of Rajmata Vijaya Raje Scindia. Rajmata Scindia was a revered political leader and social worker, known for her contributions to public life and as one of the founding members of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh.

Explanation

The short documentary film 'Chi Lupo' from Arunachal Pradesh won the Dada Saheb Phalke Award 2020. Directed by Kipa Rikam, the film is in the Monpa dialect and focuses on traditional Monpa art and culture, specifically a traditional method of making paper. This recognition brought national attention to the indigenous culture and filmmaking talent from the state.

Explanation

HDFC Bank launched the 'e-Kisaan Dhan' app to provide a comprehensive platform for farmers. This app offers various agricultural services, including weather forecasts, mandi prices, information on latest farming techniques, and access to banking products. It aims to empower farmers with timely information and financial solutions for better crop management and financial planning.

Explanation

India's first on-site COVID-19 testing facility for arriving international passengers was launched at the Indira Gandhi International (IGI) Airport in Delhi in September 2020. This facility allowed passengers to get tested upon arrival, with results provided in a few hours, helping to streamline health checks and contain the spread of the virus.

Explanation

The Rafale fighter aircraft was formally inducted into the Indian Air Force at the Ambala Air Force Station in Haryana on September 10, 2020. This ceremony marked the official induction of the first batch of five Rafale jets into the 'Golden Arrows' 17 Squadron, significantly enhancing India's aerial combat capabilities.

Explanation

Rudram-1 is the name of India's first indigenous anti-radiation missile, developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). It was successfully test-fired from a Sukhoi-30 MKI fighter aircraft in October 2020. This missile is designed to detect, track, and neutralize enemy radar and air defence systems.

Explanation

The archaeological site of Kalibangan, located in Rajasthan, is unique among Harappan cities for providing evidence of a ploughed field from the Early Harappan period. The distinctive criss-cross pattern of furrows suggests a sophisticated understanding of agricultural techniques by the inhabitants of the Harappan civilization.

Explanation

The concept of 'Triratna' or the 'Three Jewels' — Samyak Darshan (Right Faith), Samyak Gyana (Right Knowledge), and Samyak Charitra (Right Conduct/Action) — is a fundamental principle in Jainism. Jains believe that following these three principles leads to spiritual liberation and ultimately, moksha.

Explanation

The Fourth Buddhist Council was convened in Kashmir, specifically at Kundalvan, during the 1st century CE by the Kushan emperor Kanishka. This council is notable for its role in the development of Mahayana Buddhism and the formal split between the Hinayana and Mahayana sects. Vasumitra presided over the council, with Ashvaghosha as his deputy.

Explanation

The Vaisheshika school is one of the six orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy and is famously associated with the atom theory. It postulates that all material objects are composed of atoms (anu), which are eternal, indivisible, and possess specific qualities. This school provided a pluralistic and realistic cosmology based on discrete entities.

Explanation

Ghiyas ud din Balban, a prominent ruler of the Delhi Sultanate's Mamluk dynasty, is well-known for adopting the 'blood and iron' policy. This policy involved ruthless military and administrative measures to curb internal rebellions, suppress lawlessness, and consolidate the power of the Sultan, emphasizing absolute authority and a strong centralized government.

Explanation

The Chola empire of South India is particularly celebrated for its elaborate and efficient system of local self-government, which flourished during its medieval period. Village assemblies, known as 'Ur' and 'Sabha' (or 'Mahasabha'), managed local administration, justice, and taxation, as detailed in inscriptions like the Uthiramerur inscription.

Explanation

Pietra dura is a decorative art technique involving the inlay of finely cut, highly polished colored stones to create images. This technique was extensively used in Mughal architecture in India, notably in the Taj Mahal, where intricate floral designs and calligraphic patterns were created on marble surfaces using precious and semi-precious stones.

Explanation

Emperor Akbar is credited with establishing organized Karkhanas for painting during the Mughal era. Although his father Humayun brought Persian artists to India, it was Akbar who set up a large imperial atelier with numerous painters. Under his patronage, a distinct Mughal school of miniature painting evolved, blending indigenous Indian styles with Persian elements.

Explanation

Robert Clive enforced the Dual System of Governance in Bengal after the Battle of Buxar in 1764 and the subsequent Treaty of Allahabad in 1765. Under this system, the East India Company acquired the Diwani (rights to collect revenue) while the Nawab retained Nizamat (administrative and judicial authority), though the Company effectively wielded control over both. This system was later abolished by Warren Hastings.

Explanation

Swami Vivekananda famously participated in the Parliament of Religions held in Chicago in September 1893. His eloquent speeches, particularly his introductory address beginning with "Sisters and Brothers of America," introduced Hinduism and its philosophical thoughts like Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world, earning him widespread recognition.

Explanation

The Swaraj Party was formed in January 1923 by C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru to oppose British policies from within the legislative councils.

Explanation

The celebrated Bengali play, Neel Darpan (The Indigo Mirror), was written by Dinabandhu Mitra in 1860. The play vividly depicted the brutal oppression and exploitation faced by indigo farmers at the hands of European indigo planters in Bengal. It played a significant role in exposing the injustices of the indigo cultivation system and garnering public sympathy for the farmers' plight.

Explanation

The Battle of Wandiwash was a pivotal engagement fought in 1760 between the British and French forces during the Third Carnatic War. This battle was part of the global Seven Years' War and proved decisive in establishing British supremacy in India. The British victory effectively ended French ambitions to expand their colonial influence on the subcontinent.

Explanation

The Indian Councils Act of 1909, also known as the Minto-Morley Reforms, introduced the system of separate electorates for Muslims in India. This provision allowed for Muslim representatives to be elected only by Muslim voters, a move that officially recognized and institutionalized communal representation. It was a significant step in the British policy of 'divide and rule'.

Explanation

The Kol Mutiny of 1831-32, led by Buddha Bhagat, occurred primarily in the Chota Nagpur plateau region, including areas like Singhbhum, Ranchi, and Palamau. The rebellion was sparked by the transfer of land from Kol headmen to non-tribal landlords and the exploitation of the tribal population by local administrators and moneylenders. Singhbhum was a major center of this uprising.

Explanation

Kunwar Singh was the principal leader of the 1857 Revolt in Bihar. As a zamindar from Jagdishpur, he raised the banner of rebellion against the British and led the sepoys and local population in a fierce resistance. Despite his old age, he showed immense courage and strategic acumen, becoming a heroic figure in the struggle for independence in his region.

Explanation

Raj Kumar Shukla was a local indigo cultivator from Champaran who meticulously brought Mahatma Gandhi's attention to the severe exploitation faced by the indigo peasants under the 'tinkathia' system. He persistently urged Gandhi to visit Champaran, finally convincing him at the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress in 1916. This invitation led to Gandhi's Champaran Satyagraha in 1917.

Explanation

The first capital of the ancient Mahajanapada Magadh was Girivraja, which is also known as Rajagriha or modern-day Rajgir. Pataliputra became the capital much later, established by Udayin. Since Girivraja/Rajagriha is not among options A, B, C, or D, the correct answer is E, "None of the above."

Explanation

Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was a pivotal figure in the peasant movement in India. He dedicated his life to organizing farmers against the exploitation by landlords and the British colonial administration. He founded the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha in 1929 and later the All India Kisan Sabha in 1936, becoming a key leader in the struggle for peasants' rights.

Explanation

Mahatma Gandhi's first Satyagraha movement in India, and his first application of civil disobedience on Indian soil, was the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917. He successfully challenged the exploitative Tinkathia system, under which peasants were forced to cultivate indigo on a portion of their land for British planters. This marked his entry into Indian politics as a mass leader.

Explanation

Honshu is the largest island of Japan both in terms of geographical area and population. It is home to Japan's major cities, including Tokyo, Osaka, and Kyoto. Hokkaido is the second largest island, followed by Kyushu and then Shikoku, making Honshu clearly the largest.

Explanation

Greenland is an autonomous territory that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. Although geographically located in North America, it has strong political and cultural ties with Europe. Denmark retains control over Greenland's foreign affairs and defense, while Greenland manages most of its internal affairs.

Explanation

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) consistently ranks as the country with one of the largest Indian diaspora populations globally, especially concerning non-resident Indians. As of December 2018, official figures and demographic reports indicated that the UAE hosted the highest number of Indian expatriates among the given options, largely due to extensive employment opportunities in various sectors. The Indian community in the UAE typically numbers over 3 million, making it the largest Indian population abroad for that period.

Explanation

In 2019, China maintained its position as the world's largest producer of gold, recording the highest annual output in tonnes. For several consecutive years, China has dominated global gold production due to its extensive mining operations and significant reserves. Countries like Australia and Russia also feature prominently in the top producers but were surpassed by China in 2019, according to global gold mining statistics.

Explanation

Africa has the highest number of countries among the continents listed. The continent of Africa is composed of 54 sovereign states, which is a greater number than Europe (approximately 50), Asia (approximately 48-49), or North America (23 countries). This makes Africa the continent with the most independent nations, a fact often highlighted in geographical and political studies.

Explanation

As per the 2011 Census, Mizoram has the highest percentage of tribal population relative to its total population among the Indian states listed. Approximately 94.4% of Mizoram's population is categorized as Scheduled Tribe. This makes it one of the states with the highest concentration of tribal communities in India, reflecting its unique demographic composition and cultural heritage.

Explanation

Pulneys, also known as the Palani Hills, is a coffee-growing area located in the state of Tamil Nadu, not Karnataka. Chikmagalur, Coorg (Kodagu), and Baba Budangin (Baba Budan Giri) are all renowned coffee-producing regions situated within Karnataka. Karnataka is India's largest coffee-producing state, with these regions being central to its coffee industry and historical cultivation.

Explanation

Post the reorganization of Jammu and Kashmir in August 2019, the district of Leh, now part of the Union Territory of Ladakh, became the largest district in India by geographical area. Its officially stated area is approximately 59,146 square kilometers. Kutch district in Gujarat, which was previously the largest, has an area of approximately 45,674 square kilometers, making Leh considerably larger. Jaisalmer and Barmer are significantly smaller than both Leh and Kutch.

Explanation

Maharashtra has the maximum number of wildlife sanctuaries among the Indian states. As of 2020, Maharashtra had approximately 50 to 51 notified wildlife sanctuaries, which is higher than other states like Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Madhya Pradesh. This extensive network of sanctuaries contributes significantly to the conservation of the state's diverse flora and fauna.

Explanation

All the rivers listed in options A, B, C, and D – Bagmati, Kamla, Kosi, and Gandak – are major tributaries originating in the Himalayas or Nepal. They flow from the north into Bihar and continue generally southwards or south-eastwards to join the River Ganga. Therefore, none of these rivers are north-flowing. Rivers like Son, Punpun, and Phalgu, which originate in the peninsular plateau to the south of Bihar, flow northwards to meet the Ganga. Hence, 'None of the above' is the correct choice.

Explanation

The Atal Tunnel, also known as Rohtang Tunnel, is a highway tunnel built under the Rohtang Pass in the Pir Panjal range of the Himalayas. This tunnel connects Manali in Kullu Valley to Lahaul and Spiti Valley in Himachal Pradesh. Geographically, the section of the Pir Panjal range where the tunnel is situated, specifically around Rohtang Pass, is referred to as the Eastern Pir Panjal range.

Explanation

India's 13th major port was planned to be set up at Vadhavan (Wadhawan) in the Palghar district of Maharashtra. The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Prime Minister, approved the establishment of this new major port in February 2020. This port is intended to be developed as an all-weather, all-cargo greenfield port to handle increasing maritime traffic and boost trade.

Explanation

Rajasthan is consistently recognized as a leading state in India for solar energy production. Its vast arid and semi-arid regions receive high solar insolation, making it ideal for large-scale solar power projects. By 2020 and the years immediately following, Rajasthan had rapidly increased its installed solar capacity, becoming one of the top contributors to India's renewable energy goals due to favorable government policies and abundant land resources.

Explanation

Limestone is predominantly found in the Kaimur Plateau region of Bihar, which includes parts of Rohtas and Kaimur districts. This area is known for its Vindhyan rock formations which are rich in limestone deposits, making option A the correctly matched pair. Mica is found mainly in Gaya and Nawada, not Bhagalpur. Quartzite and Lead-zinc are not primarily associated with Madhubani or Gaya respectively.

Explanation

The pair "Wagon and engineering—Bhagalpur" is not correctly matched. While Barauni is known for its oil refinery and Banjari for its cement industry, and fertilizer production has been historically associated with the Barauni region, Bhagalpur is primarily famous for its silk industry, particularly Tussar silk. It is not a major hub for large-scale wagon manufacturing or heavy engineering industries in Bihar.

Explanation

Piedmont Swamp Soil is typically found in the narrow belt at the foot of the Himalayas, characterized by marshy conditions. In Bihar, this type of soil is exclusively found in the northwestern part of the state, specifically in the West Champaran district. This region lies in the Sub-Himalayan Terai belt and has the unique geographical features necessary for the formation of such soil.

Explanation

The Ganga river does not flow through the Kosi and Magadh Administrative Divisions of Bihar. Kosi division (comprising Saharsa, Supaul, Madhepura) is located to the north of the Ganga, and the Ganga does not pass through these districts. Similarly, Magadh division (comprising Gaya, Jehanabad, Arwal, Aurangabad, Nawada) is located south of the Ganga, and the river does not flow through any of its districts. In contrast, the Ganga flows through districts within the other listed divisions.

Explanation

The Oraon tribe is primarily concentrated in the Chotanagpur Plateau region, which spans across Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and West Bengal, with some presence in the adjoining districts of Bihar like Rohtas and Kaimur. Supaul district, however, is located in North-East Bihar, which is not a traditional or significant habitation area for the Oraon tribe. Therefore, the pairing of Oraon with Supaul is incorrect.

Explanation

As per the India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2019, which is relevant for data available up to 2020, the Recorded Forest Area (RFA) in Bihar accounted for 6,877.42 square kilometers, which is approximately 7.32% of the state's total geographical area. Option A, 7.27%, is the closest figure among the choices provided, likely representing the recorded forest area or a slightly rounded value for it.

Explanation

Bihar is home to only one National Park, which is the Valmiki National Park. This prominent protected area is situated in the West Champaran district of the state. It is known for its rich biodiversity, including tigers, and forms part of the Valmiki Tiger Reserve.

Explanation

In September 2020, Tata Projects Limited won the bid to construct India's new Parliament building. The company secured the project with a bid of approximately Rs 861.90 crore, outbidding Larsen Toubro. The new Parliament building project was a significant part of the Central Vista redevelopment plan.

Explanation

Article 324 of the Indian Constitution is specifically dedicated to the establishment of the Election Commission of India. This article vests the superintendence, direction, and control of the preparation of electoral rolls and the conduct of all elections to Parliament, the State Legislatures, and the offices of President and Vice-President in a single Election Commission.

Explanation

Rekha Sharma was appointed as the Chairperson of the National Commission for Women (NCW) in August 2018. Her tenure was extended for another three years in August 2021, meaning she was the head of the commission throughout 2020. Mamta Sharma and Lalitha Kumaramangalam were former chairpersons, and Smriti Irani is a Union Minister.

Explanation

The 'Rule of Law' signifies that all individuals and institutions are accountable to the same laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced, and independently adjudicated. It implies supremacy of law over arbitrary power, equality before the law for everyone, and the predominance of legal spirit. Option A, "One act for all and one judiciary for all," encapsulates these core principles by suggesting that a uniform legal framework and an impartial judicial system apply universally.

Explanation

Article 243G of the Indian Constitution grants powers, authority, and responsibilities to Panchayats. It specifies that State Legislatures may endow Panchayats with powers to enable them to function as institutions of self-government, including the preparation and implementation of plans for economic development and social justice. The functions to be performed by the Panchayati Raj Institutions are enumerated in the Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution, which contains 29 such functional items, as referenced by Article 243G.

Explanation

The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019, was passed by the Rajya Sabha on December 11, 2019, after having been passed by the Lok Sabha on December 9, 2019. It received presidential assent on December 12, 2019, formally becoming the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019. Therefore, 11th December, 2019, marks the date of its passage in one of the houses of Parliament, making it the correct option.

Explanation

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, which provided constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions, traces its origins to the 64th Constitutional Amendment Bill. This Bill was introduced in 1989 by the then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi but failed to pass in the Rajya Sabha. Subsequently, a revised version was introduced which ultimately became the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act in 1992.

Explanation

The Dutch East India Company established its factory in Patna, Bihar, in the year 1632. This factory was a significant trading post for the Dutch, primarily dealing in commodities like saltpetre, indigo, and textiles from the region. While other European companies like the British also established their presence in India, the specific establishment date of 1632 in Patna is associated with the Dutch.

Explanation

Decentralization is a process of distributing or dispersing power, functions, and decision-making from a central authority to local levels. Its core characteristics include granting autonomy to local bodies, encouraging people's participation in local governance, and empowering local communities to manage their own affairs. Instilling non-confidence among local communities is antithetical to the very purpose of decentralization, which aims to build trust and capacity at the local level.

Explanation

The Regulating Act, 1773, the Charter Act, 1833, and the Government of India Act, 1919, were all pivotal legislative enactments by the British Parliament that shaped the administrative and constitutional structure of British India. These acts are considered landmarks in the development of the Indian Constitution. The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955, however, was enacted by the Parliament of independent India after the adoption of its Constitution, addressing issues within the framework of the new republic, and therefore is not a landmark during the British Rule.

Explanation

Food management in India primarily focuses on ensuring food security for its vast population. The key objectives include the procurement of food grains from farmers at Minimum Support Prices, maintaining a strategic buffer stock to stabilize prices and address emergencies, and the distribution of these food grains through the Public Distribution System to vulnerable sections. While India is involved in agricultural trade, large-scale export of food grains is not a primary objective of its domestic food management strategy, which prioritizes domestic availability and consumption needs.

Explanation

Revenue deficit in India occurs when the government's total revenue expenditure exceeds its total revenue receipts. This implies that the government is borrowing money not to create new capital assets (like roads, factories, or schools) or to repay existing loans, but to finance its day-to-day administrative and consumption expenses. Such borrowing does not lead to the creation of productive assets and is generally considered an unhealthy fiscal practice as it adds to debt without generating future income.

Explanation

For the fiscal year 2019-2020, the United States of America emerged as India's top trading partner, surpassing China. The bilateral trade between India and the USA reached approximately 88.75 billion during this period. This marked a significant shift in India's trade dynamics, making the USA the largest destination for India's exports and a major source of imports.

Explanation

The Bharatmala Pariyojana is a flagship highway development program initiated by the Government of India. Its primary objective is to optimize the efficiency of freight and passenger movement across the country by filling critical infrastructure gaps. The project involves the construction of new roads, upgrading existing ones, and developing expressways, all falling under the domain of road infrastructure.

Explanation

In India, the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) is released by the Central Statistics Office (CSO). The CSO, which is now part of the National Statistical Office (NSO) under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, is responsible for compiling and publishing various macroeconomic statistics, including the IIP, which measures the growth of output in different industrial sectors.

Explanation

According to the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business Report 2020, India made a remarkable improvement in its ranking. The report indicated that India climbed 14 positions to secure the 63rd rank globally, up from its 77th position in the previous year's report (Ease of Doing Business Report 2019). This improvement reflected various reforms undertaken by the government to facilitate business operations.

Explanation

In the Union Budget 2020-21, presented by the Finance Minister, a significant target was set for improving the flow of institutional agricultural credit. To ensure easier and more accessible credit for farmers and the agricultural sector, the government fixed an ambitious credit target of 15 lakh crore rupees for the fiscal year 2020-21.

Explanation

The PM-KUSUM Scheme, Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan, was launched with the primary objective of providing financial and water security to farmers. It aims to de-dieselise the agriculture sector by promoting the installation of solar pumps and the solarisation of existing grid-connected agriculture pumps. This directly addresses farmers' dependence on diesel and kerosene for irrigation and shifts them towards renewable solar energy.

Explanation

As of 2020, State Bank of India (SBI) was the only Indian commercial bank that consistently ranked among the top 100 global banks in terms of asset size and market capitalization. Its extensive network, large customer base, and substantial asset base make it a significant player on the international banking stage. Other Indian banks, while large domestically, typically fall outside the top 100 global rankings.

Explanation

The NIRVIK scheme, announced in the Union Budget for 2020-21, was specifically designed to provide relief to the export sector. Its primary goal is to enhance the availability of credit for exporters and ease the lending process, thereby boosting India's exports. The scheme offers higher insurance coverage and reduces the premium for small exporters to support their working capital needs and mitigate risks.

Explanation

The Comprehensive Financial Management System (CFMS) introduced by the Bihar Government on April 1, 2019, aims to digitize and automate various financial operations of the state government. Its primary objective is to bring all financial activities online and create a paperless environment for budgeting, expenditure, receipts, and treasury management. This system enhances transparency, efficiency, and accountability in the state's financial administration.

Explanation

The Krishi Karman Award is an annual award presented by the Government of India to states for their excellent performance in increasing food grain production and productivity. Bihar received this award on January 2, 2020, for its outstanding overall food grain production in the agricultural year 2017-18. The award acknowledges the state's significant contributions to enhancing its total food grain output across various crops.

Explanation

The 'Satat Jivikoparjan Yojana' (SJY) was launched by the Bihar Government in August 2018 with the objective of providing sustainable income-generating opportunities to extremely poor rural households. This scheme specifically targets households that were earlier involved in the production and sale of liquor and have been affected by the liquor ban, along with other Mahadalit and extremely backward class households. It aims to empower them through various livelihood activities like goat rearing, poultry, mushroom cultivation, and honey production, ensuring a steady source of income.

Explanation

The 'Saat Nishchay' (Seven Resolves) is a prominent program of the Bihar Government focusing on development goals. The seven components include financial assistance for youth, reservation for women in government jobs, continuous electricity supply to all households, tap water to every household, construction of toilets, paved streets and drains, and increased opportunities for higher education. Among the given options, child welfare is not explicitly listed as one of the primary components of the Saat Nishchay program.

Explanation

According to economic data for 2018-19 at constant 2011-12 prices, the per capita Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) for Bihar was approximately Rs. 33,629, while the per capita Net National Product (NNP) for India was around Rs. 92,568. Calculating the ratio, Bihar's per capita NSDP was approximately 36.33% of the national average. Since none of the options A, B, C, or D precisely match this figure, option E, "None of the above/More than one of the above," is the correct choice.

Explanation

Mahatma Gandhi briefly attended Samaldas College in Bhavnagar, Gujarat, after completing his high school education at Alfred High School in Rajkot. He enrolled there in 1888 to pursue higher education before deciding to move to London to study law later that same year. Therefore, Samaldas College is the correct answer among the given options.

Explanation

Nana Saheb led the revolt in Kanpur, Begum Hazrat Mahal took charge in Lucknow, and Maulavi Ahmadullah was a prominent leader in Faizabad. All three, options A, B, and C, were active and key participants and leaders in the Revolt of 1857 in their respective regions. Begum Zeenat Mahal, wife of Bahadur Shah II, also had a significant political role and influence during the revolt in Delhi. Since multiple options (A, B, C, and potentially D) represent individuals who actively participated, option E, "None of the above/More than one of the above," is the appropriate answer.

Explanation

Jawaharlal Nehru famously characterized the Government of India Act of 1935 with the quote, "We were provided with a car with all brakes and no engine." This statement reflected his criticism of the Act, which, despite offering some provincial autonomy, retained significant control in the hands of the British viceroy and governor-general, thereby providing limited real power or progress towards complete self-rule for Indians.

Explanation

The Dandi March, an iconic event of the Indian freedom struggle, was led by Mahatma Gandhi as part of the Civil Disobedience Movement. It commenced on March 12, 1930, from Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad and concluded on April 6, 1930, when Gandhi broke the salt law at Dandi. The entire journey lasted for a total of 24 days, covering a distance of approximately 240 miles.

Explanation

The stirring patriotic song "Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna Ab Hamare Dil Mein Hai" is widely attributed to Ram Prasad Bismil, a prominent revolutionary and freedom fighter from the Indian independence movement. Bismil was a member of the Hindustan Republican Association and became famous for the Kakori Conspiracy. He popularized this ghazal, often reciting it with fervent passion before his execution, making it an anthem for the revolutionaries.

Explanation

The Swadeshi Movement was a direct and powerful reaction to the Partition of Bengal, which was announced by Lord Curzon in 1905. The partition was seen as a deliberate attempt by the British to divide Bengal along communal lines and weaken the nationalist movement. In response, Indians launched the Swadeshi Movement, advocating for the boycott of British goods and the promotion of indigenous products, along with national education and self-reliance.

Explanation

During the historic Indian National Army (INA) trials, also known as the Red Fort Trials, held in Delhi from 1945 to 1946, a prominent panel of legal advocates defended the INA officers accused of treason by the British. Bhulabhai Desai led this eminent defense team, which also included other prominent figures like Jawaharlal Nehru, Tej Bahadur Sapru, and Kailash Nath Katju. Desai's eloquent arguments in court played a significant role in garnering public support for the INA.

Explanation

Madam Bhikaji Cama unfurled the first version of the Indian tricolour flag of freedom at the International Socialist Conference held in Stuttgart, Germany, on August 22, 1907. This was a significant event where she appealed for India's freedom from British rule on an international platform, making the flag a symbol of India's aspiration for self-governance.

Explanation

The pair C. R. Das—Deshbandhu is correct. Chittaranjan Das was a prominent Indian freedom fighter, political leader, and founder-leader of the Swaraj Party. He was popularly known by the honorific title of Deshbandhu, which means "Friend of the Nation."

Explanation

The Indian National Congress, at its Lahore Session in December 1929, passed the historic resolution for Purna Swaraj or complete independence. Following this, January 26, 1930, was declared as 'Purna Swaraj Day', and a pledge of complete independence was taken by people across the country. This date later inspired the adoption of India's Constitution on January 26, 1950, making it Republic Day.

Explanation

Bihar was established as a separate province from the Bengal Presidency on March 22, 1912. The announcement for the creation of this new province, which initially included both Bihar and Orissa, was made during the Delhi Durbar in December 1911. This date is annually celebrated as Bihar Diwas.

Explanation

The Tinkathia system was an oppressive agricultural practice enforced by European planters in the Champaran district of Bihar. Under this system, local peasants were compelled to cultivate indigo on three parts out of every twenty parts (3/20th) of their landholding, irrespective of their wishes, and often for very low remuneration. This system led to widespread exploitation and peasant unrest, culminating in the Champaran Satyagraha led by Mahatma Gandhi.

Explanation

Shri Krishna Singh was the first Chief Minister of Bihar. He assumed office on 2 April 1946, even before India gained independence, and continued to serve as the Chief Minister of the newly formed state of Bihar after independence until his death in 1961. He is widely regarded as one of the architects of modern Bihar.

Explanation

The first session of the Indian National Congress in Bihar was held in 1912 at Bankipur, which is a locality within the city of Patna. This was the 27th session of the Indian National Congress and was presided over by R. N. Mudholkar. Therefore, Patna is the correct answer for the location of the first Congress Session in Bihar.

Explanation

Jayaprakash Narayan, a prominent Indian independence activist and political leader, was widely known by the honorific title "Lok Nayak." This title translates to "People's Leader" and reflects his immense popularity and influence, particularly during the Total Revolution movement of the 1970s against corruption and misgovernance.

Explanation

The given sequence is 4, 18, 48, 100, ?, 294, 448. Let's find the differences between consecutive terms. The first differences are 14 (18-4), 30 (48-18), 52 (100-48). The second differences are 16 (30-14), 22 (52-30). The difference between the second differences is 6 (22-16). Assuming this pattern of adding 6 continues, the next second difference would be 22 + 6 = 28. Adding 28 to the last first difference (52) gives 80. Therefore, the missing term is 100 + 80 = 180.

Explanation

The given ratio is 2nC3 : nC2 = 44 : 3. Using the combination formula nCr = n! / (r! * (n-r)!), we can write: 2nC3 = (2n (2n-1) (2n-2)) / (3 2 1) = (2n (2n-1) 2(n-1)) / 6 = (2n(2n-1)(n-1)) / 3 nC2 = (n (n-1)) / (2 1) = (n(n-1)) / 2 The ratio becomes: [(2n(2n-1)(n-1))/3] / [(n(n-1))/2] = 44/3. For n >= 2 (since nC2 must be defined), we can cancel n(n-1) from numerator and denominator: [2 (2n-1) 2] / 3 = 44 / 3 [4 * (2n-1)] / 3 = 44 / 3 Multiplying both sides by 3 gives: 4 * (2n-1) = 44 Dividing by 4: 2n-1 = 11 Adding 1: 2n = 12 Dividing by 2: n = 6.

Explanation

The sum of m numbers whose average is n² is m n². The sum of n numbers whose average is m² is n m². To find the average of (m + n) numbers, we sum these two totals and divide by the total count of numbers, which is (m + n). So, the total sum is (m n² + n m²). The average is (m n² + n m²) / (m + n). Factoring out mn from the numerator gives mn(n + m). Thus, the average is mn(n + m) / (m + n), which simplifies to mn.

Explanation

To find the number of people who play football only, we use the principle of inclusion-exclusion for the football team. We are given the total number in the football team (|F| = 29), the number playing football and basketball (|F intersection B| = 12), the number playing football and hockey (|F intersection H| = 15), and the number playing all three games (|F intersection B intersection H| = 8). The number playing football and basketball only (not hockey) is 12 - 8 = 4. The number playing football and hockey only (not basketball) is 15 - 8 = 7. Therefore, the number playing football and at least one other sport is 4 + 7 + 8 = 19. The number playing football only is the total number in football minus those who play other sports, which is 29 - 19 = 10.

Explanation

Mohan's one day work is 1/25 of the total work. Sohan's one day work is 1/20 of the total work. When they work together, their combined one day work is (1/25) + (1/20) = (4 + 5)/100 = 9/100 of the work. For the first 5 days, they complete 5 * (9/100) = 45/100 = 9/20 of the work. The remaining work is 1 - (9/20) = 11/20 of the total work. Since Mohan leaves, Sohan has to complete the remaining 11/20 of the work alone. As Sohan completes 1/20 of the work per day, the time taken by Sohan to complete the remaining work is (11/20) / (1/20) = 11 days.

Explanation

The hour hand of a clock completes a full 360° rotation in 12 hours. This means its speed is 360° / 12 hours = 30° per hour. Since there are 60 minutes in an hour, the hour hand moves 30° / 60 minutes = 0.5° per minute. From 12:00 noon to 10 minutes past 5:00, the total time elapsed is 5 hours and 10 minutes. Converting this to minutes, we get (5 60) + 10 = 300 + 10 = 310 minutes. The total angle turned by the hour hand is 310 minutes 0.5°/minute = 155°.

Explanation

A property of perfect squares is that their last digit can only be 0, 1, 4, 5, 6, or 9. A natural number's square cannot end in 2, 3, 7, or 8. Let's examine the last digits of the given options. Option A ends in 9, option C ends in 6, and option D ends in 1, all of which are possible last digits for a perfect square. However, option B, 143642, ends in 2. Since a perfect square cannot end with the digit 2, 143642 cannot be the square of a natural number.

Explanation

To solve the given system of linear equations, first add the two equations: (217x + 131y) + (131x + 217y) = 913 + 827, which simplifies to 348x + 348y = 1740. Dividing by 348 gives x + y = 5. Next, subtract the second equation from the first: (217x + 131y) - (131x + 217y) = 913 - 827, which simplifies to 86x - 86y = 86. Dividing by 86 gives x - y = 1. Now, adding the new equations (x + y = 5) and (x - y = 1) yields 2x = 6, so x = 3. Substituting x = 3 into x + y = 5 gives 3 + y = 5, thus y = 2. Therefore, x and y are 3 and 2 respectively.

Explanation

This expression can be simplified using the algebraic identity (a + b)² - (a - b)² = 4ab. Let a = 598 and b = 479. The numerator becomes (598 + 479)² - (598 - 479)², which simplifies to 4 598 479. The denominator is 598 x 479. Therefore, the entire expression is (4 598 479) / (598 479). Since 598 479 is non-zero, it cancels out from the numerator and denominator, leaving a result of 4.

Explanation

To find the population after two years, we use the formula for compound growth, which is Final Population = Initial Population (1 + Growth Rate)Number of Years. Given an initial population of 176400, an annual growth rate of 5% (or 0.05), and a period of 2 years, the calculation is 176400 (1 + 0.05)². This simplifies to 176400 (1.05)², which is 176400 1.1025. Multiplying these values yields a final population of 194481.