BPSC Prelims 2016 Question Paper with Answers & Explanations

Explanation

Babu Kunwar Singh was a prominent leader during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. He led the revolt in Bihar, particularly in the region around Jagdishpur. Despite his old age, he showed remarkable courage and military skill, effectively organizing resistance against the British East India Company forces and achieving several victories.

Explanation

Birsa Munda, the revered tribal leader and freedom fighter, was captured by the British forces on 3 February 1900. He was apprehended while he was asleep in the Jamkopai forest, located in the Chakradharpur area. His capture was a significant event that led to the suppression of the Munda rebellion.

Explanation

This statement is attributed to William Wilson Hunter, a prominent Scottish historian and statistician who served in the Indian Civil Service. He authored "The Indian Musalmans" (1871), a significant work in which he analyzed the condition of Muslims in India and suggested that integrating them into the British administration through education and employment would strengthen British rule.

Explanation

The famous quote, "In my belief, Congress is to tottering to its fall and one of my great ambitions while in India is to assist it to a peaceful demise," is attributed to Lord Curzon. He served as the Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905 and held a rather dismissive view of the Indian National Congress, believing it was an unrepresentative body that would soon disintegrate. His administration was marked by various reforms and a strong imperialist outlook.

Explanation

Mahatma Gandhi's attention was drawn to the exploitation of peasants by European indigo planters in Champaran by Rajkumar Shukla. Shukla was a local farmer from Champaran, Bihar, who persistently urged Gandhi to visit the district and take up the cause of the indigo cultivators. His efforts led to Gandhi's first major Satyagraha movement in India in 1917, known as the Champaran Satyagraha.

Explanation

Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was elected as the first President of the All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) at its inaugural session in Lucknow in 1936. This organization was formed to address the grievances of Indian peasants and mobilize them against exploitation by landlords and the British government. N.G. Ranga was the General Secretary of the Sabha.

Explanation

Sir Michael O'Dwyer, the former Lieutenant Governor of Punjab, was shot dead in London on March 13, 1940, by Udham Singh. Udham Singh was an Indian revolutionary who sought revenge for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919, as O'Dwyer was believed to have approved General Dyer's actions at the time. Singh was subsequently arrested, tried, and executed for the assassination.

Explanation

The Montague-Chelmsford Act, which was formally known as the Government of India Act 1919, was passed when David Lloyd George was the Prime Minister of England. Lloyd George held the office of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1916 to 1922, a period during which significant constitutional reforms concerning India were introduced by the British government.

Explanation

Jai Prakash Narayan, a prominent socialist leader and freedom fighter, left Patna College just 20 days before his final examinations in 1920. He did this in direct response to Mahatma Gandhi's call for non-cooperation with British educational institutions during the Non-Cooperation Movement. This act was a significant personal sacrifice and a powerful political statement.

Explanation

Jawaharlal Nehru was a vocal proponent of socialist ideals within the Indian National Congress. In the 1930s, he advocated for a radical transformation of Indian society, including the overthrow of British colonial rule, the abolition of princely states and landlordism, and a move away from capitalism towards a socialist economy. His views were expressed in various speeches and writings during this period.

Explanation

Sheel Bhadra Yajee was a dedicated Indian freedom fighter and a close associate of Subhas Chandra Bose. He played an instrumental role in the formation of the All India Forward Bloc, founded by Bose after his resignation from the Congress presidency. Yajee also actively supported and was associated with the Indian National Army (INA) movement.

Explanation

Madam Bhikhaji Rustam Cama is widely known as "The Mother of Indian Revolution". She was a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement, known for unfurling the first version of the Indian flag at the International Socialist Conference in Stuttgart, Germany, in 1907. Her revolutionary activities and advocacy for Indian freedom abroad earned her this significant title.

Explanation

Young India was a weekly journal published by Mahatma Gandhi from 1919 to 1931. It was used by Gandhi to propagate his philosophy of non-violence (Satyagraha) and Swaraj, which was fundamentally different from the methods of armed revolutionary activities. In contrast, Sandhya, Yugantar, and Ghadr were all explicitly associated with revolutionary movements in India.

Explanation

Dadabhai Naoroji, often referred to as the "Grand Old Man of India," was the first Indian to be elected to the British House of Commons. He achieved this historic feat in 1892, winning the election from the Central Finsbury constituency on the ticket of the Liberal Party.

Explanation

The Swaraj Party (also known as the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party) was formed in January 1923 by C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru. Its formation was primarily a result of the failure and subsequent withdrawal of Mahatma Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement following the Chauri Chaura incident in February 1922. The party advocated for council entry to obstruct British rule from within, differing from the "No-Changers" who favoured continued constructive work. Since the failure of the Non-Cooperation Movement is not listed in options A, B, C, or D, option E is correct.

Explanation

The Chittagong Armoury Raid, a significant event in the Indian independence movement, was planned and executed on April 18, 1930, by the revolutionary leader Surya Sen, popularly known as "Masterda." He led a group of revolutionaries in an attempt to seize the armouries of the police and auxiliary forces in Chittagong, Bengal Presidency.

Explanation

The Cabinet Mission, consisting of Lord Pethick-Lawrence, Sir Stafford Cripps, and A.V. Alexander, arrived in India on March 24, 1946. Its purpose was to discuss the transfer of power from the British government to Indian leadership. The options provided (February 1942, March 1942, April 1942, May 1942) are all incorrect as they refer to the year 1942, which was the year of the Cripps Mission, not the Cabinet Mission. Therefore, 'None of the above' is the correct choice.

Explanation

During the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) launched by Mahatma Gandhi, many prominent Indian professionals, including lawyers, gave up their lucrative practices as a form of protest against British rule. Rajendra Prasad, a distinguished lawyer from Bihar, was one such individual. He left his legal profession to fully dedicate himself to the freedom struggle, becoming a key leader in the movement and later independent India's first President.

Explanation

The Indian Association of Calcutta, founded by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in 1876, was one of the most influential political organizations preceding the establishment of the Indian National Congress in 1885. It played a crucial role in mobilizing public opinion on various political and administrative issues and advocating for greater Indian representation, thereby serving as a significant precursor to a nationwide political body.

Explanation

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, widely known as Frontier Gandhi or Bacha Khan, organized the Khudai Khidmatgar (Servants of God) movement in 1929 in the North-West Frontier Province. This was a non-violent resistance group, characterized by its members wearing red shirts, that sought to oppose British rule and work for social reform, aligning its principles with Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy.

Explanation

The total investment is 20 lac, distributed in the ratio 7:2:1 for A, B, and C respectively. A's share of profit = (7/10) 18% of 20 lac = (7/10) 3.6 lac = 2.52 lac. B's share of profit = (2/10) 18% of 20 lac = (2/10) 3.6 lac = 0.72 lac. A's net profit after 30% tax = 2.52 lac (1 - 0.30) = 2.52 lac 0.70 = 1.764 lac. B's net profit after 20% tax = 0.72 lac (1 - 0.20) = 0.72 lac 0.80 = 0.576 lac. To find what percent of net profit of A is more than the net profit of B, we calculate (A's net profit / B's net profit) * 100. (1.764 / 0.576) 100 = 3.0625 100 = 306.25%.

Explanation

The coding pattern involves converting each letter to its alphabetical position (A=1, B=2, ... Z=26) and then summing the digits of that position until a single digit is obtained (this is also known as the digital root). For example, S is the 19th letter, so 1+9 = 10, then 1+0 = 1. U is 21st, 2+1 = 3. R is 18th, 1+8 = 9. Applying this to SURGICAL gives 13979313 and to STRIKE gives 129925. Applying this same rule to METRO-TRAIN: M=13 -> 1+3=4 E=5 -> 5 T=20 -> 2+0=2 R=18 -> 1+8=9 O=15 -> 1+5=6 So, METRO is coded as 45296. T=20 -> 2+0=2 R=18 -> 1+8=9 A=1 -> 1 I=9 -> 9 N=14 -> 1+4=5 So, TRAIN is coded as 29195. Combining these, METRO-TRAIN is 45296-29195.

Explanation

To find the pattern, examine the differences between consecutive terms: 20 - 7 = 13 45 - 20 = 25 88 - 45 = 43 The first differences are 13, 25, 43. Now, find the differences between these first differences: 25 - 13 = 12 43 - 25 = 18 The second differences are 12, 18. The difference between these second differences is 18 - 12 = 6. Assuming this third difference (6) is constant, the next second difference will be 18 + 6 = 24. The next first difference will be 43 + 24 = 67. Finally, the fifth value in the sequence will be 88 + 67 = 155.

Explanation

Let's analyze the pattern for each component: First letter: A (1st) -> C (3rd) -> G (7th). The differences are +2, +4. Following this pattern, the next difference should be +6. So, G (7th) + 6 = M (13th). Number: 26 -> 24 -> 20. The differences are -2, -4. Following this pattern, the next difference should be -6. So, 20 - 6 = 14. Last letter: H (8th) -> F (6th) -> B (2nd). The differences are -2, -4. Following this pattern, the next difference should be -6. So, B (2nd) - 6 = -4. When wrapping around the alphabet (A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26), -4 corresponds to 26 - 4 = 22, which is V. Combining these, the next term in the series is M14V. Since this option is not available among A, B, C, or D, the correct answer is E.

Explanation

First, calculate the old net salary: Old Gross Salary = Basic Salary + Old DA = 7700 + (125% of 7700) = 7700 + (1.25 * 7700) = 7700 + 9625 = 17325 Rs. Old Net Salary = Old Gross Salary - (20% of Old Gross Salary) = 17325 - (0.20 * 17325) = 17325 - 3465 = 13860 Rs.

Next, calculate the new net salary: New Gross Salary = Basic Salary + New DA = 7700 + (132% of 7700) = 7700 + (1.32 * 7700) = 7700 + 10164 = 17864 Rs. New Net Salary = New Gross Salary - (22% of New Gross Salary) = 17864 - (0.22 * 17864) = 17864 - 3929.08 = 13934.92 Rs.

Increase in salary = New Net Salary - Old Net Salary = 13934.92 - 13860 = 74.92 Rs. Approximating to the nearest whole number or given options, this is approximately Rs. 74.00.

Explanation

Let's first map the given symbols to the new operations:

• (from '^+' in the question) -> Multiplication x -> Addition -> Division ÷ (implied for the missing symbol ' ' in "” represents subtraction") -> Subtraction

-> Equal = -> Greater than

Now, let's evaluate each option: A) 12 ÷ 2 + 3 − 8 × 1 = 12 Applying the new operations: 12 - 2 * 3 / 8 + 1 > 12 12 - 6 / 8 + 1 > 12 12 - 0.75 + 1 > 12 11.25 + 1 > 12 12.25 > 12 (TRUE)

B) 11 × 2 − 4 ÷ 2 + 1 > 11 Applying the new operations: 11 + 2 / 4 - 2 * 1 = 11 11 + 0.5 - 2 = 11 9.5 = 11 (FALSE)

C) 7 − 2 × 5 ÷ 5 + 2 > 7 Applying the new operations: 7 / 2 + 5 - 5 * 2 = 7 3.5 + 5 - 10 = 7 8.5 - 10 = 7 -1.5 = 7 (FALSE)

D) 5 × 6 ÷ 3 − 3 + 1 = 4 Applying the new operations: 5 + 6 - 3 / 3 * 1 > 4 5 + 6 - 1 * 1 > 4 5 + 6 - 1 > 4 10 > 4 (TRUE)

Since both relations A and D are true, the correct answer is E, meaning "More than one of the above" is true.

Explanation

To count the occurrences of the digit 9 in numbers from 100 to 999, we can count how many times 9 appears in each digit position (hundreds, tens, and units).

Digit 9 in the units place: These are numbers like _ _ 9. The hundreds digit can be 1-9 (9 options) and the tens digit can be 0-9 (10 options). So, 9 x 10 = 90 occurrences. (e.g., 109, 119, ..., 999)

Digit 9 in the tens place: These are numbers like _ 9 _. The hundreds digit can be 1-9 (9 options) and the units digit can be 0-9 (10 options). So, 9 x 10 = 90 occurrences. (e.g., 190, 191, ..., 999)

Digit 9 in the hundreds place: These are numbers like 9 _ _. The tens digit can be 0-9 (10 options) and the units digit can be 0-9 (10 options). So, 1 x 10 x 10 = 100 occurrences. (e.g., 900, 901, ..., 999)

Total occurrences of the digit 9 = 90 (units) + 90 (tens) + 100 (hundreds) = 280 times.

Explanation

Let the tank capacity be 1 unit. Rate of drain A = 1/30 tank per minute. Rate of drain B = 1/20 tank per minute.

When both drains A and B are open, their combined rate is (1/30 + 1/20) tank per minute. Combined rate = (2/60 + 3/60) = 5/60 = 1/12 tank per minute.

Both drains are open for 10 minutes. Amount of tank emptied in the first 10 minutes = 10 minutes * (1/12 tank/minute) = 10/12 = 5/6 of the tank.

Remaining amount in the tank = 1 (full tank) - 5/6 (emptied) = 1/6 of the tank.

After 10 minutes, drain B is closed, and only drain A is open. Time taken for drain A to empty the remaining 1/6 of the tank = (Remaining amount) / (Rate of A) Time = (1/6) / (1/30) = (1/6) * 30 = 5 minutes.

Total time taken to empty the full tank = Time (both open) + Time (A alone) Total time = 10 minutes + 5 minutes = 15 minutes.

Explanation

Oranges are famously rich in Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and are considered an excellent source of this vitamin. While oranges do contain small amounts of various B vitamins, they are not characteristically known as a primary source of Vitamin B in the same way they are for Vitamin C, or in the way cod-liver oil is for Vitamin D, or wheat germ oil for Vitamin E. Therefore, the pairing of Vitamin B with oranges is not the most accurate or characteristic match.

Explanation

Teflon is the trade name for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which is a synthetic fluoropolymer. The polymer is formed by the polymerization of the monomer tetrafluoroethylene (C2F4). This monomer undergoes addition polymerization, where many tetrafluoroethylene units link together to form long chains, resulting in the highly stable and non-reactive material known as Teflon, widely used for its non-stick properties.

Explanation

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. It stores the hereditary information that determines the characteristics passed from parents to offspring. RNA, enzymes, and hormones play crucial roles in expressing these genetic instructions or regulating cellular processes, but DNA itself is the blueprint for hereditary characters.

Explanation

Ergocalciferol is specifically known as Vitamin D2. Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing the intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. The two main forms of vitamin D are vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). Both forms are important for human health, particularly bone health, and are collectively referred to as Vitamin D.

Explanation

Bakelite is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, which was one of the first plastics made from synthetic components. It is formed through a condensation reaction between phenol and formaldehyde. This reaction creates a cross-linked polymer structure, resulting in a rigid, durable material with excellent electrical insulating properties and resistance to heat and chemicals, making it suitable for various industrial and household applications.

Explanation

Both Sulphaguanidine and Chloramphenicol are classified as antibiotic drugs. Sulphaguanidine is a sulfonamide antibiotic used for intestinal infections, while Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against various bacterial infections. Since the question asks for "an antibiotic drug" and lists two valid options, the correct answer is "More than one of the above."

Explanation

Aspartame is a well-known artificial sweetener used in many diet foods and beverages. Freon refers to a group of chlorofluorocarbon compounds primarily used as refrigerants in cooling systems. Neoprene is a type of synthetic rubber known for its resistance to oil, heat, and weathering. Benadryl is a common brand name for diphenhydramine, an antihistamine used to treat allergies and insomnia. Therefore, the correct matches are 1-3, 2-4, 3-1, 4-2.

Explanation

Insulin is a vital hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels. Chemically, insulin is a polypeptide hormone, meaning it is composed of amino acid chains, which makes it a protein. It facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells from the bloodstream.

Explanation

The process of converting Vanaspati Oil (vegetable oil) into Vanaspati Ghee involves hydrogenation. In this chemical reaction, hydrogen gas is added to the unsaturated fatty acids present in the liquid vegetable oil in the presence of a catalyst, typically nickel. This converts the liquid oil into a semi-solid or solid fat, which is Vanaspati Ghee.

Explanation

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), commonly used as domestic fuel, is primarily a mixture of hydrocarbon gases. Its chief components are propane and butane. The exact proportion of these gases can vary depending on the season and geographical location, but both are fundamental constituents of LPG.

Explanation

Soap removes grease through the process of emulsification. Soap molecules have a unique structure with a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and a hydrophobic (grease-loving) tail. When soap is added to water with grease, the hydrophobic tails embed themselves in the grease droplets, while the hydrophilic heads face outwards towards the water. This forms stable tiny droplets called micelles, which suspend the grease in water, allowing it to be washed away.

Explanation

Oxytocin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the release of milk from the mammary glands, a process often referred to as the milk let-down reflex. When an infant sucks, nerve impulses signal the posterior pituitary gland to release oxytocin. This hormone causes the myoepithelial cells around the milk-producing alveoli in the breast to contract, forcing milk into the ducts and out of the nipple.

Explanation

Skin cancer is primarily linked to exposure to ultraviolet light (A-2). Noise pollution is measured in decibels (B-3), a logarithmic unit indicating sound intensity. Global warming is largely caused by the increase in greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (C-4). The depletion of the ozone layer, leading to the ozone hole, is mainly due to the release of chlorofluorocarbons (D-1). Therefore, the correct match is A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1.

Explanation

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin, and like other fat-soluble vitamins (D, E, K), it is stored in the body's tissues rather than being excreted quickly. The liver is the primary storage site for Vitamin A (retinol), holding approximately 90% of the body's total reserves. This storage capacity allows the body to draw upon these reserves as needed, even if dietary intake is inconsistent.

Explanation

Vitamin K is crucial for blood coagulation. It is a vital co-factor in the synthesis of several clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X) in the liver. Anticoagulant poisons, such as warfarin and many rodenticides, work by interfering with the body's ability to recycle and utilize Vitamin K effectively, thereby preventing the production of active clotting factors. Administering Vitamin K directly counteracts this effect, restoring normal blood clotting mechanisms and acting as an antidote.

Explanation

Iodised salt is common table salt (sodium chloride) fortified with small amounts of iodine compounds to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. The most commonly used compounds for iodisation are potassium iodide (KI) or potassium iodate (KIO3). These compounds are preferred because they are stable, easily absorbed by the body, and effectively deliver iodine in a safe and regulated manner. Free iodine is not used as it is volatile and potentially toxic.

Explanation

Acid rain is predominantly caused by the atmospheric emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from human activities, mainly the burning of fossil fuels. These gases react with water, oxygen, and other substances to form strong acids. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), formed from SO2, is typically the most abundant acidic component in acid rain, often accounting for 60-70% of the total acidity. Nitric acid (HNO3), formed from NOx, is also a significant contributor.

Explanation

The 'God Particle' is a popular nickname for the Higgs Boson. This term was coined by Nobel laureate Leon Lederman in his book "The God Particle: If the Universe Is the Answer, What Is the Question?". The Higgs Boson is a fundamental particle in the Standard Model of particle physics. It is associated with the Higgs field, which is hypothesized to give mass to other fundamental particles, explaining why some particles have mass and others do not. Its existence was confirmed at CERN in 2012.

Explanation

Cobalt-60 is a radioactive isotope that is widely used in external beam radiotherapy, a common treatment for various cancers, including leukemia. It emits high-energy gamma rays which are effective in destroying cancer cells. In the context of leukemia, Cobalt-60 therapy can be used for total body irradiation, often as a conditioning regimen before bone marrow transplantation.

Explanation

Donald Trump was the Presidential Nominee of the Republican Party for the 2016 US presidential election. He successfully won the election against his Democratic opponent, Hillary Clinton, becoming the 45th President of the United States.

Explanation

The Iran-Pakistan Gas pipeline project is commonly referred to as the "Peace Pipeline". This transnational pipeline is designed to transport natural gas from Iran to Pakistan, and potentially further to India, with the intention of promoting regional cooperation and energy security. The name "Peace Pipeline" reflects these broader diplomatic and economic goals associated with the project.

Explanation

India's rank in the 2016 Sustainable Development Goal Index was 110. This index, launched in July 2016 by the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) and the Bertelsmann Stiftung, assessed countries' progress towards achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. In the inaugural report, India was placed 110th out of 149 countries.

Explanation

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty adopted in 1992. Its ultimate objective, as stated in Article 2, is to "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system." Therefore, the Convention primarily deals with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation to address global warming and climate change.

Explanation

The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2016 was awarded to the American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan. He received the prestigious award "for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition." This marked a significant and widely discussed choice by the Swedish Academy, recognizing his lyrical contributions to music as literature.

Explanation

As of 2016, and continuing to be the case, Venezuela possesses the largest proven crude oil reserves in the world. The country's official figures indicate reserves exceeding 300 billion barrels, which primarily consist of extra-heavy crude oil found in the Orinoco Belt. This places Venezuela ahead of other major oil-producing nations in terms of total proven reserves.

Explanation

Antonio Guterres was selected as the new Secretary-General of the United Nations in October 2016, following a vote by the UN General Assembly. He officially began his term on January 1, 2017, succeeding Ban Ki-moon. As the question is from 2016 and asks for the "new" Secretary-General, Antonio Guterres is the correct answer.

Explanation

India officially joined the Hague Code of Conduct (HCOC) on June 1, 2016. The HCOC is a voluntary, legally non-binding agreement aimed at preventing the proliferation of ballistic missiles. India's accession was a significant step in demonstrating its commitment to non-proliferation norms.

Explanation

Sikkim was the first state in India to be declared 'Open Defecation Free' (ODF). The state achieved this milestone as early as 2008, much before the launch of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, through sustained efforts and community participation in sanitation programs.

Explanation

Lithuania became the 19th member of the Eurozone on January 1, 2015, by adopting the euro as its official currency. At the time the question was posed (2016), Lithuania was indeed the most recent country to join the Eurozone. Croatia joined much later in 2023.

Explanation

In 2016, the head of state of the United Kingdom was Queen Elizabeth II. She ascended to the throne in 1952 and reigned until her passing in September 2022. As such, she was the reigning monarch during the specified year.

Explanation

The Agra-Etawah Cycle Highway, considered India's first and Asia's longest, was inaugurated in November 2016. This 207-kilometer-long dedicated cycle track runs from Etawah to Agra, covering numerous tourist attractions. It was developed in the state of Uttar Pradesh to promote eco-tourism and healthy living.

Explanation

India's first textile university was planned to be established in Surat, Gujarat. The state government announced this initiative to provide specialized education and research opportunities in the textile industry, which is a significant sector in Gujarat. This university aimed to cater to the growing demand for skilled professionals and foster innovation in textile manufacturing and design.

Explanation

For the financial year 2016-17, the Union Budget presented by the then Finance Minister Arun Jaitley set the fiscal deficit target at 3.5% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This target was part of the government's commitment to fiscal consolidation and managing public finances responsibly. Achieving this goal aimed to maintain macroeconomic stability and promote sustainable economic growth.

Explanation

The joint military exercise "Maitree" is an annual bilateral training exercise conducted between India and Thailand. The 2016 edition of Exercise Maitree was held in Thailand, focusing on counter-terrorism operations and enhancing interoperability between the armies of both nations. This exercise aims to strengthen defense cooperation and share best practices in jungle and urban warfare.

Explanation

The nation-wide breastfeeding programme "MAA" (Mother's Absolute Affection) was launched by the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in August 2016. This initiative aims to promote optimal breastfeeding practices across the country by creating an enabling environment and providing support to mothers. The programme focuses on increasing awareness about the importance of breastfeeding for infant and maternal health.

Explanation

Masala Bonds are debt instruments issued by Indian entities in foreign countries but denominated in Indian Rupees, rather than the foreign currency. This allows Indian companies to raise capital from international markets while insulating them from currency fluctuation risks, as the repayment liability remains in rupees. This mechanism was introduced to allow Indian entities to tap global markets without incurring foreign exchange risk.

Explanation

Tri-Netra, which stands for "Train Imaging and Networking Technology for Real-time analysis," was launched by Indian Railways as a safety system to prevent accidents. This system employs high-resolution cameras, infrared cameras, and radar technology to detect obstacles on tracks, especially in adverse weather conditions like fog or at night. The aim is to provide locomotive pilots with better visibility and advance warning of obstructions, thereby enhancing operational safety.

Explanation

The Government of India constituted a committee headed by Neeraj Kumar Gupta, Additional Secretary in the Department of Electronics and Information Technology, to suggest measures to promote cashless transactions and digital payments. This committee was tasked with identifying bottlenecks and proposing solutions to accelerate the adoption of electronic payment methods across the country, aligning with the government's push for a less-cash economy.

Explanation

Argentina won the 2016 Davis Cup Tennis Tournament, marking their first-ever victory in the prestigious men's international team tennis event. The final was played against Croatia in Zagreb, where Argentina defeated the host nation by a score of 3-2. Juan Martin del Potro and Federico Delbonis were key players in securing the historic title for Argentina.

Explanation

India's first Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) laboratory was planned to be set up in Maharashtra. In 2016, the government gave in-principle approval for the LIGO-India project. The site for this advanced gravitational-wave detector was identified near Aundh in Hingoli district, Maharashtra. This facility aims to collaborate with existing LIGO observatories in the US to form a global network for gravitational-wave astronomy.

Explanation

The 2016 Summer Olympics, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, concluded with the United States of America topping the medal table. The U.S. contingent secured the most gold medals, as well as the highest total number of medals across all sports, solidifying its position as the leading nation in the global sporting event. Great Britain finished second, and China came in third based on gold medal count.

Explanation

The host country for the FIFA World Cup 2022 was decided and announced on December 2, 2010. Qatar won the bid to host the tournament, marking the first time the event would be held in the Arab world and the first in a Muslim-majority country. This decision was well-known internationally by 2016.

Explanation

As per the Census of India 2011, Bihar holds the third position among Indian states in terms of total population. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state, followed by Maharashtra at the second position. Bihar's significant population makes it one of the most densely populated states in the country.

Explanation

The 2016 Kabaddi World Cup was hosted by India and saw the Indian national team emerge victorious. India defeated Iran in the final match, securing their third consecutive title in the standard style Kabaddi World Cup. The tournament was held in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, and highlighted India's dominance in the sport.

Explanation

The 2016 Uber Cup, which is the world championship for women's national badminton teams, was won by China. The Chinese team defeated South Korea in the final match to clinch the title. The tournament was held in Kunshan, China, demonstrating China's strong performance in women's international badminton.

Explanation

Raghuveer Chaudhari, a prominent Gujarati novelist, poet, and critic, was conferred with the prestigious Jnanpith Award for the year 2015. This award is India's highest literary honor, given annually for outstanding contribution to literature. Chaudhari was recognized for his immense contributions across various literary genres in Gujarati language over several decades. The announcement for the 51st Jnanpith Award for 2015 was made in December 2015.

Explanation

The book "Six Machine : I Don't Like Cricket ... I Love It" is the highly anticipated autobiography of the West Indian cricketer Chris Gayle. Published in 2016, the book chronicles his life journey from humble beginnings in Jamaica to becoming one of the most explosive and celebrated batsmen in T20 cricket history. It offers insights into his unique playing style, larger-than-life personality, and experiences on and off the field.

Explanation

Devendra Jhajharia holds the distinction of being the first Indian to win two Paralympic Gold Medals. He achieved his first gold medal in the javelin throw event at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens. His second gold medal came at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, where he broke his own world record in the men's F46 javelin throw event. His consecutive gold medals solidified his place in Indian Paralympic history.

Explanation

The 2016 Rio Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad, had "World Peace and Environment" as its overarching theme. The opening ceremony extensively highlighted Brazil's natural beauty, its diverse ecosystem, and the urgent need for environmental conservation and sustainable living. It conveyed a strong message for global unity and addressing climate change challenges, reflecting the host nation's concerns.

Explanation

Terracotta models of a plough, providing significant archaeological evidence of agricultural practices during the Harappan civilization, were discovered at the site of Banawali. Located in Fatehabad district of Haryana, Banawali is an important Harappan site. The presence of these miniature ploughs indicates that the Harappans were familiar with and utilized the plough for tilling their fields, contributing to their advanced agricultural systems.

Explanation

Kharavela was a powerful king of Kalinga who ruled in the 2nd or 1st century BCE. He is known primarily from the Hathigumpha inscription. This inscription identifies him as belonging to the Mahameghavahana dynasty, which was a branch of the ancient Chedi dynasty. Therefore, King Kharavela was associated with the Chedi dynasty, and more specifically, with its Mahameghavahana branch in Kalinga.

Explanation

The Chinese Buddhist monk Sung Yun (Song Yun) was sent to India (the Western Regions) by the Empress Dowager Hu of the Northern Wei Dynasty. His mission was to collect Buddhist scriptures. He undertook this journey between 518 AD and 521 AD. Option A, which states 515 AD to 520 AD, encompasses the main period of his travels to India and aligns closely with historical records of his expedition.

Explanation

In ancient Indian land classification, particularly in the Gupta period and in texts such as the Amarakosha, 'Aprahata' referred to uncultivated jungle or forest land, i.e. land that had not been brought under the plough. Other categories included Kshetra (cultivable land), Khila (fallow land) and Vastu (habitable land). Hence the correct answer is A (Without cultivated forest land, i.e. uncultivated forest land).

Explanation

Odantapuri Mahavihara, also known as Odantipur, was a significant Buddhist monastery and educational center in ancient India. It was founded by King Gopala I, the founder of the Pala dynasty, in the 8th century. Odantapuri was located in Magadha, which corresponds to the present-day state of Bihar in India. Along with Nalanda and Vikramshila, it was one of the three prominent Buddhist learning centers in the region.

Explanation

During the Delhi Sultanate period, the administration was divided into various departments. The 'Diwan-e-Arz' (or Diwan-i-Arz) was the department dedicated to military affairs. It was headed by an official called the Ariz-i-Mumalik. This department was responsible for the organization, recruitment, equipment, payment, and overall administration of the Sultanate's army, thus directly associated with defence.

Explanation

The Bahmani Kingdom, a major medieval Indian Muslim state, was founded by Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah. He established the kingdom in 1347 AD, revolting against the Delhi Sultanate under Muhammad bin Tughlaq. Alauddin Hasan, also known as Hasan Gangu, made Gulbarga his capital and laid the foundation for a powerful Deccan sultanate.

Explanation

The Persian traveler Abdur Razzaq visited the Vijayanagara Empire during the reign of Deva Raya II. He served as an ambassador of the Timurid ruler Shah Rukh and arrived in India in the 1440s. His detailed observations provide valuable historical accounts of the grandeur, administration, and social life of the Vijayanagara kingdom during that period.

Explanation

Jaswant and Dasawan were two highly acclaimed painters who served in the court of the Mughal Emperor Akbar. They were prominent figures in the development of the distinctive Mughal miniature painting style that flourished during Akbar's reign. Their contributions were crucial to the growth of the Mughal school of painting, which combined Persian and Indian artistic traditions.

Explanation

The Akhil Bhartiya Kisan Congress, later known as the All India Kisan Sabha, was founded in 1936 AD. This significant organization was established at a session in Lucknow with the objective of addressing the grievances and promoting the rights of farmers and peasants across India. Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was elected as its first president.

Explanation

The Santhal revolt, a significant tribal uprising against the British East India Company and local landlords, occurred in 1855-56 AD. Led by brothers Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu, the rebellion was a response to the oppressive land revenue system, exploitation by moneylenders, and perceived injustices in the Damin-i-Koh region. The revolt was brutally suppressed by the British.

Explanation

Surendranath Banerjee, a prominent early Indian nationalist leader, cleared the Indian Civil Service examination in 1869. He was appointed as an Assistant Magistrate in Sylhet in 1871. However, he was controversially dismissed from his position in the Indian Civil Service in 1874. This event deeply impacted him and subsequently fueled his commitment to nationalist politics and administrative reforms, leading him to found the Indian Association in 1876.

Explanation

Sir Lionel Curtis is widely recognized as the 'father of Dyarchy'. He was a British official and political theorist who advocated for reforms in imperial administration. Curtis was a key figure in drafting the Montagu-Chelmsford Report, which recommended the introduction of Dyarchy in the provinces of British India through the Government of India Act 1919. This system divided provincial subjects into 'reserved' and 'transferred' categories, administered by British officials and Indian ministers respectively.

Explanation

The honorific titles of 'Rai Bahadur' for Hindus and Sikhs, and 'Khan Bahadur' for Muslims, were systematically instituted and began to be conferred upon loyal Indian subjects during the viceroyalty of Lord Lytton. Lytton served as the Viceroy of India from 1876 to 1880. These titles were part of the British government's strategy to recognize and reward Indian collaborators and elites who supported the colonial administration, strengthening their allegiance to the British Raj, particularly after the assumption of the title Empress of India by Queen Victoria.

Explanation

The Karnata dynasty, also known as the Simraon dynasty, was a significant medieval kingdom that ruled the Mithila region, which encompasses parts of present-day North Bihar and Nepal. The founder of this dynasty was Nanyadev (also spelled Nanyadeva). He established his rule in 1097 CE, making Simraongarh, located in the Terai region of Nepal, his capital. The dynasty played a crucial role in the political and cultural history of the region for over two centuries.

Explanation

Ikhtiyar al-Din Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji was the first Muslim conqueror to establish Muslim rule in Bihar. A Turkish military general, he led expeditions into eastern India during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. Around 1193 CE, he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and universities of Nalanda and Vikramshila, signifying a major turning point in the region's history and marking the beginning of the end of Buddhist dominance in Bihar. He subsequently extended his conquests into Bengal.

Explanation

Harisimha Deva was the last king of the Karnata dynasty of Mithila (present-day parts of Bihar and Nepal). He ruled from 1295 to 1324 CE. His reign ended when Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, the Sultan of Delhi, invaded Mithila in 1324 CE. Harisimha Deva was forced to flee to Nepal, marking the end of the Karnata dynasty's rule.

Explanation

Chandesvara, also known as Chandeshvara, was a prominent minister, judge, and scholar during the reign of King Harisimha Deva of the Karnata dynasty in Mithila. He authored several important works, with 'Rajaniti Ratnakara' being his most famous. This treatise is a significant text on ancient Indian political thought and statecraft, detailing various aspects of governance and duties of a king.

Explanation

Mauli Kavi is the celebrated author of 'Udwant Prakash'. This work is a historical and literary text that provides valuable insights into the history, culture, and social conditions of the Mithila region. It is particularly noted for its descriptions of the Karnata dynasty and its rulers, serving as an important source for understanding the medieval period of Bihar and Nepal.

Explanation

Nalanda Mahavihara, the renowned ancient Buddhist monastery and center of learning in ancient Magadha (modern-day Bihar), was famously destroyed by Bakhtiyar Khalji. He was a Turkic general who served under Qutb al-Din Aibak, the founder of the Delhi Sultanate. The destruction occurred around 1193 CE during his invasion of the region, leading to a significant decline of Buddhism in India.

Explanation

The Great Victoria Desert is the largest desert in Australia and also ranks among the largest deserts globally. It is located in the southwestern part of Australia, specifically spanning across the states of Western Australia and South Australia. It is characterized by vast expanses of sand dunes, grasslands, and salt lakes, and is a significant geographical feature of the continent.

Explanation

Coolgardie is a historic town in Western Australia, widely recognized for its pivotal role in the Australian gold rush of the 1890s. The discovery of gold in the region led to a massive influx of prospectors and rapid development. Even today, gold mining remains a significant activity in the Coolgardie area and its surrounds, such as Kalgoorlie-Boulder.

Explanation

Particulate matter (PM) refers to a complex mixture of extremely small particles and liquid droplets that are suspended in the air. These particles, which vary in size and composition, originate from various sources like dust, smoke, industrial emissions, and vehicle exhaust. Due to their ability to penetrate deep into the respiratory system and cause health problems, particulate matter is considered a major air pollutant.

Explanation

The mid-latitude grasslands in South America are famously known as the Pampas. These fertile plains primarily stretch across Argentina, Uruguay, and the southernmost state of Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul. The Pampas are characterized by their vast expanses of grass and serve as crucial agricultural regions, particularly for cattle ranching and grain cultivation.

Explanation

Bengaluru is a major hub for the aerospace industry, including aircraft manufacturing. Korba is known for its aluminium industry, with a large aluminium plant located there. Jamshedpur is a prominent industrial city, famous for its iron and steel plants, notably Tata Steel. Malajkhand is a significant site for copper mining and processing in India. Therefore, the correct match is Bengaluru-Aircraft, Korba-Aluminium, Jamshedpur-Iron|Steel, Malajkhand-Copper, which corresponds to the code 3412.

Explanation

The Dead Sea is a hypersaline lake located between Jordan and Israel. It is renowned for having one of the highest average salinities among all water bodies on Earth, significantly surpassing the salinity of typical oceans and other seas listed. Its extreme salt concentration is due to its arid climate, high evaporation rates, and lack of outlet, leading to a high density that allows objects to float easily.

Explanation

The Dravidian people and languages are primarily concentrated in the southern part of India. States such as Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana are predominantly inhabited by Dravidian linguistic and ethnic groups. While there are smaller groups and historical presence in other regions, South India remains the main geographical area for Dravadian cultures.

Explanation

The Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats, two prominent mountain ranges of the Peninsular India, converge and meet at the Nilgiri Hills. This geographical junction is located in the state of Tamil Nadu, at the tri-junction of Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, making the Nilgiri Hills a crucial point in the topography of South India.

Explanation

Khetri, situated in the Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan, is a historically significant and contemporary hub for copper mining and industry in India. The Khetri Copper Complex has been a major site for the extraction and processing of copper ore, contributing significantly to the nation's copper production for decades.

Explanation

The Golden Quadrilateral is a major national highway network project in India. It connects the four largest metropolitan cities of India: Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata, forming a quadrilateral shape. This project was a significant initiative to improve infrastructure and facilitate faster connectivity and economic development across the country.

Explanation

Bailadila, located in the Dantewada district of Chhattisgarh, is famous for its abundant deposits of high-grade iron ore. The primary type of iron ore mined extensively at Bailadila is Haematite. This ore is highly prized for its quality and high iron content, making Bailadila one of the most important iron ore mining regions in India.

Explanation

Jammu and Kashmir is the primary and almost exclusive producer of saffron in India. The Pampore region, often referred to as the 'Saffron Bowl' of Kashmir, is particularly famous for its saffron cultivation due to its unique agro-climatic conditions. While there have been attempts to grow saffron in other regions, Jammu and Kashmir accounts for the vast majority of India's saffron output.

Explanation

Devprayag is the sacred confluence where the Alaknanda River, originating from the Satopanth Glacier, meets the Bhagirathi River, which has its source at Gaumukh. From this point onwards, the combined stream is known as the Ganga (Ganges) River. It is one of the five holy confluences known as Panch Prayag in Uttarakhand.

Explanation

The Someshwar Hilly Range occupies the extreme North-Western part of Bihar state. This range forms a natural boundary with Nepal and is part of the Shivalik Hills. It is characterized by its hilly terrain and dense forests, and it includes the highest peak in Bihar.

Explanation

The Tel River is an important right-bank tributary of the Mahanadi River. It originates in the Niyamgiri hills of Odisha and flows through parts of Odisha before joining the Mahanadi. Since Mahanadi is not listed among the options A, B, C, or D, "None of the above" is the correct answer.

Explanation

The Triveni Canal is a prominent irrigation canal system in Bihar. It draws water from the Gandak River and irrigates agricultural lands in the West Champaran district of Bihar, near the Nepal border. The other canals mentioned, such as Upper Ganga, Sharda, and Eastern Yamuna, primarily serve areas in Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

Explanation

Bhagalpur is famously known as the "Silk City" of India and is a prominent center for silk textile production, especially for Tussar silk. It has a rich history of sericulture and silk weaving, making it a significant hub for the industry in Bihar.

Explanation

Bharat Wagon and Engineering Co. Ltd. (BWEL) is a Public Sector Undertaking under the Ministry of Railways. Its primary manufacturing unit, responsible for producing and repairing railway wagons, is located in Mokama, Bihar.

Explanation

National Highway 85 (NH 85) is the highway that connects Chhapra (in Saran district) and Gopalganj in Bihar. This highway serves as an important transportation artery, linking these two significant districts within the state.

Explanation

According to the Census of India 2011, the district of Madhepura recorded the highest decadal population growth rate in Bihar during the period 2001-2011. This signifies a rapid increase in its population over that decade.

Explanation

In the Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV of the Constitution), "Equal pay for equal work for both men and women" is mentioned in Article 39(d), and "Uniform Civil Code" is stated in Article 44. "Small family norm" and "Education through mother tongue at primary level" are not explicitly listed as Directive Principles.

Explanation

Vote on Account is a special provision that allows the government to obtain parliamentary approval for essential expenditure for a short period, usually a few months, when the full budget is yet to be passed. This ensures the smooth functioning of the government and continuation of services until the regular budget is enacted. It is essentially an interim arrangement to appropriate funds pending the passing of the annual budget.

Explanation

Constitution Day of India, also known as Samvidhan Divas, is celebrated on 26 November each year to commemorate the adoption of the Constitution of India. On this day in 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution, which later came into full effect on 26 January 1950. The government officially declared 26 November as Constitution Day in 2015.

Explanation

The Attorney General of India, as per Article 76 of the Constitution, has the right to speak and take part in the proceedings of both Houses of Parliament, joint sittings of Parliament, and any committee of Parliament of which he may be named a member. However, he does not have the right to vote. This unique privilege is extended to him in his capacity as the chief legal advisor to the Government of India.

Explanation

In the landmark case of Union of India v. Naveen Jindal (2004), the Supreme Court of India held that hoisting the National Flag by citizens on their private buildings is an expression of their fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression. This right is explicitly guaranteed under Article 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution, subject to reasonable restrictions imposed by law under Article 19(2).

Explanation

Certain fundamental rights are exclusively available to Indian citizens and not to aliens. These include rights under Article 15, Article 16, Article 19, Article 29, and Article 30. Therefore, Freedom of Expression and Speech (II, Article 19) and the Right of Minorities to conserve their language and culture (III, Article 29) are available only to citizens. Rights like Equality before Law (I, Article 14) and Protection to life and liberty (IV, Article 21) are available to both citizens and aliens.

Explanation

A Panchayat Samiti operates at the block level as part of the three-tier Panchayati Raj system in India. Its primary role is to coordinate the activities of the Gram Panchayats (village-level bodies) within its block and to supervise their functions. It also plays a significant role in implementing development programs and preparing plans for the block. Thus, its function extends beyond merely advisory or administrative to a coordinating and supervisory authority.

Explanation

According to Article 101(4) of the Indian Constitution, if a Member of Parliament (MP) is, without permission of the House, absent from all meetings thereof for a continuous period of sixty days, the House may declare his or her seat vacant. Sixty days is equivalent to two months. This provision ensures the active participation of elected representatives in legislative proceedings.

Explanation

The Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution distributes legislative powers between the Union and State governments through three lists. The Union List contains subjects on which Parliament has exclusive power to make laws, originally with 97 entries. The State List comprises subjects on which State Legislatures have exclusive power, originally with 66 entries. The Concurrent List includes subjects where both the Union and State governments can legislate, originally with 47 entries. Therefore, the correct match is: I. Union List - a. 97 entries II. State List - c. 66 entries III. Concurrent List - b. 47 entries This corresponds to the sequence a, c, b.

Explanation

The creation of a new state in India is governed by Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution. Article 4(2) specifically states that any law made under Article 2 or Article 3 for the admission or establishment of new states, or the formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing states, shall not be deemed to be an amendment of the Constitution for the purposes of Article 368. This means such a law can be passed by a simple majority of Parliament, rather than requiring the special majority prescribed for constitutional amendments under Article 368.

Explanation

The expression 'Socialist' was incorporated into the Preamble of the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976. Along with 'Socialist', the words 'Secular' and 'Integrity' were also added to the Preamble through the same amendment. This significant amendment reflected the then-government's commitment to these ideals.

Explanation

Article 53(1) of the Indian Constitution explicitly states that the executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution. This constitutional provision defines the manner in which the President exercises his vast powers. While the President acts on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers, the fundamental constitutional authority allows for direct or delegated exercise of power.

Explanation

The 'Ease of Doing Business Index' was a prominent annual report prepared and published by the World Bank Group. This index assessed regulatory environments across various economies to measure the extent to which they were conducive to starting and operating a local firm. It provided a quantitative measure of regulations relevant to business operations, which was used by policymakers and researchers worldwide. The publication of this report was, however, discontinued by the World Bank in 2020.

Explanation

Levying higher duties on exports would make Indian goods more expensive in international markets. This would likely reduce the demand for India's exports, leading to a decrease in foreign exchange earnings from exports. A decline in export earnings would worsen India's Balance of Payments position, rather than improving it. Conversely, measures like import substitution, devaluation of the rupee, and higher tariffs on imports are designed to either reduce imports or boost exports, thereby aiding in improving the BoP position.

Explanation

Service tax was introduced in India based on the recommendations of the Raja J. Challiah Committee. This committee, officially known as the Tax Reforms Committee, was constituted in 1991 to suggest comprehensive reforms for the Indian tax system. Its report, submitted in 1993, proposed the introduction of a service tax to broaden the tax base, which was subsequently implemented in the 1994-95 Union Budget.

Explanation

According to the Census 2011 data, Haryana recorded the lowest sex ratio among all Indian states. The sex ratio for Haryana was 879 females per 1000 males. This figure was significantly lower compared to other states like Punjab (895), Uttar Pradesh (912), and Bihar (918) mentioned in the options.

Explanation

V.K.R.V. Rao is widely recognized for making the first scientific estimation of national income in India. He undertook this pioneering work in 1931-32, employing modern statistical methods and detailed calculations, which provided a more accurate and systematic assessment compared to earlier, less rigorous estimates. His contribution laid important groundwork for future national income accounting in the country.

Explanation

According to the Census 2011, the decadal growth rate of India's population for the period 2001-2011 was 17.64 percent. This figure represents the overall percentage increase in the country's population over the ten years between the two censuses. It showed a decline compared to the previous decade's growth rate.

Explanation

A cash crop is an agricultural crop which is grown for sale to generate profit, rather than for personal consumption by the farmer. Jute, groundnut, and sugarcane are all prominent examples of cash crops in India, cultivated for industrial processing or direct market sale. Jowar (sorghum) is primarily a food grain, cultivated mainly for direct human consumption or as fodder for livestock, making it distinct from the other listed options as a major cash crop.

Explanation

The First Five Year Plan of India, implemented from 1951 to 1956, was primarily based on the Harrod-Domar Model. This economic model emphasized the role of savings and investment in achieving economic growth. The plan focused on agricultural development, irrigation, and power projects to address the immediate challenges facing the newly independent nation.

Explanation

The Black Revolution is associated with the increase in crude oil production. This initiative aims to enhance the production of petroleum to achieve self-reliance in energy resources. It also includes efforts to blend ethanol with petrol and boost the exploration and refining of crude oil.

Explanation

The state of Tamil Nadu has the largest number of cotton textile mills in India, particularly spinning mills. These mills are concentrated in regions like Coimbatore, Tirupur, and Erode. Since Tamil Nadu is not among the options A, B, C, or D, the correct choice is E, indicating that the state with the largest number of mills is not listed.

Explanation

According to economic surveys and reports on per capita income in Bihar, Sheohar district has consistently been identified as the poorest district in the state. Factors such as a lack of industrial development, reliance on agriculture, and high population density contribute to its low per capita income compared to other districts.

Explanation

Article 268 of the Indian Constitution specifies that certain stamp duties and duties of excise on medicinal and toilet preparations are levied by the Union government but collected and appropriated by the respective State governments. Stamp duties on financial instruments like bills of exchange, cheques, and promissory notes fall under this category, making them a tax levied by the Union and collected and appropriated by States.

Explanation

Bank rate refers to the official interest rate at which the central bank of a country lends money to commercial banks without demanding any collateral or security. This rate is a crucial instrument of monetary policy used by the central bank to influence credit availability and control inflation in the economy. It serves as a benchmark for other interest rates in the banking system, affecting lending and borrowing costs for commercial banks and ultimately for businesses and individuals.

Explanation

According to the economic surveys of Bihar for the period spanning 2005-06 to 2014-15, the Registered Manufacturing sector recorded the highest growth rate. During the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), for instance, the registered manufacturing sector demonstrated a growth rate of 19.3 percent, which significantly surpassed the growth rates of agriculture, banking, and transport sectors. This robust growth was a key feature of Bihar's economic development during that decade.

Explanation

The SUPUR (State Urban Planning and Infrastructure Development Project) project was an initiative in Bihar supported by the World Bank. Its broad objectives included improving urban infrastructure, strengthening municipal governance, and enhancing service delivery in urban areas, which encompassed aspects beyond just municipal finances. While municipal finances were a component, the project also focused on urban planning, infrastructure development, and institutional capacity building. Since the project's scope was multifaceted and not limited to a single specific area listed, "None of the above/More than one of the above" is the most appropriate answer.

Explanation

As per data available around 2016, the total length of National Highways in Bihar was approximately 4595 kilometers. For instance, the Economic Survey of Bihar 2015-16 reported figures very close to this, indicating the state's progress in road infrastructure. Option C correctly reflects this approximate length for National Highways in Bihar during that period.

Explanation

According to the Economic Survey of Bihar for the financial year 2015-16, the per capita electricity consumption in the state was 252 kWh. The figure for the previous year (2014-15) was 203 kWh. None of the provided options (A) 20 kWh, (B) 187 kWh, (C) 161 kWh, or (D) 145 kWh accurately reflect these official figures from around the time the question was asked. Therefore, "None of the above/More than one of the above" is the correct answer.

Explanation

JEEVIKA is the Bihar Rural Livelihoods Project (BRLP), an initiative launched by the Government of Bihar with support from the World Bank. Its primary goal is to empower rural households, especially women, by organizing them into self-help groups and providing them with opportunities for sustainable livelihoods. This directly contributes to poverty reduction and improving the socio-economic conditions of the rural poor, hence falling under the ambit of 'Poverty Attenuation'.