SSC CGL Tier 1 2024 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

The coding logic is based on the sum of the reverse positional values of the letters in the English alphabet, where the reverse value of a letter is calculated as 27 - positional value (A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26). For the word VTPM, the sum is (27-22) + (27-20) + (27-16) + (27-13) = 5 + 7 + 11 + 14 = 37. For the word CGNK, the sum is (27-3) + (27-7) + (27-14) + (27-11) = 24 + 20 + 13 + 16 = 73.

Following this pattern for the word MVLC, the reverse positional values are calculated as M: 27 - 13 = 14, V: 27 - 22 = 5, L: 27 - 12 = 15, and C: 27 - 3 = 24. Summing these values results in 14 + 5 + 15 + 24 = 58.

Explanation

The relationship followed in the given sets is that the sum of the first two numbers is equal to the third number. This can be expressed by the formula n1 + n2 = n3.

In the first set (121, 93, 214): 121 + 93 = 214. In the second set (115, 87, 202): 115 + 87 = 202.

Following the same logic for the set in option d, we find: 97 + 112 = 209.

The calculation confirms that the third number, 209, is the sum of the first number, 97, and the second number, 112.

Explanation

The relationship between Presence and Abundance is one of degree or intensity, where abundance denotes a high or plentiful state of presence. Similarly, the pair Infinite and Cosmic reflects a relationship of scale and characteristic. Cosmic relates to the vast, limitless nature of the universe, which is defined by being infinite. In this context, both pairs move beyond a simple state of being toward an expansive or extreme manifestation of that concept.

Explanation

The problem requires interchanging specific mathematical operators and evaluating the expression. According to the instructions, the multiplication sign × and the addition sign + are interchanged. Furthermore, the subtraction sign - is interchanged with the division sign ÷ (represented as ? in the interchange rule).

Applying these changes to the original expression 15 × 9 + 7 ÷ 26 - 13 results in the following equation: 15 + 9 × 7 - 26 ÷ 13

To solve this, the BODMAS rule is followed, which dictates the order of operations as Division, Multiplication, Addition, and Subtraction.

First, performing the division: 26 ÷ 13 = 2

The expression simplifies to: 15 + 9 × 7 - 2

Second, performing the multiplication: 9 × 7 = 63

The expression becomes: 15 + 63 - 2

Third, performing the addition: 15 + 63 = 78

Finally, performing the subtraction: 78 - 2 = 76

Explanation

The expression 5 - 2 x 4 ÷ 3 can be decoded using the given relations step by step. Starting from the right, the segment 4 ÷ 3 indicates that 4 is the father of 3. Moving to the next segment, 2 x 4 means that 2 is the wife of 4. Since 4 is the father of 3 and 2 is his wife, 2 is the mother of 3. Finally, the segment 5 - 2 indicates that 5 is the brother of 2. Therefore, as the brother of 3's mother, 5 is the mother's brother of 3.

Explanation

The letter clusters in the group are determined by the numerical positions of the letters in the English alphabet using the pattern +5 followed by +3. For the cluster DIM, the letters correspond to positions D = 4, I = 9, and M = 13. While the first gap follows the pattern (4 + 5 = 9), the second gap is 13 - 9 = 4. This increment of 4 deviates from the +3 logic observed in the rest of the group.

Explanation

The relationship follows the rule n² - 2 → (n+1)² - 2, where n is a whole number. For the first pair, the number 62 is expressed as 8² - 2. Applying the logic of incrementing the base by 1, the related number is (8+1)² - 2 = 9² - 2 = 79.

For the second pair, 98 is expressed as 10² - 2. Applying the same logic, the related number is (10+1)² - 2 = 11² - 2 = 119. To find the number related to 14, we first identify its base using the same formula: 14 = 4² - 2, which gives n = 4. Following the pattern, the related number is (4+1)² - 2 = 5² - 2 = 23.

Explanation

The series follows a consistent pattern where each letter in a cluster is shifted forward by 4 positions in the English alphabetical order to obtain the corresponding letter in the next cluster.

For the first letter of each cluster, the sequence is N (14), R (18), V (22), and Z (26). Adding 4 to Z (26) gives 30, which corresponds to the letter D (since 30 - 26 = 4).

For the second letter of each cluster, the sequence is U (21), Y (25), C (3), and G (7). Adding 4 to G (7) results in 11, which corresponds to the letter K.

For the third letter of each cluster, the sequence is T (20), X (24), B (2), and F (6). Adding 4 to F (6) results in 10, which corresponds to the letter J.

Combining these results, the next cluster in the series is DKJ.

Explanation

The terms in the given series are squares of consecutive prime numbers starting from 2. The prime number sequence is 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, ... and so on.

The first term is 2² = 4. The second term is 3² = 9. The third term is 5² = 25. The fourth term is 7² = 49. The fifth term is 11² = 121. The sixth term is 13² = 169. The seventh term is 17² = 289.

The missing numbers in the series are 9 and 25, which correspond to the squares of the prime numbers 3 and 5.

Explanation

The word WISDOM contains the letters W, I, S, D, O, and M. Arranging these letters in alphabetical order results in the new sequence D, I, M, O, S, W.

In this new letter-cluster, the third letter from the left end is M and the second letter from the right end is S. The letters in the English alphabetical series between M and S are N, O, P, Q, and R. Counting these letters gives a total of five.

Explanation

To find the value of the expression 11 ÷ 12 - 78 × 6 + 57, the signs are interchanged such that ÷ is replaced by ×, - is replaced by +, × is replaced by ÷, and + is replaced by -.

Substituting these signs into the original expression: 11 × 12 + 78 ÷ 6 - 57

According to the BODMAS rule, operations must be performed in the order of Division, Multiplication, Addition, and Subtraction.

First, perform the division: 78 ÷ 6 = 13

Next, perform the multiplication: 11 × 12 = 132

The expression now becomes: 132 + 13 - 57

Perform the addition: 132 + 13 = 145

Finally, perform the subtraction: 145 - 57 = 88

The calculated value is 88.

Explanation

The numbers in each set follow a specific parity pattern. In options a, c, and d, the first and third numbers are odd, while the middle number is even. This pattern results in an even sum for the entire set, as Odd + Even + Odd = Even.

Option a: 81 (Odd), 118 (Even), 91 (Odd). Sum: 81 + 118 + 91 = 290 (Even) Option c: 99 (Odd), 104 (Even), 71 (Odd). Sum: 99 + 104 + 71 = 274 (Even) Option d: 21 (Odd), 38 (Even), 31 (Odd). Sum: 21 + 38 + 31 = 90 (Even)

In option b, the first and second numbers are even, while the third is odd. This results in an odd sum, as Even + Even + Odd = Odd.

Option b: 52 (Even), 68 (Even), 51 (Odd). Sum: 52 + 68 + 51 = 171 (Odd)

Additionally, in options a, c, and d, the difference between the second and first number is a prime number (118 - 81 = 37; 104 - 99 = 5; 38 - 21 = 17). In option b, the difference is 68 - 52 = 16, which is not a prime number.

Explanation

The series follows a repeating pattern of a six-letter block: P-Q-P-S-A-P. By dividing the 20-character sequence into segments of six, the structure becomes PQ_S_P | PQ P_AP | PQ_SAP | _Q.

Filling the blanks with the letters from the sequence P, A, S, P, P completes each block perfectly. The first blank at the third position receives P to complete the first half of the block. The second blank at the fifth position receives A to finish the first six-letter unit. The third blank at the tenth position receives S to complete the second block. The fourth blank at the fifteenth position receives P to complete the third block. Finally, the fifth blank at the nineteenth position receives P to begin the fourth block. This results in the uniform series PQPSAP | PQPSAP | PQPSAP | PQ.

Explanation

The transformation logic involves swapping the positions of specific letters within each five-letter word. The first and second letters are interchanged, the third letter remains fixed in its original position, and the fourth and fifth letters are interchanged. This pattern can be represented by the positional shift (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) → (2, 1, 3, 5, 4).

For SWEET, S and W swap, E remains, and E and T swap, resulting in WSETE. For SALTY, S and A swap, L remains, and T and Y swap, resulting in ASLYT. Applying this same logic to DRINK: the first two letters D and R swap to become RD, the third letter I stays in place, and the final two letters N and K swap to become KN. Combining these parts yields the term RDIKN.

Explanation

The word more is the only common word between the two given phrases: make some more and need more time. Similarly, by comparing the corresponding code sets pb gq st and ru ek gq, the only code that appears in both groups is gq. In this coding system, the shared word across different phrases maps directly to the shared code in their respective strings. Therefore, more is represented by the code gq.

Explanation

The numbers in the given sets follow the logic that the second number is twice the first number minus 100, which can be expressed by the formula y = 2x - 100. For the first set (173, 246), the operation is 173 × 2 - 100 = 346 - 100 = 246. For the second set (148, 196), the operation is 148 × 2 - 100 = 296 - 100 = 196. Applying this same mathematical rule to the pair (154, 208), we obtain 154 × 2 - 100 = 308 - 100 = 208.

Explanation

To find the code for the letter A, we compare the two given words and their numerical codes. The common letters between VERY and VARY are V, R, and Y. Looking at their respective codes, 6314 and 1438, the common digits are 1, 3, and 4.

By process of elimination, the letter that is present in VARY but not in VERY is A. Similarly, the digit that is present in the code for VARY (1438) but not in the code for VERY (6314) is 8. Therefore, the letter A is represented by the digit 8.

Explanation

According to the given conditions, the mathematical signs are interchanged as follows: × is interchanged with ÷, and - is interchanged with +.

Substituting the interchanged signs into the original equation 14014 × 14 - 10 ÷ 8 + 14, we get the new expression: 14014 ÷ 14 + 10 × 8 - 14

Following the BODMAS rule (Division, Multiplication, Addition, then Subtraction):

First, perform the division: 14014 ÷ 14 = 1001

Next, perform the multiplication: 10 × 8 = 80

Now, substitute these values back into the expression: 1001 + 80 - 14

Perform the addition: 1001 + 80 = 1081

Finally, perform the subtraction: 1081 - 14 = 1067

Explanation

The letters in the word MEADOW are M, E, A, D, O, and W. To determine which letters remain in the same position after being rearranged, we must first establish the correct English alphabetical order for these specific letters. Sorting them alphabetically yields the sequence: A, D, E, M, O, and W.

By comparing the original word to this alphabetically sorted sequence position by position, we can identify any unchanged locations. In the original word, the sequence is M at the first position, E at the second, A at the third, D at the fourth, O at the fifth, and W at the sixth. In the sorted sequence, the first four positions are occupied by A, D, E, and M respectively, all of which differ from the original letters. However, the fifth position remains occupied by the letter O, and the sixth position remains occupied by the letter W. Consequently, there are two letters whose positions remain unchanged.

Explanation

The mathematical operation used to relate the numbers in the given sets is division by 2, represented by the formula y = ˣ⁄₂, where x is the first number and y is the second number. In the first set (280, 140), the calculation is 280 ÷ 2 = 140. Similarly, in the second set (186, 93), the calculation is 186 ÷ 2 = 93. Applying this logic to the set (118, 59), we observe that 118 ÷ 2 = 59, which satisfies the same mathematical relationship.

Explanation

By interchanging the numbers 3 and 4 in the given equation 48 ÷ 3 + 12 × 4 - 6 × 7 + 21 = 27, the equation becomes:

48 ÷ 4 + 12 × 3 - 6 × 7 + 21 = 27

Applying the BODMAS rule (Brackets, Orders, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction), we solve the equation in the following steps:

Perform Division: 48 ÷ 4 = 12 Equation: 12 + 12 × 3 - 6 × 7 + 21 = 27

Perform Multiplications: 12 × 3 = 36 and 6 × 7 = 42 Equation: 12 + 36 - 42 + 21 = 27

Perform Additions: 12 + 36 + 21 = 69 Equation: 69 - 42 = 27

Perform Subtraction: 69 - 42 = 27 Equation: 27 = 27

The left-hand side equals the right-hand side, confirming that interchanging 3 and 4 satisfies the equation.

Explanation

Urology is the medical specialty that focuses on the urinary tract system of both males and females, as well as the male reproductive organs. A urologist treats conditions involving the kidneys, bladder, and urethra. The uterus is a primary organ of the female reproductive system, and its study and treatment fall under the domain of gynecology rather than urology. Therefore, while the other pairs correctly link a specific organ or system to its dedicated medical specialist, this pair contains a mismatch between the organ and the professional field.

Explanation

The coding pattern follows the rule Code = n - 1, where n is the total number of letters in the word. For the word CONFUSED, the number of letters is 8, resulting in a code of 8 - 1 = 7. For the word CHAIN, the number of letters is 5, resulting in a code of 5 - 1 = 4. Applying this same logic to ADULTHOOD, which consists of 9 letters, the code is calculated as 9 - 1 = 8.

Explanation

The underlying mathematical logic for the number pairs in this set is n₁ = (n₂ × 8) - 1, where n₁ is the first number and n₂ is the second number. Applying this rule to the second numbers of the pairs, we find that 19 × 8 - 1 = 151, 17 × 8 - 1 = 135, and 13 × 8 - 1 = 103. The pair 128:16 is the odd one out because it follows a different operation, where the first number is a direct multiple of the second: 16 × 8 = 128. Because it does not involve the subtraction of 1 to reach the first value, it deviates from the pattern established by the other pairs.

Explanation

The series is completed by dividing the letters into four groups of four characters each. By sequentially placing the letters from option d), rpqrrqr, into the blanks, the series becomes:

qp(r)r | (p)r(q)q | (r)p(r)r | (q)p(r)q

The pattern within this series follows a consistent structure where each group of four letters consists of three distinct characters (q, p, r), with one character being doubled in each group.

Group 1: q, p, r, r (The letter r is doubled) Group 2: p, r, q, q (The letter q is doubled) Group 3: r, p, r, r (The letter r is doubled) Group 4: q, p, r, q (The letter q is doubled)

In this pattern, the doubled letter alternates between r and q in each subsequent group. The remaining two positions in each group are filled by the other letters from the set {q, p, r} in a specific alternating order. Substituting the letters from option d) perfectly aligns with the fixed characters given in the original sequence (e.g., the p at position 10, the r at position 12, and the q at position 16).

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in the given pairs is established by multiplying the first number by a constant factor of 7 to obtain the second number. In the first instance, 16 × 7 = 112. Following the same logic for the second pair, 26 × 7 = 182. To find the number related to 44, we apply the same mathematical operation: 44 × 7 = 308.

Explanation

The relationship established in the first pair is that of a specific member belonging to a general category. Summer is classified as a type of season. Following the same logic, cotton is classified as a type of cloth or textile material. The second term in the analogy provides the categorical definition for the first term.

Explanation

From the given statements, we can establish the relationships between the sets through logical intersection. Since some bottles are flasks and all flasks are bins, the specific portion of bottles that are flasks must also be contained within the bin set, which confirms that some bottles are bins (Conclusion I). Furthermore, because all bottles are contained within the jug set, any overlap between bottles and bins necessarily implies an overlap between jugs and bins, validating that some jugs are bins (Conclusion II). Regarding the third conclusion, since some bottles are flasks and all bottles are jugs, the flasks that overlap with the bottle set are inherently part of the jug set, proving that some flasks are jugs (Conclusion III). Consequently, all three conclusions logically follow from the premises.

Explanation

The logic follows an incremental addition to the positional values of the letters in each cluster. For the first pair, RATE to SCWI, the transformations are R (18) + 1 = S (19), A (1) + 2 = C (3), T (20) + 3 = W (23), and E (5) + 4 = I (9).

Similarly, for HIGH to IKJL, the transformations are H (8) + 1 = I (9), I (9) + 2 = K (11), G (7) + 3 = J (10), and H (8) + 4 = L (12).

Applying this +1, +2, +3, +4 pattern to the fifth letter-cluster OPEN: O (15) + 1 = P (16) P (16) + 2 = R (18) E (5) + 3 = H (8) N (14) + 4 = R (18)

The corresponding letters yield the cluster PRHR.

Explanation

The series follows a specific mathematical pattern for each letter position in the four-letter terms based on their place value in the English alphabet (A=1, B=2, …, Z=26).

For the first letter of each term: G(7), C(3), Y(25), …, Q(17). The pattern is a consistent subtraction of 4. Subtracting 4 from the position of Y(25) gives 25 - 4 = 21, which corresponds to the letter U. Verifying the next step, 21 - 4 = 17, which matches Q.

For the second letter of each term: A(1), C(3), E(5), …, I(9). The pattern is an addition of 2. Adding 2 to the position of E(5) gives 5 + 2 = 7, which corresponds to the letter G. Verifying the next step, 7 + 2 = 9, which matches I.

For the third letter of each term: S(19), O(15), K(11), …, C(3). The pattern is a subtraction of 4. Subtracting 4 from the position of K(11) gives 11 - 4 = 7, which corresponds to the letter G. Verifying the next step, 7 - 4 = 3, which matches C.

For the fourth letter of each term: M(13), O(15), Q(17), …, U(21). The pattern is an addition of 2. Adding 2 to the position of Q(17) gives 17 + 2 = 19, which corresponds to the letter S. Verifying the next step, 19 + 2 = 21, which matches U.

Combining the results from each position (U, G, G, S), we get the term UGGS.

Explanation

The logic applied in the relationship is x → x³, where the second number is the cube of the first whole number.

For the first pair, the relationship is 8³ = 8 × 8 × 8 = 512. For the second pair, the relationship is 12³ = 12 × 12 × 12 = 1728.

Applying this same mathematical logic to the number 15, we calculate the cube of the number: 15³ = 15 × 15 × 15 = 3375

Explanation

The series follows the recursive formula aₙ₊₁ = 2aₙ + 4n, where n is the position of the term in the sequence starting from n = 1. This pattern involves multiplying the preceding number by 2 and adding successive multiples of 4.

Applying the formula to the given terms: The second term is 17 × 2 + 4(1) = 34 + 4 = 38 The third term is 38 × 2 + 4(2) = 76 + 8 = 84 The fourth term is 84 × 2 + 4(3) = 168 + 12 = 180

To verify the pattern with the remaining numbers in the series: The fifth term is 180 × 2 + 4(4) = 360 + 16 = 376 The sixth term is 376 × 2 + 4(5) = 752 + 20 = 772

Following this logic, the number that replaces the question mark is 180.

Explanation

The relationship between the first pair of words is based on antonyms. Acrimony refers to bitterness, ill-feeling, or harshness in tone and behavior, whereas humanity, in this context, represents kindness, compassion, and benevolence. These two terms function as opposites regarding human temperament and conduct.

To maintain the same logical relationship for the second pair, an antonym for the word wield must be identified. Wield means to hold and use a tool or weapon, or to exercise power and influence. Forgo means to abstain from, decline to take, or relinquish something. Thus, while wielding involves the active use or exercise of something, forgoing involves giving it up or choosing not to exercise it.

Explanation

The coding logic follows a specific pattern where consonants are represented by their literal alphabetical positional values (A=1, B=2, …, Z=26), while vowels (A, E, I, O, U) are represented by twice their positional values. For example, in DEMAND, D is 4, E (vowel) is 5 × 2 = 10, M is 13, A (vowel) is 1 × 2 = 2, N is 14, and D is 4, resulting in 410132144. Similarly, in SUPPLY, S is 19, U (vowel) is 21 × 2 = 42, P is 16, P is 16, L is 12, and Y is 25, resulting in 194216161225.

Applying this logic to PRODUCT: P is a consonant (16). R is a consonant (18). O is a vowel (15 × 2 = 30). D is a consonant (4). U is a vowel (21 × 2 = 42). C is a consonant (3). T is a consonant (20).

Combining these values in sequence gives the code 161830442320.

Explanation

The given problem requires interchanging the operators according to the specified rules: × is replaced by ÷, - is replaced by +, + is replaced by -, and ÷ is replaced by ×. Substituting these into the original expression 304 × 19 - 101 + 23 ÷ 5, we get the modified expression:

304 ÷ 19 + 101 - 23 × 5

Following the BODMAS rule, we first perform the division operation: 304 ÷ 19 = 16

Next, we perform the multiplication operation: 23 × 5 = 115

Now the expression is simplified to: 16 + 101 - 115

Performing the addition: 117 - 115

Performing the final subtraction: 2

Explanation

The logic followed in the other number pairs is that the first number is obtained by multiplying the second number by 6 and then adding 2. Using the formula n₁ = (n₂ × 6) + 2, we find that 56 = (9 × 6) + 2, 44 = (7 × 6) + 2, and 68 = (11 × 6) + 2. In the pair 72 : 12, the relationship is simply 72 = 12 × 6, meaning the constant value of 2 is not added to the product. Since this pair fails to follow the + 2 rule established by the others, it is the odd one out.

Explanation

Based on the given statements, we can analyze the logical relationships between the sets. The statement some rats are mouse establishes an overlap between rats and mice. The statement no mouse is a rodent means the sets of mice and rodents are completely separate. The statement some rats are kittens establishes an overlap between rats and kittens.

Conclusion I, no rodent is a kitten, does not follow because the premises provide no information regarding the relationship between rodents and kittens. They could potentially overlap or be separate. Conclusion II, some rats are rodent, does not follow because while we know some rats are mice (and thus not rodents), there is no information forcing any other rats to be rodents. Conclusion III, no kitten is a mouse, does not follow because although both categories overlap with rats, there is no rule preventing kittens and mice from overlapping with each other. Since none of the proposed conclusions are necessarily true in all possible scenarios, none of the conclusions follow.

Explanation

The letter-clusters BCD, RST, and JKL follow a consecutive forward alphabetical sequence where each subsequent letter is the immediate successor of the preceding one. Specifically, in these clusters, the positional values increase by 1 for each step, such as B(2)-C(3)-D(4), R(18)-S(19)-T(20), and J(10)-K(11)-L(12). Conversely, the cluster ONM follows a consecutive backward alphabetical sequence where the positional values decrease by 1 for each step, corresponding to O(15)-N(14)-M(13). This reversal of the alphabetical order distinguishes it from the other three clusters.

Explanation

The series consists of 20 characters, which can be divided into four groups of five letters each. By placing the letters from the correct option into the blanks, the series is revealed to follow a repetitive pattern with a systematic change in the first letter of each group.

The complete series is: BYNFJ | ZYNFJ | XYNFJ | VYNFJ

The logic is as follows: Each group of five letters ends with the same four-letter sequence: YNFJ. The first letter of each group follows a decreasing alphabetical pattern where 2 is subtracted from the positional value of the previous starting letter: B (2) - 2 = Z (26) Z (26) - 2 = X (24) X (24) - 2 = V (22)

By filling the blanks at positions 4, 6, 10, 12, and 18 with F, Z, J, Y, and N respectively, the groups consistently maintain the YNFJ suffix while the prefix letters decrement by two steps in the alphabet.

Explanation

To solve the equation, replace the mathematical operators according to the interchange rules. Based on the provided expression and result, the signs are interchanged as follows: '-' is interchanged with '+' (all '-' become '+' and all '+' become '-') '÷' is interchanged with '×' (all '÷' become '×' and all '×' become '÷')

Original equation: 164 - 173 ÷ 110 + 140 × 5 = ?

Substituting the signs according to the rules: 164 + 173 × 110 - 140 ÷ 5 = ?

Now, apply the BODMAS rule (Division and Multiplication first, then Addition and Subtraction):

Division: 140 ÷ 5 = 28

Multiplication: 173 × 110 = 19030

Addition and Subtraction: 164 + 19030 - 28 = 19194 - 28 = 19166

Explanation

Based on the given code, the expression M * N - P + Q ÷ R + T can be decoded step by step to determine the relationship between M and Q.

The segment M * N indicates that M is the wife of N. Consequently, N is the husband of M. The segment N - P states that N is the father of P. The segment P + Q indicates that P is the sister of Q. Since P and Q are siblings and N is the father of P, it follows that N is also the father of Q. Because M is the wife of N, M is the mother of N's children. Therefore, M is the mother of Q.

Explanation

The logic followed in this code language is to take the numerical position of each letter in the English alphabetical order (where A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26) and add 2 to it. The resulting numbers are then written together to form the code.

For MAN: M is the 13th letter: 13 + 2 = 15 A is the 1st letter: 1 + 2 = 3 N is the 14th letter: 14 + 2 = 16 Joining these gives 15316.

For SHE: S is the 19th letter: 19 + 2 = 21 H is the 8th letter: 8 + 2 = 10 E is the 5th letter: 5 + 2 = 7 Joining these gives 21107.

For OUT: O is the 15th letter: 15 + 2 = 17 U is the 21st letter: 21 + 2 = 23 T is the 20th letter: 20 + 2 = 22 Joining these gives the final code 172322.

Explanation

The series follows a logical pattern where each subsequent number is determined by multiplying the preceding number by 2 and then alternately adding or subtracting 1. The sequence begins with 12 × 2 + 1 = 25, followed by 25 × 2 - 1 = 49. Continuing this alternating arithmetic pattern, the missing number is calculated as 49 × 2 + 1 = 99. The validity of this pattern is confirmed by applying it to the remaining terms: 99 × 2 - 1 = 197 and 197 × 2 + 1 = 395, both of which align perfectly with the provided series.

Explanation

The letters of the word JUNGLE are E, G, J, L, N, and U when arranged in alphabetical order. In this new sequence, the letter second from the left end is G, and the letter third from the right end is L. In the English alphabetical series, G is the 7th letter and L is the 12th letter. The number of letters lying between them is calculated by the formula (Position of L - Position of G) - 1. Substituting the values, we get (12 - 7) - 1 = 4. These four letters are H, I, J, and K.

Explanation

The pattern followed in the given analogy is that each individual letter in the primary cluster is replaced by two letters: the letter that immediately precedes it and the letter that immediately follows it in the English alphabetical order.

In the first pair, OUR results in NPTVQS because O is preceded by N and followed by P (NP), U is preceded by T and followed by V (TV), and R is preceded by Q and followed by S (QS). In the second pair, BIG results in ACHJFH because B maps to AC, I maps to HJ, and G maps to FH.

Applying this rule to the third word, FOR: F is between E and G, giving the pair EG. O is between N and P, giving the pair NP. R is between Q and S, giving the pair QS.

Concatenating these pairs results in the cluster EGNPQS.

Explanation

The relationship in the given pair is that of a nutrient or mineral and the disease caused by its deficiency. Calcium is an essential mineral for bone health, and its deficiency in adults leads to osteomalacia, a condition characterized by the softening of bones. Similarly, iron is a critical mineral required for the production of hemoglobin in red blood cells. A deficiency of iron in the body leads to anaemia, a condition where the blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells to carry sufficient oxygen to the body's tissues.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in the given pairs follows the logic: Second Number = (First Number × 9) + 100.

For the pair 17:253, the calculation is (17 × 9) + 100 = 153 + 100 = 253. For the pair 19:271, the calculation is (19 × 9) + 100 = 171 + 100 = 271.

Applying this same logic to the numbers in option a, we multiply 21 by 9 and add 100: (21 × 9) + 100 = 189 + 100 = 289. This satisfies the relationship found in the initial pairs.

Explanation

In the given sets, the numbers follow a pattern of a constant difference of 9 between consecutive terms. For the set (66, 57, 48), the calculations are 66 - 57 = 9 and 57 - 48 = 9. For the set (94, 85, 76), the calculations are 94 - 85 = 9 and 85 - 76 = 9. This indicates that the numbers in the set are in an arithmetic progression with a common difference of -9.

Applying this rule to the selected set, we see that 81 - 72 = 9 and 72 - 63 = 9. Because both subtractions result in the constant value of 9, the set follows the identical mathematical relationship as the provided examples.

Explanation

The coding logic follows a pattern where the numerical positions of the letters in the English alphabet (A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26) are written in reverse order of the letters in the word.

For the word BRING, the positions of the letters are B=2, R=18, I=9, N=14, and G=7. Writing these values in the reverse order of the letters (G, N, I, R, B) gives the code 7149182.

For the word SMILE, the positions are S=19, M=13, I=9, L=12, and E=5. Reversing the order of these positions based on the letters (E, L, I, M, S) results in 51291319.

Applying the same logic to the word FORGIVE, the alphabetical positions of the letters are F=6, O=15, R=18, G=7, I=9, V=22, and E=5. To obtain the code, we arrange these numerical values according to the letters in reverse order (E, V, I, G, R, O, F). This gives the sequence 5, 22, 9, 7, 18, 15, and 6, which concatenates to 5229718156.

Explanation

The logic followed in the given sets involves three sequential operations. For a starting number n, the second number is n², the third number is obtained by subtracting 10 from the second number (n² - 10), and the fourth number is obtained by subtracting the first number from the third number (n² - 10 - n).

In the first given set (14-196-186-172), the sequence is 14² = 196, followed by 196 - 10 = 186, and then 186 - 14 = 172. Similarly, in the second given set (15-225-215-200), the sequence is 15² = 225, followed by 225 - 10 = 215, and then 215 - 15 = 200.

In option a, for the starting number 9, the square is 9² = 81. Subtracting 10 from the square gives 81 - 10 = 71. Finally, subtracting the first number 9 from the third number results in 71 - 9 = 62.