SSC CGL Tier 1 2023 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

The statements can be represented using set notation where M represents metals, G represents gold, J represents jewellery, and O represents ornaments. The statements establish the relationships J ⊆ G and G ⊆ O. By the transitive property of inclusion, if every element of jewellery is in the set of gold, and every element of gold is in the set of ornaments, then every element of jewellery is necessarily in the set of ornaments (J ⊆ O). This confirms that all jewellery are ornaments, making Conclusion III logically follow.

Furthermore, if all jewellery are ornaments, then there must be an intersection between the set of ornaments and the set of jewellery such that at least some ornaments are jewellery. This validates Conclusion I. However, while the statements M ⊆ G and J ⊆ G establish that both metals and jewellery are contained within the set of gold, they do not provide any information regarding the relationship between metals and jewellery. There is no requirement for these two subsets to overlap. Therefore, Conclusion II does not logically follow from the given premises. Based on this logical deduction, only conclusions I and III are valid.

Explanation

Based on the statement, S is the sister-in-law whose husband is Q, which establishes that S and Q are a married couple. N is the son of Q, and since S is Q's wife, N is also the son of S. The statement further mentions that N has a sister R. Since N and R are siblings sharing the same parents, and S is the mother of N, it follows that S is also the mother of R.

Explanation

The relation between the numbers in the given sets is defined by the formula: (First Number - Second Number) × 2 + 5 = Third Number.

For the first set (36, 21, 35): (36 - 21) × 2 + 5 = 15 × 2 + 5 = 30 + 5 = 35.

For the second set (43, 19, 53): (43 - 19) × 2 + 5 = 24 × 2 + 5 = 48 + 5 = 53.

Following this same logic for option a (51, 34, 39): (51 - 34) × 2 + 5 = 17 × 2 + 5 = 34 + 5 = 39.

Explanation

The number pairs follow the mathematical operation y = x(x + 1), where x is the first number and y is the second number. In the case of the pair (13, 180), substituting the value of x into the formula yields:

y = 13 × (13 + 1) y = 13 × 14 = 182

Since the second number given in the pair is 180 instead of the calculated value of 182, this pair does not follow the consistent operation applied to the other pairs in the set.

Explanation

The logic followed in the given sets is that the second number is the sum of the square of the first number and the third number. The relationship can be expressed by the formula: b = a² + c where a is the first number, b is the second number, and c is the third number.

For the set (5, 32, 7): 5² + 7 = 25 + 7 = 32

For the set (4, 30, 14): 4² + 14 = 16 + 14 = 30

Applying the same logic to the options, for (7, 60, 11): 7² + 11 = 49 + 11 = 60

Explanation

The series follows a consistent positional pattern for each letter within the clusters. For the first letter of each cluster, the alphabetical positions are C (3), E (5), G (7), and I (9), which show an increment of +2. Following this, the next first letter is 9 + 2 = 11, which is K. For the second letter, the positions are X (24), V (22), T (20), and R (18), which show a decrement of -2. The next second letter is 18 - 2 = 16, which is P. For the third letter, the positions are W (23), U (21), S (19), and Q (17), which also show a decrement of -2. The next third letter is 17 - 2 = 15, which is O. Assembling these results yields the letter-cluster KPO.

Explanation

The word CAPSULE is transformed by moving consonants to the next letter and vowels to the previous letter in the alphabetical series. C becomes D, A becomes Z, P becomes Q, S becomes T, U becomes T, L becomes M, and E becomes D. The resulting sequence is D Z Q T T M D. The third alphabet from the left is Q and the third alphabet from the right is T. In the English alphabetical series, the letters between Q and T are R and S. This results in a total of two alphabets between them.

Explanation

The relationship in the given analogy is based on a general category followed by a specific example or variety within that category. A Labrador is a specific breed that belongs to the broader classification of Dog. Similarly, Capsicum is a specific type of plant that belongs to the broader classification of Vegetable. Both pairs represent a genus-species or category-member relationship where the second term is a subset of the first.

Explanation

The logic follows a two-step transformation: first, the letters of the given word are reversed, and then an increasing sequence of integers starting from +1 is added to the alphabetical position of each letter. For the word BEAUTY, reversing the letters gives the sequence Y, T, U, A, E, B. Adding the increments results in Y(25) + 1 = Z(26), T(20) + 2 = V(22), U(21) + 3 = X(24), A(1) + 4 = E(5), E(5) + 5 = J(10), and B(2) + 6 = H(8), producing the cluster ZVXEJH.

Similarly, for the word FRAGILE, the reversal is E, L, I, G, A, R, F. Applying the increments yields E(5) + 1 = F(6), L(12) + 2 = N(14), I(9) + 3 = L(12), G(7) + 4 = K(11), A(1) + 5 = F(6), R(18) + 6 = X(24), and F(6) + 7 = M(13), resulting in FNLKFXM.

For the word BEYOND, the reversed sequence is D, N, O, Y, E, B. Applying the pattern: D(4) + 1 = 5 (E) N(14) + 2 = 16 (P) O(15) + 3 = 18 (R) Y(25) + 4 = 29. Since there are 26 letters, 29 - 26 = 3 (C) E(5) + 5 = 10 (J) B(2) + 6 = 8 (H)

Combining these results gives the letter-cluster EPRCJH.

Explanation

The coding logic involves taking the positional value of each letter in the English alphabetical order (A=1, B=2, …, Z=26) and adding 3 to it. For 'CBVQ', the positions are C=3, B=2, V=22, and Q=17. Adding 3 to each yields 3+3=6, 2+3=5, 22+3=25, and 17+3=20. Concatenating these values gives 652520. Similarly, for 'FRJT', the positions are F=6, R=18, J=10, and T=20. Adding 3 gives 6+3=9, 18+3=21, 10+3=13, and 20+3=23, which forms 9211323.

Following this pattern for 'EHLP', the positional values are E=5, H=8, L=12, and P=16. Adding 3 to each value results in 5+3=8, 8+3=11, 12+3=15, and 16+3=19. Concatenating these sums yields the final code 8111519.

Explanation

The coding logic follows a transformation formula for a five-letter word L₁ L₂ L₃ L₄ L₅ as (L₂+2)(L₁+2)(L₃+3)(L₅-2)(L₄-2). By applying this pattern to the word WAGER, where W=23, A=1, G=7, E=5, R=18, the code is derived as follows:

The first segment (L₂+2)(L₁+2) results in (1+2)(23+2), which corresponds to the alphabetical positions 3 and 25, or the letters C and Y.

The middle segment (L₃+3) results in (7+3), which corresponds to the alphabetical position 10, or the letter J.

The final segment (L₅-2)(L₄-2) results in (18-2)(5-2), which corresponds to the alphabetical positions 16 and 3, or the letters P and C.

Assembling these components in sequence produces the coded word CYJPC.

Explanation

The relationship between the first pair is that of a physical quantity and its unit of measurement. Weight is quantified using units such as Pounds. Applying the same logic to the second pair, Height is a physical dimension that is measured using units of length. Metres is the standard unit used to measure the height or length of an object or person.

Explanation

Substituting the signs from option d) into the given equation 55 ∗ 63 ∗ 9 ∗ 8 ∗ 3 = 38, we get the mathematical expression 55 + 63 ÷ 9 - 8 × 3 = 38. According to the BODMAS rule, the operations must be performed in the order of Division, Multiplication, Addition, and then Subtraction.

First, perform the division: 63 ÷ 9 = 7 The expression simplifies to 55 + 7 - 8 × 3 = 38.

Next, perform the multiplication: 8 × 3 = 24 The expression becomes 55 + 7 - 24 = 38.

Finally, perform addition and subtraction: 55 + 7 = 62 62 - 24 = 38

Since 38 = 38, the equation is balanced.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in the pairs can be identified by the property of their sum. In three of the given pairs, the sum of the first and second numbers is a multiple of 4, whereas the fourth pair does not follow this pattern:

a) 81 + 19 = 100, which is 4 × 25 (Multiple of 4) b) 21 + 23 = 44, which is 4 × 11 (Multiple of 4) c) 1 + 3 = 4, which is 4 × 1 (Multiple of 4) d) 64 + 9 = 73, which is not divisible by 4

Furthermore, in the first three pairs, the first number leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 4 (x ≡ 1 4) and the second number leaves a remainder of 3 (y ≡ 3 4). In pair (d), the first number (64) is a multiple of 4 and the second number (9) leaves a remainder of 1, failing both criteria. Additionally, the second numbers in the first three pairs (19, 23, 3) are all prime numbers, while the second number in the fourth pair (9) is a composite number.

Explanation

From the given information, B is C's father and A is B's wife, which makes A and B a married couple and the parents of C. Since C is the only daughter of A and B, and D is described as A's only son-in-law, D must be the husband of C. We are told that F is the son of C. Because D is the husband of C and F is the son of C, D is the father of F.

Explanation

Conclusion I follows directly from the third statement All juices are alcohols. In syllogistic logic, a universal affirmative statement of the form All A are B logically implies the particular affirmative converse Some B are A. Since all juices are alcohols, it is necessarily true that some alcohols are juices.

Conclusion II is derived by combining the second and third statements. The second statement establishes that Some wines are juices, and the third statement asserts that All juices are alcohols. Since the entire set of juices is contained within the set of alcohols, the subset of wines that are juices must also be alcohols. Therefore, the conclusion Some wines are alcohols follows.

Conclusion III follows from the first statement All fruits are wines. Similar to the logic used for the first conclusion, the universal statement All fruits are wines implies its particular converse Some wines are fruits. If every fruit is a wine, then any existing fruit represents a case where a wine is also a fruit.

Explanation

The logic followed in the given sets of numbers is based on the formula: (First Number × 3) + Third Number = Second Number

Applying this to the first set (5, 19, 4): 5 × 3 + 4 = 15 + 4 = 19

Applying this to the second set (1, 7, 4): 1 × 3 + 4 = 3 + 4 = 7

Following the same pattern for the third set (6, ?, 1): 6 × 3 + 1 = 18 + 1 = 19

Explanation

To arrange words in dictionary order, they must be sorted alphabetically letter by letter. Banter (6) starts with Ba, making it the first word in the list. Next, Believe (1) and Bereave (3) both start with Be; comparing the third letters, l comes before r, so 1 precedes 3. Blight (4) follows next as Bl comes after Be. Finally, Brave (5) and Breathe (2) both begin with Br; comparing their third letters, a comes before e, meaning 5 precedes 2. Following this logic, the correct alphabetical sequence is 6, 1, 3, 4, 5, 2.

Explanation

The relationship expressed in the given pair is that of a person and their specific place of residence or dwelling. A King is a royal ruler whose official and traditional home is a Palace. Similarly, a Nun is a member of a religious community of women, typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, whose dedicated place of residence is a Convent. In both instances, the second word identifies the formal habitation associated with the individual described by the first word.

Explanation

The pattern follows the rule: (First Number - Second Number) × Multiplier = Third Number. The multiplier used is the second number of the triplet, with a minimum value of 5.

For the triplet (7, 5, 10): The difference between the first and second number is 7 - 5 = 2. Using the second number (5) as the multiplier: 2 × 5 = 10

For the triplet (2, 1, 5): The difference between the first and second number is 2 - 1 = 1. Since the second number (1) is less than 5, the minimum multiplier of 5 is used: 1 × 5 = 5

For the triplet (16, 6, ?): The difference between the first and second number is 16 - 6 = 10. Using the second number (6) as the multiplier: 10 × 6 = 60

Explanation

Based on the rules provided for operator substitution, the symbols are replaced as follows: subtraction (-) becomes multiplication (×), addition (+) becomes subtraction (-), multiplication (×) becomes division (÷), and division (÷) becomes addition (+).

Substituting these into the given expression 3 - 21 + 153 × 17 ÷ 26, we get: 3 × 21 - 153 ÷ 17 + 26

To solve this, the BODMAS rule is applied, which dictates the order of operations as Division, Multiplication, Addition, and Subtraction.

First, perform the division: 153 ÷ 17 = 9

The expression now reads: 3 × 21 - 9 + 26

Second, perform the multiplication: 3 × 21 = 63

The expression now reads: 63 - 9 + 26

Finally, perform addition and subtraction: 63 + 26 - 9 = 89 - 9 = 80

Explanation

The series progresses by adding and subtracting consecutive multiples of 5 in an alternating sequence. Starting from the first term, the differences between consecutive numbers are: 54 - 49 = +5 (or +5 × 1) 44 - 54 = -10 (or -5 × 2) 59 - 44 = +15 (or +5 × 3)

Continuing this arithmetic pattern, the next operation requires subtracting the fourth multiple of 5 (5 × 4 = 20) from the fourth term. 59 - 20 = 39

The validity of this pattern is confirmed by applying it to the remaining terms in the sequence: 39 + 25 = 64 (or +5 × 5) 64 - 30 = 34 (or -5 × 6)

The consistent rule of alternating between +5n and -5n for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 identifies the missing number.

Explanation

The given letter series consists of 28 characters which can be divided into four identical blocks of seven letters each. By observing the segments, we can determine the repeating pattern.

The four segments are: Segment 1: DY_GMI_ Segment 2: _YTG_IL Segment 3: DYT_MIL Segment 4: D_TGM_L

Comparing these segments reveals that each block follows the sequence DYTGMIL. Substituting the missing letters to complete this pattern in each segment gives:

In segment 1, the blanks at positions 3 and 7 are filled with T and L. In segment 2, the blanks at positions 8 and 12 are filled with D and M. In segment 3, the blank at position 18 is filled with G. In segment 4, the blanks at positions 23 and 27 are filled with Y and I.

The letters placed in the blanks sequentially from left to right are T, L, D, M, G, Y, and I. This sequence corresponds to TLDMGYI.

Explanation

Dictionary ordering is determined by comparing words letter by letter from left to right. All six words begin with the prefix Dec. Comparing the fourth letters (l, o, r), Decline (l) comes first. Next, comparing words starting with Deco (Decode, Decorate, Decorum, Decouple), we look at the fifth letters (d, r, u). Decode (d) precedes the others. Among those with r as the fifth letter (Decorate, Decorum), the sixth letters (a, u) place Decorate before Decorum. Then Decouple (u as fifth letter) follows. Finally, Decrease is placed last as its fourth letter is r. This yields the sequence 1, 6, 4, 5, 2, 3.

Explanation

The letter-cluster FHJL follows a constant addition pattern where each consecutive letter is exactly 2 positions ahead of the previous one in the English alphabet: F=6, H=8, J=10, and L=12. In the other clusters, the gaps between consecutive letters follow a non-uniform sequence of +4, +3, and +1 based on their alphabetical positions. This unique and uniform +2 progression makes FHJL the cluster that is different from the others.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in each set (a, b, c) is established by the formula a² + c² = b, where the sum of the squares of the first and third numbers equals the middle number.

In the first given set (8, 388, 18), the calculation is 8² + 18² = 64 + 324 = 388. In the second given set (11, 137, 4), the calculation is 11² + 4² = 121 + 16 = 137.

Applying the same logic to option d (14, 221, 5): 14² + 5² = 196 + 25 = 221.

The set (14, 221, 5) follows the identical mathematical pattern as the provided examples.

Explanation

The coding logic is based on calculating the sum of the positional values of the letters in the English alphabet (where A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26) and then multiplying this sum by the total number of letters present in the word.

In the word ROSE, the positional values are R=18, O=15, S=19, and E=5. The sum of these values is 18 + 15 + 19 + 5 = 57. Since there are 4 letters in ROSE, the code is 57 × 4 = 228.

In the word TULIP, the positional values are T=20, U=21, L=12, I=9, and P=16. The sum is 20 + 21 + 12 + 9 + 16 = 78. Since there are 5 letters in TULIP, the code is 78 × 5 = 390.

Following the same pattern for the word LOTUS, the positional values are L=12, O=15, T=20, U=21, and S=19. The sum of these values is 12 + 15 + 20 + 21 + 19 = 87. As LOTUS contains 5 letters, the final code is calculated as 87 × 5 = 435.

Explanation

The letters of the words are transformed based on a specific shift pattern applied to each position. Let the position of a letter in the alphabet be P.

For PLACE to CONHA: P (16) + 13 = 29 ≡ 3 (C) L (12) + 3 = 15 (O) A (1) + 13 = 14 (N) C (3) + 5 = 8 (H) E (5) + 22 = 27 ≡ 1 (A) The shifts are: 13, 3, 13, 5, 22.

For SHOCK to QKQNA: S (19) + 24 = 43 ≡ 17 (Q) H (8) + 3 = 11 (K) O (15) + 2 = 17 (Q) C (3) + 11 = 14 (N) K (11) + 16 = 27 ≡ 1 (A) The shifts are: 24, 3, 2, 11, 16.

The shifts for FROWN are determined by the progression of the previous shifts: 1st letter: The shift is the sum of previous shifts (mod 26). 13 + 24 = 37 ≡ 11. F(6) + 11 = 17 (Q). 2nd letter: There is a constant shift of +3. R(18) + 3 = 21 (U). 3rd letter: The shift is the sum of previous shifts (mod 26). 13 + 2 = 15. O(15) + 15 = 30 ≡ 4 (D). 4th letter: The shifts follow a pattern of adding increasing multiples of 3 (+6, +9). 5 + 6 = 11; 11 + 9 = 20. W(23) + 20 = 43 ≡ 17 (Q). 5th letter: The shifts follow a pattern of subtracting increasing multiples of 3 (-6, -9). 22 - 6 = 16; 16 - 9 = 7. N(14) + 7 = 21 (U).

Applying these shifts to FROWN (6, 18, 15, 23, 14) results in QUDQU (17, 21, 4, 17, 21).

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in the given sets (N₁, N₂, N₃) follows the pattern: (N₁ ÷ N₂) + 2 = N₃.

In the first set (24, 3, 10): 24 ÷ 3 = 8 8 + 2 = 10

In the second set (144, 9, 18): 144 ÷ 9 = 16 16 + 2 = 18

Applying the same logic to the numbers in option d, (133, 7, 21): 133 ÷ 7 = 19 19 + 2 = 21

Explanation

The relationship between the letter-clusters follows a pattern of shifting the alphabetical position of each letter by a specific sequence of values: -2, +3, -3, +3, -4, and +3. For FUELED, the transformations based on positional values are 6 - 2 = 4 (D), 21 + 3 = 24 (X), 5 - 3 = 2 (B), 12 + 3 = 15 (O), 5 - 4 = 1 (A), and 4 + 3 = 7 (G), resulting in the cluster DXBOAG. Similarly, for GELATO, the shifts result in 7 - 2 = 5 (E), 5 + 3 = 8 (H), 12 - 3 = 9 (I), 1 + 3 = 4 (D), 20 - 4 = 16 (P), and 15 + 3 = 18 (R), producing the cluster EHIDPR.

Applying this identical sequence to the fifth cluster HEARTY, the transformations are 8 - 2 = 6 (F), 5 + 3 = 8 (H), 1 - 3 = 24 (X), 18 + 3 = 21 (U), 20 - 4 = 16 (P), and 25 + 3 = 28, which cycles back to 2 (B) in the alphabetical order. Combining these resulting letters in their respective positions yields the cluster FHXUPB.