SSC CGL Tier 1 2022 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in the given sets follows the formula: Middle = (First - Third) × 5

Applying this logic to the provided sets: In the set (36, 90, 18): (36 - 18) × 5 = 18 × 5 = 90

In the set (15, 35, 8): (15 - 8) × 5 = 7 × 5 = 35

Applying the same logic to the options: In the set (14, 45, 5): (14 - 5) × 5 = 9 × 5 = 45

Explanation

To represent A as the maternal grandfather of C, A must be the father of C's mother. Based on the given definitions, the expression A ÷ B establishes that A is the father of B, and the expression B + C establishes that B is the mother of C. By combining these relationships, the sequence A ÷ B + C denotes that A is the father of B, who in turn is the mother of C. Therefore, A is the father of C's mother, which fulfills the definition of a maternal grandfather.

Explanation

The relationship between the letter-clusters follows a two-step pattern: first, the letters of the word are reversed; second, the alphabetical position of each letter in the reversed sequence is decreased by 1 (Position - 1).

For the first pair ROAR, the reversed sequence is RAOR. Decreasing each letter's position by 1 yields: R (18) - 1 = 17 (Q) A (1) - 1 = 26 (Z) O (15) - 1 = 14 (N) R (18) - 1 = 17 (Q) This results in the cluster QZNQ.

Similarly, for the second pair HEAR, the reversed sequence is RAEH. Decreasing each letter's position by 1 yields: R (18) - 1 = 17 (Q) A (1) - 1 = 26 (Z) E (5) - 1 = 4 (D) H (8) - 1 = 7 (G) This results in the cluster QZDG.

Applying the same logic to the fifth cluster DAMP, the letters are first reversed to obtain PMAD. Then, the numerical position of each letter is decreased by 1: P (16) - 1 = 15 (O) M (13) - 1 = 12 (L) A (1) - 1 = 26 (Z) D (4) - 1 = 3 (C) Following this transformation, the final cluster is OLZC.

Explanation

To evaluate the equation after interchanging the numbers 5 and 9, we substitute 5 in place of 9 and 9 in place of 5 in the expression 9 - 5× 4 + 6÷ 3. The modified expression becomes 5 - 9× 4 + 6÷ 3. Following the BODMAS rule, we first perform the division: 6 ÷ 3 = 2. Next, we perform the multiplication: 9 × 4 = 36. Substituting these values back into the expression gives 5 - 36 + 2. Solving for addition and subtraction, we calculate 5 + 2 - 36 = 7 - 36 = -29. Since the resulting value -29 does not match the given value of -30, the equation is not correct.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in each set follows the pattern A = 4 × (B + C).

In the first given set (452, 50, 63): 50 + 63 = 113 113 × 4 = 452

In the second given set (260, 35, 30): 35 + 30 = 65 65 × 4 = 260

Following this logic, the set (260, 50, 15) is correct because: 50 + 15 = 65 65 × 4 = 260

Explanation

The letter-clusters in the group follow a specific pattern based on the alphabetical positions of the letters, where A = 1, B = 2, …, Z = 26. The rule for the group is that the second letter is 7 positions behind the first, and the third letter is 10 positions ahead of the second. This can be represented by the transitions L1 - 7 = L2 and L2 + 10 = L3. In the cluster CGB, the first letter C (3) shifted by -7 positions should result in V (22) because 3 - 7 = -4, and -4 + 26 = 22. Instead, the second letter is G (7), which is a shift of +4. Furthermore, the second letter G (7) shifted by +10 positions should result in Q (17), but the third letter is B (2). Because CGB deviates from the standard -7, +10 logic used by the rest of the group, it is the cluster that does not belong.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in the given sets follows the logic that the second number is half the product of the first and third numbers. This can be expressed by the formula b = (a × c)/(2), where a, b, and c represent the first, second, and third numbers respectively.

In the first set (12, 42, 7): (12 × 7)/(2) = ⁸⁴⁄₂ = 42

In the second set (13, 52, 8): (13 × 8)/(2) = ¹⁰⁴⁄₂ = 52

Applying this same logic to the set (9, 18, 4): (9 × 4)/(2) = ³⁶⁄₂ = 18

Explanation

The transformation of the letter-clusters follows a specific pattern based on whether a letter is a consonant or a vowel. Every consonant in the cluster is shifted one position forward in the alphabetical sequence (+1), while every vowel is shifted three positions backward in the sequence (-3).

Applying this rule to the word REGION: The consonant R (18th letter) increases by 1 to become S (19th letter). The vowel E (5th letter) decreases by 3 to become B (2nd letter). The consonant G (7th letter) increases by 1 to become H (8th letter). The vowel I (9th letter) decreases by 3 to become F (6th letter). The vowel O (15th letter) decreases by 3 to become L (12th letter). The consonant N (14th letter) increases by 1 to become O (15th letter).

By combining these results in the original order, the letter-cluster REGION becomes SBHFLO.

Explanation

The series follows a specific arithmetic pattern for each letter position within the clusters. For the first letters, the sequence is D(4), G(7), J(10), M(13). There is a constant increment of +3 at each step. Adding 3 to M (13) results in 16, which corresponds to the letter P.

For the second letters, the sequence is A(1), E(5), I(9), M(13). There is a constant increment of +4 at each step. Adding 4 to M (13) results in 17, which corresponds to the letter Q.

For the third letters, the sequence is J(10), L(12), N(14), P(16). There is a constant increment of +2 at each step. Adding 2 to P (16) results in 18, which corresponds to the letter R.

Combining these results, the next letter-cluster in the series is PQR.

Explanation

To solve the equation 14 × 6 ÷ 12 + 15 - 9 = 203, we apply the interchanges specified in the option. By swapping the numbers 15 and 6 and interchanging the operators + and ÷, the expression on the left-hand side is rewritten as:

14 × 15 + 12 ÷ 6 - 9

Following the BODMAS order of operations, we first calculate the multiplication and division components: 14 × 15 = 210 12 ÷ 6 = 2

The expression then simplifies to: 210 + 2 - 9

Next, we perform the addition and subtraction: 212 - 9 = 203

The calculated value of 203 matches the right-hand side of the given equation.

Explanation

Conclusion I follows because all fans are switches and some bulbs are switches. Since there is no negative relationship established between bulbs and fans, it is logically possible for the sets to overlap, making some bulbs being fans a valid possibility. Conclusion II follows through a categorical syllogism: since all fans are contained within the set of switches and no switch is a vase, it is impossible for any fan to be a vase. Conclusion III does not follow because the statement all fans are switches cannot be universally reversed to mean all switches are fans. Conclusion IV does not follow because while bulbs that are switches cannot be vases, there is no information restricting bulbs that are not switches from being vases.

Explanation

The expression W # Q @ T | Y @ M % K is decoded as follows: W # Q means W is the mother of Q. Q @ T means Q is the son of T. Since W is the mother, T must be the father of Q, establishing W and T as a married couple where W is the wife and T is the husband. T | Y means T is the brother of Y. Y @ M means Y is the son of M. Since T is the brother of Y, T is also the son of M. M % K means M is the wife of K, which makes K the husband of M and the father of T. Given that T is the husband of W and K is the father of T, K is the father-in-law of W.

Explanation

In formal logic, both statements are Particular Affirmative (I-type) propositions. Statement I establishes an intersection between sets W and F, while Statement II establishes an intersection between sets R and F. The middle term F is not distributed in either statement because it serves as the predicate of particular affirmative propositions. According to the rules of syllogism, if the middle term is not distributed at least once, no definite relationship can be established between the remaining terms, W and R. Furthermore, positive premises cannot lead to negative conclusions. Since both Conclusion I (Some R are not W) and Conclusion II (No W is R) are negative statements derived from positive premises, they cannot logically follow.

Explanation

The coding pattern assigns numerical values based on two different rules for consonants and vowels. Consonants are represented by their standard alphabetical position (B=2, R=18, K=11, C=3, L=12, N=14, G=7, T=20). Vowels are represented by their position in the sequence of vowels A, E, I, O, U, where A=1, E=2, I=3, O=4, and U=5.

Applying this to the word TRING, the letter T is the 20th consonant, R is the 18th consonant, and I is the 3rd vowel. The letter N is the 14th consonant and G is the 7th consonant. Concatenating these values in sequence results in the code 20183147.

Explanation

To arrange words according to their appearance in an English dictionary, we compare the letters of each word from left to right. All five words share the same first four letters, Expe. We then examine the fifth letter of each word to determine the sequence.

Expedition has d as its fifth letter. Expel has l as its fifth letter. Expensive and Expenditure both have n as their fifth letter. Experience has r as its fifth letter. In alphabetical order, d comes before l, n, and r. Therefore, 2- Expedition is the first word in the sequence. Next is l, making 4- Expel the second word.

To differentiate between 1- Expensive and 5- Expenditure, which both have n at the fifth position, we look at their sixth letters. Expenditure has d, while Expensive has s. Since d precedes s in the alphabet, 5- Expenditure comes third and 1- Expensive comes fourth. Finally, comparing the fifth letter r in 3- Experience with the others, r comes after n. Thus, 3- Experience is the fifth and final word. The resulting dictionary order is 2, 4, 5, 1, 3.

Explanation

The series follows a specific mathematical pattern for each letter position in the terms RMTS, WGAK, BAHG, and GUOU.

For the first letter, the pattern is an increment of 5: R (18) + 5 = W (23) W (23) + 5 = 28 ≡ 2 (B) B (2) + 5 = G (7) G (7) + 5 = 12 (L)

For the second letter, the pattern is a decrement of 6: M (13) - 6 = G (7) G (7) - 6 = A (1) A (1) - 6 = -5 ≡ 21 (U) U (21) - 6 = 15 (O)

For the third letter, the pattern is an increment of 7: T (20) + 7 = 27 ≡ 1 (A) A (1) + 7 = H (8) H (8) + 7 = O (15) O (15) + 7 = 22 (V)

For the fourth letter, the pattern of subtraction follows the sequence 8, 4, 12 (where 12 is the sum of 8 and 4), which then repeats starting with 8: S (19) - 8 = K (11) K (11) - 4 = G (7) G (7) - 12 = -5 ≡ 21 (U) U (21) - 8 = 13 (M)

Combining the resulting letters L, O, V, and M gives the next term in the series.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern of increasing differences between consecutive numbers. Calculating the difference between successive terms: 22 - 1 = 21 44 - 22 = 22 67 - 44 = 23 91 - 67 = 24 The differences are consecutive integers starting from 21. Following this progression, the next difference is 24 + 1 = 25. Adding this value to the current last term gives 91 + 25 = 116.

Explanation

The logic governing the similar pairs is the relationship y = (x × 10) + 1, where x is the number on the left and y is the number on the right. For the pair 12 - 167, this rule is not satisfied because (12 × 10) + 1 = 121. Since the provided value 167 does not equal 121, this pair is the odd one out.

Explanation

Conclusion I follows by combining Statement 1 (No student is a teacher) and Statement 2 (All students are children). Since the entire set of students is contained within the set of children and is also entirely disjoint from the set of teachers, the portion of children who are students must not be teachers. In syllogistic logic, the combination of All S are C and No S is T results in the conclusion that Some C are not T. Conclusion II follows by combining Statement 3 (Some girls are students) and Statement 1 (No student is a teacher). Since there is a verified overlap between the set of girls and the set of students, and no member of the student set can be a teacher, those specific girls who are students are guaranteed not to be teachers. This satisfies the particular negative conclusion that some girls are not teachers. Conclusion III is not logically certain because the premises only provide information about the subset of girls who are students. We cannot determine the status of girls who are not students, so a universal negative conclusion like No girl is a teacher cannot be established.

Explanation

To determine the validity of the equation 72 ÷ 8 × 9 - 36 + 20 = 80 by interchanging the numbers 8 and 9 and the signs + and -, we substitute these values into the original expression.

The original equation is 72 ÷ 8 × 9 - 36 + 20 = 80.

After interchanging 8 and 9, and replacing - with + and + with -, the expression becomes: 72 ÷ 9 × 8 + 36 - 20 = 80

Applying the BODMAS rule (Brackets, Orders, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction):

First, perform the division: 72 ÷ 9 = 8 The equation now reads: 8 × 8 + 36 - 20 = 80

Next, perform the multiplication: 8 × 8 = 64 The equation now reads: 64 + 36 - 20 = 80

Then, perform the addition: 64 + 36 = 100 The equation now reads: 100 - 20 = 80

Finally, perform the subtraction: 100 - 20 = 80

Since 80 = 80, the left-hand side equals the right-hand side, confirming the correctness of the interchange.

Explanation

Based on the given symbols, we can decode the expression G % M # L @ P | C @ B step by step to establish the family relationship. G % M indicates that G is the wife of M, and M # L means M is the brother of L, which implies M and L are siblings. L @ P states that L is the daughter of P. Since M is L's brother, M is also the child of P.

The next part, P | C, tells us that P is the husband of C, which makes C the mother of L and M. Finally, C @ B indicates that C is the daughter of B. Since L is the daughter of C, and C is the daughter of B, L is the daughter's daughter of B. In family relations, the daughter of one's child is defined as a granddaughter. Therefore, L is the granddaughter of B.

Explanation

The series is formed by incrementing the alphabetical positions of the letters in each triplet by a constant value. Converting the letters to their numerical positions where A = 1 and Z = 26, the first letters follow a pattern of +6: 20 (T), 26 (Z), 6 (F), and 12 (L). Adding 6 to 12 results in 18, which corresponds to the letter R. The second letters follow a pattern of +2: 17 (Q), 19 (S), 21 (U), and 23 (W). Adding 2 to 23 results in 25, which corresponds to the letter Y. The third letters follow a pattern of +8: 20 (T), 2 (B), 10 (J), and 18 (R). Adding 8 to the position of R (18) results in 26, which corresponds to the letter Z. Combining these derived letters gives the term RYZ.

Explanation

In the given letter-clusters, the numerical positions of the letters in the English alphabet (A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26) follow a specific pattern for the group. In these clusters, the third letter is 7 positions ahead of the first letter, and the fourth letter is 5 positions ahead of the second letter.

For the clusters in the group: ANHS: A(1) + 7 = H(8) and N(14) + 5 = S(19) PYWD: P(16) + 7 = W(23) and Y(25) + 5 = 30 ≡ 4(D) JEQ: J(10) + 7 = Q(17) (This cluster follows the +7 pattern for the first and third letters)

JPRT does not follow this group's rule. The gap between the first letter J (10) and the third letter R (18) is 8 (10 + 8 = 18), and the gap between the second letter P (16) and the fourth letter T (20) is 4 (16 + 4 = 20). Furthermore, JPRT is the only cluster where every letter occupies an even-numbered position in the alphabet (10, 16, 18, 20), whereas the others include letters at odd positions.

Explanation

To determine if the equation in option d is correct, we apply the specified interchanges where the multiplication sign × is replaced by the addition sign + and vice versa, and the number 6 is replaced by the number 4 and vice versa.

The original equation is: 7 × 6 - 4 + 9 ÷ 3 = -7

Applying the interchanges (× ↔ +) and (6 ↔ 4), the expression becomes: 7 + 4 - 6 × 9 ÷ 3

Following the BODMAS rule, we first perform division: 9 ÷ 3 = 3 The expression simplifies to: 7 + 4 - 6 × 3

Next, we perform multiplication: 6 × 3 = 18 The expression simplifies to: 7 + 4 - 18

Finally, we perform addition and subtraction: 11 - 18 = -7

The calculated value of the left-hand side is -7, which matches the right-hand side of the equation.

Explanation

The signs in option c are sequentially replaced in the equation as 23 - 2 ÷ 2 × 5 = 18. Applying the BODMAS rule, which dictates the order of operations as Division, Multiplication, Addition, and Subtraction, the calculation proceeds as follows:

First, perform the division: 2 ÷ 2 = 1

The equation now becomes: 23 - 1 × 5 = 18

Next, perform the multiplication: 1 × 5 = 5

The equation now becomes: 23 - 5 = 18

Finally, perform the subtraction: 23 - 5 = 18 18 = 18

Since the left-hand side equals the right-hand side, the mathematical signs balance the equation correctly.

Explanation

The first statement establishes that the set of all pencils is contained within the set of pens (Pencil ⊆ Pen). The second statement indicates that there is at least one element common to the sets of pens and rubbers (Pen ∩ Rubber ≠ ∅). Conclusion I fails because there is no direct link established between rubber and pencil; the set of rubber could exist entirely independently of the set of pencils. Conclusion II is not necessarily true because in formal logic, the statement All pencil are pen allows for the possibility that the set of pencils and the set of pens are identical, so we cannot definitively conclude that some pens are not pencils. Conclusion III is invalid because the statement Some pen are rubber only guarantees that at least one rubber is a pen; it does not exclude the possibility that every single rubber is also a pen. Since none of the conclusions can be derived with absolute certainty from the given premises, none of them follow logically.

Explanation

The logic followed in the given sets is that the second number is twice the sum of the first and third numbers. This relationship can be expressed by the formula: (First Number + Third Number) × 2 = Second Number

Applying this to the first set (26, 120, 34): (26 + 34) × 2 = 60 × 2 = 120

Applying this to the second set (14, 110, 41): (14 + 41) × 2 = 55 × 2 = 110

In option b, which contains the set (36, 106, 17), the same pattern is observed: (36 + 17) × 2 = 53 × 2 = 106

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where each corresponding letter in the clusters increases by a fixed value of 3 in the English alphabetical order.

For the first letter of each cluster: F (6), I (9), and L (12). The common difference is 6 + 3 = 9 and 9 + 3 = 12. Therefore, the next first letter is 12 + 3 = 15, which corresponds to O.

For the second letter of each cluster: H (8), K (11), and N (14). The common difference is 8 + 3 = 11 and 11 + 3 = 14. Therefore, the next second letter is 14 + 3 = 17, which corresponds to Q.

For the third letter of each cluster: g/G (7), J (10), and M (13). The common difference is 7 + 3 = 10 and 10 + 3 = 13. Therefore, the next third letter is 13 + 3 = 16, which corresponds to P.

Combining these determined letters, the next cluster in the series is OQP.

Explanation

The coding logic follows a constant subtraction of 2 from the numerical position of each letter in the English alphabet. In the word LAPTOP, L (12) shifts to J (10), A (1) shifts to Y (25), P (16) shifts to N (14), T (20) shifts to R (18), O (15) shifts to M (13), and P (16) shifts to N (14). This same pattern of subtracting 2 is observed in COLD becoming AMJB.

Applying this -2 shift to each letter of the word SKETCHPEN: S (19) - 2 = 17 (Q) K (11) - 2 = 9 (I) E (5) - 2 = 3 (C) T (20) - 2 = 18 (R) C (3) - 2 = 1 (A) H (8) - 2 = 6 (F) P (16) - 2 = 14 (N) E (5) - 2 = 3 (C) N (14) - 2 = 12 (L)

Following these transformations, the word SKETCHPEN is coded as QICRAFNCL.

Explanation

The coding logic follows a two-step transformation for each letter. First, find the alphabetical opposite (reverse) of the letter, where the sum of the positions of the original letter and its opposite is 27. Second, shift the resulting letter forward by one position in the alphabetical order (+1).

For the word INNER: the opposite of I (9) is R (18), and adding 1 gives S (19). The opposite of N (14) is M (13), and adding 1 gives N (14). The opposite of E (5) is V (22), and adding 1 gives W (23). The opposite of R (18) is I (9), and adding 1 gives J (10). This yields the code SNNWJ.

Applying this pattern to the word GLASS: the opposite of G (7) is T (20), plus 1 is U (21). The opposite of L (12) is O (15), plus 1 is P (16). The opposite of A (1) is Z (26), plus 1 results in A (1) due to alphabetical wrap-around. The opposite of S (19) is H (8), plus 1 is I (9). This yields the code UPAII.

For the target word MODEL: the opposite of M (13) is N (14), plus 1 is O (15). The opposite of O (15) is L (12), plus 1 is M (13). The opposite of D (4) is W (23), plus 1 is X (24). The opposite of E (5) is V (22), plus 1 is W (23). Finally, the opposite of L (12) is O (15), plus 1 is P (16). Following these steps, the word is written as OMXWP.

Explanation

The logic followed in the given sets is that the second number is obtained by dividing the product of the first and third numbers by 4. This relationship can be expressed by the formula (n₁ × n₃)/(4) = n₂.

In the first set (8, 12, 6), substituting the values gives (8 × 6)/(4) = ⁴⁸⁄₄ = 12. In the second set (9, 18, 8), substituting the values gives (9 × 8)/(4) = ⁷²⁄₄ = 18.

Applying this same formula to the numbers in the set (12, 24, 8): (12 × 8)/(4) = ⁹⁶⁄₄ = 24

The result 24 matches the middle number of the set, establishing that it follows the same mathematical pattern as the example sets.

Explanation

The numerical logic for the groups requires the second number to be 10 less than the square of the first number, which can be expressed by the formula y = x² - 10. For the pair 5- 31, the calculation 5² - 10 results in 15. The presence of 31 instead of 15 makes this group the odd one out as it fails to follow the consistent mathematical pattern.

Explanation

The numerical series follows the pattern where each subsequent term is derived by the formula xₙ₊₁ = 2xₙ + 2. By applying this rule to the sequence, the terms are calculated as follows:

26 × 2 + 2 = 54 54 × 2 + 2 = 110 110 × 2 + 2 = 222 222 × 2 + 2 = 446 446 × 2 + 2 = 894

Alternatively, the series can be solved by observing the differences between consecutive terms. The differences are 28, 56, 112, 224, and 448. Each difference is exactly double the preceding one, following the pattern 28 × 2ⁿ. Adding the next difference in the sequence, which is 112 × 2 = 224, to the fourth term 222 gives 222 + 224 = 446. To verify, adding 224 × 2 = 448 to 446 results in the final term 894.

Explanation

The pattern observed in the given letter-clusters is the interchanging of adjacent letters in pairs. The first letter and the second letter swap their positions, and the third letter and the fourth letter swap their positions. For the cluster EACH, swapping the first two letters E and A gives AE, and swapping the last two letters C and H gives HC, forming AEHC. Similarly, for the cluster GAME, swapping G and A gives AG, and swapping M and E gives EM, forming AGEM. Following this rule for the cluster IDOL, swapping the first two letters I and D results in DI, and swapping the last two letters O and L results in LO, producing the sequence DILO.

Explanation

The words Acquired and Obtained are synonyms, as both refer to the act of coming into possession of something. Similarly, Miniature and Tiny are synonyms used to describe something that is very small in size or scale. Therefore, the pair maintains the same semantic relationship of synonymy established in the original pair.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in each pair follows a constant ratio of 5:8. In the first pair, 30:48 simplifies to 5:8 when divided by their greatest common divisor, 6. In the third pair, 45:72 simplifies to 5:8 when divided by 9. Following this pattern for the middle pair, the fourth number is calculated by maintaining the same ratio with 60. Using the formula y = (x × 8) / 5, where x is the first number, we substitute 60 to find the missing value: y = (60 × 8) / 5 = 12 × 8 = 96. Alternatively, each second number is derived by multiplying the first number by 1.6, and 60 × 1.6 = 96.