SSC CGL Tier 1 2019 General Awareness Questions with Solutions

Explanation

Iskander Mirza became the first President of Pakistan upon the promulgation of the Constitution of 1956, which transitioned the country from a British Dominion to an Islamic Republic. He was sworn into office on March 23, 1956, having previously served as the fourth and final Governor-General of Pakistan. His tenure as president lasted until October 1958, when the constitution was suspended following the declaration of martial law.

Explanation

A monopsony is a market structure characterized by the presence of only one buyer and many sellers. In this economic condition, the single buyer possesses significant market power, allowing them to influence the price of goods or services. Because sellers have no alternative outlets for their products, the buyer can effectively dictate terms and drive prices lower than they would be in a competitive market. This scenario frequently occurs in labor markets where a single large employer, such as a major corporation in a small town or a government entity purchasing specialized military equipment, acts as the sole purchaser of a specific type of labor or product from numerous competing suppliers.

Explanation

The vermiform appendix is a small, tube-like structure located at the junction of the small and large intestines. It is classified as a vestigial organ because it has lost the significant digestive function it served in human ancestors. In earlier herbivorous primates, the appendix was a much larger organ used to host bacteria that aided in the fermentation and breakdown of cellulose from a plant-heavy diet. As humans transitioned to a more varied and easily digestible diet, the evolutionary pressure to maintain a large, functional appendix decreased. Consequently, it shrunk in size and lost its primary role in digestion, though it continues to house some lymphoid tissue and serves as a reservoir for beneficial gut bacteria.

Explanation

The National People's Congress (NPC) of the People's Republic of China is the largest parliamentary body in the world. As of 2019, it comprised approximately 2,980 delegates who are elected for five-year terms. It functions as a unicameral legislature, representing the highest organ of state power under the Chinese constitution. While the full congress meets in plenary session once a year at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing to vote on major legislative items and appointments, its permanent body, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC), handles most legislative functions during the rest of the year. The sheer number of delegates makes it significantly larger than any other national legislature globally.

Explanation

Rigel, also designated as β Orionis, is the brightest star in the Orion constellation and the seventh-brightest star in the night sky. It is a blue-white supergiant with an apparent magnitude of approximately 0.13. Although it bears the Bayer designation beta, it is intrinsically and visually brighter than the constellation's alpha star, Betelgeuse, which is a variable star. Rigel is located at the south-western corner of Orion and is significantly more luminous than the Sun, emitting roughly 60,000 to 350,000 times as much energy depending on the spectral band measured.

Explanation

Vinegar is a liquid consisting mainly of water and ethanoic acid, which is also commonly known by its trivial name, acetic acid. It is produced through the two-step fermentation of carbohydrates, where ethanol is converted into ethanoic acid by the action of acetic acid bacteria such as Acetobacter. In standard commercial vinegar, the concentration of ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH) typically ranges from 4% to 8% by volume. This carboxylic acid is the primary active ingredient responsible for the characteristic sour taste, sharp odor, and preservative properties of vinegar.

Explanation

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a major archipelago situated in the Bay of Bengal, forming a union territory of India. These islands are located in the southeastern part of the bay and are geographically considered to be the elevated peaks of a submerged mountain range that extends from the Arakan Yoma in Myanmar. The archipelago comprises hundreds of islands and islets, traditionally divided into the Andaman group to the north and the Nicobar group to the south, separated by the Ten Degree Channel. This strategic location makes them a critical maritime frontier for India in the eastern Indian Ocean.

Explanation

Mahatma Gandhi founded the Natal Indian Congress on May 22, 1894, while he was living in South Africa. After arriving in the Colony of Natal in 1893, he experienced firsthand the racial prejudice and discriminatory laws directed at Indian immigrants. The organization was established to provide a unified political voice for the Indian community and to actively protest against legislation that sought to deprive Indians of their voting rights and social equality. This was Gandhi's first major organizational effort in his long career of political activism and non-violent resistance.

Explanation

A canyon is a deep, narrow valley with steep, cliff-like sides that is primarily formed through the long-term erosive action of a river. While fluvial erosion is the primary driver, the process is often accelerated by tectonic uplift, which increases the gradient and cutting force of the water. Over millions of years, additional factors such as weathering by wind and rain contribute to the widening and shaping of the canyon walls. These landforms typically occur in arid or semi-arid regions where the rate of downcutting by the river exceeds the rate of lateral weathering of the valley walls.

Explanation

The First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826) was concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Yandabo on February 24, 1826. This treaty was necessitated by the decisive victory of the British East India Company's forces, which had advanced to within 50 miles of the Burmese capital, Ava. Under the terms of this agreement, the Burmese King Bagyidaw surrendered the coastal provinces of Arakan and Tenasserim, and renounced all claims to the territories of Assam, Manipur, and the Jaintia and Cachar hills. Furthermore, the Burmese government was compelled to pay an indemnity of one million pounds sterling and accept a British Resident at the royal court in Ava, marking a significant expansion of British influence in Southeast Asia and the Northeastern frontier of India.

Explanation

Nirad C. Chaudhuri is the author of the travelogue A Passage to England, published in 1959. The book chronicles his first visit to the United Kingdom in 1955, which he undertook at the age of fifty-seven following an invitation from the British Council and the BBC. In this work, Chaudhuri offers a series of insightful essays comparing English social life, culture, and the natural environment with his experiences in India. He is well-known for his scholarly prose and his ability to analyze the cultural nuances of both Eastern and Western civilizations, a trait that is prominently displayed throughout this volume as he explores the character of the British people during the mid-twentieth century.

Explanation

Sourav Ganguly, the former captain of the Indian cricket team, authored his autobiography titled A Century is Not Enough: My Roller-coaster Ride to Success in 2018. Co-authored with journalist Gautam Bhattacharya, the book provides a detailed account of Ganguly's cricketing career, beginning from his debut at Lord's to the various challenges he faced, including his stint with the national team and the Indian Premier League. The memoir focuses on the mental grit required to succeed in international sports and offers insights into his leadership style that transformed the culture of Indian cricket during his captaincy.

Explanation

Karen Uhlenbeck, an American mathematician and professor at the University of Texas at Austin, was awarded the Abel Prize in 2019 by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. She received this honor for her pioneering contributions to geometric partial differential equations, gauge theory, and integrable systems, which significantly impacted the fields of analysis, geometry, and mathematical physics. This milestone marked the first time a woman had won the prize since its establishment in 2003. Her research on minimal surfaces and her foundational work on the Yang-Mills equations have been critical for the advancement of both modern mathematics and theoretical physics.

Explanation

The 1948 London Olympics marked the first time India competed as a sovereign nation following its independence in 1947. The Indian men's field hockey team, led by captain Kishan Lal, secured the gold medal by defeating Great Britain with a score of 4-0 in the final match held at Wembley Stadium. While India had previously won gold medals in 1928, 1932, and 1936 under British colonial rule, the 1948 victory is distinguished as the first Olympic gold medal won by Independent India, accompanied by the hoisting of the Indian tricolor and the playing of the national anthem.

Explanation

Silent Valley National Park is situated in the Palakkad district of Kerala, nestled within the Nilgiri Hills of the Western Ghats. Designated as a national park in 1984, it represents one of the last remaining tracts of undisturbed tropical moist evergreen forests in India. The park is a central component of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and is drained by the Kunthipuzha River, which flows through its entire length. It is globally recognized for its unique biodiversity, serving as a critical habitat for the endangered lion-tailed macaque. The area became a focal point of India's environmental history during the Save Silent Valley movement, which successfully halted a proposed hydroelectric project to protect the valley's fragile ecosystem.

Explanation

The Bangladesh Liberation War officially concluded on 16 December 1971 when the Eastern Command of the Pakistan Armed Forces signed the Instrument of Surrender. This event took place at the Ramna Race Course in Dhaka, where Lieutenant-General A. A. K. Niazi of the Pakistan Army surrendered to Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora, who represented the joint forces of the Indian Army and the Mukti Bahini. The surrender marked the end of the nine-month-long conflict and resulted in the liberation of East Pakistan and the creation of the independent sovereign state of Bangladesh. This day is commemorated annually as Vijay Diwas in India and Bijoy Dibosh in Bangladesh.

Explanation

The budget line, or budget constraint, represents all combinations of two commodities that a consumer can purchase by spending their entire money income at given market prices. Mathematically, it is represented by the equation Pₓ · X + P_y · Y = M, where Pₓ and P_y are the prices of the two goods, X and Y are the quantities consumed, and M is the consumer's total income. The slope of the budget line is defined as -Pₓ / P_y, which indicates the rate at which the consumer must sacrifice one good to obtain more of the other based on market prices. Any point on this line signifies that the consumer is utilizing their full budget, while the area under the line represents the feasible consumption set or the combinations that are affordable within the given income level.

Explanation

The relationship between the Marked Price (MP) and the Selling Price (SP) after successive discounts d₁% and d₂% is given by the formula SP = MP × (1 - (d₁)/(100)) × (1 - (d₂)/(100)).

Given SP = 528, d₁ = 20%, and d₂ = 12%, the equation is: 528 = MP × (1 - ²⁰⁄₁₀₀) × (1 - ¹²⁄₁₀₀) 528 = MP × ⁸⁰⁄₁₀₀ × ⁸⁸⁄₁₀₀ 528 = MP × ⅘ × ²²⁄₂₅ 528 = MP × ⁸⁸⁄₁₂₅

To solve for MP, rearrange the equation: MP = (528 × 125)/(88)

Dividing 528 by 88 gives 6. Therefore: MP = 6 × 125 = 750

The marked price of the article is ₹750.

Explanation

To find the average number of students studying in college D over the given five years, we sum the enrollment figures for each year and divide by the total number of years. The enrollment data for college D from 2010 to 2014 is 430, 450, 470, 420, and 480.

Sum of students = 430 + 450 + 470 + 420 + 480 = 2250

Number of years = 5

Average = ²²⁵⁰⁄₅ = 450

Explanation

The stoppage time per hour is calculated by determining how much time is lost due to the reduction in average speed. The formula for stoppage time per hour is: Stoppage time per hour = (Speed without stoppage - Speed with stoppage)/(Speed without stoppage) × 60 minutes

In one hour of travel, a train moving at 50 km/h without stops covers 50 km. However, with stops, it only covers 40 km. The 10 km difference (50 - 40 = 10 km) is the distance the train fails to cover because it was stationary. The time it would have taken to cover that 10 km at its normal speed of 50 km/h represents the total duration of the stops.

Stoppage time = (10 km)/(50 km/h) = ⅕ hours

To convert this into minutes: ⅕ × 60 = 12 minutes

Explanation

Let the efficiency of B be 100 units/day. Since A is 40% more efficient than B, A's efficiency is 140 units/day. Since C is 20% less efficient than B, C's efficiency is 80 units/day. The ratio of their efficiencies A : B : C is 140 : 100 : 80, which simplifies to 7 : 5 : 4.

The combined efficiency of A, B, and C working together is 7 + 5 + 4 = 16 units/day. Given they finish the work in 5 days, the total work is calculated as: Total Work = Combined Efficiency × Time = 16 × 5 = 80 units.

The target is to find the time A takes to complete 70% of this work. 70% of Total Work = 80 × 0.70 = 56 units.

Time taken by A alone = (Work)/(A's efficiency) = ⁵⁶⁄₇ = 8 days.

Explanation

Since AB is the diameter of the circle, the angle subtended by it at the circumference is a right angle, giving ∠ ACB = 90°. In △ ABC, the sum of internal angles is 180°, so ∠ ABC = 180° - (∠ ACB + ∠ BAC) = 180° - (90° + 40°) = 50°.

For ABCD to be a trapezium inscribed in a circle, the parallel sides must be AB ∥ CD, which makes it an isosceles trapezium. In a cyclic quadrilateral, opposite angles are supplementary, therefore ∠ ADC = 180° - ∠ ABC = 180° - 50° = 130°.

Due to the parallel lines AB ∥ CD, the alternate interior angles ∠ ACD and ∠ BAC are equal, so ∠ ACD = 40°. In △ ADC, the sum of angles is 180°, which leads to ∠ CAD = 180° - (∠ ADC + ∠ ACD) = 180° - (130° + 40°) = 10°.

Explanation

For similar triangles, the ratio of their areas is equal to the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides. Given triangle ABC is similar to triangle RQP, the side BC corresponds to the side QP. Using the ratio of areas 9:4, the side ratio is 3:2, so BC/QP = 3/2. Substituting BC = 6, we get 6/QP = 3/2, which gives QP = 4 cm.

Explanation

To find the percentage of students enrolled in college C in 2014, first calculate the total number of students enrolled in all five colleges for that year. Based on the table, the enrollments for 2014 are A = 420, B = 290, C = 340, D = 480, and E = 480.

Total students in 2014 = 420 + 290 + 340 + 480 + 480 = 2010.

The number of students in college C in 2014 is 340. The percentage is calculated using the formula:

Percentage = (Students in College C)/(Total Students) × 100

Percentage = ³⁴⁰⁄₂₀₁₀ × 100 = ³⁴⁰⁰⁄₂₀₁ ≈ 16.915%

Rounding to one decimal place, the percentage of students enrolled in college C in 2014 is 16.9%.

Explanation

The volume V of a sphere is determined by the formula V = ⁴⁄₃ π r³, which shows that the volume is directly proportional to the cube of the radius (V ∝ r³). When the radius is reduced by 40%, the new radius becomes 60% of the original radius, or 0.6r. To find the change in volume, we cube the factor of change in the radius: (0.6)³ = 0.216. This calculation indicates that the new volume is 21.6% of the original volume. The percentage decrease is the difference between the original volume and the new volume, calculated as (1 - 0.216) × 100, which equals 78.4%.

Explanation

To find the required ratio, first calculate the total number of students enrolled in colleges A and B in the year 2012. From the table, college A had 370 students and college B had 250 students in 2012. The total is 370 + 250 = 620.

Next, calculate the total number of students enrolled in colleges D and E in the year 2013. From the table, college D had 420 students and college E had 430 students in 2013. The total is 420 + 430 = 850.

The ratio of the total students in A and B (2012) to the total students in D and E (2013) is 620 : 850. Dividing both terms by their greatest common divisor, which is 10, the simplified ratio is 62 : 85.

Explanation

Expenditure is the product of price and consumption, expressed as E = P × C. When the price of an item changes and the expenditure is also adjusted, the new consumption can be determined by the ratio of the new expenditure to the new price.

Let the initial price be 100 and the initial consumption be 100 units. The initial expenditure is 100 × 100 = 10,000. According to the problem, the price increases by 20%, making the new price 120. The expenditure increases by 8%, making the new expenditure 10,000 × 1.08 = 10,800.

The new consumption Cₙₑ_w is calculated as: Cₙₑ_w = (New Expenditure)/(New Price) = (10,800)/(120) = 90 units

The decrease in consumption is the difference between the initial and new consumption: Decrease = 100 - 90 = 10 units

As a percentage of the initial consumption, this decrease is: ¹⁰⁄₁₀₀ × 100% = 10%

Alternatively, using the multiplier method where Mₑ = Mₚ × M_c, we have 1.08 = 1.20 × M_c. Solving for the consumption multiplier gives M_c = (1.08)/(1.20) = 0.9. A multiplier of 0.9 corresponds to a 10% reduction.

Explanation

The calculation follows the BODMAS rule, which prioritizes operations in the order of Brackets, Division and Multiplication (from left to right), and Addition and Subtraction (from left to right). First, solve the term inside the brackets: 3.2 ÷ 0.8 × 5 = 4 × 5 = 20. The expression becomes 4.5 - 20 + 3 × 4 ÷ 6. Next, evaluate the multiplication and division segment outside the brackets: 3 × 4 = 12 and 12 ÷ 6 = 2. Substituting these values gives 4.5 - 20 + 2. Combining the terms yields 4.5 + 2 - 20 = 6.5 - 20 = -13.5.

Explanation

According to the Tangent-Secant Theorem, for a tangent PT and a secant PAB drawn from an external point P to a circle, the square of the length of the tangent segment is equal to the product of the lengths of the entire secant segment and its external portion. The power of point P relative to the circle is constant, giving the formula PT² = PA × PB. Since PB = PA + AB, the equation becomes PT² = PA(PA + x).

Substituting the given values PT = 5 cm and PA = 4 cm: 5² = 4(4 + x) 25 = 16 + 4x 9 = 4x x = ⁹⁄₄ = 2.25

Explanation

The correct average can be calculated using the formula for the adjustment of the mean: Correct Average = Initial Average + (Net Change in Sum)/(Total Number of Students).

The net change in the sum is the difference between the sum of the correct marks and the sum of the incorrect marks. Sum of correct marks = 84 + 46 = 130 Sum of incorrect marks = 48 + 64 = 112 Net change = 130 - 112 = 18

The adjustment to the average is the net change divided by the total number of students: Adjustment = 18 / 40 = 9 / 20 = 0.45

Adding this adjustment to the initial average: Correct Average = 68 + 0.45 = 68.45

Explanation

The algebraic identity for the given expression is: a³ + b³ + c³ - 3abc = (a + b + c)((a + b + c)² - 3(ab + bc + ca))

Substitute the given values a + b + c = 13 and ab + bc + ca = 54 directly into this formula: a³ + b³ + c³ - 3abc = 13 × (13² - 3 × 54) a³ + b³ + c³ - 3abc = 13 × (169 - 162) a³ + b³ + c³ - 3abc = 13 × 7 a³ + b³ + c³ - 3abc = 91

This identity is derived from the standard form (a + b + c)(a² + b² + c² - ab - bc - ca) by replacing a² + b² + c² with (a + b + c)² - 2(ab + bc + ca), allowing for a direct calculation using only the provided sums.

Explanation

Given the ratio a : b = 3 : 2, we can substitute a = 3k and b = 2k into the required expression. Since the expression (5a + 2b) : (3a + 4b) is a ratio of linear combinations of a and b, the constant k will cancel out, allowing for the direct substitution of a = 3 and b = 2.

Substituting these values into the expression: (5a + 2b)/(3a + 4b) = (5(3) + 2(2))/(3(3) + 4(2))

Performing the arithmetic operations: Numerator: 5(3) + 2(2) = 15 + 4 = 19 Denominator: 3(3) + 4(2) = 9 + 8 = 17

The resulting ratio is 19 : 17.

Explanation

The cost price CP of an article when the selling price SP and profit or loss percentage are known is given by the formula CP = (SP × 100)/(100 ± percentage).

For the first article sold at an 8% gain, the cost price is: CP₁ = (9720 × 100)/(100 + 8) = ⁹⁷²⁰⁰⁰⁄₁₀₈ = 9000

For the second article sold at a 10% loss, the cost price is: CP₂ = (9720 × 100)/(100 - 10) = ⁹⁷²⁰⁰⁰⁄₉₀ = 10800

The total cost price for both articles is 9000 + 10800 = 19800. The total selling price for both articles is 9720 × 2 = 19440.

The overall gain or loss is calculated as Total SP - Total CP. Here, 19440 - 19800 = -360. The negative result indicates a loss of 360.

Explanation

For a period of 2 years, the difference between compound interest and simple interest is given by the formula D = P × (ʳ⁄₁₀₀)², where D is the difference, P is the principal amount, and r is the annual interest rate.

Substituting the given values D = 19.20, r = 8, and P = x:

19.20 = x × (⁸⁄₁₀₀)²

19.20 = x × ⁶⁴⁄₁₀₀₀₀

x = (19.20 × 10000)/(64)

x = ¹⁹²⁰⁰⁰⁄₆₄

x = 3000

By dividing 192 by 64, we obtain 3, which directly confirms the calculation 192000 / 64 = 3000.

Explanation

From the given table, the number of students enrolled in college E in the year 2013 is 430. The number of students enrolled in colleges B, C, and D in the year 2013 are 310, 370, and 420 respectively.

Total number of students in colleges B, C, and D together in 2013 = 310 + 370 + 420 = 1100.

The percentage is calculated as: Percentage = (Students in E in 2013)/(Total students in B, C, and D in 2013) × 100

Percentage = ⁴³⁰⁄₁₁₀₀ × 100 = ⁴³⁰⁄₁₁ ≈ 39.09%

Rounding to one decimal place, the value is 39.1%.

Explanation

In △ ABC, the median AD bisects the area of the triangle such that ar(△ ABD) = ½ ar(△ ABC). The point G divides the median AD in the ratio AG : GD = 2 : 1, which implies that GD is ⅓ of the total length of the segment AD. Since △ BDG and △ ABD share the same vertex B and their bases GD and AD lie on the same straight line, the ratio of their areas is equal to the ratio of their base lengths. Therefore, ar(△ BDG) = (GD)/(AD) × ar(△ ABD) = ⅓ × ½ ar(△ ABC) = ⅙ ar(△ ABC), which gives the ratio 1 : 6.

Explanation

A number is divisible by 44 if it satisfies the divisibility rules for both 4 and 11, since 44 = 4 × 11.

For the number 15x1y2 to be divisible by 4, the number formed by the last two digits y2 must be divisible by 4. This condition is satisfied when y ∈ {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}.

For the number to be divisible by 11, the difference between the sum of the digits at odd positions and the sum of the digits at even positions must be 0 or a multiple of 11. Sum of digits at odd positions (1st, 3rd, 5th) = 1 + x + y Sum of digits at even positions (2nd, 4th, 6th) = 5 + 1 + 2 = 8 Difference D = (1 + x + y) - 8 = x + y - 7

For divisibility by 11, x + y - 7 must be 0, 11, 22, … or -11, … If we set x + y - 7 = 0, we get x + y = 7. If we set x + y - 7 = 11, we get x + y = 18.

Since 7 is provided in the options, we check for consistency. If x + y = 7, we can have pairs like (x=6, y=1), (x=4, y=3), or (x=2, y=5). In all these cases, y is an odd digit, which ensures the last two digits y2 (12, 32, 52) are divisible by 4. Thus, x + y = 7 is the correct value.

Explanation

Mahatma Gandhi launched the Rowlatt Satyagraha in 1919 to protest against the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act, popularly known as the Rowlatt Act, which allowed the British government to imprison individuals without trial. Gandhi called for a nationwide hartal and designated 6th April 1919 as a day of non-violent resistance, fasting, and prayer. This date was observed as National Humiliation Day to signify the Indian people's collective opposition to the repressive law and their demand for its repeal. The observance marked a significant turning point in the Indian independence movement, leading to widespread mass mobilization against colonial rule.

Explanation

Acharya Vinoba Bhave was the first Indian to be honored with the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1958, which was the inaugural year of the prize. He was recognized in the Community Leadership category for his profound contribution to social reform and his leadership of the Bhoodan Movement, also known as the Land Gift Movement. This initiative sought to resolve land inequality through non-violent means by persuading wealthy landowners to voluntarily donate a portion of their holdings to the landless poor. His dedication to the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya, or the upliftment of all, and his extensive travels across India to promote rural self-sufficiency established him as a pioneer in community-driven social change.

Explanation

Sirimavo Bandaranaike became the world's first female prime minister when she took office in Ceylon (modern-day Sri Lanka) on July 21, 1960. She assumed leadership of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party following the assassination of her husband, Solomon Bandaranaike, in 1959. During her tenure, she oversaw the transition of the country from a British dominion to a republic in 1972. She served as prime minister for three separate terms, specifically from 1960 to 1965, 1970 to 1977, and finally from 1994 to 2000. Her landmark achievement paved the way for women in global politics, as she was the first woman to ever hold the position of head of government in any country in the modern era.

Explanation

The Khilafat Movement was a significant political protest launched by the Muslim community in British India to safeguard the status of the Ottoman Sultan. Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, the Allied Powers, led by Britain, imposed the Treaty of Sèvres, which significantly dismantled Turkish territories and stripped the Sultan of his powers. As the Sultan of Turkey was recognized as the Caliph or Khalifa—the spiritual and political head of the global Sunni Muslim community—his perceived humiliation was viewed as a direct injustice to Islam. The movement aimed to pressure the British government to preserve the territorial integrity of Turkey and maintain the Caliph's authority over Islamic holy places.

Explanation

The fourth King of Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, introduced the concept of Gross National Happiness in 1972. He coined the term shortly after his coronation to express his philosophy that sustainable development should take a holistic approach toward notions of progress and give equal importance to non-economic aspects of well-being. By prioritizing happiness over material wealth, he established a unique governance framework that measures the quality of life through spiritual, physical, social, and environmental health, famously asserting that Gross National Happiness is more important than Gross Domestic Product.

Explanation

Mother Teresa, born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu, was born on 26th August 1910 in Skopje, which is now the capital of North Macedonia. While she often considered 27th August—the day of her baptism—as her true birthday, official records confirm her birth took place on the 26th. She arrived in India in 1929 and eventually founded the Missionaries of Charity in 1950 to provide care for the destitute and dying in Calcutta. Her lifelong humanitarian work earned her the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 and canonization as Saint Teresa of Calcutta by the Catholic Church in 2016.

Explanation

In golf, a putt is a gentle stroke played on or near the putting green with the objective of rolling the ball into the cup. This specialized shot requires a specific club known as a putter, which has a flat face to ensure the ball stays on the ground rather than being lifted into the air. Putting is considered the most precise part of the game, as players must carefully read the break, grain, and speed of the grass to successfully complete a hole.

Explanation

Nepal transitioned to a federal structure following the promulgation of its new constitution on September 20, 2015. According to Schedule 4 of the Constitution of Nepal, the country was officially divided into 7 provinces. This administrative reorganization transformed Nepal from a unitary state into a federal democratic republic, aiming to decentralize power and ensure better representation across different regions. These provinces were initially designated by numbers, from Province No. 1 to Province No. 7, with the authority granted to each provincial assembly to determine its own permanent name and capital. This structure replaced the previous system of 5 development regions and 14 zones.

Explanation

The Port of Karachi is the largest and busiest seaport in Pakistan, handling approximately 60% of the nation's total cargo. Located between the Karachi towns of Kiamari and Saddar, it is a natural deep-water harbor that serves as the primary economic hub and maritime gateway for the country. It manages a diverse range of cargo including containers, liquid bulk, and dry bulk through its extensive berths. Since Pakistan's independence, the Port of Karachi has remained the backbone of its international trade due to its strategic location on the Arabian Sea and its well-established infrastructure for handling heavy commercial traffic.

Explanation

The adult human dentition consists of 32 teeth divided into four quadrants. According to the human dental formula (2.1.2.3)/(2.1.2.3), each quadrant contains one canine tooth. This results in two canines in the maxillary arch and two canines in the mandibular arch, totaling four. Located between the lateral incisors and the first premolars, canine teeth are the longest teeth in the human mouth and are specifically adapted for tearing and shredding food during mastication.

Explanation

Heena Sidhu reached the world number one ranking in the women's 10m Air Pistol category in April 2014, as per the rankings released by the International Shooting Sport Federation. Her ascent to the top spot followed a string of successful performances, most notably winning the gold medal at the ISSF World Cup Finals in Munich in late 2013 and securing a silver medal at the ISSF World Cup in Fort Benning, USA, in 2014. With these achievements, she became the first Indian pistol shooter to reach the pinnacle of the world rankings, solidifying her status as a premier international athlete in the sport of shooting during that period.

Explanation

Janku is a traditional Newari ritual celebrated in Nepal that honors the longevity and wisdom of an individual. It consists of a series of rites of passage performed when a person reaches specific age milestones, the first and most significant occurring when an individual reaches 77 years, 7 months, and 7 days. Subsequent ceremonies are held at further milestones such as 83, 88, 99, and 105 years. During these celebrations, the elder is revered as a living deity, often dressed in ceremonial robes and carried in a chariot or palanquin through the community. This cultural custom serves as a celebration of life, marking the transition of the elder into a more spiritual stage of existence while allowing the community and family to seek their blessings.

Explanation

Amnesty International withdrew its most prestigious human rights honor, the Ambassador of Conscience Award, from Aung San Suu Kyi in November 2018. The organization cited her failure to speak out against the Myanmar military's violent crackdown on the Rohingya Muslim minority, which led to a massive humanitarian crisis and the displacement of hundreds of thousands of people. Although she was originally named the recipient in 2009 for her non-violent struggle for democracy while under house arrest, Amnesty International concluded that her apparent indifference to atrocities and the increasing restrictions on freedom of expression in Myanmar meant she could no longer be considered a symbol of human rights.