SSC CGL Tier 1 2016 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

The logic followed in the analogy is a constant addition of +5 to the positional value of each letter in the English alphabet. In the first pair, the transformation from BDCE to GIHJ is as follows:

B(2) + 5 = G(7) D(4) + 5 = I(9) C(3) + 5 = H(8) E(5) + 5 = J(10)

Applying the same +5 shift to the sequence QSRT:

Q(17) + 5 = 22 → V S(19) + 5 = 24 → X R(18) + 5 = 23 → W T(20) + 5 = 25 → Y

The resulting letters form the sequence VXWY.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in the first pair follows the pattern x : 2x². For the number 9, the calculation is 2 × 9² = 2 × 81 = 162. Applying the same logic to the number 8, we square the number and multiply by 2, which gives 2 × 8² = 2 × 64 = 128.

Explanation

An apartment, a quarter, and a flat are all specific types of residential dwellings or accommodations designed for human habitation. In contrast, a garage is a structure or a section of a building used primarily for the storage or repair of motor vehicles and is not intended as a living space for people. This functional difference distinguishes it from the other three terms.

Explanation

In the letter cluster LMO, the positional values of the letters are L = 12, M = 13, and O = 15. The difference between the first and second letters is 13 - 12 = 1, and the difference between the second and third letters is 15 - 13 = 2. This +1, +2 progression is inconsistent with the uniform +2, +2 pattern followed by the other alternatives. Since LMO does not maintain a constant gap of two positions between all its consecutive letters, it is the odd choice in the set.

Explanation

The logic of the series is based on the difference between the two numbers in each pair. For three of the pairs, the difference is consistently 16, as seen in 21 - 5 = 16, 45 - 29 = 16, and 87 - 71 = 16. However, in the pair 48-68, the difference is 68 - 48 = 20. Because this pair has a difference of 20 instead of 16, it does not follow the pattern established by the other alternatives.

Explanation

To arrange the words in dictionary order, we compare them letter by letter from left to right. All four words begin with the prefix Diff. Comparing the fifth letter, Different has e while the other three have i. Since e precedes i in the alphabet, Different (3) comes first. Among the remaining words, we look at the sixth letter: Difficult has c while Diffidence and Diffident both have d. Since c precedes d, Difficult (2) is the second word in the sequence. Finally, comparing Diffidence and Diffident, the first eight letters Diffiden are identical. At the ninth letter, Diffidence has c and Diffident has t. As c precedes t, Diffidence (4) comes third, followed by Diffident (1). This establishes the alphabetical sequence as 3, 2, 4, 1.

Explanation

The series follows a consistent addition pattern for each corresponding position of the letters in the triplets.

For the first letter of each term, the sequence progresses by adding 6 to the alphabetical position: A(1) +6 G(7) +6 M(13). Adding 6 to 13 gives 19, which corresponds to the letter S.

For the second letter of each term, the sequence progresses by adding 7 to the alphabetical position: C(3) +7 J(10) +7 Q(17). Adding 7 to 17 gives 24, which corresponds to the letter X.

For the third letter of each term, the sequence progresses by adding 4 to the alphabetical position: E(5) +4 I(9) +4 M(13). Adding 4 to 13 gives 17, which corresponds to the letter Q.

Combining these results, the next term in the series is SXQ.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where the difference between consecutive terms increases by a constant value of 5. Calculating the differences between the given terms: 11 - 6 = 5 21 - 11 = 10 36 - 21 = 15 56 - 36 = 20

The sequence of differences is 5, 10, 15, 20, which is an arithmetic progression with a common difference of 5. To find the next term in the main series, the next difference must be 25 (20 + 5). Adding this difference to the last provided term: 56 + 25 = 81

Explanation

This problem is solved using the work-rate formula (M₁ T₁)/(W₁) = (M₂ T₂)/(W₂), where M represents the number of agents (cats), T represents the time taken in minutes, and W represents the total work performed (rats killed). In the first scenario, 4 cats (M₁) take 4 minutes (T₁) to kill 4 rats (W₁). In the second scenario, we have 8 cats (M₂) killing 8 rats (W₂), and we need to determine the time T₂.

Substituting the values into the formula:

(4 × 4)/(4) = (8 × T₂)/(8)

By simplifying the fractions on both sides, we get 4 = T₂. This result occurs because the rate of work for a single cat is constant. If 4 cats kill 4 rats in 4 minutes, it implies that each individual cat kills 1 rat every 4 minutes. When the number of cats and the number of rats both double, the cats are working in parallel, meaning each of the 8 cats is still killing its assigned rat within the same 4-minute duration.

Explanation

Let the three consecutive numbers be n - 1, n, and n + 1. The sum of these three numbers is (n - 1) + n + (n + 1) = 3n. Given that the sum is 15, we set up the equation 3n = 15, which simplifies to n = 5. The middle number in this sequence is n, so the middle number is 5. The square of the middle number is 5² = 25. A quicker method for an odd number of consecutive terms is to find the arithmetic mean by dividing the sum by the total number of terms. Here, 15 / 3 = 5 gives the middle term directly, and 5² = 25.

Explanation

The word ILLUSTRIOUS contains the letters I, L, L, U, S, T, R, I, O, U, and S. When counting the frequency of each letter, the letter T appears only once. The word Trust requires two instances of the letter T to be formed. Since there is only one T available in the original word, Trust cannot be constructed.

Explanation

The coding logic is based on the product of the numerical positions of the letters in the English alphabet, where A=1, B=2, C=3, and so on. For the word CAT, the positions of the letters are C=3, A=1, and T=20. The value is calculated as 3 × 1 × 20 = 60. Applying the same logic to the word MAN, the positions of the letters are M=13, A=1, and N=14. The required value is the product of these positions: 13 × 1 × 14 = 182.

Explanation

Substituting the given symbols with their respective mathematical operations, the expression 44Q9R12S6Q4P16 is rewritten as:

44 × 9 ÷ 12 - 6 × 4 + 16

Following the BODMAS rule, division and multiplication are prioritized. The calculation proceeds as follows:

44 × (9 / 12) - (6 × 4) + 16 44 × (3 / 4) - 24 + 16 33 - 24 + 16

Finally, performing the addition and subtraction:

9 + 16 = 25

Explanation

The logic of the equation follows a pattern where both numbers are divided by 2 and the resulting quotients are concatenated, with the second quotient placed first. For 84 + 96, the operations are 96 ÷ 2 = 48 and 84 ÷ 2 = 42, which combine to form 4842. Applying this rule to 36 + 78, the quotients are 78 ÷ 2 = 39 and 36 ÷ 2 = 18, which combine to form 3918.

Explanation

Let the starting point be the origin (0, 0) on a Cartesian plane where the positive y-axis represents North and the positive x-axis represents East. Rajesh walks 2 km South to (0, -2). He then turns North-East and walks 3 km. The North-East direction is at an angle of 45° from the axes, so the displacement is (3 cos 45°, 3 sin 45°) ≈ (2.12, 2.12), making his new position (2.12, 0.12).

Turning South for 2 km results in a displacement of (0, -2), moving him to (2.12, -1.88). He then turns West and walks 4 km, which is a displacement of (-4, 0), reaching (-1.88, -1.88). Finally, he walks 5 km North-West. The North-West direction is at an angle of 135° (or 45° North of West), so the displacement is (-5 cos 45°, 5 sin 45°) ≈ (-3.54, 3.54). His final position is (-1.88 - 3.54, -1.88 + 3.54), which simplifies to (-5.42, 1.66). Since the final x-coordinate is negative (West) and the final y-coordinate is positive (North), he is in the North-West direction relative to the starting point.

Explanation

The first statement establishes a direct correlation between quality and financial investment by stating that quality has a price tag. The second statement confirms that India is currently allocating significant funds toward the education sector. By combining these two premises, it can be logically inferred that the quality of education in India is expected to improve because the financial requirement for quality is being met. Conclusion II does not follow because the statement implies that funding is a necessary condition for quality, but it does not assert that funding is the only or sufficient condition required to ensure it.

Explanation

The relationship established in the first pair is between a subject and its scientific study. Cytology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of the structure and function of cells. Similarly, Ornithology is the scientific study of birds, which encompasses their physiology, classification, ecology, and behavior.

Explanation

The relationship between the terms is based on the concept of opposite letters in the English alphabet. Two letters are considered opposites if the sum of their numerical positions equals 27. In the first pair, DHLP is related to WSOK as follows: the position of D (4) and W (23) sum to 27, H (8) and S (19) sum to 27, L (12) and O (15) sum to 27, and P (16) and K (11) sum to 27.

To find the related letters for FJNR, we apply the same rule by subtracting each letter's position from 27. The position of F is 6, so its opposite is 27 - 6 = 21, which corresponds to U. The position of J is 10, so its opposite is 27 - 10 = 17, which corresponds to Q. The position of N is 14, so its opposite is 27 - 14 = 13, which corresponds to M. The position of R is 18, so its opposite is 27 - 18 = 9, which corresponds to I. Combining these results gives the sequence UQMI.

Explanation

The relationship follows the pattern n² + 1 using consecutive odd numbers as the base. In the first pair, 1² + 1 = 2 and 3² + 1 = 10, where 1 and 3 are the first two odd numbers. In the second pair, the first term is 5² + 1 = 26. Continuing the sequence of odd numbers (1, 3, 5, 7), the next term is calculated using the square of 7 plus 1. Therefore, 7² + 1 = 49 + 1 = 50.

Explanation

The letter groups in options b, c, and d follow a consistent mathematical pattern based on their alphabetical positions. In JML, J is 10, M is 13, and L is 12, giving a sequence of +3, -1. In PSR, P is 16, S is 19, and R is 18, also following the +3, -1 pattern. Similarly, in VYX, V is 22, Y is 25, and X is 24, adhering to the same +3, -1 logic. However, in EHJ, the alphabetical positions are E(5), H(8), and J(10). This results in a sequence of +3, +2, which deviates from the pattern shared by the other three alternatives.

Explanation

Tomcat is the odd one out because it refers to an adult male cat, whereas Baby, Fawn, and Cub all represent the young or infant stage of their respective species (humans, deer, and carnivorous mammals like lions or bears). Therefore, the primary classification is based on the life stage of the organism.

Explanation

The number 21 is a composite number because it has divisors other than 1 and itself, specifically 3 and 7 (3 × 7 = 21). It is the only value in the group that is not a prime number.

Explanation

To arrange the words in dictionary order, we compare them letter by letter from left to right. All five words begin with the prefix Pa. Examining the third letter, Pastern (5) and Pastor (2) contain the letter s, whereas Patriot (1), Patron (3), and Pattern (4) contain the letter t. Since s precedes t in the alphabet, we first order the words starting with Pas. Both Pastern and Pastor share the first four letters Past. Comparing their fifth letters, e in Pastern comes before o in Pastor, making the sequence 5 followed by 2.

Next, we arrange the words starting with Pat. Comparing the fourth letters, Patriot (1) and Patron (3) have r, while Pattern (4) has t. Because r comes before t, Patriot and Patron must appear before Pattern. To distinguish between Patriot and Patron, we look at their fifth letters; i in Patriot precedes o in Patron. Consequently, the correct alphabetical order is Patriot (1), then Patron (3), and finally Pattern (4). Combining these sequences results in the final dictionary order of 5, 2, 1, 3, 4.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where the first letter increases by one position (S, T, U, V, W) and the following two letters increase by two positions each (C-E-G-I-K and D-F-H-J-L). Following this logic, the missing term after UGH is VIJ.

Explanation

The numerical series follows an arithmetic progression where each term increases by a constant common difference. Subtracting the first term from the second gives 235 - 124 = 111. Similarly, 346 - 235 = 111 and 457 - 346 = 111. To find the missing term, add the common difference to the last given value: 457 + 111 = 568. This pattern is also evident by observing that each individual digit (hundreds, tens, and units) in the number increases by 1 in every successive term. Following this logic, the hundreds digit 4 becomes 5, the tens digit 5 becomes 6, and the units digit 7 becomes 8.

Explanation

G and C are siblings, and A is their parent as C is the daughter of A and G is the brother of C. F is the brother of A, which makes F the paternal or maternal uncle of A's children. Since G is the son of A, F is the uncle of G.

Explanation

The total number of students in a class is calculated using the formula N = (Rank from Top + Rank from Bottom) - 1. Jhansi is stated to be 4th from the top in the order of merit. To find her rank from the bottom, we use Prabha's position. Prabha is 15th from the last, and since Jhansi is 12 ranks ahead of her, Jhansi's position from the bottom is 15 + 12 = 27th.

By substituting Jhansi's ranks into the formula, we get N = 4 + 27 - 1 = 30. Alternatively, we can find the total using Prabha's ranks. Since Jhansi is 4th from the top and Prabha is 12 ranks behind her, Prabha's rank from the top is 4 + 12 = 16th. Using Prabha's position from the top and her 15th rank from the last, the total students are 16 + 15 - 1 = 30.

Explanation

The word ENVIRONMENT contains the letters E, N, V, I, R, O, M, and T, but it does not contain the letter U. Additionally, ENVIRONMENT only has one M, whereas the word MOMENTUM requires two instances of the letter M along with the letter U. Since these required characters are missing or insufficient in the source word, MOMENTUM cannot be formed.

Explanation

The coding logic involves reversing the order of the letters in the given word. In the first example, the word BASKET is written from the last letter to the first: the sixth letter T becomes the first, the fifth letter E becomes the second, the fourth letter K becomes the third, the third letter S becomes the fourth, the second letter A becomes the fifth, and the first letter B becomes the sixth, resulting in TEKSAB. Applying this same reversal pattern to the word PILLOW, the letters are rearranged in the sequence W-O-L-L-I-P.

Explanation

Following the logic of the mathematical operators provided in the question, the signs in the expression are replaced as follows: ÷ is substituted with + and × is substituted with ÷.

Original expression: 2 ÷ 6 × 6 ÷ 2

Substituting the operators based on the given rules: 2 + 6 ÷ 6 + 2

According to the BODMAS rule, division is performed before addition: 2 + (6 ÷ 6) + 2 2 + 1 + 2 = 5

Explanation

The logic used in the given equations involves rearranging the digits of the numbers being multiplied. In a sequence of three digits D₁ × D₂ × D₃, the resulting value is formed by placing the second digit first, the first digit second, and the third digit last, creating the number (D₂)(D₁)(D₃).

In the first example, 6 × 9 × 3 = 963, the second digit 9 moves to the first position, the first digit 6 moves to the second position, and the third digit 3 remains at the end. Similarly, for 4 × 8 × 5 = 845, the second digit 8 comes first, followed by the first digit 4, and finally the third digit 5.

Applying this pattern to 9 × 4 × 7, the second digit 4 is placed in the first position, the first digit 9 is placed in the second position, and the third digit 7 remains in the third position, resulting in 497.

Explanation

By representing Ashok's movement on a coordinate plane starting at (0, 0), we can track his position relative to the origin. Moving 8 km South places him at (0, -8). Turning West and walking 3 km moves him to (-3, -8). Turning North and walking 5 km changes his y-coordinate to -8 + 5, resulting in the position (-3, -3). Finally, turning East and walking 3 km changes his x-coordinate to -3 + 3, bringing his final position to (0, -3). Since his final x-coordinate is the same as the starting point and his y-coordinate is negative, he is located directly South of his starting point.

Explanation

In logical reasoning, a conclusion must be directly supported by or logically derived from the given statements without assuming external information. The provided statements are normative, expressing that Ahimsa should be a basic principle and that everyone should practice it. They do not provide any information regarding the current level of knowledge or understanding people have about Ahimsa, making Conclusion I an unsupported assumption. Similarly, while global harmony might be a desirable outcome of non-violence, the statements focus only on the obligation to practice the principle rather than its consequences or effects. Since the premises do not mention the results of practicing Ahimsa, Conclusion II cannot be logically inferred. Thus, the information provided is insufficient to validate either conclusion.

Explanation

The relationship in the analogy is based on a service and the specific term for the monetary payment made to avail of that service. Rent is the fixed amount of money paid at regular intervals for the use of an accommodation or property. Similarly, Fare is the specific term for the price or fee paid by a passenger for a journey, typically when traveling on public transport such as a bus, train, ship, or aircraft.

Explanation

The relationship between the first and second term is established by shifting each letter forward by one position in the English alphabetical order. Applying this logic to the first set: E + 1 = F, C + 1 = D, F + 1 = G, and G + 1 = H.

Following the same pattern for the second set, the letters of SQTU are incremented by one: S + 1 = T, Q + 1 = R, T + 1 = U, and U + 1 = V. This yields the sequence TRUV.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in the first pair follows the logic x : x⁵. In the given analogy, 3⁵ = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 243. Applying the same mathematical rule to the second pair, we calculate the fifth power of 5, which is 5⁵ = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 3125.

Explanation

Gallon is a unit of volume used to measure liquid capacity. It is the odd one out because it measures the physical space occupied by a substance, whereas the rest of the units are used to measure mass or weight. This distinction in physical dimensions makes the gallon distinct as it quantifies volume rather than the amount of matter.

Explanation

The alphabetical positions of the letters are D = 4, B = 2, and Z = 26. In a standard linear alphabet from 1 to 26, the middle letter of such a sequence should be the arithmetic mean of the first and last letters. Using the formula Middle = (First + Last)/(2), the calculation for the outer letters D (4) and Z (26) results in (4 + 26)/(2) = 15. This value corresponds to the letter O, whereas the middle letter in this set is B (2). This sequence is the odd one because it is non-monotonic, decreasing from 4 to 2 and then increasing to 26, which prevents the middle letter from being the numerical midpoint of the group in a standard linear progression.

Explanation

The number 64 is the odd one out because it is not divisible by 9 or 18. According to the divisibility rule for 9, the sum of the digits of 64 is 6 + 4 = 10, which is not a multiple of 9. In contrast, the other three numbers in the set are all multiples of 18 and have a digit sum of 9 (3+6, 5+4, and 1+0+8), confirming their divisibility by 9. While the other values share 18 as a common factor, 64 does not.

Explanation

To arrange words in dictionary order, we compare the letters of each word from left to right. All five words begin with the prefix Si. Comparing the third letters, we have Signal (g), Silver (l), Simple (m), and both Situation and Sitter (t). Following the alphabetical sequence, g comes first, then l, then m. This places 5 (Signal) first, 2 (Silver) second, and 4 (Simple) third.

To determine the order between Sitter and Situation, we compare their fourth letters. In Sitter, the fourth letter is t, while in Situation, the fourth letter is u. Since t precedes u in the alphabet, Sitter (3) comes before Situation (1). Arranging all the numbers in this sequence results in the order 5, 2, 4, 3, 1.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where each letter in a term is shifted backwards by 5 positions in the alphabet to find the corresponding letter in the next term.

For the first letter of each triplet: Z (26) - 5 = U (21) U (21) - 5 = P (16) P (16) - 5 = K (11)

For the second letter of each triplet: X (24) - 5 = S (19) S (19) - 5 = N (14) N (14) - 5 = I (9)

For the third letter of each triplet (consistent from the second term onwards): Q (17) - 5 = L (12) L (12) - 5 = G (7)

The resulting letters K, I, and G also maintain a consistent internal pattern seen in the previous two terms (USQ and PNL), where each letter is the 2nd letter preceding the one before it: K (11) - 2 = I (9) I (9) - 2 = G (7)

Explanation

The series is organized into groups of three numbers, where each group follows the mathematical pattern of n¹, n², n³ for a specific base n. The second group uses the base n = 4, resulting in 4¹ = 4, 4² = 16, 4³ = 64. The third group uses the base n = 5, resulting in 5¹ = 5, 5² = 25, 5³ = 125. Applying this established logic to the first group where the base is n = 3, the sequence must be 3¹ = 3, 3² = 9, 3³ = 27. In the given series, the value 10 occupies the position where 3² = 9 should be, identifying it as the incorrect term.

Explanation

A and B are brothers, establishing A as a male. The problem states that A's son is the brother of D, and since C and D are sisters, it follows that A's son, C, and D are all siblings sharing the same father, A. Consequently, A is the father of C. Given that B is the brother of A, B is the paternal uncle of C.

Explanation

The given conditions can be represented as inequalities to determine the relative ranking of the individuals. From the first statement, A scores more than B but less than C, which gives C > A > B. The second statement says D scores less than E but more than A, which gives E > D > A. The third statement specifies that C scores less than D, meaning D > C.

By combining these relationships, we see that E > D, D > C, and C > A > B. Sequencing these together results in the order E > D > C > A > B. In this sequence, E is at the top of the hierarchy, indicating that E obtained the highest marks.

Explanation

The word EXPORT cannot be formed from EXORBITANT because it requires the letter P, which is not present in the original word. EXORBITANT contains only the letters E, X, O, R, B, I, T, A, N, and T.

Explanation

The numerical value of each letter is assigned based on its position in the English alphabet, where A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, D = 4, and so on. In the first example, D = 4 corresponds directly to its alphabetical rank. For the word DESK, the sum of the positions of its individual letters is calculated as D(4) + E(5) + S(19) + K(11) = 39.

Following this logic for the word DRAW, we sum the positional values of its constituent letters: D is 4, R is 18, A is 1, and W is 23. The calculation is 4 + 18 + 1 + 23 = 46.

Explanation

The system used to solve these equations involves rearranging the individual digits of the two numbers being multiplied. If we represent the first number as XY and the second number as ZW, the resulting value is constructed by placing the digits in the specific sequence W, Y, X, Z.

In the first equation 15 × 26 = 6512, the digits are X=1, Y=5, Z=2, W=6. Placing them in the WYXZ order gives 6, 5, 1, 2, which is 6512.

In the second equation 29 × 36 = 6923, the digits are X=2, Y=9, Z=3, W=6. Following the WYXZ sequence results in 6, 9, 2, 3, which is 6923.

For the unsolved equation 46 × 54, the digits are X=4, Y=6, Z=5, W=4. Arranging these digits in the WYXZ pattern yields 4, 6, 4, 5, resulting in 4645.

Explanation

Rohan starts at an initial point, which can be represented on a coordinate plane as (0, 0). Walking 3 km North moves him to the point (0, 3). Turning left from North means heading West; walking 2 km in this direction places him at (-2, 3). Turning left again from West means heading South; walking 3 km South brings him to the point (-2, 0), which is on the same horizontal axis as the starting point. Finally, turning left from South means heading East; walking 3 km East from (-2, 0) moves his position to (1, 0). The distance from the starting point (0, 0) to the final position (1, 0) is calculated as √((1 - 0)² + (0 - 0)²), which equals 1 km.

Explanation

The first statement establishes that there is an overlap between the set of principals and the set of teachers. The second statement specifies that the entire set of teachers is contained within the set of students. Consequently, any individual who is both a principal and a teacher must also be a student. This logical chain guarantees that there is a non-empty intersection between the set of students and the set of principals. In syllogistic logic, the combination of a particular affirmative statement (Some P are T) and a universal affirmative statement (All T are S) yields a particular affirmative conclusion (Some P are S). The converse of this conclusion, some students are principals, is therefore definitely true and logically follows from the given premises.

Explanation

According to the given symbolic transformations, the operations are substituted as follows: ÷ becomes -, - becomes +, × becomes ÷, and + becomes ×. Substituting these into the expression in option d:

35 - 4 + 25 ÷ 5 × 5

Applying the BODMAS (Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction) rule:

First, perform the division: 25 ÷ 5 = 5 The expression becomes: 35 - 4 + 5 × 5

Next, perform the multiplication: 5 × 5 = 25 The expression becomes: 35 - 4 + 25

Finally, perform addition and subtraction: 35 + 25 - 4 = 60 - 4 = 56

The calculated value 56 matches the value on the right-hand side of the equation.