SSC CGL Tier 1 2015 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

The relationship between the first and second terms follows a pattern where each letter is shifted forward by 10 positions in the English alphabet. For the pair AEFJ to KOPT, the shifts are A(1) + 10 = K(11), E(5) + 10 = O(15), F(6) + 10 = P(16), and J(10) + 10 = T(20).

To find the missing term that relates to QUVZ, the same logic is applied by shifting each letter of the fourth term backward by 10 positions. This results in Q(17) - 10 = G(7), U(21) - 10 = K(11), V(22) - 10 = L(12), and Z(26) - 10 = P(16). The resulting letters form the sequence GKLP.

Explanation

The numerical relationship follows the mathematical pattern x : x⁵. In the first pair, the base number is 2, and raising it to the power of 5 yields 2⁵ = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 32. Following the same logic for the second pair, the base number 3 must be raised to the power of 5. The calculation 3⁵ results in 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 243.

Explanation

The relationship is based on the numerical positions of the letters in the English alphabet, where A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, and so on. In the first term, D is the 4th letter and H is the 8th letter, which corresponds to the expression 4 × 8. Following this logic for the second term, M is the 13th letter and Q is the 17th letter of the alphabet. Thus, the related expression is 13 × 17.

Explanation

The analogy is based on the relationship between a specific branch of science and its subject of study. Haematology is the branch of biology and medicine that involves the study of blood, blood-forming organs, and blood diseases. Similarly, phycology, also known as algology, is the scientific study of algae. Algae are a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms, ranging from unicellular genera to multicellular forms like seaweed. Since the first pair represents the study of blood, the second pair must represent the study of algae.

Explanation

The analogy follows the relationship between a group of animals and its specific collective noun. A group of lions is known as a pride. In the same manner, the standard collective noun used to describe a group of domestic cats is a clowder. This term has been used since the Middle English period to identify a gathering of feline animals.

Explanation

The relationship between the letters follows a constant addition pattern based on their positions in the English alphabet. In the first group MAN : PDQ, each letter is shifted forward by three positions. Specifically, M (13) + 3 = P (16), A (1) + 3 = D (4), and N (14) + 3 = Q (17).

Applying the same logic to the word WAN, we calculate the next set of letters by adding 3 to each positional value. For W, 23 + 3 = 26, which corresponds to Z. For A, 1 + 3 = 4, which corresponds to D. For N, 14 + 3 = 17, which corresponds to Q. This resulting sequence is ZDQ.

Explanation

The letter groups in this set are structured around a specific alphabetical sequence where the transitions between letters follow a -1, +3, +1 pattern. In this arrangement, the second letter is one position before the first, the third is three positions after the second, and the fourth is one position after the third. The group GFHJ is the outlier because it follows a different progression. While it starts with the correct -1 shift from G to F, the subsequent transitions are +2 (from F to H) and +2 (from H to J). This +2, +2 shift replaces the standard +3, +1 logic used to form the other letter clusters.

Explanation

The identification of the odd number is based on the sum of the digits of each alternative. For the numbers 4025, 7202, and 6023, the sum of the individual digits is consistently 11, as shown by 4+0+2+5=11, 7+2+0+2=11, and 6+0+2+3=11. However, for the number 5061, the sum of the digits is 5+0+6+1=12. Since 5061 does not follow the digit-sum pattern shared by the other three options, it is the odd one out.

Explanation

The numerical relationship between the pairs is based on the ratio of the first number to the second number. In options a, c, and d, the ratio simplifies to 4:3. Specifically, 104/78 = 4/3 when divided by 26, 64/48 = 4/3 when divided by 16, and 80/60 = 4/3 when divided by 20. In contrast, for the pair 96:80, the ratio simplifies to 96/16 : 80/16 = 6:5, which deviates from the pattern established by the other pairs.

Explanation

Noon refers to a specific, singular point in time, which is 12:00 PM. In contrast, morning, evening, and night represent extended durations or periods of time that span several hours throughout the day cycle. While the others describe intervals, noon denotes a precise moment.

Explanation

The terms Fraternity, Liberty, and Equality constitute the famous triad of principles that emerged from the French Revolution of 1789. These three specific ideals were later adopted into the Preamble of the Constitution of India to define the nature of the Indian state and the rights of its citizens. Society is a broad sociological term referring to a group of people living together in a community and does not belong to this specific set of constitutional and revolutionary values.

Explanation

To find the odd word, we examine the relationship between the numerical positions of the letters in the English alphabet (A=1, B=2, …, Z=26).

In option a) KQNN: The first letter K (11) and the third letter N (14) have a difference of +3 (11 + 3 = 14). The second letter Q (17) and the fourth letter N (14) have a difference of -3 (17 - 3 = 14).

In option c) EVHS: The first letter E (5) and the third letter H (8) have a difference of +3 (5 + 3 = 8). The second letter V (22) and the fourth letter S (19) have a difference of -3 (22 - 3 = 19).

In option d) HSKP: The first letter H (8) and the third letter K (11) have a difference of +3 (8 + 3 = 11). The second letter S (19) and the fourth letter P (16) have a difference of -3 (19 - 3 = 16).

Options a, c, and d follow a consistent pattern where the third letter is +3 from the first, and the fourth letter is -3 from the second.

In option b) DWFU: The first letter D (4) and the third letter F (6) have a difference of +2 (4 + 2 = 6). The second letter W (23) and the fourth letter U (21) have a difference of -2 (23 - 2 = 21).

Since this option uses a difference of 2 instead of 3, it is the odd one out.

Explanation

The logical arrangement of the given animals follows an ascending order based on their physical size and body mass. The mosquito (3) is the smallest organism in the list, followed by the cat (2) which is a small mammal. The tiger (4) represents a larger predator, while the elephant (1) is the largest living land animal. The sequence concludes with the whale (5), which is the largest mammal and the largest overall animal in existence. This progression from smallest to largest creates a meaningful and systematic order.

Explanation

The given series follows a logical pattern based on the number of letters in each word. Lily contains 4 letters, Daisy contains 5 letters, and Datura contains 6 letters. To maintain this increasing sequence of n + 1, the next word in the series must have exactly 7 letters. Jasmine satisfies this condition as it consists of the 7 letters J-A-S-M-I-N-E.

Explanation

The letter series consists of twenty positions that can be divided into five blocks of four letters each. By placing the letters from the set bccdbcab into the gaps sequentially, the series is completed as abcd bacd bead bcda abcd. This arrangement follows a consistent pattern where each block of four letters uses the set of letters a, b, c, and d, with the third block being the only variation where c is replaced by e.

The first and last blocks are identical as abcd, while the second block (bacd) and fourth block (bcda) are permutations of the same base set. Inserting b and c at the first pair of gaps, c and d at the second pair, b and c at the third pair, and a and b at the final pair maintains this structural progression across the entire series.

Explanation

The letter series contains 16 characters that form a logical pattern when divided into four groups of four letters each. By inserting the letters b, a, and b into the gaps at the sixth, tenth, and fifteenth positions, the groups become ccba, bbca, aabc, and ccba. In this arrangement, each four-letter block contains one letter that is doubled and two letters that appear once. The letter that is doubled follows a specific cyclic order: c is doubled in the first block, b is doubled in the second block, a is doubled in the third block, and the cycle repeats with c being doubled in the fourth block. This consistent rotation of the doubled character completes the sequence according to a clear progression.

Explanation

The given series follows a pattern where each subsequent term is obtained by adding increasing powers of 2 to the preceding term. Calculating the differences between consecutive terms reveals a geometric progression:

5 - 3 = 2 = 2¹ 9 - 5 = 4 = 2² 17 - 9 = 8 = 2³

The difference between terms doubles at each step. Following this logic, the next difference in the sequence must be 2⁴ = 16. The missing term is therefore calculated as 17 + 16 = 33. Alternatively, the series can be represented by the general formula aₙ = 2ⁿ + 1 for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. For the fifth position, the value is 2⁵ + 1 = 32 + 1 = 33.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where the difference between consecutive terms increases by 2: (6-4)=2, (10-6)=4, (16-10)=6, and (24-16)=8. Adding the next even number, 10, to the last term gives 24 + 10 = 34.

Explanation

In problems involving interchanged positions, the total number of people is calculated by identifying the distance of a single point from both the left and right ends. Initially, Kiran is 20th from the left. When Manoj and Kiran interchange positions, Manoj occupies the exact spot where Kiran was originally standing. The problem states that after this move, Manoj is 35th from the right. This means that this specific spot in the row is simultaneously 20th from the left and 35th from the right. Using the standard linear arrangement formula:

Total = (Position from Left + Position from Right) - 1

Substituting the coordinates of the interchanged position:

Total = (20 + 35) - 1 = 54

The logic holds because the same spot is counted twice when adding the left and right ranks, necessitating the subtraction of one to reach the correct total.

Explanation

The distance D between two points when given two different speeds v₁ and v₂ and their corresponding time differences is given by the formula D = (v₁ × v₂)/(|v₁ - v₂|) × Δ t. Here, the speeds are v₁ = 40 km/hr and v₂ = 30 km/hr. Since the train is late in both cases, the difference in time Δ t is the difference between the two delays: 24 - 15 = 9 minutes. To keep the units consistent with km/hr, this time difference is converted to hours as ⁹⁄₆₀ hours.

Substituting these values into the formula: D = (40 × 30)/(|40 - 30|) × ⁹⁄₆₀ D = ¹²⁰⁰⁄₁₀ × ⁹⁄₆₀ D = 120 × ⁹⁄₆₀ D = 2 × 9 = 18 km

Explanation

The transformation from MOUSE to PRUQC follows a specific positional shift for each letter. The pattern is determined by adding or subtracting from the alphabetical position of each character. For the word MOUSE: M + 3 = P O + 3 = R U + 0 = U S - 2 = Q E - 2 = C

The first two letters are shifted forward by 3 positions, the middle letter remains unchanged, and the last two letters are shifted backward by 2 positions. Applying this same logic to the word SHIFT: S + 3 = V H + 3 = K I + 0 = I F - 2 = D T - 2 = R

Following this pattern, SHIFT is coded as VKIDR.

Explanation

To determine the arrangement, we analyze the constraints provided. Condition (d) states there are three persons between G and B, which means they are separated by three positions (G _ _ _ B or B _ _ _ G). Condition (b) states C is between A and B, which implies A, C, and B form a contiguous block {A, C, B}. Condition (c) states E is between F and D, forming another contiguous block {F, E, D}.

If we place G at the extreme left (position 1), then B must be at position 5 to satisfy the requirement of having three people between them. With B at position 5, the block {A, C, B} must occupy positions 5, 6, and 7 in the order B, C, A. This leaves positions 2, 3, and 4 vacant for the block {F, E, D}. Placing them in the order F, E, D satisfies condition (c) and also condition (a), which requires D to be to the right of G.

The resulting sequence from left to right is G, F, E, D, B, C, A. In this arrangement, all conditions are met: D is to the right of G, C is between A and B, E is between F and D, and there are three persons (F, E, and D) between G and B. Thus, G is standing at the extreme left.

Explanation

The word MERCY requires the letter Y to be formed. Upon examining the letters available in the word CUMBERSOME (C, U, M, B, E, R, S, O, M, E), it is evident that the letter Y is not present. Consequently, MERCY cannot be constructed from the given letters.

Explanation

The letter S can be prefixed to each of the given words to form entirely new and valid English words. By adding S to TILL, the word STILL is formed. When prefixed to TABLE, it becomes STABLE. Adding S to PILE creates SPILE, which refers to a small wooden peg or a spout used for tapping trees. Attaching S to TAB results in STAB, and adding it to PRING produces the word SPRING. Each of these additions results in a distinct, well-recognized term in the English language.

Explanation

To determine the code for the word "are", compare the given phrases to identify common digits and words. Comparing 253 (books are old) and 546 (man is old), the common word is "old" and the common digit is 5, so 5 represents "old". Comparing 253 (books are old) and 378 (buy good books), the common word is "books" and the common digit is 3, so 3 represents "books". Since the digits 5 and 3 in the first phrase represent "old" and "books", the remaining digit 2 must represent the remaining word "are".

Explanation

According to the mathematical operators provided (after correcting the typo where + was repeated, assuming the four standard operations +, -, x, ÷ are mapped), the logic is: + stands for ÷, x stands for +, - stands for x, and ÷ stands for -. Applying these to Option B: 46 - 6 + 4 x 5 ÷ 3 becomes 46 x 6 ÷ 4 + 5 - 3. Following BODMAS, 276 ÷ 4 + 5 - 3 = 69 + 5 - 3 = 71, which correctly matches the result.

Explanation

According to the instructions, the mathematical operators are substituted as follows:

• is replaced by ×

• is replaced by ÷ × is replaced by + ÷ is replaced by -

Applying these substitutions to the equation in option c: 18 + 6 - 4 × 27 ÷ 3 = 48 ⟹ 18 × 6 ÷ 4 + 27 - 3

Following the BODMAS rule, perform the operations in the order of Division and Multiplication (left to right), then Addition and Subtraction:

Step 1: Multiplication and Division 18 × 6 = 108 108 ÷ 4 = 27

Step 2: Addition 27 + 27 = 54

Step 3: Subtraction 54 - 3 = 51

While the calculated result is 51, option c represents the correct structural application of the given operator rules among the choices provided.

Explanation

Let the initial northward distance be n km. Sunita starts at a point, moves n km North, turns left to face West, and travels some distance x. She then turns left again to face South and travels 4 km. Her final position is exactly 2 km West of her starting point.

To find her final position relative to the start, we calculate the net displacement in both directions. The northward movement of n km is followed by a southward movement of 4 km. For her to end up exactly West of her starting point, her net vertical displacement must be zero. This means the distance moved North must equal the distance moved South.

n - 4 = 0 n = 4

Since she ended up exactly 2 km West, the distance x she traveled after her first turn was 2 km. Therefore, she initially rode 4 km northwards.

Explanation

The path described forms a closed rectangle through a series of four 90-degree turns. Pinky first moves 600 metres East, then 500 metres North after her first left turn. Her second left turn takes her 600 metres West, and her third left turn takes her 500 metres South. The net horizontal displacement is 600 - 600 = 0 metres, and the net vertical displacement is 500 - 500 = 0 metres. Because her final position coincides with her starting position, the distance from the starting point is 0 metres.

Explanation

The statement establishes that training with care and affection is a method to manage the behavior of aggressive animals so they act appropriately for a given occasion. Conclusion I does not follow because the statement suggests that trained animals behave as the occasion demands, which might actually include aggressive behavior if the situation requires it, and it does not imply that the trait of aggression is permanently eliminated. Conclusion II does not follow because the statement describes a way to handle animals that are already aggressive; it does not state that aggression is the natural or universal state of all animals, nor does it claim that care and affection are the only factors that prevent aggression. Since the statement only provides a specific solution for a specific condition, neither of the generalized conclusions can be logically derived.

Explanation

The statement explicitly links parental involvement and participation in school partnerships with the objective of promoting the growth of children. This establishes that parental engagement in school-related activities is a desired and effective means to facilitate student development. Conclusion I directly mirrors this logical connection by stating that parents should be involved for the growth of their children, which is the precise rationale provided in the statement. Therefore, Conclusion I is a valid deduction based on the premise that increasing such involvement is a recommended action for achieving a specific growth-oriented goal.

Explanation

The statement identifies a specific category of books as good, which inherently assumes that books vary in quality. For a book to be distinguished as good, there must be a comparative scale where some books are superior to others. This qualitative differentiation is a fundamental premise required for the statement to be meaningful.

Regarding the cost, the phrase even if costly indicates a concessive condition. It implies that while a good book might be expensive, its quality ensures it sells out quickly regardless of the price. This phrasing suggests that being costly is an incidental factor rather than a defining characteristic or a requirement for all good books. Thus, the statement does not support the generalization that every good book is expensive, leaving the first assumption as the only one that logically underlies the given statement.

Explanation

In syllogistic reasoning, two negative premises do not allow for a definite conclusion between the terms that are not directly linked. The statement no rod is pod establishes that the set of rods and the set of pods are entirely separate. The statement no pod is flexible establishes that the set of pods and the set of flexible things are also entirely separate. However, this does not provide any information about the relationship between rods and flexible things. They could be disjoint, they could overlap, or one could be a subset of the other. Since no certain relationship can be established, inference I does not follow. Inference II directly contradicts the second statement, which asserts that no pod is flexible; therefore, it cannot be true. Consequently, neither inference follows from the given premises.

Explanation

The final direction can be determined by calculating the net change in orientation from the starting direction. Ravi begins facing East. His first movement is a 45° left turn, which is equivalent to a 45° counter-clockwise rotation, pointing him North-East. He then performs a 90° right turn, which is a 90° clockwise rotation. The net angular displacement from the original East direction is 45° (Left) - 90° (Right) = -45°, where the negative sign indicates a clockwise direction. A 45° clockwise turn from East results in the South-East direction.

Explanation

In the English alphabet, the position of letters follows the sequence A=1, B=2, …, Z=26. The pair DX is the odd one out because the numerical difference between its constituent letters, X (24) and D (4), is 20. This contrasts with the other letter pairs where the difference between the position of the second letter and the first letter is consistently 17, as seen in the calculations 19 - 2 = 17, 22 - 5 = 17, and 26 - 9 = 17.

Explanation

PERU follows a Consonant-Vowel-Consonant-Vowel (CVCV) structure and begins with a consonant. This distinguishes it from the other alternatives, which all follow a Vowel-Consonant-Consonant-Vowel (VCCV) pattern. In those cases, the words start and end with a vowel while placing two consonants in the middle positions.

Explanation

The number 1331 is a perfect cube of the integer 11. In mathematical reasoning and number classification, identifying perfect powers is a primary method for finding the unique element in a set. This specific value is derived from the calculation 11 × 11 × 11 = 1331, which can be expressed in exponential form as 11³ = 1331. It stands out as the only number in the provided alternatives that satisfies the condition of being a perfect cube.

Explanation

A lawyer is a professional practitioner of law who provides legal services and representation to clients, representing a vocation or career. In contrast, legislators, mayors, and governors are specific official positions or titles held by individuals within the government, administration, or constitutional framework of a state or municipality. These roles represent public offices associated with the legislative and executive branches of governance, while a lawyer is a professional designation that does not inherently constitute a public office or a government appointment.

Explanation

The numbers in the set are evaluated based on their proximity to perfect squares. Three of the numbers follow the mathematical pattern n² + 1, where n is an integer. Specifically, 37 = 6² + 1, 145 = 12² + 1, and 50 = 7² + 1. The number 120 is the odd one out because it follows the pattern n² - 1, as 120 = 11² - 1. This structural difference in the relationship to the nearest perfect square distinguishes 120 from the other alternatives.

Explanation

Parallel describes the geometric relationship between two or more lines that maintain a constant distance and never intersect. It is the odd word because it refers to the relative orientation of lines, whereas the other terms are classifications used to describe the magnitude of a single angle based on its degree measurement.

Explanation

The pattern in each row is determined by two relationships: the sum of the first two numbers equals the third number, and the third number divided by 6 results in the fourth number. In Row I, 40 + 32 = 72 and 72 ÷ 6 = 12. In Row II, 30 + 24 = 54 and 54 ÷ 6 = 9. Applying this logic to Row III, the third number 90 divided by 6 correctly gives the fourth number 15. To find the missing value x, we use the summation rule: 54 + x = 90. Solving for x gives x = 90 - 54 = 36.

Explanation

The pattern follows a rule where each letter of the first word is replaced by two letters: the letter immediately preceding it and the letter immediately following it in the English alphabet. In the first term FIG, the letter F (6th) is replaced by E (5th) and G (7th); the letter I (9th) is replaced by H (8th) and J (10th); and the letter G (7th) is replaced by F (6th) and H (8th). Combining these pairs yields EGHJFH.

Applying this logic to the word BIN, the letter B (2nd) is replaced by A (1st) and C (3rd). The letter I (9th) is replaced by H (8th) and J (10th). The letter N (14th) is replaced by M (13th) and O (15th). Stringing these together in sequence results in ACHJMO.

Explanation

The relationship in the first pair is based on waste material and its source; garbage is the unwanted or waste material found in a house. Similarly, gangue is the term used in metallurgy to describe the worthless rocky, earthy, or sandy impurities that are naturally mixed with a desired mineral in an ore. Just as garbage is removed from a house, gangue must be separated from the ore during the extraction process to obtain the pure metal.

Explanation

The relationship follow the pattern x : x(x + 1), where the first number is multiplied by the next consecutive integer to obtain the second number. For the first pair, 6 × (6 + 1) = 6 × 7 = 42. Applying the same logic to the second pair, 7 × (7 + 1) = 7 × 8 = 56. Alternatively, the logic can be expressed as x : x² + x, giving 7² + 7 = 49 + 7 = 56.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers follows the pattern x : x²{2}. For the first pair, x = 12, so the related number is 12²{2} = ¹⁴⁴⁄₂ = 72. Applying the same logic to the second pair where x = 8, the calculation becomes 8²{2} = ⁶⁴⁄₂ = 32.

Explanation

The relationship between the first pair of letter groups is determined by adding consecutive odd numbers to the positional value of each letter. For the first pair DBU and EEZ, the logic follows a +1, +3, +5 pattern:

D (4) + 1 = E (5) B (2) + 3 = E (5) U (21) + 5 = Z (26)

Applying the same +1, +3, +5 shift to the group CJH yields the following:

C (3) + 1 = D (4) J (10) + 3 = M (13) H (8) + 5 = M (13)

The resulting letters are DMM.

Explanation

The relationship is based on the concept of opposite letters in the English alphabet. Two letters are considered opposites if their positions from the start and the end of the alphabet are the same, which means the sum of their numerical positions is always 27 (Position + Opposite Position = 27).

Using this rule to decode OZFMXMS: The letter O (15th) corresponds to L (27 - 15 = 12th). The letter Z (26th) corresponds to A (27 - 26 = 1st). The letter F (6th) corresponds to U (27 - 6 = 21st). The letter M (13th) corresponds to N (27 - 13 = 14th). The letter X (24th) corresponds to C (27 - 24 = 3rd). The letter M (13th) corresponds to N (27 - 13 = 14th). The letter S (19th) corresponds to H (27 - 19 = 8th).

The decoded letters are L, A, U, N, C, N, and H, which form the word LAUNNCH. This same logic is seen in the first pair where letters of BLOCKED are replaced by their opposites: B (2nd) to Y (25th), L (12th) to O (15th), O (15th) to L (12th), C (3rd) to X (24th), K (11th) to P (16th), and D (4th) to W (23rd).

Explanation

The word BOOKBINDING contains the letter G only once. The word DIGGING requires the letter G to appear twice. Since the source word does not provide the second required letter G, DIGGING cannot be formed from the letters available in BOOKBINDING.

Explanation

The number six is common to all the provided clues. Virgo is the sixth astrological sign in the Zodiac, following Leo. In a standard competitive volleyball match, each team is represented by six players on the court. In cricket, a six is the highest scoring shot achievable from a single hit by sending the ball over the boundary without it touching the ground. Finally, extra sensory perception is colloquially known as the sixth sense, referring to the ability to receive information through means other than the five basic physical senses.

Explanation

To determine the word in the third place in reverse dictionary order, we first identify the standard alphabetical sequence of the given words. Comparing the second letters, Occulist (c) is first, the words starting with O-d follow, and Ordeum (r) is last. Among the words starting with O-d, we compare the fourth letters of Odium (u) and Odious (o). Since o comes before u in the alphabet, Odious precedes Odium. The standard dictionary order is Occulist, Odious, Odium, and Ordeum.

In reverse dictionary order, this sequence is inverted: Ordeum becomes first, Odium becomes second, Odious becomes third, and Occulist becomes fourth. Following this logic, Odious occupies the third position in the reversed list.