Rearrange the following statements in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions given below.
(A) The advisory further stated that all students and teachers at the schools must obey the guidelines to contain the spread.
(B) Meanwhile, parents have demanded that schools return to the hybrid model of classes with an option to attend classes online.
(C) Among other things, it sought separate entry and exit to the school premises and staggered timings and entries in the events of fairs.
(D) The spurt in viral cases over the past few days has prompted the district health department to issue an advisory to schools.
(E) It has triggered demands for thermal scanning, physical separation, and the wearing of masks on school premises.
Which of the following will be the FIFTH sentence after Rearrangement?
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Answer: (A) B
Explanation
Sentence B forms the logical conclusion of the paragraph as it highlights the reaction of parents who demanded a return to the hybrid model of classes following the health department's advisory and guidelines.
52English Language
Rearrange the following statements in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions given below.
(A) The advisory further stated that all students and teachers at the schools must obey the guidelines to contain the spread.
(B) Meanwhile, parents have demanded that schools return to the hybrid model of classes with an option to attend classes online.
(C) Among other things, it sought separate entry and exit to the school premises and staggered timings and entries in the events of fairs.
(D) The spurt in viral cases over the past few days has prompted the district health department to issue an advisory to schools.
(E) It has triggered demands for thermal scanning, physical separation, and the wearing of masks on school premises.
Which of the following will be the FIRST sentence after Rearrangement?
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (C) D
Explanation
Sentence D functions as the independent opening statement that introduces the primary event, which is the sudden rise in viral cases prompting the district health department to issue an advisory to schools.
53English Language
Rearrange the following statements in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions given below.
(A) The advisory further stated that all students and teachers at the schools must obey the guidelines to contain the spread.
(B) Meanwhile, parents have demanded that schools return to the hybrid model of classes with an option to attend classes online.
(C) Among other things, it sought separate entry and exit to the school premises and staggered timings and entries in the events of fairs.
(D) The spurt in viral cases over the past few days has prompted the district health department to issue an advisory to schools.
(E) It has triggered demands for thermal scanning, physical separation, and the wearing of masks on school premises.
Which of the following will be the correct sequence of the given statements to form a coherent paragraph?
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (C) DEACB
Explanation
The paragraph begins with D introducing the spurt in cases and the issuance of an advisory. Sentence E describes the immediate measures triggered by this situation. Sentences A and C elaborate on the specific guidelines and directives contained within the advisory. Finally, sentence B presents the response from parents who requested a hybrid model of learning.
54English Language
In each question, three sentences are given corresponding to a single word. Choose the sentence(s) that has/have the correct usage.
Commute
(A) Inflation has struck a commute to the plans of shifting to a bigger house.
(B) The daily commute from home to the office has become a costly affair nowadays.
(C) He said universities need to be commute for discussion and the exchange of ideas.
● Correct
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Answer: (B) Only (B)
Explanation
The term "commute" functions as a noun in sentence (B), where it correctly denotes the daily journey made between one's home and place of work.
55English Language
In each question, three sentences are given corresponding to a single word. Choose the sentence(s) that has/have the correct usage.
Linger
(A) Despite the fact that Nalanda University's library burned for months, its thoughts linger on even now.
(B) Every region of India shares a common cultural heritage, and it is this linger that connects us.
(C) Fruits, which were regular food items a few months ago, are now being cut down to linger the monthly budget.
● Correct
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Answer: (A) Only (A)
Explanation
In sentence (A), "linger" is appropriately used as a verb meaning to remain present or slow to disappear, describing how the university's intellectual influence persists over time despite the destruction of its physical library.
56English Language
In each question, three sentences are given corresponding to a single word. Choose the sentence(s) that has/have the correct usage.
Soaring
(A) For the past several months, the price of LPG cylinders in India has been soaring exponentially.
(B) The bird flew across the sky, soaring higher and higher until we couldn't see it anymore.
(C) Delhi University should work towards soaring courses on emerging areas like blockchain.
● Correct
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Answer: (D) Only (A) and (B)
Explanation
In sentence (A), "soaring" correctly describes prices increasing rapidly to high levels. In sentence (B), it accurately describes a bird flying high into the sky. Both uses conform to standard English usage.
57English Language
In each of the questions given below, a statement has been given with a word omitted. Following the statement, five words have been given and one of the given words will fit in the blank. Choose the most appropriate word to make the statement contextually correct and grammatically meaningful.
The government is planning to ______ billions of dollars for new military equipment and capabilities.
● Correct
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Answer: (C) allocate
Explanation
The verb "allocate" means to distribute or set apart monetary resources for a designated purpose, which completes the infinitive construction "to allocate" and fits the context of government budgeting for military equipment.
58English Language
In each of the questions given below, a statement has been given with a word omitted. Following the statement, five words have been given and one of the given words will fit in the blank. Choose the most appropriate word to make the statement contextually correct and grammatically meaningful.
During the examination, the students are ______ to remain in their allotted rooms.
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Answer: (A) directed
Explanation
The participle "directed" means instructed or commanded, forming the passive structure "are directed to remain" which accurately expresses official exam regulations.
59English Language
In the questions given below two sentences are given which are grammatically correct and meaningful. Connect them with the word given below the statements in the best possible way without changing the intended meaning. Choose your answer accordingly from the options which form a correct and coherent sentence.
(I) She was not satisfied with her board marks
(II) getting the first rank in her state
● Correct
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Answer: (E) even after
Explanation
The prepositional phrase "even after" functions as a temporal and concessive connector that links the clause expressing dissatisfaction with the participle clause regarding achieving first rank in the state.
60English Language
In the questions given below two sentences are given which are grammatically correct and meaningful. Connect them with the word given below the statements in the best possible way without changing the intended meaning. Choose your answer accordingly from the options which form a correct and coherent sentence.
(I) China has imposed a Covid-19 lockdown
(II) only a few cases having been reported in the last month
● Correct
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Answer: (C) despite
Explanation
The preposition "despite" correctly precedes the participial clause "only a few cases having been reported in the last month" to express concession, indicating an action taken contrary to what would be expected given the circumstances.
61English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them, while answering some of the questions.
The Fed has raised its benchmark interest rate again by a whopping 0.75% . The Reserve Bank of India has also been forced to raise interest rates further but also take other steps. These decisions in the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting are based on what the members of the MPC see as the likely course of the economy in the months ahead. But, the trajectory of the world economy, and its likely impact on the Indian economy, is imponderable. So, Indian policymakers would face two crucial problems. First, the main uncertainty is due to Russia's war on Ukraine and the resultant economic sanctions on Russia, as well as the zero- COVID- 19 policy in China that repeatedly implements lockdowns leading to global supply bottlenecks. Second, policy has to base itself on data. If it is deficient, it introduces additional uncertainty, making projections for the future difficult and causing policies to fail. This will the problem that results from the global uncertainty.
Since early 2020, the SARS- COV- 2 virus has caused global uncertainty. Waves of COVID- 19 have curtailed human activity with a consequent loss of production. Different countries have implemented lockdowns of varying severity leading to supply bottlenecks. In a globalised interdependent world, production was hit resulting in price rise (inflation) and loss of real incomes. This has resulted in decline in demand and, in a vicious cycle, a further slowing down of the economy. Predicting these declines has been difficult because forecasting when another wave would strike and how much disruption would occur has been difficult. As prices have risen globally and economies slowed down, many countries have faced stagflation. The uncertainty due to the novel coronavirus has declined in spite of waves of attack persisting because the impact of new virus mutants of the virus is milder and there is also immunity due to vaccination. Countries are not implementing lockdowns so vigorously now, in turn reducing adverse economic impact.
However, China is an exception with its zero- COVID policy. It has been implementing strict lockdowns in the last six months, even when only a few cases of the disease have been detected. Since China is now the manufacturing hub of the world, any disruption impacts supply globally and causes bottlenecks to persist. There is another issue now. Monkeypox virus has suddenly emerged and spread rapidly in the last few months to more than 80 countries where it is not endemic. The World Health Organization seems to be confident that this threat can be dealt with more easily than COVID- 19. Yet, there is heightened concern and uncertainty.
Which of the following international event(s) affect(s) the decision-making of Indian policymakers?
● Correct
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Answer: (D) Both (a) and (b)
Explanation
The first paragraph specifies two major international drivers of uncertainty facing Indian policymakers: Russia's invasion of Ukraine resulting in economic sanctions, and China's zero-COVID-19 policy leading to repeated lockdowns and global supply bottlenecks.
62English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them, while answering some of the questions.
The Fed has raised its benchmark interest rate again by a whopping 0.75% . The Reserve Bank of India has also been forced to raise interest rates further but also take other steps. These decisions in the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting are based on what the members of the MPC see as the likely course of the economy in the months ahead. But, the trajectory of the world economy, and its likely impact on the Indian economy, is imponderable. So, Indian policymakers would face two crucial problems. First, the main uncertainty is due to Russia's war on Ukraine and the resultant economic sanctions on Russia, as well as the zero- COVID- 19 policy in China that repeatedly implements lockdowns leading to global supply bottlenecks. Second, policy has to base itself on data. If it is deficient, it introduces additional uncertainty, making projections for the future difficult and causing policies to fail. This will the problem that results from the global uncertainty.
Since early 2020, the SARS- COV- 2 virus has caused global uncertainty. Waves of COVID- 19 have curtailed human activity with a consequent loss of production. Different countries have implemented lockdowns of varying severity leading to supply bottlenecks. In a globalised interdependent world, production was hit resulting in price rise (inflation) and loss of real incomes. This has resulted in decline in demand and, in a vicious cycle, a further slowing down of the economy. Predicting these declines has been difficult because forecasting when another wave would strike and how much disruption would occur has been difficult. As prices have risen globally and economies slowed down, many countries have faced stagflation. The uncertainty due to the novel coronavirus has declined in spite of waves of attack persisting because the impact of new virus mutants of the virus is milder and there is also immunity due to vaccination. Countries are not implementing lockdowns so vigorously now, in turn reducing adverse economic impact.
However, China is an exception with its zero- COVID policy. It has been implementing strict lockdowns in the last six months, even when only a few cases of the disease have been detected. Since China is now the manufacturing hub of the world, any disruption impacts supply globally and causes bottlenecks to persist. There is another issue now. Monkeypox virus has suddenly emerged and spread rapidly in the last few months to more than 80 countries where it is not endemic. The World Health Organization seems to be confident that this threat can be dealt with more easily than COVID- 19. Yet, there is heightened concern and uncertainty.
Which of the following options doesn't mention the impact of Covid-19 as given in the passage?
● Correct
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Answer: (D) Shortage of medical staff as well as medical infrastructure
Explanation
The passage details economic impacts such as supply bottlenecks caused by lockdowns, price inflation accompanied by real income decline, and loss of production stemming from curtailed human activity. It does not contain any reference to medical infrastructure or healthcare personnel shortages.
63English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them, while answering some of the questions.
The Fed has raised its benchmark interest rate again by a whopping 0.75% . The Reserve Bank of India has also been forced to raise interest rates further but also take other steps. These decisions in the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting are based on what the members of the MPC see as the likely course of the economy in the months ahead. But, the trajectory of the world economy, and its likely impact on the Indian economy, is imponderable. So, Indian policymakers would face two crucial problems. First, the main uncertainty is due to Russia's war on Ukraine and the resultant economic sanctions on Russia, as well as the zero- COVID- 19 policy in China that repeatedly implements lockdowns leading to global supply bottlenecks. Second, policy has to base itself on data. If it is deficient, it introduces additional uncertainty, making projections for the future difficult and causing policies to fail. This will the problem that results from the global uncertainty.
Since early 2020, the SARS- COV- 2 virus has caused global uncertainty. Waves of COVID- 19 have curtailed human activity with a consequent loss of production. Different countries have implemented lockdowns of varying severity leading to supply bottlenecks. In a globalised interdependent world, production was hit resulting in price rise (inflation) and loss of real incomes. This has resulted in decline in demand and, in a vicious cycle, a further slowing down of the economy. Predicting these declines has been difficult because forecasting when another wave would strike and how much disruption would occur has been difficult. As prices have risen globally and economies slowed down, many countries have faced stagflation. The uncertainty due to the novel coronavirus has declined in spite of waves of attack persisting because the impact of new virus mutants of the virus is milder and there is also immunity due to vaccination. Countries are not implementing lockdowns so vigorously now, in turn reducing adverse economic impact.
However, China is an exception with its zero- COVID policy. It has been implementing strict lockdowns in the last six months, even when only a few cases of the disease have been detected. Since China is now the manufacturing hub of the world, any disruption impacts supply globally and causes bottlenecks to persist. There is another issue now. Monkeypox virus has suddenly emerged and spread rapidly in the last few months to more than 80 countries where it is not endemic. The World Health Organization seems to be confident that this threat can be dealt with more easily than COVID- 19. Yet, there is heightened concern and uncertainty.
Why has anticipating a decline in demand been difficult since early 2020?
● Correct
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Answer: (C) because of the unpredictable nature of Covid-19 waves and the disruptions happen due to them
Explanation
According to the second paragraph, forecasting demand contraction proved challenging because predicting when subsequent infection waves would hit and assessing the extent of disruption caused by each wave was intrinsically unpredictable.
64English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them, while answering some of the questions.
The Fed has raised its benchmark interest rate again by a whopping 0.75% . The Reserve Bank of India has also been forced to raise interest rates further but also take other steps. These decisions in the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting are based on what the members of the MPC see as the likely course of the economy in the months ahead. But, the trajectory of the world economy, and its likely impact on the Indian economy, is imponderable. So, Indian policymakers would face two crucial problems. First, the main uncertainty is due to Russia's war on Ukraine and the resultant economic sanctions on Russia, as well as the zero- COVID- 19 policy in China that repeatedly implements lockdowns leading to global supply bottlenecks. Second, policy has to base itself on data. If it is deficient, it introduces additional uncertainty, making projections for the future difficult and causing policies to fail. This will the problem that results from the global uncertainty.
Since early 2020, the SARS- COV- 2 virus has caused global uncertainty. Waves of COVID- 19 have curtailed human activity with a consequent loss of production. Different countries have implemented lockdowns of varying severity leading to supply bottlenecks. In a globalised interdependent world, production was hit resulting in price rise (inflation) and loss of real incomes. This has resulted in decline in demand and, in a vicious cycle, a further slowing down of the economy. Predicting these declines has been difficult because forecasting when another wave would strike and how much disruption would occur has been difficult. As prices have risen globally and economies slowed down, many countries have faced stagflation. The uncertainty due to the novel coronavirus has declined in spite of waves of attack persisting because the impact of new virus mutants of the virus is milder and there is also immunity due to vaccination. Countries are not implementing lockdowns so vigorously now, in turn reducing adverse economic impact.
However, China is an exception with its zero- COVID policy. It has been implementing strict lockdowns in the last six months, even when only a few cases of the disease have been detected. Since China is now the manufacturing hub of the world, any disruption impacts supply globally and causes bottlenecks to persist. There is another issue now. Monkeypox virus has suddenly emerged and spread rapidly in the last few months to more than 80 countries where it is not endemic. The World Health Organization seems to be confident that this threat can be dealt with more easily than COVID- 19. Yet, there is heightened concern and uncertainty.
According to the passage, a country face stagflation when......
● Correct
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Answer: (D) there is high prices with slow economic growth
Explanation
The text notes that stagflation occurs when rising prices, representing inflation, coincide with a deceleration in economic growth.
65English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them, while answering some of the questions.
The Fed has raised its benchmark interest rate again by a whopping 0.75% . The Reserve Bank of India has also been forced to raise interest rates further but also take other steps. These decisions in the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting are based on what the members of the MPC see as the likely course of the economy in the months ahead. But, the trajectory of the world economy, and its likely impact on the Indian economy, is imponderable. So, Indian policymakers would face two crucial problems. First, the main uncertainty is due to Russia's war on Ukraine and the resultant economic sanctions on Russia, as well as the zero- COVID- 19 policy in China that repeatedly implements lockdowns leading to global supply bottlenecks. Second, policy has to base itself on data. If it is deficient, it introduces additional uncertainty, making projections for the future difficult and causing policies to fail. This will the problem that results from the global uncertainty.
Since early 2020, the SARS- COV- 2 virus has caused global uncertainty. Waves of COVID- 19 have curtailed human activity with a consequent loss of production. Different countries have implemented lockdowns of varying severity leading to supply bottlenecks. In a globalised interdependent world, production was hit resulting in price rise (inflation) and loss of real incomes. This has resulted in decline in demand and, in a vicious cycle, a further slowing down of the economy. Predicting these declines has been difficult because forecasting when another wave would strike and how much disruption would occur has been difficult. As prices have risen globally and economies slowed down, many countries have faced stagflation. The uncertainty due to the novel coronavirus has declined in spite of waves of attack persisting because the impact of new virus mutants of the virus is milder and there is also immunity due to vaccination. Countries are not implementing lockdowns so vigorously now, in turn reducing adverse economic impact.
However, China is an exception with its zero- COVID policy. It has been implementing strict lockdowns in the last six months, even when only a few cases of the disease have been detected. Since China is now the manufacturing hub of the world, any disruption impacts supply globally and causes bottlenecks to persist. There is another issue now. Monkeypox virus has suddenly emerged and spread rapidly in the last few months to more than 80 countries where it is not endemic. The World Health Organization seems to be confident that this threat can be dealt with more easily than COVID- 19. Yet, there is heightened concern and uncertainty.
Which is/are the reason(s) for the negligible impact of new variants of COVID-19 on demand?
● Correct
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Answer: (D) Only (a) and (b)
Explanation
The second paragraph explains that uncertainty from newer coronavirus waves declined because the mutant strains are milder in impact and populations have acquired immunity through vaccination.
66English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them, while answering some of the questions.
The Fed has raised its benchmark interest rate again by a whopping 0.75% . The Reserve Bank of India has also been forced to raise interest rates further but also take other steps. These decisions in the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting are based on what the members of the MPC see as the likely course of the economy in the months ahead. But, the trajectory of the world economy, and its likely impact on the Indian economy, is imponderable. So, Indian policymakers would face two crucial problems. First, the main uncertainty is due to Russia's war on Ukraine and the resultant economic sanctions on Russia, as well as the zero- COVID- 19 policy in China that repeatedly implements lockdowns leading to global supply bottlenecks. Second, policy has to base itself on data. If it is deficient, it introduces additional uncertainty, making projections for the future difficult and causing policies to fail. This will the problem that results from the global uncertainty.
Since early 2020, the SARS- COV- 2 virus has caused global uncertainty. Waves of COVID- 19 have curtailed human activity with a consequent loss of production. Different countries have implemented lockdowns of varying severity leading to supply bottlenecks. In a globalised interdependent world, production was hit resulting in price rise (inflation) and loss of real incomes. This has resulted in decline in demand and, in a vicious cycle, a further slowing down of the economy. Predicting these declines has been difficult because forecasting when another wave would strike and how much disruption would occur has been difficult. As prices have risen globally and economies slowed down, many countries have faced stagflation. The uncertainty due to the novel coronavirus has declined in spite of waves of attack persisting because the impact of new virus mutants of the virus is milder and there is also immunity due to vaccination. Countries are not implementing lockdowns so vigorously now, in turn reducing adverse economic impact.
However, China is an exception with its zero- COVID policy. It has been implementing strict lockdowns in the last six months, even when only a few cases of the disease have been detected. Since China is now the manufacturing hub of the world, any disruption impacts supply globally and causes bottlenecks to persist. There is another issue now. Monkeypox virus has suddenly emerged and spread rapidly in the last few months to more than 80 countries where it is not endemic. The World Health Organization seems to be confident that this threat can be dealt with more easily than COVID- 19. Yet, there is heightened concern and uncertainty.
What makes China a key part of the global supply chain?
● Correct
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Answer: (A) China being the manufacturing hub of the world, its rigid Covid 19 policies paralyses the global supply chain.
Explanation
China serves as the primary manufacturing hub globally. Consequently, any lockdown or operational disruption within its borders ripples through global trade networks, causing persistent supply bottlenecks.
67English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them, while answering some of the questions.
The Fed has raised its benchmark interest rate again by a whopping 0.75% . The Reserve Bank of India has also been forced to raise interest rates further but also take other steps. These decisions in the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting are based on what the members of the MPC see as the likely course of the economy in the months ahead. But, the trajectory of the world economy, and its likely impact on the Indian economy, is imponderable. So, Indian policymakers would face two crucial problems. First, the main uncertainty is due to Russia's war on Ukraine and the resultant economic sanctions on Russia, as well as the zero- COVID- 19 policy in China that repeatedly implements lockdowns leading to global supply bottlenecks. Second, policy has to base itself on data. If it is deficient, it introduces additional uncertainty, making projections for the future difficult and causing policies to fail. This will the problem that results from the global uncertainty.
Since early 2020, the SARS- COV- 2 virus has caused global uncertainty. Waves of COVID- 19 have curtailed human activity with a consequent loss of production. Different countries have implemented lockdowns of varying severity leading to supply bottlenecks. In a globalised interdependent world, production was hit resulting in price rise (inflation) and loss of real incomes. This has resulted in decline in demand and, in a vicious cycle, a further slowing down of the economy. Predicting these declines has been difficult because forecasting when another wave would strike and how much disruption would occur has been difficult. As prices have risen globally and economies slowed down, many countries have faced stagflation. The uncertainty due to the novel coronavirus has declined in spite of waves of attack persisting because the impact of new virus mutants of the virus is milder and there is also immunity due to vaccination. Countries are not implementing lockdowns so vigorously now, in turn reducing adverse economic impact.
However, China is an exception with its zero- COVID policy. It has been implementing strict lockdowns in the last six months, even when only a few cases of the disease have been detected. Since China is now the manufacturing hub of the world, any disruption impacts supply globally and causes bottlenecks to persist. There is another issue now. Monkeypox virus has suddenly emerged and spread rapidly in the last few months to more than 80 countries where it is not endemic. The World Health Organization seems to be confident that this threat can be dealt with more easily than COVID- 19. Yet, there is heightened concern and uncertainty.
Which of the following statements is/are True with reference to the information given in the passage?
(i) Countries are mitigating adverse economic impacts by easing lockdown restrictions.
(ii) Unavailability or scarcity of data may result in the failure of policies
(iii) WHO is assuring the world that Monkeypox is not as fatal as COVID-19 was.
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (A) Only (i)
Explanation
According to the passage, countries are currently not enforcing lockdowns as vigorously, which serves to reduce adverse economic impacts. This directly validates that countries are mitigating economic fallout by easing lockdown restrictions. Regarding the threat of Monkeypox, the text mentions that the World Health Organization is confident the situation can be managed more easily than COVID-19, but it makes no claim regarding its relative fatality rate. Therefore, only statement (i) is a true representation of the provided text.
68English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them, while answering some of the questions.
The Fed has raised its benchmark interest rate again by a whopping 0.75% . The Reserve Bank of India has also been forced to raise interest rates further but also take other steps. These decisions in the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting are based on what the members of the MPC see as the likely course of the economy in the months ahead. But, the trajectory of the world economy, and its likely impact on the Indian economy, is imponderable. So, Indian policymakers would face two crucial problems. First, the main uncertainty is due to Russia's war on Ukraine and the resultant economic sanctions on Russia, as well as the zero- COVID- 19 policy in China that repeatedly implements lockdowns leading to global supply bottlenecks. Second, policy has to base itself on data. If it is deficient, it introduces additional uncertainty, making projections for the future difficult and causing policies to fail. This will the problem that results from the global uncertainty.
Since early 2020, the SARS- COV- 2 virus has caused global uncertainty. Waves of COVID- 19 have curtailed human activity with a consequent loss of production. Different countries have implemented lockdowns of varying severity leading to supply bottlenecks. In a globalised interdependent world, production was hit resulting in price rise (inflation) and loss of real incomes. This has resulted in decline in demand and, in a vicious cycle, a further slowing down of the economy. Predicting these declines has been difficult because forecasting when another wave would strike and how much disruption would occur has been difficult. As prices have risen globally and economies slowed down, many countries have faced stagflation. The uncertainty due to the novel coronavirus has declined in spite of waves of attack persisting because the impact of new virus mutants of the virus is milder and there is also immunity due to vaccination. Countries are not implementing lockdowns so vigorously now, in turn reducing adverse economic impact.
However, China is an exception with its zero- COVID policy. It has been implementing strict lockdowns in the last six months, even when only a few cases of the disease have been detected. Since China is now the manufacturing hub of the world, any disruption impacts supply globally and causes bottlenecks to persist. There is another issue now. Monkeypox virus has suddenly emerged and spread rapidly in the last few months to more than 80 countries where it is not endemic. The World Health Organization seems to be confident that this threat can be dealt with more easily than COVID- 19. Yet, there is heightened concern and uncertainty.
Which of the following can be used to fill the blank given in the passage in order to make a grammatically correct and contextually meaningful sentence?
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (B) compound
Explanation
In the sentence describing the negative consequences of deficient data, the verb compound correctly indicates that inaccurate data will exacerbate or aggravate the problems arising from global economic uncertainty.
69English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them, while answering some of the questions.
The Fed has raised its benchmark interest rate again by a whopping 0.75% . The Reserve Bank of India has also been forced to raise interest rates further but also take other steps. These decisions in the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting are based on what the members of the MPC see as the likely course of the economy in the months ahead. But, the trajectory of the world economy, and its likely impact on the Indian economy, is imponderable. So, Indian policymakers would face two crucial problems. First, the main uncertainty is due to Russia's war on Ukraine and the resultant economic sanctions on Russia, as well as the zero- COVID- 19 policy in China that repeatedly implements lockdowns leading to global supply bottlenecks. Second, policy has to base itself on data. If it is deficient, it introduces additional uncertainty, making projections for the future difficult and causing policies to fail. This will the problem that results from the global uncertainty.
Since early 2020, the SARS- COV- 2 virus has caused global uncertainty. Waves of COVID- 19 have curtailed human activity with a consequent loss of production. Different countries have implemented lockdowns of varying severity leading to supply bottlenecks. In a globalised interdependent world, production was hit resulting in price rise (inflation) and loss of real incomes. This has resulted in decline in demand and, in a vicious cycle, a further slowing down of the economy. Predicting these declines has been difficult because forecasting when another wave would strike and how much disruption would occur has been difficult. As prices have risen globally and economies slowed down, many countries have faced stagflation. The uncertainty due to the novel coronavirus has declined in spite of waves of attack persisting because the impact of new virus mutants of the virus is milder and there is also immunity due to vaccination. Countries are not implementing lockdowns so vigorously now, in turn reducing adverse economic impact.
However, China is an exception with its zero- COVID policy. It has been implementing strict lockdowns in the last six months, even when only a few cases of the disease have been detected. Since China is now the manufacturing hub of the world, any disruption impacts supply globally and causes bottlenecks to persist. There is another issue now. Monkeypox virus has suddenly emerged and spread rapidly in the last few months to more than 80 countries where it is not endemic. The World Health Organization seems to be confident that this threat can be dealt with more easily than COVID- 19. Yet, there is heightened concern and uncertainty.
Which of the following is a synonym of 'Forecasting' given in the passage?
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Answer: (A) prophesying
Explanation
Forecasting refers to predicting or estimating future events or trends. Prophesying similarly means predicting future outcomes, making it the appropriate synonym in this context.
70English Language
There are certain words missing in the passage given below. The options given contain an answer that will fit in those given blanks. Choose the correct word to be used to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct.
Climate change is one of the cardinal new securities challenges in the 21st- century world; thus, its mitigation as well as adaptation requires (10) efforts from the international community comprising nation states. Nations across the world showed their strong (11) to address the issue of climate change through the Paris Agreement of 2015 for the post- 2020 period. It has been a well- framed international legal framework under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Paris Agreement (12) a bottom- up structure known as the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to address the (13) of climate change. The NDCs are, thus, the (14) of the Paris Agreement and for the achievement of long- term climate goals. They embody efforts by each party to reduce national emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. Further, the agreement aimed to balance (15) climate emission sources and sinks. In particular, Article 5 of the agreement highlights the role of forests in combatting climate change.
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Answer: (B) concerted
Explanation
'Concerted' (jointly arranged, coordinated) is the only option that fits 'concerted efforts from the international community'.
71English Language
There are certain words missing in the passage given below. The options given contain an answer that will fit in those given blanks. Choose the correct word to be used to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct.
Climate change is one of the cardinal new securities challenges in the 21st-century world; thus, its mitigation as well as adaptation requires ______ (10) efforts from the international community comprising nation states. Nations across the world showed their strong ______ (11) to address the issue of climate change through the Paris Agreement of 2015 for the post-2020 period. It has been a well- framed international legal framework under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Paris Agreement ______ (12) a bottom-up structure known as the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to address the ______ (13) of climate change. The NDCs are, thus, the ______ (14) of the Paris Agreement and for the achievement of long- term climate goals. They embody efforts by each party to reduce national emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. Further, the agreement aimed to balance ______ (15) climate emission sources and sinks. In particular, Article 5 of the agreement highlights the role of forests in combating climate change.
This question refers to blank (11) in the passage above.
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Answer: (D) commitment
Explanation
In English grammar, the noun commitment collocates with the preposition to when indicating a pledge or obligation to undertake an action, perfectly matching the context of nations pledging to address climate change through an international agreement.
72English Language
There are certain words missing in the passage given below. The options given contain an answer that will fit in those given blanks. Choose the correct word to be used to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct.
Climate change is one of the cardinal new securities challenges in the 21st-century world; thus, its mitigation as well as adaptation requires ______ (10) efforts from the international community comprising nation states. Nations across the world showed their strong ______ (11) to address the issue of climate change through the Paris Agreement of 2015 for the post-2020 period. It has been a well- framed international legal framework under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Paris Agreement ______ (12) a bottom-up structure known as the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to address the ______ (13) of climate change. The NDCs are, thus, the ______ (14) of the Paris Agreement and for the achievement of long- term climate goals. They embody efforts by each party to reduce national emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. Further, the agreement aimed to balance ______ (15) climate emission sources and sinks. In particular, Article 5 of the agreement highlights the role of forests in combating climate change.
This question refers to blank (12) in the passage above.
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Answer: (E) adopted
Explanation
In legal and policy contexts, international agreements adopt structures, frameworks, or mechanisms. The Paris Agreement formally introduced and took up the bottom-up framework of Nationally Determined Contributions.
73English Language
There are certain words missing in the passage given below. The options given contain an answer that will fit in those given blanks. Choose the correct word to be used to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct.
Climate change is one of the cardinal new securities challenges in the 21st-century world; thus, its mitigation as well as adaptation requires ______ (10) efforts from the international community comprising nation states. Nations across the world showed their strong ______ (11) to address the issue of climate change through the Paris Agreement of 2015 for the post-2020 period. It has been a well- framed international legal framework under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Paris Agreement ______ (12) a bottom-up structure known as the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to address the ______ (13) of climate change. The NDCs are, thus, the ______ (14) of the Paris Agreement and for the achievement of long- term climate goals. They embody efforts by each party to reduce national emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. Further, the agreement aimed to balance ______ (15) climate emission sources and sinks. In particular, Article 5 of the agreement highlights the role of forests in combatting climate change.
This question refers to blank (13) in the passage above.
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Answer: (A) tragedy
Explanation
The sentence requires a noun following the definite article to describe the severe global crisis and catastrophic impacts brought about by climate change. Contextually, climate change is framed as a grave environmental disaster or global crisis, often referred to as the tragedy of climate change. The noun tragedy accurately conveys this calamitous nature, fitting both grammatically and logically into the phrase to address the tragedy of climate change.
74English Language
There are certain words missing in the passage given below. The options given contain an answer that will fit in those given blanks. Choose the correct word to be used to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct.
Climate change is one of the cardinal new securities challenges in the 21st- century world; thus, its mitigation as well as adaptation requires ______ (10) efforts from the international community comprising nation states. Nations across the world showed their strong ______ (11) to address the issue of climate change through the Paris Agreement of 2015 for the post-2020 period. It has been a well- framed international legal framework under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Paris Agreement ______ (12) a bottom- up structure known as the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to address the ______ (13) of climate change. The NDCs are, thus, the ______ (14) of the Paris Agreement and for the achievement of long- term climate goals. They embody efforts by each party to reduce national emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. Further, the agreement aimed to balance ______ (15) climate emission sources and sinks. In particular, Article 5 of the agreement highlights the role of forests in combatting climate change.
This question refers to blank (14) in the passage above.
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Answer: (A) crux
Explanation
The word crux signifies the decisive or central point of an issue. Within the framework of the Paris Agreement, Nationally Determined Contributions form the fundamental core mechanism around which emission reduction targets and long-term goals are structured.
75English Language
There are certain words missing in the passage given below. The options given contain an answer that will fit in those given blanks. Choose the correct word to be used to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct.
Climate change is one of the cardinal new securities challenges in the 21st- century world; thus, its mitigation as well as adaptation requires ______ (10) efforts from the international community comprising nation states. Nations across the world showed their strong ______ (11) to address the issue of climate change through the Paris Agreement of 2015 for the post-2020 period. It has been a well- framed international legal framework under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Paris Agreement ______ (12) a bottom- up structure known as the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to address the ______ (13) of climate change. The NDCs are, thus, the ______ (14) of the Paris Agreement and for the achievement of long- term climate goals. They embody efforts by each party to reduce national emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. Further, the agreement aimed to balance ______ (15) climate emission sources and sinks. In particular, Article 5 of the agreement highlights the role of forests in combatting climate change.
This question refers to blank (15) in the passage above.
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Answer: (D) anthropogenic
Explanation
In climate science and United Nations treaties, anthropogenic describes environmental pollution, emissions, and ecological changes generated by human activities, distinguishing them from natural ecological cycles.
76English Language
Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is 'No error', the answer is 'E'). (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)
Both Rose as well as (A) / Jack are going to (B) / start their startups (C) / in recent months (D) / No Error (E)
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Answer: (A) A
Explanation
Correlative conjunctions require precise pairing in English grammar. The word both always pairs with and to form the structure both ... and. Replacing and with as well as creates a grammatical error in part A.
77English Language
Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is 'No error', the answer is 'E'). (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)
The reason he is (A) / not talking to anyone (B) / is because he is (C) / emotionally disturbed today (D) / No Error (E)
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Answer: (C) C
Explanation
The phrase the reason is already implies causality. Following it with because creates redundancy. Correct formal English structure requires using that instead of because, making part C grammatically incorrect.
78English Language
Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is 'No error', the answer is 'E'). (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)
Simla and their surrounding (A) / areas experienced the (B) / heaviest snowfall of (C) / the season last night (D) / No Error (E)
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Answer: (A) A
Explanation
Pronouns must agree in number with the nouns they refer to. Since Simla is a singular proper noun denoting a city, the correct possessive pronoun to describe the surrounding areas is its, not their.
79English Language
Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is 'No error', the answer is 'E'). (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)
No sooner did I see (A) / my younger brother's low (B) / grades then I started (C) / worrying about his future (D) / No Error (E)
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Answer: (C) C
Explanation
In comparative and temporal inverted constructions, no sooner introduces a clause paired with the conjunction than. Using then in place of than in part C violates standard grammatical structure.
80English Language
Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is 'No error', the answer is 'E'). (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)
The world needs to (A) / get together at this (B) / crucially hour to defuse the (C) / tensions between Russia and Ukraine (D) / No Error (E)
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Answer: (C) C
Explanation
Adjectives are used to modify nouns, whereas adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Since hour is a noun, it requires the adjective crucial to describe it appropriately.
81English Language
Which of the phrase/ word from the options (A), (B), (C) and (D) given below each sentence should replace the phrase printed in bold letters to make the sentence grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is, mark i.e., "No replacement required" as the answer.
Sustainable source of water is an importance determinant in the success of safe water schemes.
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Answer: (B) is an important determinant in
Explanation
In English grammar, a modifier preceding a noun must take its adjectival form when a corresponding adjective exists. In the phrase an important determinant in, important serves as the adjective modifying the noun determinant, which is followed by the appropriate preposition in to denote context.
82English Language
Which of the phrase/ word from the options (A), (B), (C) and (D) given below each sentence should replace the phrase printed in bold letters to make the sentence grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is, mark i.e., "No replacement required" as the answer.
Increasing economic prosperity would significantly increase India's energy appetite furthering import dependence.
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Answer: (E) No replacement required
Explanation
The sentence uses the modal verb would followed by the adverb significantly, the base form of the verb increase, and the possessive noun India's modifying the noun phrase energy appetite. All elements follow standard rules of English syntax and agreement, making the sentence completely correct in its original form.
83English Language
Which of the phrase/ word from the options (A), (B), (C) and (D) given below each sentence should replace the phrase printed in bold letters to make the sentence grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is, mark i.e., "No replacement required" as the answer.
The Russian energy company has announced that it has completely suspended gas supplies to Poland.
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Answer: (E) No replacement required
Explanation
The clause features the singular pronoun reference it paired with the singular auxiliary verb has, followed by the adverb completely modifying the past participle suspended. This forms a grammatically precise present perfect construction without requiring any correction.
84English Language
Which of the phrase/ word from the options (A), (B), (C) and (D) given below each sentence should replace the phrase printed in bold letters to make the sentence grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is, mark i.e., "No replacement required" as the answer.
The next ruler is rather going to effectively kill the peace or save it.
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Answer: (D) either going to effectively
Explanation
When presenting two choice alternatives linked by the conjunction or, the correct correlative partner to introduce the first option is either. Using either going to effectively maintains parallel structure and establishes the required logical choice between killing the peace or saving it.
85English Language
In each of the questions given below four words are given in bold. These four words may or may not be in their correct position. The sentence is then followed by options with the correct combination of words that should interchange with each other in order to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct. Find the correct combination of the words that replace each other. If the sentence is correct as it is then select option (E) as your choice.
The recent serious (A) of the RBI to raise the repo rate by 40 basis points is a recognition (B) of the action (C) situation with respect to inflation (D) in our country
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Answer: (A) (A) - (C)
Explanation
The noun phrase following recent requires a noun such as action to function as the head, yielding the recent action of the RBI. Conversely, situation requires the descriptive adjective serious to yield the serious situation, ensuring both clauses are contextually coherent and syntactically correct.
86English Language
In each of the questions given below four words are given in bold. These four words may or may not be in their correct position. The sentence is then followed by options with the correct combination of words that should interchange with each other in order to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct. Find the correct combination of the words that replace each other. If the sentence is correct as it is then select option (E) as your choice.
The consumption (A) of junk foods that are high in calories (B), sugar, fat and salt lead to the early onset of adolescents (C) among obesity (D).
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Answer: (B) (C) - (D)
Explanation
The noun obesity correctly specifies the health condition experiencing an early onset, while the plural noun adolescents properly identifies the demographic group among whom this onset occurs. Placing obesity after onset of and adolescents after among restores logical sense and grammatical correctness.
87English Language
In each of the questions given below, a sentence has been divided into FIVE parts. Rearrange the parts of the sentence to make a grammatically correct and contextually meaningful statement.
(A) is built on a set of received
(B) to the basic precepts of
(C) justice and fairness
(D) axioms that are inherent
(E) India's criminal justice system
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Answer: (D) EADBC
Explanation
The coherent sentence structure begins with the subject India's criminal justice system, followed by the verb phrase is built on a set of received, the head noun axioms that are inherent, the prepositional connector to the basic precepts of, and concludes with the object noun phrase justice and fairness.
88English Language
In each of the questions given below, a sentence has been divided into FIVE parts. Rearrange the parts of the sentence to make a grammatically correct and contextually meaningful statement.
(A) in the World Trade Organization has
(B) the issue of public stockholding of food
(C) one of the cardinal demands of India
(D) to protect India's food security
(E) been to find a permanent solution to
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Answer: (A) CAEBD
Explanation
The sentence opens with the subject One of the cardinal demands of India, followed by the context in the World Trade Organization, the verb structure has been to find a permanent solution to, the object phrase the issue of public stockholding of food, and ends with the goal clause to protect India's food security.
89English Language
In each of the questions given below, a sentence has been divided into FIVE parts. Rearrange the parts of the sentence to make a grammatically correct and contextually meaningful statement.
(A) in independent India
(B) youngest person to
(C) and the first to be born
(D) Droupadi Murmu is also the
(E) be elected as the President
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Answer: (B) DBECA
Explanation
The statement opens with the main clause Droupadi Murmu is also the, continues with the noun modifier youngest person to, connects to the passive verb phrase be elected as the President, and concludes with the parallel clause and the first to be born in independent India.
90English Language
In each of the questions given below, a sentence has been divided into FIVE parts. Rearrange the parts of the sentence to make a grammatically correct and contextually meaningful statement.
(A) colonial times when the Indian
(B) British pound rather than to gold
(C) currency hierarchy goes back to
(D) which it earned through exports.
(E) rupee was virtually linked to the
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Answer: (B) CAEBD
Explanation
The sentence begins with the main clause Currency hierarchy goes back to, followed by the time clause colonial times when the Indian, the passive verb construction rupee was virtually linked to the, the comparative phrase British pound rather than to gold, and closes with the relative clause which it earned through exports.
91English Language
Read the passage and answer the questions given below.
Consumption is an important element of human civilization. The success of modern economies is dependent on, and measured a great deal by, the level and nature of consumption. From the huntergatherers whose consumption was survival- centric to the millennials for whom consumption is about fulfilling aspirations, the nature of consumerism has seen tremendous shifts. Modern- day consumerism is not only about wanting more but also wanting it fast. We are in an age of 'hyper lapse consumerism'. The ubiquitous growth of the Internet and the rise of e- commerce have fueled hyper lapse consumerism, which refers not only to the kinds of products being sold but also to the ease with which consumers order them and the speed at which such products are delivered. According to a study by Invesp, 56% of online consumers between the age of 18 and 34 years expect the goods they have ordered to be delivered on the same day, whereas 61% want their packages even faster — within 1- 3 hours of placing an order.
After e- commerce companies made delivery their core competence by putting boots on the ground and even drones in the sky, the competition to deliver faster and better is shaping consumer behavior and industry patterns. Recently in India we saw food and grocery delivery companies announcing 10- minute deliveries for consumers in select cities. This is being done by strengthening the hyper- local logistical network, leveraging predictive algorithms, process optimization and, in some cases, providing incentives and disincentives for delivery partners. When the 10- minute delivery plan was announced, policymakers and experts raised concerns that delivery professionals might resort to reckless driving and put themselves and others at risk in their rush to stick to timelines. Indiscriminate work pressure can lead to fatigue, mental health issues and other health issues among delivery professionals. In an industry which offers little to no social security for gig workers, this could have serious consequences. A NITI Aayog report, 'India's Booming Gig and Platform Economy', suggests extending social security for gig and platform workers, including paid sick leave, health access and insurance, and occupational disease and work accident insurance.
Hyperlapse consumerism is not without its benefits. According to NITI Aayog, in 2020- 21, about 7.7 million workers were engaged in the gig economy, accounting for 1.5% of the total workforce in India. This is expected to grow to 23.5 million workers by 2029- 30. Going ahead, there are two paths. Either we continue with hyper lapse consumerism or shift back to a more laid- back delivery model. In the rush to come up with better value propositions for the customer, businesses often tend to ignore the social, ethical, environmental and personal costs of business decisions. These decisions get influenced by, and further influence, consumer needs and behaviour. While advertising serves a positive purpose by educating consumers, much has been focused on the question of whether advertising is manipulative.
How is Consumerism evolved in human civilization?
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Answer: (D) Renouncing the primitive approach of providing the basic necessities, consumerism grew as a means to fulfil the satisfaction or desire of the millennials
Explanation
In the passage, the evolution of consumerism is described as a shift from a survival-centric model practiced by hunter-gatherers to an aspiration-fulfilling model among millennials, moving beyond merely providing basic necessities.
92English Language
Read the passage and answer the questions given below.
Consumption is an important element of human civilization. The success of modern economies is dependent on, and measured a great deal by, the level and nature of consumption. From the huntergatherers whose consumption was survival- centric to the millennials for whom consumption is about fulfilling aspirations, the nature of consumerism has seen tremendous shifts. Modern- day consumerism is not only about wanting more but also wanting it fast. We are in an age of 'hyper lapse consumerism'. The ubiquitous growth of the Internet and the rise of e- commerce have fueled hyper lapse consumerism, which refers not only to the kinds of products being sold but also to the ease with which consumers order them and the speed at which such products are delivered. According to a study by Invesp, 56% of online consumers between the age of 18 and 34 years expect the goods they have ordered to be delivered on the same day, whereas 61% want their packages even faster — within 1- 3 hours of placing an order.
After e- commerce companies made delivery their core competence by putting boots on the ground and even drones in the sky, the competition to deliver faster and better is shaping consumer behavior and industry patterns. Recently in India we saw food and grocery delivery companies announcing 10- minute deliveries for consumers in select cities. This is being done by strengthening the hyper- local logistical network, leveraging predictive algorithms, process optimization and, in some cases, providing incentives and disincentives for delivery partners. When the 10- minute delivery plan was announced, policymakers and experts raised concerns that delivery professionals might resort to reckless driving and put themselves and others at risk in their rush to stick to timelines. Indiscriminate work pressure can lead to fatigue, mental health issues and other health issues among delivery professionals. In an industry which offers little to no social security for gig workers, this could have serious consequences. A NITI Aayog report, 'India's Booming Gig and Platform Economy', suggests extending social security for gig and platform workers, including paid sick leave, health access and insurance, and occupational disease and work accident insurance.
Hyperlapse consumerism is not without its benefits. According to NITI Aayog, in 2020- 21, about 7.7 million workers were engaged in the gig economy, accounting for 1.5% of the total workforce in India. This is expected to grow to 23.5 million workers by 2029- 30. Going ahead, there are two paths. Either we continue with hyper lapse consumerism or shift back to a more laid- back delivery model. In the rush to come up with better value propositions for the customer, businesses often tend to ignore the social, ethical, environmental and personal costs of business decisions. These decisions get influenced by, and further influence, consumer needs and behaviour. While advertising serves a positive purpose by educating consumers, much has been focused on the question of whether advertising is manipulative.
How are the delivery companies approaching with their "10-minute delivery" service?
● Correct
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Answer: (E) All of these
Explanation
The text explains that 10-minute deliveries are achieved by strengthening hyper-local logistical networks, leveraging predictive algorithms, optimizing processes, and offering incentives and disincentives for delivery partners.
93English Language
Read the passage and answer the questions given below.
Consumption is an important element of human civilization. The success of modern economies is dependent on, and measured a great deal by, the level and nature of consumption. From the huntergatherers whose consumption was survival- centric to the millennials for whom consumption is about fulfilling aspirations, the nature of consumerism has seen tremendous shifts. Modern- day consumerism is not only about wanting more but also wanting it fast. We are in an age of 'hyper lapse consumerism'. The ubiquitous growth of the Internet and the rise of e- commerce have fueled hyper lapse consumerism, which refers not only to the kinds of products being sold but also to the ease with which consumers order them and the speed at which such products are delivered. According to a study by Invesp, 56% of online consumers between the age of 18 and 34 years expect the goods they have ordered to be delivered on the same day, whereas 61% want their packages even faster — within 1- 3 hours of placing an order.
After e- commerce companies made delivery their core competence by putting boots on the ground and even drones in the sky, the competition to deliver faster and better is shaping consumer behavior and industry patterns. Recently in India we saw food and grocery delivery companies announcing 10- minute deliveries for consumers in select cities. This is being done by strengthening the hyper- local logistical network, leveraging predictive algorithms, process optimization and, in some cases, providing incentives and disincentives for delivery partners. When the 10- minute delivery plan was announced, policymakers and experts raised concerns that delivery professionals might resort to reckless driving and put themselves and others at risk in their rush to stick to timelines. Indiscriminate work pressure can lead to fatigue, mental health issues and other health issues among delivery professionals. In an industry which offers little to no social security for gig workers, this could have serious consequences. A NITI Aayog report, 'India's Booming Gig and Platform Economy', suggests extending social security for gig and platform workers, including paid sick leave, health access and insurance, and occupational disease and work accident insurance.
Hyperlapse consumerism is not without its benefits. According to NITI Aayog, in 2020- 21, about 7.7 million workers were engaged in the gig economy, accounting for 1.5% of the total workforce in India. This is expected to grow to 23.5 million workers by 2029- 30. Going ahead, there are two paths. Either we continue with hyper lapse consumerism or shift back to a more laid- back delivery model. In the rush to come up with better value propositions for the customer, businesses often tend to ignore the social, ethical, environmental and personal costs of business decisions. These decisions get influenced by, and further influence, consumer needs and behaviour. While advertising serves a positive purpose by educating consumers, much has been focused on the question of whether advertising is manipulative.
Why are the policymakers skeptical about the newly introduced "10-minute delivery" services by the food and grocery delivering companies?
● Correct
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Answer: (E) All of these
Explanation
The passage lists several concerns raised by policymakers, including delivery partners resorting to reckless driving to stick to tight timelines, suffering from fatigue and health issues under heavy work pressure, and working without social security benefits.
94English Language
Read the passage and answer the questions given below.
Consumption is an important element of human civilization. The success of modern economies is dependent on, and measured a great deal by, the level and nature of consumption. From the huntergatherers whose consumption was survival- centric to the millennials for whom consumption is about fulfilling aspirations, the nature of consumerism has seen tremendous shifts. Modern- day consumerism is not only about wanting more but also wanting it fast. We are in an age of 'hyper lapse consumerism'. The ubiquitous growth of the Internet and the rise of e- commerce have fueled hyper lapse consumerism, which refers not only to the kinds of products being sold but also to the ease with which consumers order them and the speed at which such products are delivered. According to a study by Invesp, 56% of online consumers between the age of 18 and 34 years expect the goods they have ordered to be delivered on the same day, whereas 61% want their packages even faster — within 1- 3 hours of placing an order.
After e- commerce companies made delivery their core competence by putting boots on the ground and even drones in the sky, the competition to deliver faster and better is shaping consumer behavior and industry patterns. Recently in India we saw food and grocery delivery companies announcing 10- minute deliveries for consumers in select cities. This is being done by strengthening the hyper- local logistical network, leveraging predictive algorithms, process optimization and, in some cases, providing incentives and disincentives for delivery partners. When the 10- minute delivery plan was announced, policymakers and experts raised concerns that delivery professionals might resort to reckless driving and put themselves and others at risk in their rush to stick to timelines. Indiscriminate work pressure can lead to fatigue, mental health issues and other health issues among delivery professionals. In an industry which offers little to no social security for gig workers, this could have serious consequences. A NITI Aayog report, 'India's Booming Gig and Platform Economy', suggests extending social security for gig and platform workers, including paid sick leave, health access and insurance, and occupational disease and work accident insurance.
Hyperlapse consumerism is not without its benefits. According to NITI Aayog, in 2020- 21, about 7.7 million workers were engaged in the gig economy, accounting for 1.5% of the total workforce in India. This is expected to grow to 23.5 million workers by 2029- 30. Going ahead, there are two paths. Either we continue with hyper lapse consumerism or shift back to a more laid- back delivery model. In the rush to come up with better value propositions for the customer, businesses often tend to ignore the social, ethical, environmental and personal costs of business decisions. These decisions get influenced by, and further influence, consumer needs and behaviour. While advertising serves a positive purpose by educating consumers, much has been focused on the question of whether advertising is manipulative.
Which of the following is FALSE about hyper-lapse consumerism?
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
Show answer & explanationHide answer⌄
Answer: (D) Hyper-lapse consumerism is gradually in its way to deteriorate the economy by promoting the concept of providing more to the rich.
Explanation
The passage supports options a, b, and c directly, but nowhere states that hyper-lapse consumerism deteriorates the economy by providing more to the rich. Instead, it highlights positive economic aspects such as generating millions of gig economy jobs.
95English Language
Read the passage and answer the questions given below.
Consumption is an important element of human civilization. The success of modern economies is dependent on, and measured a great deal by, the level and nature of consumption. From the huntergatherers whose consumption was survival- centric to the millennials for whom consumption is about fulfilling aspirations, the nature of consumerism has seen tremendous shifts. Modern- day consumerism is not only about wanting more but also wanting it fast. We are in an age of 'hyper lapse consumerism'. The ubiquitous growth of the Internet and the rise of e- commerce have fueled hyper lapse consumerism, which refers not only to the kinds of products being sold but also to the ease with which consumers order them and the speed at which such products are delivered. According to a study by Invesp, 56% of online consumers between the age of 18 and 34 years expect the goods they have ordered to be delivered on the same day, whereas 61% want their packages even faster — within 1- 3 hours of placing an order.
After e- commerce companies made delivery their core competence by putting boots on the ground and even drones in the sky, the competition to deliver faster and better is shaping consumer behavior and industry patterns. Recently in India we saw food and grocery delivery companies announcing 10- minute deliveries for consumers in select cities. This is being done by strengthening the hyper- local logistical network, leveraging predictive algorithms, process optimization and, in some cases, providing incentives and disincentives for delivery partners. When the 10- minute delivery plan was announced, policymakers and experts raised concerns that delivery professionals might resort to reckless driving and put themselves and others at risk in their rush to stick to timelines. Indiscriminate work pressure can lead to fatigue, mental health issues and other health issues among delivery professionals. In an industry which offers little to no social security for gig workers, this could have serious consequences. A NITI Aayog report, 'India's Booming Gig and Platform Economy', suggests extending social security for gig and platform workers, including paid sick leave, health access and insurance, and occupational disease and work accident insurance.
Hyperlapse consumerism is not without its benefits. According to NITI Aayog, in 2020- 21, about 7.7 million workers were engaged in the gig economy, accounting for 1.5% of the total workforce in India. This is expected to grow to 23.5 million workers by 2029- 30. Going ahead, there are two paths. Either we continue with hyper lapse consumerism or shift back to a more laid- back delivery model. In the rush to come up with better value propositions for the customer, businesses often tend to ignore the social, ethical, environmental and personal costs of business decisions. These decisions get influenced by, and further influence, consumer needs and behaviour. While advertising serves a positive purpose by educating consumers, much has been focused on the question of whether advertising is manipulative.
Which of the following options is/are TRUE with respect to the data given in the passage?
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
Show answer & explanationHide answer⌄
Answer: (E) All of these
Explanation
The passage confirms that 56% of online consumers aged 18 to 34 expect same-day delivery, gig workforce numbers are projected to grow from 7.7 million to 23.5 million by 2029-30, and NITI Aayog recommends providing social security, paid sick leave, and health insurance to gig workers.
96English Language
Read the passage and answer the questions given below.
Consumption is an important element of human civilization. The success of modern economies is dependent on, and measured a great deal by, the level and nature of consumption. From the huntergatherers whose consumption was survival- centric to the millennials for whom consumption is about fulfilling aspirations, the nature of consumerism has seen tremendous shifts. Modern- day consumerism is not only about wanting more but also wanting it fast. We are in an age of 'hyper lapse consumerism'. The ubiquitous growth of the Internet and the rise of e- commerce have fueled hyper lapse consumerism, which refers not only to the kinds of products being sold but also to the ease with which consumers order them and the speed at which such products are delivered. According to a study by Invesp, 56% of online consumers between the age of 18 and 34 years expect the goods they have ordered to be delivered on the same day, whereas 61% want their packages even faster — within 1- 3 hours of placing an order.
After e- commerce companies made delivery their core competence by putting boots on the ground and even drones in the sky, the competition to deliver faster and better is shaping consumer behavior and industry patterns. Recently in India we saw food and grocery delivery companies announcing 10- minute deliveries for consumers in select cities. This is being done by strengthening the hyper- local logistical network, leveraging predictive algorithms, process optimization and, in some cases, providing incentives and disincentives for delivery partners. When the 10- minute delivery plan was announced, policymakers and experts raised concerns that delivery professionals might resort to reckless driving and put themselves and others at risk in their rush to stick to timelines. Indiscriminate work pressure can lead to fatigue, mental health issues and other health issues among delivery professionals. In an industry which offers little to no social security for gig workers, this could have serious consequences. A NITI Aayog report, 'India's Booming Gig and Platform Economy', suggests extending social security for gig and platform workers, including paid sick leave, health access and insurance, and occupational disease and work accident insurance.
Hyperlapse consumerism is not without its benefits. According to NITI Aayog, in 2020- 21, about 7.7 million workers were engaged in the gig economy, accounting for 1.5% of the total workforce in India. This is expected to grow to 23.5 million workers by 2029- 30. Going ahead, there are two paths. Either we continue with hyper lapse consumerism or shift back to a more laid- back delivery model. In the rush to come up with better value propositions for the customer, businesses often tend to ignore the social, ethical, environmental and personal costs of business decisions. These decisions get influenced by, and further influence, consumer needs and behaviour. While advertising serves a positive purpose by educating consumers, much _______________________ has been focused on the question of whether advertising is manipulative.
Which of the following can fit into the blank given in the passage?
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
Show answer & explanationHide answer⌄
Answer: (B) attention
Explanation
The PDF text layer (page 1, not present in the raw.md, which silently dropped the blank) shows the sentence reads: "...much _______________________ has been focused on the question of whether advertising is manipulative." The idiomatic collocation is "attention has been focused on [a question]" — attention is the thing that gets focused on a topic. Of the five options (awareness, attention, belief, intention, enticement), only "attention" collocates naturally with "focused on"; the others don't fit ("much belief/intention/enticement has been focused on..." is not idiomatic English, and "awareness" is usually "raised" or "created," not "focused"). So the correct answer is option b, "attention."
97English Language
Read the passage and answer the questions given below.
Consumption is an important element of human civilization. The success of modern economies is dependent on, and measured a great deal by, the level and nature of consumption. From the huntergatherers whose consumption was survival- centric to the millennials for whom consumption is about fulfilling aspirations, the nature of consumerism has seen tremendous shifts. Modern- day consumerism is not only about wanting more but also wanting it fast. We are in an age of 'hyper lapse consumerism'. The ubiquitous growth of the Internet and the rise of e- commerce have fueled hyper lapse consumerism, which refers not only to the kinds of products being sold but also to the ease with which consumers order them and the speed at which such products are delivered. According to a study by Invesp, 56% of online consumers between the age of 18 and 34 years expect the goods they have ordered to be delivered on the same day, whereas 61% want their packages even faster — within 1- 3 hours of placing an order.
After e- commerce companies made delivery their core competence by putting boots on the ground and even drones in the sky, the competition to deliver faster and better is shaping consumer behavior and industry patterns. Recently in India we saw food and grocery delivery companies announcing 10- minute deliveries for consumers in select cities. This is being done by strengthening the hyper- local logistical network, leveraging predictive algorithms, process optimization and, in some cases, providing incentives and disincentives for delivery partners. When the 10- minute delivery plan was announced, policymakers and experts raised concerns that delivery professionals might resort to reckless driving and put themselves and others at risk in their rush to stick to timelines. Indiscriminate work pressure can lead to fatigue, mental health issues and other health issues among delivery professionals. In an industry which offers little to no social security for gig workers, this could have serious consequences. A NITI Aayog report, 'India's Booming Gig and Platform Economy', suggests extending social security for gig and platform workers, including paid sick leave, health access and insurance, and occupational disease and work accident insurance.
Hyperlapse consumerism is not without its benefits. According to NITI Aayog, in 2020- 21, about 7.7 million workers were engaged in the gig economy, accounting for 1.5% of the total workforce in India. This is expected to grow to 23.5 million workers by 2029- 30. Going ahead, there are two paths. Either we continue with hyper lapse consumerism or shift back to a more laid- back delivery model. In the rush to come up with better value propositions for the customer, businesses often tend to ignore the social, ethical, environmental and personal costs of business decisions. These decisions get influenced by, and further influence, consumer needs and behaviour. While advertising serves a positive purpose by educating consumers, much has been focused on the question of whether advertising is manipulative.
Which of the following words is the synonym of "indiscriminate" highlighted in the passage?
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
Show answer & explanationHide answer⌄
Answer: (A) capricious
Explanation
In the context of the passage, indiscriminate work pressure refers to arbitrary or unconsidered stress placed on workers, which is synonymous with capricious.
98English Language
Read the passage and answer the questions given below.
Consumption is an important element of human civilization. The success of modern economies is dependent on, and measured a great deal by, the level and nature of consumption. From the huntergatherers whose consumption was survival- centric to the millennials for whom consumption is about fulfilling aspirations, the nature of consumerism has seen tremendous shifts. Modern- day consumerism is not only about wanting more but also wanting it fast. We are in an age of 'hyper lapse consumerism'. The ubiquitous growth of the Internet and the rise of e- commerce have fueled hyper lapse consumerism, which refers not only to the kinds of products being sold but also to the ease with which consumers order them and the speed at which such products are delivered. According to a study by Invesp, 56% of online consumers between the age of 18 and 34 years expect the goods they have ordered to be delivered on the same day, whereas 61% want their packages even faster — within 1- 3 hours of placing an order.
After e- commerce companies made delivery their core competence by putting boots on the ground and even drones in the sky, the competition to deliver faster and better is shaping consumer behavior and industry patterns. Recently in India we saw food and grocery delivery companies announcing 10- minute deliveries for consumers in select cities. This is being done by strengthening the hyper- local logistical network, leveraging predictive algorithms, process optimization and, in some cases, providing incentives and disincentives for delivery partners. When the 10- minute delivery plan was announced, policymakers and experts raised concerns that delivery professionals might resort to reckless driving and put themselves and others at risk in their rush to stick to timelines. Indiscriminate work pressure can lead to fatigue, mental health issues and other health issues among delivery professionals. In an industry which offers little to no social security for gig workers, this could have serious consequences. A NITI Aayog report, 'India's Booming Gig and Platform Economy', suggests extending social security for gig and platform workers, including paid sick leave, health access and insurance, and occupational disease and work accident insurance.
Hyperlapse consumerism is not without its benefits. According to NITI Aayog, in 2020- 21, about 7.7 million workers were engaged in the gig economy, accounting for 1.5% of the total workforce in India. This is expected to grow to 23.5 million workers by 2029- 30. Going ahead, there are two paths. Either we continue with hyper lapse consumerism or shift back to a more laid- back delivery model. In the rush to come up with better value propositions for the customer, businesses often tend to ignore the social, ethical, environmental and personal costs of business decisions. These decisions get influenced by, and further influence, consumer needs and behaviour. While advertising serves a positive purpose by educating consumers, much has been focused on the question of whether advertising is manipulative.
Which of the following words is the antonym of "ubiquitous" highlighted in the passage?
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
Show answer & explanationHide answer⌄
Answer: (C) scarce
Explanation
Ubiquitous describes something that is found everywhere or is widespread, whereas scarce describes something that is rare or hard to find, making them direct antonyms.
99English Language
In each of the questions given below four words are given in bold. These four words may or may not be in their correct position. The sentence is then followed by options with the correct combination of words that should interchange with each other in order to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct. Find the correct combination of the words that replace each other. If the sentence is correct as it is then select 'No interchange required' as your choice.
No subjected (A) of society would ever draconian (B) itself to be section (C) to a law that is allow (D).
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (D) Both (A) - (C) and (B) - (D)
Explanation
Swapping A (subjected) with C (section) and B (draconian) with D (allow) yields the grammatically and contextually correct sentence: "No section of society would ever allow itself to be subjected to a law that is draconian."
100English Language
In each of the questions given below four words are given in bold. These four words may or may not be in their correct position. The sentence is then followed by options with the correct combination of words that should interchange with each other in order to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct. Find the correct combination of the words that replace each other. If the sentence is correct as it is then select 'No interchange required' as your choice.
The judgment delivered (A) formally fundamental (B) the right to privacy (C) as being a recognized (D) right.
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
Show answer & explanationHide answer⌄
Answer: (B) Only (B) - (D)
Explanation
Swapping B (fundamental) and D (recognized) produces the coherent sentence: "The judgment delivered formally recognized the right to privacy as being a fundamental right."
