Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them, while answering some of the questions.
India's consumer behaviour has experienced a radical transformation at the most fundamental levels. The rise in smartphone use fuelled by affordable data plans has catalysed an online revolution in the country. The novel coronavirus pandemic has further accelerated the process of digital inclusion, and it is now not only routine to transact online and have food, personal care items or anything else delivered at the one's doorstep, but it is also common to learn online, have medical consultations online, and even resolve disputes online. These realisations have given India the opportunity to disrupt the status quo with its innovative abilities.
Despite the rapid advancement of digital platforms on the one hand and the pervasiveness of the Internet- enabled phone on the other, small enterprises such as local kirana stores have not gained from this. Online purchases from "near and now" inventory from the local store remain in a digital vacuum. This is because, to sell on numerous platforms, sellers must maintain a separate infrastructure, which only adds costs and limits participation. The distinct terms and conditions of each platform further limit the sellers' flexibility. Consequently, small and medium- sized businesses have lost their freedom to choose and participate in the country's e- commerce system at their will and on their terms. Alarmingly, centralising digital commerce transactions on a single platform creates a single point of failure. Given this objective, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) of the Government of India established the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) to level the playing field by developing open e- commerce and enabling to small businesses and dealers. The ONDC network makes it possible for products and services from all participating e- commerce platforms to be displayed in search results across all network apps. For instance, a consumer shopping for a product on an e- commerce app named "X" would also receive results from e- commerce app named "Y", if both X and Y integrated their platforms with the ONDC. This achieves the dual objective of wider choice for consumers on the one hand and access to a wider consumer base for sellers on the other.
Which of the following has/have brought the online revolution?
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Answer: (C) " Inexpensive data plans which have been the flourishing ground to increase smartphone usage
Explanation
According to the passage, the online revolution in India was catalysed by the rapid rise in smartphone usage, which was directly fuelled by affordable data plans.
2English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them, while answering some of the questions.
India's consumer behaviour has experienced a radical transformation at the most fundamental levels. The rise in smartphone use fuelled by affordable data plans has catalysed an online revolution in the country. The novel coronavirus pandemic has further accelerated the process of digital inclusion, and it is now not only routine to transact online and have food, personal care items or anything else delivered at the one's doorstep, but it is also common to learn online, have medical consultations online, and even resolve disputes online. These realisations have given India the opportunity to disrupt the status quo with its innovative abilities.
Despite the rapid advancement of digital platforms on the one hand and the pervasiveness of the Internet- enabled phone on the other, small enterprises such as local kirana stores have not gained from this. Online purchases from "near and now" inventory from the local store remain in a digital vacuum. This is because, to sell on numerous platforms, sellers must maintain a separate infrastructure, which only adds costs and limits participation. The distinct terms and conditions of each platform further limit the sellers' flexibility. Consequently, small and medium- sized businesses have lost their freedom to choose and participate in the country's e- commerce system at their will and on their terms. Alarmingly, centralising digital commerce transactions on a single platform creates a single point of failure. Given this objective, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) of the Government of India established the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) to level the playing field by developing open e- commerce and enabling to small businesses and dealers. The ONDC network makes it possible for products and services from all participating e- commerce platforms to be displayed in search results across all network apps. For instance, a consumer shopping for a product on an e- commerce app named "X" would also receive results from e- commerce app named "Y", if both X and Y integrated their platforms with the ONDC. This achieves the dual objective of wider choice for consumers on the one hand and access to a wider consumer base for sellers on the other.
According to the passage, how the coronavirus pandemic has elevated the usage of the internet?
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Answer: (D) Only (a) and (b)
Explanation
The passage states that the coronavirus pandemic accelerated digital inclusion, making it routine to have items delivered to one's doorstep while also making online learning and medical consultations common. Since social media usage for entertainment is not mentioned in the passage, only statements concerning delivery of goods and online education/consultations are correct.
3English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them, while answering some of the questions.
India's consumer behaviour has experienced a radical transformation at the most fundamental levels. The rise in smartphone use fuelled by affordable data plans has catalysed an online revolution in the country. The novel coronavirus pandemic has further accelerated the process of digital inclusion, and it is now not only routine to transact online and have food, personal care items or anything else delivered at the one's doorstep, but it is also common to learn online, have medical consultations online, and even resolve disputes online. These realisations have given India the opportunity to disrupt the status quo with its innovative abilities.
Despite the rapid advancement of digital platforms on the one hand and the pervasiveness of the Internet- enabled phone on the other, small enterprises such as local kirana stores have not gained from this. Online purchases from "near and now" inventory from the local store remain in a digital vacuum. This is because, to sell on numerous platforms, sellers must maintain a separate infrastructure, which only adds costs and limits participation. The distinct terms and conditions of each platform further limit the sellers' flexibility. Consequently, small and medium- sized businesses have lost their freedom to choose and participate in the country's e- commerce system at their will and on their terms. Alarmingly, centralising digital commerce transactions on a single platform creates a single point of failure. Given this objective, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) of the Government of India established the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) to level the playing field by developing open e- commerce and enabling to small businesses and dealers. The ONDC network makes it possible for products and services from all participating e- commerce platforms to be displayed in search results across all network apps. For instance, a consumer shopping for a product on an e- commerce app named "X" would also receive results from e- commerce app named "Y", if both X and Y integrated their platforms with the ONDC. This achieves the dual objective of wider choice for consumers on the one hand and access to a wider consumer base for sellers on the other.
Why is it correct to say that the advancement of digital platforms isn't propitious for local grocers?
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Answer: (D) All of these
Explanation
The passage explains that local grocers and small enterprises face severe hurdles on digital platforms because maintaining separate infrastructures for multiple platforms adds overhead costs, platform-specific terms limit seller flexibility, and sellers lose the freedom to operate on their own terms. Since all three statements accurately reflect these passage details, all of the given options are correct.
4English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them, while answering some of the questions.
India's consumer behaviour has experienced a radical transformation at the most fundamental levels. The rise in smartphone use fuelled by affordable data plans has catalysed an online revolution in the country. The novel coronavirus pandemic has further accelerated the process of digital inclusion, and it is now not only routine to transact online and have food, personal care items or anything else delivered at the one's doorstep, but it is also common to learn online, have medical consultations online, and even resolve disputes online. These realisations have given India the opportunity to disrupt the status quo with its innovative abilities.
Despite the rapid advancement of digital platforms on the one hand and the pervasiveness of the Internet- enabled phone on the other, small enterprises such as local kirana stores have not gained from this. Online purchases from "near and now" inventory from the local store remain in a digital vacuum. This is because, to sell on numerous platforms, sellers must maintain a separate infrastructure, which only adds costs and limits participation. The distinct terms and conditions of each platform further limit the sellers' flexibility. Consequently, small and medium- sized businesses have lost their freedom to choose and participate in the country's e- commerce system at their will and on their terms. Alarmingly, centralising digital commerce transactions on a single platform creates a single point of failure. Given this objective, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) of the Government of India established the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) to level the playing field by developing open e- commerce and enabling to small businesses and dealers. The ONDC network makes it possible for products and services from all participating e- commerce platforms to be displayed in search results across all network apps. For instance, a consumer shopping for a product on an e- commerce app named "X" would also receive results from e- commerce app named "Y", if both X and Y integrated their platforms with the ONDC. This achieves the dual objective of wider choice for consumers on the one hand and access to a wider consumer base for sellers on the other.
How is Open Network for Digital Commerce designed to work?
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Answer: (C) It fetches and exchanges search information among two or more platforms that are integrated with it
Explanation
The Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) is designed as an open e-commerce framework that integrates multiple platforms, allowing search queries on one integrated application to fetch and display product and service results from other participating platforms across the network.
5English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them, while answering some of the questions.
India's consumer behaviour has experienced a radical transformation at the most fundamental levels. The rise in smartphone use fuelled by affordable data plans has catalysed an online revolution in the country. The novel coronavirus pandemic has further accelerated the process of digital inclusion, and it is now not only routine to transact online and have food, personal care items or anything else delivered at the one's doorstep, but it is also common to learn online, have medical consultations online, and even resolve disputes online. These realisations have given India the opportunity to disrupt the status quo with its innovative abilities.
Despite the rapid advancement of digital platforms on the one hand and the pervasiveness of the Internet- enabled phone on the other, small enterprises such as local kirana stores have not gained from this. Online purchases from "near and now" inventory from the local store remain in a digital vacuum. This is because, to sell on numerous platforms, sellers must maintain a separate infrastructure, which only adds costs and limits participation. The distinct terms and conditions of each platform further limit the sellers' flexibility. Consequently, small and medium- sized businesses have lost their freedom to choose and participate in the country's e- commerce system at their will and on their terms. Alarmingly, centralising digital commerce transactions on a single platform creates a single point of failure. Given this objective, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) of the Government of India established the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) to level the playing field by developing open e- commerce and enabling to small businesses and dealers. The ONDC network makes it possible for products and services from all participating e- commerce platforms to be displayed in search results across all network apps. For instance, a consumer shopping for a product on an e- commerce app named "X" would also receive results from e- commerce app named "Y", if both X and Y integrated their platforms with the ONDC. This achieves the dual objective of wider choice for consumers on the one hand and access to a wider consumer base for sellers on the other.
Which of the following can be used to fill the blank given in the passage in order to make a grammatically correct and contextually meaningful sentence?
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Answer: (B) access
Explanation
The context of the sentence deals with leveling the playing field for small businesses in e-commerce. Filling the blank with the noun "access" logically completes the phrase "enabling access to small businesses and dealers," indicating that the platform provides entry and opportunities for these sellers.
6English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them, while answering some of the questions.
India's consumer behaviour has experienced a radical transformation at the most fundamental levels. The rise in smartphone use fuelled by affordable data plans has catalysed an online revolution in the country. The novel coronavirus pandemic has further accelerated the process of digital inclusion, and it is now not only routine to transact online and have food, personal care items or anything else delivered at the one's doorstep, but it is also common to learn online, have medical consultations online, and even resolve disputes online. These realisations have given India the opportunity to disrupt the status quo with its innovative abilities.
Despite the rapid advancement of digital platforms on the one hand and the pervasiveness of the Internet- enabled phone on the other, small enterprises such as local kirana stores have not gained from this. Online purchases from "near and now" inventory from the local store remain in a digital vacuum. This is because, to sell on numerous platforms, sellers must maintain a separate infrastructure, which only adds costs and limits participation. The distinct terms and conditions of each platform further limit the sellers' flexibility. Consequently, small and medium- sized businesses have lost their freedom to choose and participate in the country's e- commerce system at their will and on their terms. Alarmingly, centralising digital commerce transactions on a single platform creates a single point of failure. Given this objective, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) of the Government of India established the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) to level the playing field by developing open e- commerce and enabling to small businesses and dealers. The ONDC network makes it possible for products and services from all participating e- commerce platforms to be displayed in search results across all network apps. For instance, a consumer shopping for a product on an e- commerce app named "X" would also receive results from e- commerce app named "Y", if both X and Y integrated their platforms with the ONDC. This achieves the dual objective of wider choice for consumers on the one hand and access to a wider consumer base for sellers on the other.
Which of the following is a synonym of 'transformation' given in the passage?
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Answer: (B) conversion
Explanation
"Transformation" refers to a complete or radical change in form, nature, or structure. "Conversion" similarly means the process of changing or causing something to change from one form, state, or function to another, making it the correct synonym.
7English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them, while answering some of the questions.
India's consumer behaviour has experienced a radical transformation at the most fundamental levels. The rise in smartphone use fuelled by affordable data plans has catalysed an online revolution in the country. The novel coronavirus pandemic has further accelerated the process of digital inclusion, and it is now not only routine to transact online and have food, personal care items or anything else delivered at the one's doorstep, but it is also common to learn online, have medical consultations online, and even resolve disputes online. These realisations have given India the opportunity to disrupt the status quo with its innovative abilities.
Despite the rapid advancement of digital platforms on the one hand and the pervasiveness of the Internet- enabled phone on the other, small enterprises such as local kirana stores have not gained from this. Online purchases from "near and now" inventory from the local store remain in a digital vacuum. This is because, to sell on numerous platforms, sellers must maintain a separate infrastructure, which only adds costs and limits participation. The distinct terms and conditions of each platform further limit the sellers' flexibility. Consequently, small and medium- sized businesses have lost their freedom to choose and participate in the country's e- commerce system at their will and on their terms. Alarmingly, centralising digital commerce transactions on a single platform creates a single point of failure. Given this objective, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) of the Government of India established the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) to level the playing field by developing open e- commerce and enabling to small businesses and dealers. The ONDC network makes it possible for products and services from all participating e- commerce platforms to be displayed in search results across all network apps. For instance, a consumer shopping for a product on an e- commerce app named "X" would also receive results from e- commerce app named "Y", if both X and Y integrated their platforms with the ONDC. This achieves the dual objective of wider choice for consumers on the one hand and access to a wider consumer base for sellers on the other.
Which of the following is an antonym of 'pervasiveness' given in the passage?
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Answer: (A) sparse
Explanation
Pervasiveness refers to the quality or state of being present, prevalent, or widespread everywhere. Sparse means thinly dispersed, scarce, or existing in small quantities over a wide area, making it the direct antonym.
8English Language
In each question, four words are highlighted which may or may not be in the correct place. Choose the correct interchange from the given options to make the sentence grammatically and contextually meaningful. If all the given words are correctly placed then "no interchange needed" is the correct answer choice.
The school receiving (A) many children because it was obvious (B) that they weren't interested in educating (C) students but only exploited (D) the money paid for that pupil.
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Answer: (C) Only (A) -(D)
Explanation
In the original sentence, the verb positions lead to awkward phrasing. Exchanging "receiving" (A) with "exploited" (D) yields "The school exploited many children because it was obvious that they weren't interested in educating students but only receiving the money paid for that pupil." This restores proper grammatical structure and clear context.
9English Language
In each question, four words are highlighted which may or may not be in the correct place. Choose the correct interchange from the given options to make the sentence grammatically and contextually meaningful. If all the given words are correctly placed then "no interchange needed" is the correct answer choice.
The legislator refused (A) to appear before the committee (B), with his lawyer arguing (C) that there was nothing improper (D) about his actions.
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Answer: (E) No interchange needed
Explanation
The sentence is grammatically correct and contextually coherent as written, with "refused", "committee", "arguing", and "improper" playing their appropriate grammatical roles. Therefore, no interchange of words is required.
10English Language
In each question, four words are highlighted which may or may not be in the correct place. Choose the correct interchange from the given options to make the sentence grammatically and contextually meaningful. If all the given words are correctly placed then "no interchange needed" is the correct answer choice.
Cyberattacks have been on the rise (A) over the past 12-18 months, affecting businesses of all reliability (B) and sizes, where the nature (C) of the data network is a prerequisite (D) to their operations.
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Answer: (D) Only (B) -(C)
Explanation
In the given sentence, swapping "reliability" (B) and "nature" (C) modifies the text to read "...affecting businesses of all nature and sizes, where the reliability of the data network is a prerequisite to their operations." This accurately conveys that a network's reliability is essential for business operations.
11English Language
In each question, four words are highlighted which may or may not be in the correct place. Choose the correct interchange from the given options to make the sentence grammatically and contextually meaningful. If all the given words are correctly placed then "no interchange needed" is the correct answer choice.
We see the closures (A) of the pandemic in all countries, but definitely (B) much more in countries in which the impact (C) have been the longest (D) such as in South Asia and Latin America
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Answer: (C) Only (A) -(C)
Explanation
The noun impact fits meaningfully as the subject of the main clause indicating what is observed across all countries, while closures properly describes the preventive measures that lasted the longest in South Asia and Latin America. Swapping these two words restores the correct context and grammar.
12English Language
In each question, four words are highlighted which may or may not be in the correct place. Choose the correct interchange from the given options to make the sentence grammatically and contextually meaningful. If all the given words are correctly placed then "no interchange needed" is the correct answer choice.
Many countries have very rich and dense (A) curriculum with many subjects, (B) but we need to make sure that at least in the fundamentals, (C) children are focusing on the beginning (D).
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Answer: (A) Only (C) -(D)
Explanation
In the second clause, establishing early emphasis requires stating "in the beginning", followed by what students are concentrating on, which is "the fundamentals". Interchanging these two highlighted words fixes both the idiomatic expression and sentence flow.
13English Language
Each question is divided into four parts in which one part contains the error. Choose the incorrect part as your answer. If the sentence is correct as it is, choose "No Error" as your answer choice.
The move is very significance for (A) / the state where vast swathes of (B) / land have been encroached upon (C) / by suspected illegal migrants (D) / No Error (E).
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Answer: (A) A
Explanation
The sentence requires an adjective complement following the linking verb "is" and the modifier "very". Using the noun "significance" is grammatically incorrect, so it must be replaced with the adjective "significant".
14English Language
Each question is divided into four parts in which one part contains the error. Choose the incorrect part as your answer. If the sentence is correct as it is, choose "No Error" as your answer choice.
The US is looking forward (A) / to work closely together with (B) / India to advance bilateral (C) / priorities at the United Nations (D) / No Error (E)
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Answer: (C) B
Explanation
In the phrase "look forward to", "to" functions as a preposition rather than an infinitive marker, so it must be followed by a noun or gerund. Therefore, "work" must be changed to "working".
15English Language
Each question is divided into four parts in which one part contains the error. Choose the incorrect part as your answer. If the sentence is correct as it is, choose "No Error" as your answer choice.
A fixed wake time (A) / helps built a (B) / strong desire for (C) / sleep throughout wakefulness (D) / No Error (E).
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Answer: (C) B
Explanation
The verb "help" is followed by an infinitive with or without "to". Using the past tense form "built" after "helps" is ungrammatical and should be replaced with the base form "build".
16English Language
Each question is divided into four parts in which one part contains the error. Choose the incorrect part as your answer. If the sentence is correct as it is, choose "No Error" as your answer choice.
All of a sudden (A) / Rajiv remembered that (B) / he has not (C) / taken his car keys (D) No Error (E)
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Answer: (D) C
Explanation
Since the main action "remembered" is in the simple past tense, an action that occurred prior to that point in time must be expressed in the past perfect tense. Therefore, "has not" must be changed to "had not".
17English Language
Answer the following questions after rearranging the given sentences into a coherent paragraph.
(A) However, there is a long way to go for the country to achieve stability in population.
(B) Thus, population will be one-third more the population India will have in 2025.
(C) This is expected to be achieved no later than 2064 and is projected to be at 170 crore.
(D) In its 75-year journey since Independence, the country has seen a sea change in its demographic structure.
(E) At the current rate of growth, this is expected to fall to 1% by 2025.
(F) In the 1960s, India had a population growth rate of over 2% .
Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
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Answer: (C) F
Explanation
Sentence D sets the overarching theme regarding India's 75-year demographic evolution. Sentence F naturally follows as the second sentence by providing the initial historic data point on population growth from the 1960s.
18English Language
Answer the following questions after rearranging the given sentences into a coherent paragraph.
(A) However, there is a long way to go for the country to achieve stability in population.
(B) Thus, population will be one-third more the population India will have in 2025.
(C) This is expected to be achieved no later than 2064 and is projected to be at 170 crore.
(D) In its 75-year journey since Independence, the country has seen a sea change in its demographic structure.
(E) At the current rate of growth, this is expected to fall to 1% by 2025.
(F) In the 1960s, India had a population growth rate of over 2% .
Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?
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Answer: (C) D
Explanation
Sentence D serves as the introductory statement of the paragraph as it provides a broad contextual summary of India's demographic change over the 75 years since independence before specific chronological details are discussed.
19English Language
Answer the following questions after rearranging the given sentences into a coherent paragraph.
(A) However, there is a long way to go for the country to achieve stability in population.
(B) Thus, population will be one-third more the population India will have in 2025.
(C) This is expected to be achieved no later than 2064 and is projected to be at 170 crore.
(D) In its 75-year journey since Independence, the country has seen a sea change in its demographic structure.
(E) At the current rate of growth, this is expected to fall to 1% by 2025.
(F) In the 1960s, India had a population growth rate of over 2% .
Which of the following should be the THIRD sentence after rearrangement?
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Answer: (B) E
Explanation
Sentence F mentions the 1960s population growth rate of over 2%. Sentence E directly builds upon this fact by stating that this growth rate is expected to decline to 1% by 2025, making it the third sentence in the logical order.
20English Language
In the following passage, there are some blanks, followed by highlighted words, each of which has been numbered. The highlighted words may or may not be used correctly for the given blanks. Against each number, four options are given. Find the most appropriate word from the given options which could replace the highlighted word. If the highlighted word has been used correctly then 'No replacement required' will be your right answer choice.
On the "appointed day", as Independence Day was referred to in the Indian Independence Act, 1947, British ______ (tendency) (20) lapsed in India, leading to the formation of two independent dominions- India and Pakistan. Pre- independence India ______ (registered) (21) of state units, provinces and more than 550 ______ (scattered) (22) states. Nearly 114 of these, through the ______ (palpation) (23) of Accession, had already joined India before August 15. The rest had the choice of joining either India or Pakistan, with most deciding to ______ (fled) (24) to the former. From then to now, as India completes 75 years of independence and has 28 States and eight Union Territories, the internal boundaries of the country have ______ (felicitate) (25) several changes with States being reorganized in multiple phases, with different factors behind the revamping of the map.
This question refers to highlighted word (20) in the passage above.
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Answer: (D) paramountcy
Explanation
In constitutional history, paramountcy refers to the suzerainty exercised by the British Crown over the Indian princely states. Under the Indian Independence Act of 1947, British paramountcy lapsed, allowing these states to accede to either India or Pakistan.
21English Language
In the following passage, there are some blanks, followed by highlighted words, each of which has been numbered. The highlighted words may or may not be used correctly for the given blanks. Against each number, four options are given. Find the most appropriate word from the given options which could replace the highlighted word. If the highlighted word has been used correctly then 'No replacement required' will be your right answer choice.
On the "appointed day", as Independence Day was referred to in the Indian Independence Act, 1947, British (tendency) (20) lapsed in India, leading to the formation of two independent dominions- India and Pakistan. Pre- independence India (registered) (21) of state units, provinces and more than 550 (scattered) (22) states. Nearly 114 of these, through the (palpation) (23) of Accession, had already joined India before August 15. The rest had the choice of joining either India or Pakistan, with most deciding to (fled) (24) to the former. From then to now, as India completes 75 years of independence and has 28 States and eight Union Territories, the internal boundaries of the country have (felicitate) (25) several changes with States being reorganized in multiple phases, with different factors behind the revamping of the map.
This question refers to highlighted word (21) in the passage above.
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Answer: (A) consisted
Explanation
The phrase "consisted of" is used to specify the constituent parts or members of a whole. In the given context, it correctly describes how pre-independence India was composed of various state units, provinces, and princely states.
22English Language
In the following passage, there are some blanks, followed by highlighted words, each of which has been numbered. The highlighted words may or may not be used correctly for the given blanks. Against each number, four options are given. Find the most appropriate word from the given options which could replace the highlighted word. If the highlighted word has been used correctly then 'No replacement required' will be your right answer choice.
On the "appointed day", as Independence Day was referred to in the Indian Independence Act, 1947, British (tendency) (20) lapsed in India, leading to the formation of two independent dominions- India and Pakistan. Pre- independence India (registered) (21) of state units, provinces and more than 550 (scattered) (22) states. Nearly 114 of these, through the (palpation) (23) of Accession, had already joined India before August 15. The rest had the choice of joining either India or Pakistan, with most deciding to (fled) (24) to the former. From then to now, as India completes 75 years of independence and has 28 States and eight Union Territories, the internal boundaries of the country have (felicitate) (25) several changes with States being reorganized in multiple phases, with different factors behind the revamping of the map.
This question refers to highlighted word (22) in the passage above.
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Answer: (E) No replacement required
Explanation
The word "scattered" functions as an appropriate adjective to describe the geographically dispersed nature of over 550 princely states across India prior to independence. The sentence is grammatically and semantically accurate as written.
23English Language
In the following passage, there are some blanks, followed by highlighted words, each of which has been numbered. The highlighted words may or may not be used correctly for the given blanks. Against each number, four options are given. Find the most appropriate word from the given options which could replace the highlighted word. If the highlighted word has been used correctly then 'No replacement required' will be your right answer choice.
On the "appointed day", as Independence Day was referred to in the Indian Independence Act, 1947, British (tendency) (20) lapsed in India, leading to the formation of two independent dominions- India and Pakistan. Pre- independence India (registered) (21) of state units, provinces and more than 550 (scattered) (22) states. Nearly 114 of these, through the (palpation) (23) of Accession, had already joined India before August 15. The rest had the choice of joining either India or Pakistan, with most deciding to ______ (fled) (24) to the former. From then to now, as India completes 75 years of independence and has 28 States and eight Union Territories, the internal boundaries of the country have ______ (felicitate) (25) several changes with States being reorganized in multiple phases, with different factors behind the revamping of the map.
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Answer: (C) instrument
Explanation
The Instrument of Accession was the legal document signed by the rulers of princely states to accede to either India or Pakistan under the provisions of the Indian Independence Act, 1947.
24English Language
In the following passage, there are some blanks, followed by highlighted words, each of which has been numbered. The highlighted words may or may not be used correctly for the given blanks. Against each number, four options are given. Find the most appropriate word from the given options which could replace the highlighted word. If the highlighted word has been used correctly then 'No replacement required' will be your right answer choice.
On the "appointed day", as Independence Day was referred to in the Indian Independence Act, 1947, British ______ (tendency) (20) lapsed in India, leading to the formation of two independent dominions- India and Pakistan. Pre- independence India ______ (registered) (21) of state units, provinces and more than 550 ______ (scattered) (22) states. Nearly 114 of these, through the ______ (palpation) (23) of Accession, had already joined India before August 15. The rest had the choice of joining either India or Pakistan, with most deciding to ______ (fled) (24) to the former. From then to now, as India completes 75 years of independence and has 28 States and eight Union Territories, the internal boundaries of the country have ______ (felicitate) (25) several changes with States being reorganized in multiple phases, with different factors behind the revamping of the map.
This question refers to highlighted word (24) in the passage above.
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (A) accede
Explanation
The infinitive construction "to accede" appropriately expresses the decision of the princely states to formally join or unite with the Dominion of India.
25English Language
In the following passage, there are some blanks, followed by highlighted words, each of which has been numbered. The highlighted words may or may not be used correctly for the given blanks. Against each number, four options are given. Find the most appropriate word from the given options which could replace the highlighted word. If the highlighted word has been used correctly then 'No replacement required' will be your right answer choice.
On the "appointed day", as Independence Day was referred to in the Indian Independence Act, 1947, British ______ (tendency) (20) lapsed in India, leading to the formation of two independent dominions- India and Pakistan. Pre- independence India ______ (registered) (21) of state units, provinces and more than 550 ______ (scattered) (22) states. Nearly 114 of these, through the ______ (palpation) (23) of Accession, had already joined India before August 15. The rest had the choice of joining either India or Pakistan, with most deciding to ______ (fled) (24) to the former. From then to now, as India completes 75 years of independence and has 28 States and eight Union Territories, the internal boundaries of the country have ______ (felicitate) (25) several changes with States being reorganized in multiple phases, with different factors behind the revamping of the map.
This question refers to highlighted word (25) in the passage above.
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
Show answer & explanationHide answer⌄
Answer: (B) undergone
Explanation
The past participle "undergone" follows the auxiliary verb "have" to form the present perfect tense, meaning to have experienced or undergone changes in internal boundaries over the past 75 years.
26English Language
In the following question, sentences are given with a part in bold. The given phrase in the bold may or may not contain an error. The options following can replace the incorrect phrase. The correct phrase that is to be replaced will be your answer. If the sentences are correct then select 'No improvement required' as your answer.
Although the local languages are different, but our official language is same.
● Correct
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Answer: (C) are different,
Explanation
When a sentence begins with the subordinating conjunction "Although", introducing a subordinate clause, a coordinating conjunction like "but" cannot be used to connect the main clause. Removing "but" maintains proper clause structure and eliminates redundancy.
27English Language
In the following question, sentences are given with a part in bold. The given phrase in the bold may or may not contain an error. The options following can replace the incorrect phrase. The correct phrase that is to be replaced will be your answer. If the sentences are correct then select 'No improvement required' as your answer.
Hungarian authorities should refrain to arbitrary removals of refugees.
● Correct
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Answer: (A) refrain from arbitrary
Explanation
The standard prepositional idiom is "refrain from", which takes a noun or gerund phrase. The plural subject "Hungarian authorities" matches the plural verb form "refrain", followed by "from" and the adjective "arbitrary" modifying "removals".
28English Language
In the following question, sentences are given with a part in bold. The given phrase in the bold may or may not contain an error. The options following can replace the incorrect phrase. The correct phrase that is to be replaced will be your answer. If the sentences are correct then select 'No improvement required' as your answer.
A recent report states that almost 50% of buyers prefer real estate than stocks and gold.
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (B) prefer real estate to
Explanation
In standard English grammar, comparative preferences expressed with the verb "prefer" are followed by the preposition "to". Furthermore, the plural noun phrase "50% of buyers" requires the plural verb form "prefer".
29English Language
In the following question, sentences are given with a part in bold. The given phrase in the bold may or may not contain an error. The options following can replace the incorrect phrase. The correct phrase that is to be replaced will be your answer. If the sentences are correct then select 'No improvement required' as your answer.
The monsoon begins its withdrawal from the last State it reaches.
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (E) No improvement required
Explanation
The singular subject "monsoon" agrees with the singular present tense verb "begins" and the singular possessive pronoun "its". The noun phrase "its withdrawal" is used correctly.
30English Language
In the following question, sentences are given with a part in bold. The given phrase in the bold may or may not contain an error. The options following can replace the incorrect phrase. The correct phrase that is to be replaced will be your answer. If the sentences are correct then select 'No improvement required' as your answer.
Jupiter will be larger and more brighter in the sky this month than it's been in decades.
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (D) and brighter in
Explanation
Comparative forms of single-syllable adjectives are formed by adding "-er". Adding "more" before an already comparative adjective creates an ungrammatical double comparative. The parallel adjectives "larger and brighter" correctly express the comparison, followed by the preposition "in".
31English Language
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below. Some words are highlighted to help you answer some of the questions.
The recent crisis in the healthcare and economic sectors has tested the resilience of all public institutions. Despite its efforts, bureaucracy has emerged as a major concern for the ineffective response to the crisis. This inadequacy is the reflection of the outdated nature of public bureaucracy. In the 21st century, democratic countries are still relying on traditional bureaucracies to perform public policy formulation and implementation roles. Weberian bureaucracy still prefers a generalist over a specialist. A generalist officer is deemed an expert and as a result, superior, even if the officer works in one department or ministry today and in another tomorrow. Specialists in every government department have to remain subordinate to the generalist officers. Healthcare professionals who are specialists have been made to work under generalist officers and the policy options have been left to the generalists when they should be in the hands of the specialists. The justification is that the generalist provides a broader perspective compared to the specialist.
Traditional bureaucracy is still stuck with the leadership of position over leadership of function. The leadership of function is when a person has expert knowledge of a particular responsibility in a particular situation. The role of the leader is to explain the situation instead of issuing orders. Every official involved in a particular role responds to the situation rather than relying on some dictation from someone occupying a particular position. Weberian bureaucracy prefers leadership based on position. Bureaucracy has become an end in itself rather than a means to an end. Further, the rigid adherence to rules has resulted in the rejection of innovation. It isn't surprising to see pandemic aid getting stuck in cumbersome clearance processes even during the pandemic.
The reform often suggested in India is new public management. This as a reform movement promotes privatization and managerial techniques of the private sector as an effective tool to seek improvements in public service delivery and governance. But this isn't a viable solution, not the least in India where there is social inequality and regional variations in development. The most appropriate administrative reform is the model of new public governance. This model is based on collaborative governance in which the public sector, private players and civil society, especially public service organizations (NGOs), work together for effective public service delivery. There is no domination of public bureaucracy as the sole agency in policy formulation and implementation. As part of new public governance, a network of social actors and private players would take responsibility for various aspects of governance with public bureaucracy steering the ship rather than rowing it.
Why does the author argue that the new public management is not a realistic alternative?
● Correct
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Answer: (C) It is impractical due to social disparity and regional differences in advancement.
Explanation
The passage directly attributes the impracticality of new public management in India to prevailing social inequality and regional variations in development, which correspond directly to social disparity and regional differences in advancement.
32English Language
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below. Some words are highlighted to help you answer some of the questions.
The recent crisis in the healthcare and economic sectors has tested the resilience of all public institutions. Despite its efforts, bureaucracy has emerged as a major concern for the ineffective response to the crisis. This inadequacy is the reflection of the outdated nature of public bureaucracy. In the 21st century, democratic countries are still relying on traditional bureaucracies to perform public policy formulation and implementation roles. Weberian bureaucracy still prefers a generalist over a specialist. A generalist officer is deemed an expert and as a result, superior, even if the officer works in one department or ministry today and in another tomorrow. Specialists in every government department have to remain subordinate to the generalist officers. Healthcare professionals who are specialists have been made to work under generalist officers and the policy options have been left to the generalists when they should be in the hands of the specialists. The justification is that the generalist provides a broader perspective compared to the specialist.
Traditional bureaucracy is still stuck with the leadership of position over leadership of function. The leadership of function is when a person has expert knowledge of a particular responsibility in a particular situation. The role of the leader is to explain the situation instead of issuing orders. Every official involved in a particular role responds to the situation rather than relying on some dictation from someone occupying a particular position. Weberian bureaucracy prefers leadership based on position. Bureaucracy has become an end in itself rather than a means to an end. Further, the rigid adherence to rules has resulted in the rejection of innovation. It isn't surprising to see pandemic aid getting stuck in cumbersome clearance processes even during the pandemic.
The reform often suggested in India is new public management. This as a reform movement promotes privatization and managerial techniques of the private sector as an effective tool to seek improvements in public service delivery and governance. But this isn't a viable solution, not the least in India where there is social inequality and regional variations in development. The most appropriate administrative reform is the model of new public governance. This model is based on collaborative governance in which the public sector, private players and civil society, especially public service organizations (NGOs), work together for effective public service delivery. There is no domination of public bureaucracy as the sole agency in policy formulation and implementation. As part of new public governance, a network of social actors and private players would take responsibility for various aspects of governance with public bureaucracy steering the ship rather than rowing it.
How has bureaucracy emerged as a prominent source of concern despite its best efforts?
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (E) All of these
Explanation
The passage explains that bureaucracy became a major concern because its outdated nature reflected inadequacies during the crisis, the bureaucratic response to healthcare concerns was ineffective, and traditional bureaucratic methods continue to be relied upon for public policy implementation.
33English Language
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below. Some words are highlighted to help you answer some of the questions.
The recent crisis in the healthcare and economic sectors has tested the resilience of all public institutions. Despite its efforts, bureaucracy has emerged as a major concern for the ineffective response to the crisis. This inadequacy is the reflection of the outdated nature of public bureaucracy. In the 21st century, democratic countries are still relying on traditional bureaucracies to perform public policy formulation and implementation roles. Weberian bureaucracy still prefers a generalist over a specialist. A generalist officer is deemed an expert and as a result, superior, even if the officer works in one department or ministry today and in another tomorrow. Specialists in every government department have to remain subordinate to the generalist officers. Healthcare professionals who are specialists have been made to work under generalist officers and the policy options have been left to the generalists when they should be in the hands of the specialists. The justification is that the generalist provides a broader perspective compared to the specialist.
Traditional bureaucracy is still stuck with the leadership of position over leadership of function. The leadership of function is when a person has expert knowledge of a particular responsibility in a particular situation. The role of the leader is to explain the situation instead of issuing orders. Every official involved in a particular role responds to the situation rather than relying on some dictation from someone occupying a particular position. Weberian bureaucracy prefers leadership based on position. Bureaucracy has become an end in itself rather than a means to an end. Further, the rigid adherence to rules has resulted in the rejection of innovation. It isn't surprising to see pandemic aid getting stuck in cumbersome clearance processes even during the pandemic.
The reform often suggested in India is new public management. This as a reform movement promotes privatization and managerial techniques of the private sector as an effective tool to seek improvements in public service delivery and governance. But this isn't a viable solution, not the least in India where there is social inequality and regional variations in development. The most appropriate administrative reform is the model of new public governance. This model is based on collaborative governance in which the public sector, private players and civil society, especially public service organizations (NGOs), work together for effective public service delivery. There is no domination of public bureaucracy as the sole agency in policy formulation and implementation. As part of new public governance, a network of social actors and private players would take responsibility for various aspects of governance with public bureaucracy steering the ship rather than rowing it.
Which of the following statements is/are correct about Weberian bureaucracy?
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (B) Officers who are specialists must report to generalist officers.
Explanation
The passage states that specialists in every government department have to remain subordinate to generalist officers, meaning specialist officers must report to and work under generalists.
34English Language
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below. Some words are highlighted to help you answer some of the questions.
The recent crisis in the healthcare and economic sectors has tested the resilience of all public institutions. Despite its efforts, bureaucracy has emerged as a major concern for the ineffective response to the crisis. This inadequacy is the reflection of the outdated nature of public bureaucracy. In the 21st century, democratic countries are still relying on traditional bureaucracies to perform public policy formulation and implementation roles. Weberian bureaucracy still prefers a generalist over a specialist. A generalist officer is deemed an expert and as a result, superior, even if the officer works in one department or ministry today and in another tomorrow. Specialists in every government department have to remain subordinate to the generalist officers. Healthcare professionals who are specialists have been made to work under generalist officers and the policy options have been left to the generalists when they should be in the hands of the specialists. The justification is that the generalist provides a broader perspective compared to the specialist.
Traditional bureaucracy is still stuck with the leadership of position over leadership of function. The leadership of function is when a person has expert knowledge of a particular responsibility in a particular situation. The role of the leader is to explain the situation instead of issuing orders. Every official involved in a particular role responds to the situation rather than relying on some dictation from someone occupying a particular position. Weberian bureaucracy prefers leadership based on position. Bureaucracy has become an end in itself rather than a means to an end. Further, the rigid adherence to rules has resulted in the rejection of innovation. It isn't surprising to see pandemic aid getting stuck in cumbersome clearance processes even during the pandemic.
The reform often suggested in India is new public management. This as a reform movement promotes privatization and managerial techniques of the private sector as an effective tool to seek improvements in public service delivery and governance. But this isn't a viable solution, not the least in India where there is social inequality and regional variations in development. The most appropriate administrative reform is the model of new public governance. This model is based on collaborative governance in which the public sector, private players and civil society, especially public service organizations (NGOs), work together for effective public service delivery. There is no domination of public bureaucracy as the sole agency in policy formulation and implementation. As part of new public governance, a network of social actors and private players would take responsibility for various aspects of governance with public bureaucracy steering the ship rather than rowing it.
How does the author define leadership of function?
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (D) It describes someone who has special insight and is aware of his duty in a certain situation.
Explanation
According to the passage, leadership of function occurs when an individual possesses expert knowledge regarding a specific responsibility in a particular situation, enabling them to understand their duty and explain the circumstances rather than relying on positional dictation.
35English Language
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below. Some words are highlighted to help you answer some of the questions.
The recent crisis in the healthcare and economic sectors has tested the resilience of all public institutions. Despite its efforts, bureaucracy has emerged as a major concern for the ineffective response to the crisis. This inadequacy is the reflection of the outdated nature of public bureaucracy. In the 21st century, democratic countries are still relying on traditional bureaucracies to perform public policy formulation and implementation roles. Weberian bureaucracy still prefers a generalist over a specialist. A generalist officer is deemed an expert and as a result, superior, even if the officer works in one department or ministry today and in another tomorrow. Specialists in every government department have to remain subordinate to the generalist officers. Healthcare professionals who are specialists have been made to work under generalist officers and the policy options have been left to the generalists when they should be in the hands of the specialists. The justification is that the generalist provides a broader perspective compared to the specialist.
Traditional bureaucracy is still stuck with the leadership of position over leadership of function. The leadership of function is when a person has expert knowledge of a particular responsibility in a particular situation. The role of the leader is to explain the situation instead of issuing orders. Every official involved in a particular role responds to the situation rather than relying on some dictation from someone occupying a particular position. Weberian bureaucracy prefers leadership based on position. Bureaucracy has become an end in itself rather than a means to an end. Further, the rigid adherence to rules has resulted in the rejection of innovation. It isn't surprising to see pandemic aid getting stuck in cumbersome clearance processes even during the pandemic.
The reform often suggested in India is new public management. This as a reform movement promotes privatization and managerial techniques of the private sector as an effective tool to seek improvements in public service delivery and governance. But this isn't a viable solution, not the least in India where there is social inequality and regional variations in development. The most appropriate administrative reform is the model of new public governance. This model is based on collaborative governance in which the public sector, private players and civil society, especially public service organizations (NGOs), work together for effective public service delivery. There is no domination of public bureaucracy as the sole agency in policy formulation and implementation. As part of new public governance, a network of social actors and private players would take responsibility for various aspects of governance with public bureaucracy steering the ship rather than rowing it.
Based on the information provided, which one of the following statements is not true?
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (A) Competence and expertise are the foundations of leadership.
Explanation
The passage specifies that traditional Weberian bureaucracy is stuck with leadership based on position rather than leadership of function, which relies on expert knowledge and competence.
36English Language
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below. Some words are highlighted to help you answer some of the questions.
The recent crisis in the healthcare and economic sectors has tested the resilience of all public institutions. Despite its efforts, bureaucracy has emerged as a major concern for the ineffective response to the crisis. This inadequacy is the reflection of the outdated nature of public bureaucracy. In the 21st century, democratic countries are still relying on traditional bureaucracies to perform public policy formulation and implementation roles. Weberian bureaucracy still prefers a generalist over a specialist. A generalist officer is deemed an expert and as a result, superior, even if the officer works in one department or ministry today and in another tomorrow. Specialists in every government department have to remain subordinate to the generalist officers. Healthcare professionals who are specialists have been made to work under generalist officers and the policy options have been left to the generalists when they should be in the hands of the specialists. The justification is that the generalist provides a broader perspective compared to the specialist.
Traditional bureaucracy is still stuck with the leadership of position over leadership of function. The leadership of function is when a person has expert knowledge of a particular responsibility in a particular situation. The role of the leader is to explain the situation instead of issuing orders. Every official involved in a particular role responds to the situation rather than relying on some dictation from someone occupying a particular position. Weberian bureaucracy prefers leadership based on position. Bureaucracy has become an end in itself rather than a means to an end. Further, the rigid adherence to rules has resulted in the rejection of innovation. It isn't surprising to see pandemic aid getting stuck in cumbersome clearance processes even during the pandemic.
The reform often suggested in India is new public management. This as a reform movement promotes privatization and managerial techniques of the private sector as an effective tool to seek improvements in public service delivery and governance. But this isn't a viable solution, not the least in India where there is social inequality and regional variations in development. The most appropriate administrative reform is the model of new public governance. This model is based on collaborative governance in which the public sector, private players and civil society, especially public service organizations (NGOs), work together for effective public service delivery. There is no domination of public bureaucracy as the sole agency in policy formulation and implementation. As part of new public governance, a network of social actors and private players would take responsibility for various aspects of governance with public bureaucracy steering the ship rather than rowing it.
Why is there no public bureaucratic dominance in the new public governance model?
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
Show answer & explanationHide answer⌄
Answer: (D) Both (a) and (b)
Explanation
The new public governance model operates on collaborative governance where the public sector, private players, and civil society organizations work together, creating a multi-stakeholder network that prevents any single public agency from dominating policy formulation and implementation.
37English Language
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below. Some words are highlighted to help you answer some of the questions.
The recent crisis in the healthcare and economic sectors has tested the resilience of all public institutions. Despite its efforts, bureaucracy has emerged as a major concern for the ineffective response to the crisis. This inadequacy is the reflection of the outdated nature of public bureaucracy. In the 21st century, democratic countries are still relying on traditional bureaucracies to perform public policy formulation and implementation roles. Weberian bureaucracy still prefers a generalist over a specialist. A generalist officer is deemed an expert and as a result, superior, even if the officer works in one department or ministry today and in another tomorrow. Specialists in every government department have to remain subordinate to the generalist officers. Healthcare professionals who are specialists have been made to work under generalist officers and the policy options have been left to the generalists when they should be in the hands of the specialists. The justification is that the generalist provides a broader perspective compared to the specialist.
Traditional bureaucracy is still stuck with the leadership of position over leadership of function. The leadership of function is when a person has expert knowledge of a particular responsibility in a particular situation. The role of the leader is to explain the situation instead of issuing orders. Every official involved in a particular role responds to the situation rather than relying on some dictation from someone occupying a particular position. Weberian bureaucracy prefers leadership based on position. Bureaucracy has become an end in itself rather than a means to an end. Further, the rigid adherence to rules has resulted in the rejection of innovation. It isn't surprising to see pandemic aid getting stuck in cumbersome clearance processes even during the pandemic.
The reform often suggested in India is new public management. This as a reform movement promotes privatization and managerial techniques of the private sector as an effective tool to seek improvements in public service delivery and governance. But this isn't a viable solution, not the least in India where there is social inequality and regional variations in development. The most appropriate administrative reform is the model of new public governance. This model is based on collaborative governance in which the public sector, private players and civil society, especially public service organizations (NGOs), work together for effective public service delivery. There is no domination of public bureaucracy as the sole agency in policy formulation and implementation. As part of new public governance, a network of social actors and private players would take responsibility for various aspects of governance with public bureaucracy steering the ship rather than rowing it.
Which of the following factors has/have caused the repudiation of innovation?
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (C) The dismissal of innovation has occurred due to stringent conformity to regulations.
Explanation
The passage directly states that rigid adherence to rules has resulted in the rejection of innovation, meaning that stringent conformity to regulations leads to the dismissal of innovation.
38English Language
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below. Some words are highlighted to help you answer some of the questions.
The recent crisis in the healthcare and economic sectors has tested the resilience of all public institutions. Despite its efforts, bureaucracy has emerged as a major concern for the ineffective response to the crisis. This inadequacy is the reflection of the outdated nature of public bureaucracy. In the 21st century, democratic countries are still relying on traditional bureaucracies to perform public policy formulation and implementation roles. Weberian bureaucracy still prefers a generalist over a specialist. A generalist officer is deemed an expert and as a result, superior, even if the officer works in one department or ministry today and in another tomorrow. Specialists in every government department have to remain subordinate to the generalist officers. Healthcare professionals who are specialists have been made to work under generalist officers and the policy options have been left to the generalists when they should be in the hands of the specialists. The justification is that the generalist provides a broader perspective compared to the specialist.
Traditional bureaucracy is still stuck with the leadership of position over leadership of function. The leadership of function is when a person has expert knowledge of a particular responsibility in a particular situation. The role of the leader is to explain the situation instead of issuing orders. Every official involved in a particular role responds to the situation rather than relying on some dictation from someone occupying a particular position. Weberian bureaucracy prefers leadership based on position. Bureaucracy has become an end in itself rather than a means to an end. Further, the rigid adherence to rules has resulted in the rejection of innovation. It isn't surprising to see pandemic aid getting stuck in cumbersome clearance processes even during the pandemic.
The reform often suggested in India is new public management. This as a reform movement promotes privatization and managerial techniques of the private sector as an effective tool to seek improvements in public service delivery and governance. But this isn't a viable solution, not the least in India where there is social inequality and regional variations in development. The most appropriate administrative reform is the model of new public governance. This model is based on collaborative governance in which the public sector, private players and civil society, especially public service organizations (NGOs), work together for effective public service delivery. There is no domination of public bureaucracy as the sole agency in policy formulation and implementation. As part of new public governance, a network of social actors and private players would take responsibility for various aspects of governance with public bureaucracy steering the ship rather than rowing it.
Choose the most appropriate synonym of the word 'SUPERIOR', as highlighted in the passage.
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
Show answer & explanationHide answer⌄
Answer: (B) elite
Explanation
In the passage, 'superior' describes a generalist officer deemed to hold higher authority and status over specialists, making 'elite' the most appropriate synonym denoting higher status or rank.
39English Language
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below. Some words are highlighted to help you answer some of the questions.
The recent crisis in the healthcare and economic sectors has tested the resilience of all public institutions. Despite its efforts, bureaucracy has emerged as a major concern for the ineffective response to the crisis. This inadequacy is the reflection of the outdated nature of public bureaucracy. In the 21st century, democratic countries are still relying on traditional bureaucracies to perform public policy formulation and implementation roles. Weberian bureaucracy still prefers a generalist over a specialist. A generalist officer is deemed an expert and as a result, superior, even if the officer works in one department or ministry today and in another tomorrow. Specialists in every government department have to remain subordinate to the generalist officers. Healthcare professionals who are specialists have been made to work under generalist officers and the policy options have been left to the generalists when they should be in the hands of the specialists. The justification is that the generalist provides a broader perspective compared to the specialist.
Traditional bureaucracy is still stuck with the leadership of position over leadership of function. The leadership of function is when a person has expert knowledge of a particular responsibility in a particular situation. The role of the leader is to explain the situation instead of issuing orders. Every official involved in a particular role responds to the situation rather than relying on some dictation from someone occupying a particular position. Weberian bureaucracy prefers leadership based on position. Bureaucracy has become an end in itself rather than a means to an end. Further, the rigid adherence to rules has resulted in the rejection of innovation. It isn't surprising to see pandemic aid getting stuck in cumbersome clearance processes even during the pandemic.
The reform often suggested in India is new public management. This as a reform movement promotes privatization and managerial techniques of the private sector as an effective tool to seek improvements in public service delivery and governance. But this isn't a viable solution, not the least in India where there is social inequality and regional variations in development. The most appropriate administrative reform is the model of new public governance. This model is based on collaborative governance in which the public sector, private players and civil society, especially public service organizations (NGOs), work together for effective public service delivery. There is no domination of public bureaucracy as the sole agency in policy formulation and implementation. As part of new public governance, a network of social actors and private players would take responsibility for various aspects of governance with public bureaucracy steering the ship rather than rowing it.
Choose the most appropriate antonym of the word 'CUMBERSOME', as highlighted in the given passage.
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
Show answer & explanationHide answer⌄
Answer: (A) convenient
Explanation
The word 'cumbersome' refers to processes that are slow, complicated, or burdensome. 'Convenient' serves as the exact opposite, describing something that is easy, efficient, and manageable.
40English Language
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below. Some words are highlighted to help you answer some of the questions.
The recent crisis in the healthcare and economic sectors has tested the resilience of all public institutions. Despite its efforts, bureaucracy has emerged as a major concern for the ineffective response to the crisis. This inadequacy is the reflection of the outdated nature of public bureaucracy. In the 21st century, democratic countries are still relying on traditional bureaucracies to perform public policy formulation and implementation roles. Weberian bureaucracy still prefers a generalist over a specialist. A generalist officer is deemed an expert and as a result, superior, even if the officer works in one department or ministry today and in another tomorrow. Specialists in every government department have to remain subordinate to the generalist officers. Healthcare professionals who are specialists have been made to work under generalist officers and the policy options have been left to the generalists when they should be in the hands of the specialists. The justification is that the generalist provides a broader perspective compared to the specialist.
Traditional bureaucracy is still stuck with the leadership of position over leadership of function. The leadership of function is when a person has expert knowledge of a particular responsibility in a particular situation. The role of the leader is to explain the situation instead of issuing orders. Every official involved in a particular role responds to the situation rather than relying on some dictation from someone occupying a particular position. Weberian bureaucracy prefers leadership based on position. Bureaucracy has become an end in itself rather than a means to an end. Further, the rigid adherence to rules has resulted in the rejection of innovation. It isn't surprising to see pandemic aid getting stuck in cumbersome clearance processes even during the pandemic.
The reform often suggested in India is new public management. This as a reform movement promotes privatization and managerial techniques of the private sector as an effective tool to seek improvements in public service delivery and governance. But this isn't a viable solution, not the least in India where there is social inequality and regional variations in development. The most appropriate administrative reform is the model of new public governance. This model is based on collaborative governance in which the public sector, private players and civil society, especially public service organizations (NGOs), work together for effective public service delivery. There is no domination of public bureaucracy as the sole agency in policy formulation and implementation. As part of new public governance, a network of social actors and private players would take responsibility for various aspects of governance with public bureaucracy steering the ship rather than rowing it.
Choose the most appropriate synonym of the word 'DOMINATION', as highlighted in the passage.
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
Show answer & explanationHide answer⌄
Answer: (C) ascendancy
Explanation
In the passage, 'domination' refers to the governing power or sole agency control exercised by public bureaucracy. 'Ascendancy' means a position of dominant power, supreme influence, or control, making it the precise synonym.
41English Language
In each of the questions given below four words are given in bold. These four words may or may not be in their correct position. The sentence is then followed by options with the correct combination of words that should interchange with each other in order to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct. Find the correct combination of the words that replace each other. If the sentence is correct as it is then select 'No interchange required' as your choice.
The launch was monitored (A) by labs (B) scientists from various senior (C) involved in the design and development (D) of the system.
● Correct
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Answer: (B) Only (B) - (C)
Explanation
The noun phrase "senior scientists" correctly describes the people carrying out the monitoring, while "various labs" provides the appropriate location context. Interchanging the words placed at positions B and C restores the intended meaning: "The launch was monitored by senior scientists from various labs involved in the design and development of the system."
42English Language
In each of the questions given below four words are given in bold. These four words may or may not be in their correct position. The sentence is then followed by options with the correct combination of words that should interchange with each other in order to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct. Find the correct combination of the words that replace each other. If the sentence is correct as it is then select 'No interchange required' as your choice.
Our decades (A) is based on a solid continue (B) and it will foundation (C) to grow over the coming cooperation (D).
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Answer: (D) Both (A) - (D) and (B) - (C)
Explanation
The noun "cooperation" correctly serves as the subject at position A, "foundation" acts as the noun object following "solid" at position C, "continue" functions as the main verb after "will" at position B, and "decades" completes the time phrase at position D. Swapping both (A)-(D) and (B)-(C) yields the grammatically sound sentence: "Our cooperation is based on a solid foundation and it will continue to grow over the coming decades."
43English Language
In each of the questions given below four words are given in bold. These four words may or may not be in their correct position. The sentence is then followed by options with the correct combination of words that should interchange with each other in order to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct. Find the correct combination of the words that replace each other. If the sentence is correct as it is then select 'No interchange required' as your choice.
When the first plan (A) for Chabahar was signed (B) by then Prime Minister, the agreement (C) had a three-fold objective (D).
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Answer: (A) Only (A) -(C)
Explanation
In formal context, an "agreement" is signed by officials, whereas a "plan" consists of goals or objectives. Interchanging positions A and C results in the grammatically precise sentence: "When the first agreement for Chabahar was signed by then Prime Minister, the plan had a three-fold objective."
44English Language
In each of the questions given below four words are given in bold. These four words may or may not be in their correct position. The sentence is then followed by options with the correct combination of words that should interchange with each other in order to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct. Find the correct combination of the words that replace each other. If the sentence is correct as it is then select 'No interchange required' as your choice.
China has been accused (A) of cyberattacks infrastructure (B) at collecting information (C) of a sovereign's critical aimed (D).
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Answer: (B) Only (B) -(D)
Explanation
The participle "aimed" modifies "cyberattacks" to show purpose ("aimed at collecting information"), while "infrastructure" completes the noun phrase "critical infrastructure". Interchanging positions B and D yields the logical sentence: "China has been accused of cyberattacks aimed at collecting information of a sovereign's critical infrastructure."
45English Language
In each of the questions given below four words are given in bold. These four words may or may not be in their correct position. The sentence is then followed by options with the correct combination of words that should interchange with each other in order to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct. Find the correct combination of the words that replace each other. If the sentence is correct as it is then select 'No interchange required' as your choice.
improvements (A) has led to major science (B) in welfare (C) and public health and technology (D).
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Answer: (C) Both (A) -(B) and (C) -(D)
Explanation
The singular subject "science" agrees with the singular auxiliary verb "has led", and "improvements" functions naturally as the object. Additionally, swapping the positions of "welfare" and "technology" produces a parallel listing of domains: "technology and public health and welfare". The fully corrected sentence reads: "Science has led to major improvements in technology and public health and welfare."
46English Language
In the given question a sentence is divided in four parts. Three out of four parts have errors. Find out which part of the sentence is error- free. If all parts have errors, then choose 'All are incorrect' as your answer. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)
Last week, the Union government introduce the GST regime through (A) / the 101st constitution Amendment; it did so (B) / based on an underlying believe that tax (C) / administration across India needed unification (D)
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Answer: (D) D
Explanation
The phrase "administration across India needed unification" is completely error-free. The other parts contain errors: part A uses the present tense verb "introduce" instead of the past tense "introduced" required by "Last week"; part B uses the noun "constitution" instead of the proper adjective "Constitutional"; and part C uses the verb "believe" instead of the required noun "belief".
47English Language
In the given question a sentence is divided in four parts. Three out of four parts have errors. Find out which part of the sentence is error- free. If all parts have errors, then choose 'All are incorrect' as your answer. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)
The suddenly turnaround in the (A) / export policy appear to be (B) / on account of fears that low public procurement (C) / would affected domestic food security (D)
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Answer: (C) C
Explanation
The phrase "on account of fears that low public procurement" is structurally and contextually error-free. The remaining parts contain errors: part A incorrectly uses the adverb "suddenly" instead of the adjective "sudden" to modify "turnaround"; part B uses the plural verb "appear" instead of singular "appears" for the singular subject "turnaround"; and part D incorrectly uses the past tense verb "affected" instead of base form "affect" after modal verb "would".
48English Language
In the given question a sentence is divided in four parts. Three out of four parts have errors. Find out which part of the sentence is error- free. If all parts have errors, then choose 'All are incorrect' as your answer. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)
As children grow and its bodies (A) / change, the length of the eyeball and (B) / its power to refract light does not (C) / always align, leading to vision who is blurry (D).
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Answer: (B) B
Explanation
The text "change, the length of the eyeball and" contains no grammatical errors. The other parts contain clear mistakes: part A uses the singular pronoun "its" to refer to plural "children" instead of "their"; part C uses singular verb "does" for a compound plural subject joined by "and" instead of plural "do"; and part D incorrectly uses the relative pronoun "who" instead of "which" or "that" to refer to the non-human noun "vision".
49English Language
Rearrange the following statements in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions given below.
(A) The advisory further stated that all students and teachers at the schools must obey the guidelines to contain the spread.
(B) Meanwhile, parents have demanded that schools return to the hybrid model of classes with an option to attend classes online.
(C) Among other things, it sought separate entry and exit to the school premises and staggered timings and entries in the events of fairs.
(D) The spurt in viral cases over the past few days has prompted the district health department to issue an advisory to schools.
(E) It has triggered demands for thermal scanning, physical separation, and the wearing of masks on school premises.
Which of the following will be the SECOND sentence after Rearrangement?
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Answer: (E) E
Explanation
To determine the correct sequence of the paragraph:
Statement D introduces the central context, explaining that a sudden rise in viral cases led the district health department to issue an advisory to schools.
Statement E logically follows as the second sentence, describing the immediate requirements and demands (such as thermal scanning, physical separation, and mask usage) triggered on school premises in response to the situation.
Statement C expands on the specific terms outlined in the advisory (separate entries, exits, and staggered timings). Statement A adds further instructions demanding compliance from students and teachers, while Statement B concludes the passage with the parents' reaction advocating for a hybrid learning model.
The complete coherent sequence is D-E-C-A-B, making E the second sentence.
50English Language
Rearrange the following statements in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions given below.
(A) The advisory further stated that all students and teachers at the schools must obey the guidelines to contain the spread.
(B) Meanwhile, parents have demanded that schools return to the hybrid model of classes with an option to attend classes online.
(C) Among other things, it sought separate entry and exit to the school premises and staggered timings and entries in the events of fairs.
(D) The spurt in viral cases over the past few days has prompted the district health department to issue an advisory to schools.
(E) It has triggered demands for thermal scanning, physical separation, and the wearing of masks on school premises.
Which of the following will be the THIRD sentence after Rearrangement?
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Answer: (A) A
Explanation
Sentence C presents the initial measures specified in the advisory, and sentence A follows as the third sentence by expanding on those directives with the connective phrase "further stated" to mandate student and teacher compliance.
