Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Governments looking for easy popularity have frequently been tempted into announcing give-aways of all sorts; free electricity, virtually free water, subsidized food, cloth at half price, and so on. The subsidy culture has gone to extremes. The richest farmers in the country get subsidized fertilizers. University education, typically accessed by the wealthier sections, is charged at a fraction of cost. Postal services are subsidized, and so are railway services. Bus fares cannot be raised to economical levels because there will be violent protests, so bus travel is subsidized too. In the past, price control on a variety of items, from steel to cement, meant that industrial consumer of these items got them at less than actual cost, while the losses of the public sector companies that produced them were borne by the taxpayer! A study done a few years ago, came to the conclusion that subsidies in the Indian economy total as much as 14.5 per cent of gross domestic product. At today's level, that would work out to about Rs. 1,50,000 crore.
And who pay the bill? The theory-and the political fiction on the basis of which it is sold to unsuspecting voters-is that subsidies go the poor, and are paid for by the rich. The fact is that most subsidies go the 'rich' (defined in the Indian context as those who are above the poverty line), and much of the tab goes indirectly to the poor. Because the hefty subsidy bill results in fiscal deficits, which in turn push up rates of inflation-which, as everyone knows, hits the poor the hardest of all. That is why taxmen call inflation the most regressive form of taxation.
The entire subsidy system is built on the these is that people cannot help themselves, therefore governments must do so. That people cannot afford to pay for variety of goods and services, and therefore the government must step in. This thesis has been applied not just in the poor countries but in the rich ones as well; hence the birth of the welfare state in the west, and an almost Utopian social security system; free medical care, food aid, old age security, etc. But with the passage of time, most of the wealthy nations have discovered that their economies cannot sustain this social safety net, which in fact reduces the desire among people to pay their own way, and takes away some of the incentives to work, in short, the bill was unaffordable, and their societies were simply not willing to pay. To the regret of many, but because of the laws of economies are harsh, most Western societies have been busy pruning the welfare bill.
In India, the lessons of this experience over several decades, and in many countries-do not seem to have been learnt. Or they are simply ignored in the pursuit of immediate votes. People who are promised cheap food or clothing do not in most cases look beyond the gift horses-to the question of who picks up the tab. The uproar over higher petrol, diesel and cooking gas prices ignored this basic question; if the user of cooking gas does not want to pay for its cost, who should pay? Diesel in the country is subsidised, and if the user of cooking gas does not want to pay for its full cost, who does he or she think should pay the balance of the cost? It is a simple question, nevertheless it remains unasked.
The Deva Gowda government had shown some courage in biting the bullet when it comes to the price of petroleum products. But it has been bitten by much bigger subsidy bug. It wants to offer food at half its cost to everyone below the poverty line, supposedly estimated at some 380 million people. What will be the cost? And of course, who will pick up the tab? The Andhra Pradesh Government has been bankrupted by selling rice as Rs. 2 per Kg. Should the Central Government be bankrupted too, before facing up to the question of what is affordable and what is not? Already, India is perennially short of power because the subsidy on electricity has bankrupted most electricity boards, and made private investment wary unless it gets all manner of state guarantees. Delhi's subsidised bus fares have bankrupted the Delhi Transport Corporation, whose buses have slowly disappeared from the capital's streets. It is easy to be soft and sentimental, by looking at programmes that will be popular. After all, who does 'not like a free lunch'? But the evidence is surely mounting that the lunch isn't free at all. Somebody is paying the bill. And if you want to know who, take at the country's poor economic performance over the years.
Which of the following should not be subsidised over the years?
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
Show answer & explanationHide answer⌄
Answer: (E) All of the above options
Explanation
Throughout the text, the author highlights how indiscriminate subsidies across various sectors—such as higher education, postal services, price-controlled industrial inputs like steel and cement, transport, and utilities—distort economic incentives and lead to massive fiscal deficits. The central argument posits that widespread giveaways and price controls are economically unsustainable and harmful to long-term national development, making all these listed items subjects of the author's critique against subsidization.
2English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Governments looking for easy popularity have frequently been tempted into announcing give-aways of all sorts; free electricity, virtually free water, subsidized food, cloth at half price, and so on. The subsidy culture has gone to extremes. The richest farmers in the country get subsidized fertilizers. University education, typically accessed by the wealthier sections, is charged at a fraction of cost. Postal services are subsidized, and so are railway services. Bus fares cannot be raised to economical levels because there will be violent protests, so bus travel is subsidized too. In the past, price control on a variety of items, from steel to cement, meant that industrial consumer of these items got them at less than actual cost, while the losses of the public sector companies that produced them were borne by the taxpayer! A study done a few years ago, came to the conclusion that subsidies in the Indian economy total as much as 14.5 per cent of gross domestic product. At today's level, that would work out to about Rs. 1,50,000 crore.
And who pay the bill? The theory-and the political fiction on the basis of which it is sold to unsuspecting voters-is that subsidies go the poor, and are paid for by the rich. The fact is that most subsidies go the 'rich' (defined in the Indian context as those who are above the poverty line), and much of the tab goes indirectly to the poor. Because the hefty subsidy bill results in fiscal deficits, which in turn push up rates of inflation-which, as everyone knows, hits the poor the hardest of all. That is why taxmen call inflation the most regressive form of taxation.
The entire subsidy system is built on the these is that people cannot help themselves, therefore governments must do so. That people cannot afford to pay for variety of goods and services, and therefore the government must step in. This thesis has been applied not just in the poor countries but in the rich ones as well; hence the birth of the welfare state in the west, and an almost Utopian social security system; free medical care, food aid, old age security, etc. But with the passage of time, most of the wealthy nations have discovered that their economies cannot sustain this social safety net, which in fact reduces the desire among people to pay their own way, and takes away some of the incentives to work, in short, the bill was unaffordable, and their societies were simply not willing to pay. To the regret of many, but because of the laws of economies are harsh, most Western societies have been busy pruning the welfare bill.
In India, the lessons of this experience over several decades, and in many countries-do not seem to have been learnt. Or they are simply ignored in the pursuit of immediate votes. People who are promised cheap food or clothing do not in most cases look beyond the gift horses-to the question of who picks up the tab. The uproar over higher petrol, diesel and cooking gas prices ignored this basic question; if the user of cooking gas does not want to pay for its cost, who should pay? Diesel in the country is subsidised, and if the user of cooking gas does not want to pay for its full cost, who does he or she think should pay the balance of the cost? It is a simple question, nevertheless it remains unasked.
The Deva Gowda government had shown some courage in biting the bullet when it comes to the price of petroleum products. But it has been bitten by much bigger subsidy bug. It wants to offer food at half its cost to everyone below the poverty line, supposedly estimated at some 380 million people. What will be the cost? And of course, who will pick up the tab? The Andhra Pradesh Government has been bankrupted by selling rice as Rs. 2 per Kg. Should the Central Government be bankrupted too, before facing up to the question of what is affordable and what is not? Already, India is perennially short of power because the subsidy on electricity has bankrupted most electricity boards, and made private investment wary unless it gets all manner of state guarantees. Delhi's subsidised bus fares have bankrupted the Delhi Transport Corporation, whose buses have slowly disappeared from the capital's streets. It is easy to be soft and sentimental, by looking at programmes that will be popular. After all, who does 'not like a free lunch'? But the evidence is surely mounting that the lunch isn't free at all. Somebody is paying the bill. And if you want to know who, take at the country's poor economic performance over the years.
The statement that 'subsidies are paid by the rich and go to the poor' is:
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
Show answer & explanationHide answer⌄
Answer: (D) fiction, according to the author
Explanation
The author characterizes the idea that subsidies benefit the poor at the expense of the rich as a political fiction used to mislead voters. In reality, as detailed in the text, the majority of subsidies directly benefit wealthier individuals above the poverty line, while the resulting fiscal deficit generates inflation that disproportionately burdens the poor.
3English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Governments looking for easy popularity have frequently been tempted into announcing give-aways of all sorts; free electricity, virtually free water, subsidized food, cloth at half price, and so on. The subsidy culture has gone to extremes. The richest farmers in the country get subsidized fertilizers. University education, typically accessed by the wealthier sections, is charged at a fraction of cost. Postal services are subsidized, and so are railway services. Bus fares cannot be raised to economical levels because there will be violent protests, so bus travel is subsidized too. In the past, price control on a variety of items, from steel to cement, meant that industrial consumer of these items got them at less than actual cost, while the losses of the public sector companies that produced them were borne by the taxpayer! A study done a few years ago, came to the conclusion that subsidies in the Indian economy total as much as 14.5 per cent of gross domestic product. At today's level, that would work out to about Rs. 1,50,000 crore.
And who pay the bill? The theory-and the political fiction on the basis of which it is sold to unsuspecting voters-is that subsidies go the poor, and are paid for by the rich. The fact is that most subsidies go the 'rich' (defined in the Indian context as those who are above the poverty line), and much of the tab goes indirectly to the poor. Because the hefty subsidy bill results in fiscal deficits, which in turn push up rates of inflation-which, as everyone knows, hits the poor the hardest of all. That is why taxmen call inflation the most regressive form of taxation.
The entire subsidy system is built on the these is that people cannot help themselves, therefore governments must do so. That people cannot afford to pay for variety of goods and services, and therefore the government must step in. This thesis has been applied not just in the poor countries but in the rich ones as well; hence the birth of the welfare state in the west, and an almost Utopian social security system; free medical care, food aid, old age security, etc. But with the passage of time, most of the wealthy nations have discovered that their economies cannot sustain this social safety net, which in fact reduces the desire among people to pay their own way, and takes away some of the incentives to work, in short, the bill was unaffordable, and their societies were simply not willing to pay. To the regret of many, but because of the laws of economies are harsh, most Western societies have been busy pruning the welfare bill.
In India, the lessons of this experience over several decades, and in many countries-do not seem to have been learnt. Or they are simply ignored in the pursuit of immediate votes. People who are promised cheap food or clothing do not in most cases look beyond the gift horses-to the question of who picks up the tab. The uproar over higher petrol, diesel and cooking gas prices ignored this basic question; if the user of cooking gas does not want to pay for its cost, who should pay? Diesel in the country is subsidised, and if the user of cooking gas does not want to pay for its full cost, who does he or she think should pay the balance of the cost? It is a simple question, nevertheless it remains unasked.
The Deva Gowda government had shown some courage in biting the bullet when it comes to the price of petroleum products. But it has been bitten by much bigger subsidy bug. It wants to offer food at half its cost to everyone below the poverty line, supposedly estimated at some 380 million people. What will be the cost? And of course, who will pick up the tab? The Andhra Pradesh Government has been bankrupted by selling rice as Rs. 2 per Kg. Should the Central Government be bankrupted too, before facing up to the question of what is affordable and what is not? Already, India is perennially short of power because the subsidy on electricity has bankrupted most electricity boards, and made private investment wary unless it gets all manner of state guarantees. Delhi's subsidised bus fares have bankrupted the Delhi Transport Corporation, whose buses have slowly disappeared from the capital's streets. It is easy to be soft and sentimental, by looking at programmes that will be popular. After all, who does 'not like a free lunch'? But the evidence is surely mounting that the lunch isn't free at all. Somebody is paying the bill. And if you want to know who, take at the country's poor economic performance over the years.
Why do you think that the author calls the Western social security system Utopian?
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
Show answer & explanationHide answer⌄
Answer: (A) The countries belief in the efficacy of the system was bound to turn out to be false.
Explanation
The term Utopian refers to an ideal vision that is impractical in reality. The author notes that while Western nations established comprehensive social security systems offering free medical care, food aid, and old age support under the assumption that such welfare states were sustainable, time proved this belief false. These systems created unaffordable financial burdens and reduced work incentives, ultimately forcing those nations to reduce welfare spending.
4English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Governments looking for easy popularity have frequently been tempted into announcing give-aways of all sorts; free electricity, virtually free water, subsidized food, cloth at half price, and so on. The subsidy culture has gone to extremes. The richest farmers in the country get subsidized fertilizers. University education, typically accessed by the wealthier sections, is charged at a fraction of cost. Postal services are subsidized, and so are railway services. Bus fares cannot be raised to economical levels because there will be violent protests, so bus travel is subsidized too. In the past, price control on a variety of items, from steel to cement, meant that industrial consumer of these items got them at less than actual cost, while the losses of the public sector companies that produced them were borne by the taxpayer! A study done a few years ago, came to the conclusion that subsidies in the Indian economy total as much as 14.5 per cent of gross domestic product. At today's level, that would work out to about Rs. 1,50,000 crore.
And who pay the bill? The theory-and the political fiction on the basis of which it is sold to unsuspecting voters-is that subsidies go the poor, and are paid for by the rich. The fact is that most subsidies go the 'rich' (defined in the Indian context as those who are above the poverty line), and much of the tab goes indirectly to the poor. Because the hefty subsidy bill results in fiscal deficits, which in turn push up rates of inflation-which, as everyone knows, hits the poor the hardest of all. That is why taxmen call inflation the most regressive form of taxation.
The entire subsidy system is built on the these is that people cannot help themselves, therefore governments must do so. That people cannot afford to pay for variety of goods and services, and therefore the government must step in. This thesis has been applied not just in the poor countries but in the rich ones as well; hence the birth of the welfare state in the west, and an almost Utopian social security system; free medical care, food aid, old age security, etc. But with the passage of time, most of the wealthy nations have discovered that their economies cannot sustain this social safety net, which in fact reduces the desire among people to pay their own way, and takes away some of the incentives to work, in short, the bill was unaffordable, and their societies were simply not willing to pay. To the regret of many, but because of the laws of economies are harsh, most Western societies have been busy pruning the welfare bill.
In India, the lessons of this experience over several decades, and in many countries-do not seem to have been learnt. Or they are simply ignored in the pursuit of immediate votes. People who are promised cheap food or clothing do not in most cases look beyond the gift horses-to the question of who picks up the tab. The uproar over higher petrol, diesel and cooking gas prices ignored this basic question; if the user of cooking gas does not want to pay for its cost, who should pay? Diesel in the country is subsidised, and if the user of cooking gas does not want to pay for its full cost, who does he or she think should pay the balance of the cost? It is a simple question, nevertheless it remains unasked.
The Deva Gowda government had shown some courage in biting the bullet when it comes to the price of petroleum products. But it has been bitten by much bigger subsidy bug. It wants to offer food at half its cost to everyone below the poverty line, supposedly estimated at some 380 million people. What will be the cost? And of course, who will pick up the tab? The Andhra Pradesh Government has been bankrupted by selling rice as Rs. 2 per Kg. Should the Central Government be bankrupted too, before facing up to the question of what is affordable and what is not? Already, India is perennially short of power because the subsidy on electricity has bankrupted most electricity boards, and made private investment wary unless it gets all manner of state guarantees. Delhi's subsidised bus fares have bankrupted the Delhi Transport Corporation, whose buses have slowly disappeared from the capital's streets. It is easy to be soft and sentimental, by looking at programmes that will be popular. After all, who does 'not like a free lunch'? But the evidence is surely mounting that the lunch isn't free at all. Somebody is paying the bill. And if you want to know who, take at the country's poor economic performance over the years.
It can be inferred from the passage that the author
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
Show answer & explanationHide answer⌄
Answer: (B) believes that the theory of helping with subsidy is very destructive.
Explanation
The passage presents a detailed critique showing that state subsidization leads to severe economic distress, including mounting fiscal deficits, high inflation, insolvency of public utilities, and reduced overall economic performance. The author maintains that attempting to assist citizens through state-funded subsidies creates long-term structural harm rather than genuine prosperity.
5English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Governments looking for easy popularity have frequently been tempted into announcing give-aways of all sorts; free electricity, virtually free water, subsidized food, cloth at half price, and so on. The subsidy culture has gone to extremes. The richest farmers in the country get subsidized fertilizers. University education, typically accessed by the wealthier sections, is charged at a fraction of cost. Postal services are subsidized, and so are railway services. Bus fares cannot be raised to economical levels because there will be violent protests, so bus travel is subsidized too. In the past, price control on a variety of items, from steel to cement, meant that industrial consumer of these items got them at less than actual cost, while the losses of the public sector companies that produced them were borne by the taxpayer! A study done a few years ago, came to the conclusion that subsidies in the Indian economy total as much as 14.5 per cent of gross domestic product. At today's level, that would work out to about Rs. 1,50,000 crore.
And who pay the bill? The theory-and the political fiction on the basis of which it is sold to unsuspecting voters-is that subsidies go the poor, and are paid for by the rich. The fact is that most subsidies go the 'rich' (defined in the Indian context as those who are above the poverty line), and much of the tab goes indirectly to the poor. Because the hefty subsidy bill results in fiscal deficits, which in turn push up rates of inflation-which, as everyone knows, hits the poor the hardest of all. That is why taxmen call inflation the most regressive form of taxation.
The entire subsidy system is built on the these is that people cannot help themselves, therefore governments must do so. That people cannot afford to pay for variety of goods and services, and therefore the government must step in. This thesis has been applied not just in the poor countries but in the rich ones as well; hence the birth of the welfare state in the west, and an almost Utopian social security system; free medical care, food aid, old age security, etc. But with the passage of time, most of the wealthy nations have discovered that their economies cannot sustain this social safety net, which in fact reduces the desire among people to pay their own way, and takes away some of the incentives to work, in short, the bill was unaffordable, and their societies were simply not willing to pay. To the regret of many, but because of the laws of economies are harsh, most Western societies have been busy pruning the welfare bill.
In India, the lessons of this experience over several decades, and in many countries-do not seem to have been learnt. Or they are simply ignored in the pursuit of immediate votes. People who are promised cheap food or clothing do not in most cases look beyond the gift horses-to the question of who picks up the tab. The uproar over higher petrol, diesel and cooking gas prices ignored this basic question; if the user of cooking gas does not want to pay for its cost, who should pay? Diesel in the country is subsidised, and if the user of cooking gas does not want to pay for its full cost, who does he or she think should pay the balance of the cost? It is a simple question, nevertheless it remains unasked.
The Deva Gowda government had shown some courage in biting the bullet when it comes to the price of petroleum products. But it has been bitten by much bigger subsidy bug. It wants to offer food at half its cost to everyone below the poverty line, supposedly estimated at some 380 million people. What will be the cost? And of course, who will pick up the tab? The Andhra Pradesh Government has been bankrupted by selling rice as Rs. 2 per Kg. Should the Central Government be bankrupted too, before facing up to the question of what is affordable and what is not? Already, India is perennially short of power because the subsidy on electricity has bankrupted most electricity boards, and made private investment wary unless it gets all manner of state guarantees. Delhi's subsidised bus fares have bankrupted the Delhi Transport Corporation, whose buses have slowly disappeared from the capital's streets. It is easy to be soft and sentimental, by looking at programmes that will be popular. After all, who does 'not like a free lunch'? But the evidence is surely mounting that the lunch isn't free at all. Somebody is paying the bill. And if you want to know who, take at the country's poor economic performance over the years.
Which of the following is not a victim of extreme subsidies?
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
Show answer & explanationHide answer⌄
Answer: (E) The rich
Explanation
According to the passage, affluent sections of society benefit directly from subsidized university education, fertilizers, and other price-controlled services. Because subsidies primarily accrue to those above the poverty line, wealthy individuals gain from the system rather than suffering as victims of extreme subsidy policies.
6English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Governments looking for easy popularity have frequently been tempted into announcing give-aways of all sorts; free electricity, virtually free water, subsidized food, cloth at half price, and so on. The subsidy culture has gone to extremes. The richest farmers in the country get subsidized fertilizers. University education, typically accessed by the wealthier sections, is charged at a fraction of cost. Postal services are subsidized, and so are railway services. Bus fares cannot be raised to economical levels because there will be violent protests, so bus travel is subsidized too. In the past, price control on a variety of items, from steel to cement, meant that industrial consumer of these items got them at less than actual cost, while the losses of the public sector companies that produced them were borne by the taxpayer! A study done a few years ago, came to the conclusion that subsidies in the Indian economy total as much as 14.5 per cent of gross domestic product. At today's level, that would work out to about Rs. 1,50,000 crore.
And who pay the bill? The theory-and the political fiction on the basis of which it is sold to unsuspecting voters-is that subsidies go the poor, and are paid for by the rich. The fact is that most subsidies go the 'rich' (defined in the Indian context as those who are above the poverty line), and much of the tab goes indirectly to the poor. Because the hefty subsidy bill results in fiscal deficits, which in turn push up rates of inflation-which, as everyone knows, hits the poor the hardest of all. That is why taxmen call inflation the most regressive form of taxation.
The entire subsidy system is built on the these is that people cannot help themselves, therefore governments must do so. That people cannot afford to pay for variety of goods and services, and therefore the government must step in. This thesis has been applied not just in the poor countries but in the rich ones as well; hence the birth of the welfare state in the west, and an almost Utopian social security system; free medical care, food aid, old age security, etc. But with the passage of time, most of the wealthy nations have discovered that their economies cannot sustain this social safety net, which in fact reduces the desire among people to pay their own way, and takes away some of the incentives to work, in short, the bill was unaffordable, and their societies were simply not willing to pay. To the regret of many, but because of the laws of economies are harsh, most Western societies have been busy pruning the welfare bill.
In India, the lessons of this experience over several decades, and in many countries-do not seem to have been learnt. Or they are simply ignored in the pursuit of immediate votes. People who are promised cheap food or clothing do not in most cases look beyond the gift horses-to the question of who picks up the tab. The uproar over higher petrol, diesel and cooking gas prices ignored this basic question; if the user of cooking gas does not want to pay for its cost, who should pay? Diesel in the country is subsidised, and if the user of cooking gas does not want to pay for its full cost, who does he or she think should pay the balance of the cost? It is a simple question, nevertheless it remains unasked.
The Deva Gowda government had shown some courage in biting the bullet when it comes to the price of petroleum products. But it has been bitten by much bigger subsidy bug. It wants to offer food at half its cost to everyone below the poverty line, supposedly estimated at some 380 million people. What will be the cost? And of course, who will pick up the tab? The Andhra Pradesh Government has been bankrupted by selling rice as Rs. 2 per Kg. Should the Central Government be bankrupted too, before facing up to the question of what is affordable and what is not? Already, India is perennially short of power because the subsidy on electricity has bankrupted most electricity boards, and made private investment wary unless it gets all manner of state guarantees. Delhi's subsidised bus fares have bankrupted the Delhi Transport Corporation, whose buses have slowly disappeared from the capital's streets. It is easy to be soft and sentimental, by looking at programmes that will be popular. After all, who does 'not like a free lunch'? But the evidence is surely mounting that the lunch isn't free at all. Somebody is paying the bill. And if you want to know who, take at the country's poor economic performance over the years.
Which of the following is not true in the context of the passage?
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
Show answer & explanationHide answer⌄
Answer: (C) Experts call subsidies the most regressive form of taxation.
Explanation
The text asserts that heavy subsidy spending causes fiscal deficits, which drive up inflation rates. Because inflation hits lower-income households hardest, tax experts describe inflation itself as the most regressive form of taxation, rather than directly applying that term to subsidies.
7English Language
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Governments looking for easy popularity have frequently been tempted into announcing give-aways of all sorts; free electricity, virtually free water, subsidized food, cloth at half price, and so on. The subsidy culture has gone to extremes. The richest farmers in the country get subsidized fertilizers. University education, typically accessed by the wealthier sections, is charged at a fraction of cost. Postal services are subsidized, and so are railway services. Bus fares cannot be raised to economical levels because there will be violent protests, so bus travel is subsidized too. In the past, price control on a variety of items, from steel to cement, meant that industrial consumer of these items got them at less than actual cost, while the losses of the public sector companies that produced them were borne by the taxpayer! A study done a few years ago, came to the conclusion that subsidies in the Indian economy total as much as 14.5 per cent of gross domestic product. At today's level, that would work out to about Rs. 1,50,000 crore.
And who pay the bill? The theory-and the political fiction on the basis of which it is sold to unsuspecting voters-is that subsidies go the poor, and are paid for by the rich. The fact is that most subsidies go the 'rich' (defined in the Indian context as those who are above the poverty line), and much of the tab goes indirectly to the poor. Because the hefty subsidy bill results in fiscal deficits, which in turn push up rates of inflation-which, as everyone knows, hits the poor the hardest of all. That is why taxmen call inflation the most regressive form of taxation.
The entire subsidy system is built on the these is that people cannot help themselves, therefore governments must do so. That people cannot afford to pay for variety of goods and services, and therefore the government must step in. This thesis has been applied not just in the poor countries but in the rich ones as well; hence the birth of the welfare state in the west, and an almost Utopian social security system; free medical care, food aid, old age security, etc. But with the passage of time, most of the wealthy nations have discovered that their economies cannot sustain this social safety net, which in fact reduces the desire among people to pay their own way, and takes away some of the incentives to work, in short, the bill was unaffordable, and their societies were simply not willing to pay. To the regret of many, but because of the laws of economies are harsh, most Western societies have been busy pruning the welfare bill.
In India, the lessons of this experience over several decades, and in many countries-do not seem to have been learnt. Or they are simply ignored in the pursuit of immediate votes. People who are promised cheap food or clothing do not in most cases look beyond the gift horses-to the question of who picks up the tab. The uproar over higher petrol, diesel and cooking gas prices ignored this basic question; if the user of cooking gas does not want to pay for its cost, who should pay? Diesel in the country is subsidised, and if the user of cooking gas does not want to pay for its full cost, who does he or she think should pay the balance of the cost? It is a simple question, nevertheless it remains unasked.
The Deva Gowda government had shown some courage in biting the bullet when it comes to the price of petroleum products. But it has been bitten by much bigger subsidy bug. It wants to offer food at half its cost to everyone below the poverty line, supposedly estimated at some 380 million people. What will be the cost? And of course, who will pick up the tab? The Andhra Pradesh Government has been bankrupted by selling rice as Rs. 2 per Kg. Should the Central Government be bankrupted too, before facing up to the question of what is affordable and what is not? Already, India is perennially short of power because the subsidy on electricity has bankrupted most electricity boards, and made private investment wary unless it gets all manner of state guarantees. Delhi's subsidised bus fares have bankrupted the Delhi Transport Corporation, whose buses have slowly disappeared from the capital's streets. It is easy to be soft and sentimental, by looking at programmes that will be popular. After all, who does 'not like a free lunch'? But the evidence is surely mounting that the lunch isn't free at all. Somebody is paying the bill. And if you want to know who, take at the country's poor economic performance over the years.
A suitable title to the passage would be:
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
Show answer & explanationHide answer⌄
Answer: (A) There's no such thing as a free lunch
Explanation
The text focuses on demonstrating that welfare give-aways, free services, and subsidized goods are never truly free. Even when marketed as popular government programs, someone inevitably bears the financial burden through fiscal deficits, reduced economic performance, and inflation, making the classic economic adage regarding the non-existence of a free lunch the most fitting summary of the text.
8English Language
Rearrange the following Six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful para-graph and then answer the ques-tions given below.
(A) It is the only country in the world that is carbon negative,which means it produces more oxygen than it consumes.
(B) Bhutan, sandwiched between the two most populous na-tions on Earth, suffers for their sins.
(C) So far, so good. But then, two things happened.
(D) Carbon sinks, 70% forest cover, powered almost entirely by mountain streams-Bhutan is a poster child for green living.
(E) Glaciers are beginning to melt, flash floods and heavy rains-and even droughts-are common, and tempera-tures are climbing.
(F) One, India and China got richer.
Which of the following should be the First sentence of the given paragraph?
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Answer: (B) D
Explanation
A coherent paragraph begins with an introductory statement that establishes the main topic. Sentence D presents Bhutan's environmental credentials—its carbon sinks, extensive forest cover, and reliance on hydroelectric power—setting the stage for subsequent sentences to elaborate on its carbon-negative status and the environmental challenges it faces.
9English Language
Rearrange the following Six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful para-graph and then answer the ques-tions given below.
(A) It is the only country in the world that is carbon negative,which means it produces more oxygen than it consumes.
(B) Bhutan, sandwiched between the two most populous na-tions on Earth, suffers for their sins.
(C) So far, so good. But then, two things happened.
(D) Carbon sinks, 70% forest cover, powered almost entirely by mountain streams-Bhutan is a poster child for green living.
(E) Glaciers are beginning to melt, flash floods and heavy rains-and even droughts-are common, and tempera-tures are climbing.
(F) One, India and China got richer.
Which of the following should be the Third sentence of the given paragraph?
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Answer: (C) C
Explanation
The paragraph opens by highlighting Bhutan's exemplary environmental state. Sentence C follows these initial positive descriptions with the phrase "So far, so good" to transition into the emerging problems, signaling that two critical developments altered this ideal scenario.
10English Language
Rearrange the following Six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful para-graph and then answer the ques-tions given below.
(A) It is the only country in the world that is carbon negative,which means it produces more oxygen than it consumes.
(B) Bhutan, sandwiched between the two most populous na-tions on Earth, suffers for their sins.
(C) So far, so good. But then, two things happened.
(D) Carbon sinks, 70% forest cover, powered almost entirely by mountain streams-Bhutan is a poster child for green living.
(E) Glaciers are beginning to melt, flash floods and heavy rains-and even droughts-are common, and tempera-tures are climbing.
(F) One, India and China got richer.
Which of the following should be the LAST sentence of the given paragraph?
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Answer: (E) E
Explanation
Following the explanation of how industrial growth in neighboring countries generates pollution, sentence E completes the logical progression by listing the direct impact on Bhutan, such as melting glaciers, flash floods, extreme weather events, and rising temperatures. This forms the natural conclusion to the paragraph's discussion of climate impacts.
11English Language
Rearrange the following Six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful para-graph and then answer the ques-tions given below.
(A) It is the only country in the world that is carbon negative,which means it produces more oxygen than it consumes.
(B) Bhutan, sandwiched between the two most populous na-tions on Earth, suffers for their sins.
(C) So far, so good. But then, two things happened.
(D) Carbon sinks, 70% forest cover, powered almost entirely by mountain streams-Bhutan is a poster child for green living.
(E) Glaciers are beginning to melt, flash floods and heavy rains-and even droughts-are common, and tempera-tures are climbing.
(F) One, India and China got richer.
Which of the following should be the Fourth sentence of the given paragraph?
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Answer: (A) F
Explanation
The paragraph opens with statement D introducing Bhutan as a green living poster child, followed by statement A expanding on its carbon-negative status. Statement C transitions to two recent developments disrupting this state. Statement F directly details the first of these two developments, making it the logically coherent fourth sentence in the sequence.
12English Language
Rearrange the following Six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful para-graph and then answer the ques-tions given below.
(A) It is the only country in the world that is carbon negative,which means it produces more oxygen than it consumes.
(B) Bhutan, sandwiched between the two most populous na-tions on Earth, suffers for their sins.
(C) So far, so good. But then, two things happened.
(D) Carbon sinks, 70% forest cover, powered almost entirely by mountain streams-Bhutan is a poster child for green living.
(E) Glaciers are beginning to melt, flash floods and heavy rains-and even droughts-are common, and tempera-tures are climbing.
(F) One, India and China got richer.
Which of the following should be the Second sentence of the given paragraph?
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Answer: (C) A
Explanation
The introductory sentence D highlights Bhutan's environmental achievements such as forest cover and mountain streams. Statement A naturally follows as the second sentence by specifying that Bhutan is carbon negative and generates more oxygen than it consumes, providing concrete facts to support its reputation as a poster child for green living.
13English Language
In the fol-lowing passage, you have a brief pas-sage. In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. First read the passage over and try to understand what it is about. Then fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given.
Big ideas come from tackling (13) problems. When one is con-fronted with an overwhelming task, it's pieces. Business jargon is full of phrases about that, like "pilot projects" and "low-hanging fruit." They have their place, but in the repertory of management (14), they should share their place with bold approaches to big challenges. Much of today's most valuable manage-ment knowledge came from wres-tling with such issues. The most complicated workplace in the middle of the last century was the auto-mobile assembly plant. Drawn to its complexity where Peter F. Drucker, W. Edwards Deming, and Taiichi Ohno, among others. The work they and their disciples did, applied in industry after industry, is the basis of the best that we know about op-erations, managing people, innova-tion, organizational design, and much more.
The most complex workplaces are tertiary care hospitals. These vast (15) employ tens of thousands of people who, under one roof, do everything from neurosurgery to laundry. Each patient - that is to say, each "job" - calls on a differ-ent set of people with a different constellation of (16); even when the two patients have the same diagno-sis, success may be (17) differently.This is complexity of an order of magnitude greater than automobile assembly, and anyone who (18) hos-pitalized knows that management has thus far been unequal to the scope of task. The workers, managing consultants, and scholars (19) crack this nut will reshape industries and institutions just as (20) as Drucker, Deming, and Ohno did.
This question refers to blank (13) in the passage above.
● Correct
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Answer: (B) big
Explanation
The passage establishes a direct connection between high-impact management ideas and the scale of the challenges being addressed. Using the adjective big in the opening sentence sets up the central theme that monumental management insights arise from addressing complex, large-scale problems rather than minor tasks.
14English Language
In the fol-lowing passage, you have a brief pas-sage. In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. First read the passage over and try to understand what it is about. Then fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given.
Big ideas come from tackling (13) problems. When one is con-fronted with an overwhelming task, it's pieces. Business jargon is full of phrases about that, like "pilot projects" and "low-hanging fruit." They have their place, but in the repertory of management (14), they should share their place with bold approaches to big challenges. Much of today's most valuable manage-ment knowledge came from wres-tling with such issues. The most complicated workplace in the middle of the last century was the auto-mobile assembly plant. Drawn to its complexity where Peter F. Drucker, W. Edwards Deming, and Taiichi Ohno, among others. The work they and their disciples did, applied in industry after industry, is the basis of the best that we know about op-erations, managing people, innova-tion, organizational design, and much more.
The most complex workplaces are tertiary care hospitals. These vast (15) employ tens of thousands of people who, under one roof, do everything from neurosurgery to laundry. Each patient - that is to say, each "job" - calls on a differ-ent set of people with a different constellation of (16); even when the two patients have the same diagno-sis, success may be (17) differently.This is complexity of an order of magnitude greater than automobile assembly, and anyone who (18) hos-pitalized knows that management has thus far been unequal to the scope of task. The workers, managing consultants, and scholars (19) crack this nut will reshape industries and institutions just as (20) as Drucker, Deming, and Ohno did.
This question refers to blank (14) in the passage above.
● Correct
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Answer: (D) practice
Explanation
The phrase management practice refers to the applied methods, routines, and strategies used in organizational administration. In this context, pilot projects and low-hanging fruit represent tactical methods within the broader discipline and repertory of management practice.
15English Language
In the fol-lowing passage, you have a brief pas-sage. In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. First read the passage over and try to understand what it is about. Then fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given.
Big ideas come from tackling (13) problems. When one is con-fronted with an overwhelming task, it's pieces. Business jargon is full of phrases about that, like "pilot projects" and "low-hanging fruit." They have their place, but in the repertory of management (14), they should share their place with bold approaches to big challenges. Much of today's most valuable manage-ment knowledge came from wres-tling with such issues. The most complicated workplace in the middle of the last century was the auto-mobile assembly plant. Drawn to its complexity where Peter F. Drucker, W. Edwards Deming, and Taiichi Ohno, among others. The work they and their disciples did, applied in industry after industry, is the basis of the best that we know about op-erations, managing people, innova-tion, organizational design, and much more.
The most complex workplaces are tertiary care hospitals. These vast (15) employ tens of thousands of people who, under one roof, do everything from neurosurgery to laundry. Each patient - that is to say, each "job" - calls on a differ-ent set of people with a different constellation of (16); even when the two patients have the same diagno-sis, success may be (17) differently.This is complexity of an order of magnitude greater than automobile assembly, and anyone who (18) hos-pitalized knows that management has thus far been unequal to the scope of task. The workers, managing consultants, and scholars (19) crack this nut will reshape industries and institutions just as (20) as Drucker, Deming, and Ohno did.
This question refers to blank (15) in the passage above.
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Answer: (E) enterprises
Explanation
Tertiary care hospitals are massive organizational structures operating under complex operational frameworks. The plural noun enterprises grammatically aligns with the plural verb employ while appropriately characterizing these vast medical institutions that manage complex workflows under a single roof.
16English Language
In the fol-lowing passage, you have a brief pas-sage. In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. First read the passage over and try to understand what it is about. Then fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given.
Big ideas come from tackling (13) problems. When one is con-fronted with an overwhelming task, it's pieces. Business jargon is full of phrases about that, like "pilot projects" and "low-hanging fruit." They have their place, but in the repertory of management (14), they should share their place with bold approaches to big challenges. Much of today's most valuable manage-ment knowledge came from wres-tling with such issues. The most complicated workplace in the middle of the last century was the auto-mobile assembly plant. Drawn to its complexity where Peter F. Drucker, W. Edwards Deming, and Taiichi Ohno, among others. The work they and their disciples did, applied in industry after industry, is the basis of the best that we know about op-erations, managing people, innova-tion, organizational design, and much more.
The most complex workplaces are tertiary care hospitals. These vast (15) employ tens of thousands of people who, under one roof, do everything from neurosurgery to laundry. Each patient - that is to say, each "job" - calls on a differ-ent set of people with a different constellation of (16); even when the two patients have the same diagno-sis, success may be (17) differently.This is complexity of an order of magnitude greater than automobile assembly, and anyone who (18) hos-pitalized knows that management has thus far been unequal to the scope of task. The workers, managing consultants, and scholars (19) crack this nut will reshape industries and institutions just as (20) as Drucker, Deming, and Ohno did.
This question refers to blank (16) in the passage above.
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Answer: (C) skills
Explanation
Hospitals require diverse technical abilities spanning specialized medical procedures like neurosurgery to support services like sanitation. The noun skills correctly captures the wide variety of professional and practical competencies needed by different healthcare teams to treat patients effectively.
17English Language
In the fol-lowing passage, you have a brief pas-sage. In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. First read the passage over and try to understand what it is about. Then fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given.
Big ideas come from tackling (13) problems. When one is con-fronted with an overwhelming task, it's pieces. Business jargon is full of phrases about that, like "pilot projects" and "low-hanging fruit." They have their place, but in the repertory of management (14), they should share their place with bold approaches to big challenges. Much of today's most valuable manage-ment knowledge came from wres-tling with such issues. The most complicated workplace in the middle of the last century was the auto-mobile assembly plant. Drawn to its complexity where Peter F. Drucker, W. Edwards Deming, and Taiichi Ohno, among others. The work they and their disciples did, applied in industry after industry, is the basis of the best that we know about op-erations, managing people, innova-tion, organizational design, and much more.
The most complex workplaces are tertiary care hospitals. These vast (15) employ tens of thousands of people who, under one roof, do everything from neurosurgery to laundry. Each patient - that is to say, each "job" - calls on a differ-ent set of people with a different constellation of (16); even when the two patients have the same diagno-sis, success may be (17) differently.This is complexity of an order of magnitude greater than automobile assembly, and anyone who (18) hos-pitalized knows that management has thus far been unequal to the scope of task. The workers, managing consultants, and scholars (19) crack this nut will reshape industries and institutions just as (20) as Drucker, Deming, and Ohno did.
This question refers to blank (17) in the passage above.
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Answer: (D) measured
Explanation
In clinical settings, patient outcomes and operational success cannot be evaluated using a single uniform standard. The verb measured correctly fits the passive construction to express that success is quantified or evaluated according to unique patient diagnoses and clinical goals.
18English Language
In the fol-lowing passage, you have a brief pas-sage. In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. First read the passage over and try to understand what it is about. Then fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given.
Big ideas come from tackling (13) problems. When one is con-fronted with an overwhelming task, it's pieces. Business jargon is full of phrases about that, like "pilot projects" and "low-hanging fruit." They have their place, but in the repertory of management (14), they should share their place with bold approaches to big challenges. Much of today's most valuable manage-ment knowledge came from wres-tling with such issues. The most complicated workplace in the middle of the last century was the auto-mobile assembly plant. Drawn to its complexity where Peter F. Drucker, W. Edwards Deming, and Taiichi Ohno, among others. The work they and their disciples did, applied in industry after industry, is the basis of the best that we know about op-erations, managing people, innova-tion, organizational design, and much more.
The most complex workplaces are tertiary care hospitals. These vast (15) employ tens of thousands of people who, under one roof, do everything from neurosurgery to laundry. Each patient - that is to say, each "job" - calls on a differ-ent set of people with a different constellation of (16); even when the two patients have the same diagno-sis, success may be (17) differently.This is complexity of an order of magnitude greater than automobile assembly, and anyone who (18) hos-pitalized knows that management has thus far been unequal to the scope of task. The workers, managing consultants, and scholars (19) crack this nut will reshape industries and institutions just as (20) as Drucker, Deming, and Ohno did.
This question refers to blank (18) in the passage above.
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Answer: (D) has been
Explanation
The indefinite pronoun anyone is grammatically singular and requires a singular verb form. The present perfect tense has been properly connects past experience with present awareness, indicating that any individual who underwent hospitalization recognizes the management challenges involved.
19English Language
In the fol-lowing passage, you have a brief pas-sage. In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. First read the passage over and try to understand what it is about. Then fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given.
Big ideas come from tackling (13) problems. When one is con-fronted with an overwhelming task, it's pieces. Business jargon is full of phrases about that, like "pilot projects" and "low-hanging fruit." They have their place, but in the repertory of management (14), they should share their place with bold approaches to big challenges. Much of today's most valuable manage-ment knowledge came from wres-tling with such issues. The most complicated workplace in the middle of the last century was the auto-mobile assembly plant. Drawn to its complexity where Peter F. Drucker, W. Edwards Deming, and Taiichi Ohno, among others. The work they and their disciples did, applied in industry after industry, is the basis of the best that we know about op-erations, managing people, innova-tion, organizational design, and much more.
The most complex workplaces are tertiary care hospitals. These vast (15) employ tens of thousands of people who, under one roof, do everything from neurosurgery to laundry. Each patient - that is to say, each "job" - calls on a differ-ent set of people with a different constellation of (16); even when the two patients have the same diagno-sis, success may be (17) differently.This is complexity of an order of magnitude greater than automobile assembly, and anyone who (18) hos-pitalized knows that management has thus far been unequal to the scope of task. The workers, managing consultants, and scholars (19) crack this nut will reshape industries and institutions just as (20) as Drucker, Deming, and Ohno did.
This question refers to blank (19) in the passage above.
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Answer: (A) who
Explanation
The sentence refers to human professionals including workers, consultants, and scholars. The relative pronoun who is used as the subject of the clause to introduce the people performing the action of cracking the organizational challenge.
20English Language
In the fol-lowing passage, you have a brief pas-sage. In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. First read the passage over and try to understand what it is about. Then fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given.
Big ideas come from tackling (13) problems. When one is con-fronted with an overwhelming task, it's pieces. Business jargon is full of phrases about that, like "pilot projects" and "low-hanging fruit." They have their place, but in the repertory of management (14), they should share their place with bold approaches to big challenges. Much of today's most valuable manage-ment knowledge came from wres-tling with such issues. The most complicated workplace in the middle of the last century was the auto-mobile assembly plant. Drawn to its complexity where Peter F. Drucker, W. Edwards Deming, and Taiichi Ohno, among others. The work they and their disciples did, applied in industry after industry, is the basis of the best that we know about op-erations, managing people, innova-tion, organizational design, and much more.
The most complex workplaces are tertiary care hospitals. These vast (15) employ tens of thousands of people who, under one roof, do everything from neurosurgery to laundry. Each patient - that is to say, each "job" - calls on a differ-ent set of people with a different constellation of (16); even when the two patients have the same diagno-sis, success may be (17) differently.This is complexity of an order of magnitude greater than automobile assembly, and anyone who (18) hos-pitalized knows that management has thus far been unequal to the scope of task. The workers, managing consultants, and scholars (19) crack this nut will reshape industries and institutions just as (20) as Drucker, Deming, and Ohno did.
This question refers to blank (20) in the passage above.
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Answer: (A) profoundly
Explanation
The sentence compares future management innovators with historical pioneers like Drucker, Deming, and Ohno. The adverb profoundly accurately conveys the extensive, fundamental level of transformation these individuals will bring to institutions and industries.
21English Language
Identify the error in the sentences given below, if there is no error, choose option (E).
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Answer: (C) has been in the minds of people
Explanation
The idiom "on someone's mind" (or "on the minds of people") is used when a subject or concern continuously occupies someone's thoughts. The preposition "in" is incorrect in this context because "in the mind" refers to mental imagination or internal mental state rather than active preoccupation or concern.
22English Language
Identify the error in the sentences given below, if there is no error, choose option (E).
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Answer: (E) No error
Explanation
The reassembled sentence is: "Most people would have attended the union meeting if they had had longer notice of it."
This is a standard third-conditional (past unreal) construction: "would have + past participle" in the main clause paired with "if + past perfect" in the conditional clause. The doubled "had had" is required here (the auxiliary "had" from part (3) plus the main verb "had" in "had longer notice"), not a mistake. Each of the four parts is grammatically sound, so there is no error.
23English Language
Identify the error in the sentences given below, if there is no error, choose option (E).
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Answer: (B) reading Times
Explanation
Names of newspapers, periodicals, and well-known publications are proper nouns that mandate the definite article "the" before them in English grammar. Therefore, referring to the publication requires specifying "the Times" rather than using the name without an article.
24English Language
Identify the error in the sentences given below, if there is no error, choose option (E).
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Answer: (E) No error.
Explanation
The sentence maintains complete grammatical accuracy throughout. The plural subject "children" correctly agrees with the verb "have", followed by the appropriate gerund construction "difficulty understanding". The subordinate clause uses "it is often because", and the relative clause correctly maintains agreement with the plural antecedent "teachers" through "do not understand... themselves" and "do not present".
25English Language
Identify the error in the sentences given below, if there is no error, choose option (E).
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Answer: (C) invest in programs that en- sures a healthy pregnancy,
Explanation
When a relative pronoun such as "that" introduces a clause, the verb must agree with the antecedent to which the pronoun refers. Here, "that" refers to the plural antecedent "programs", requiring the plural verb form "ensure" instead of the singular "ensures".
26English Language
Identify the error in the sentences given below, if there is no error, choose option (E).
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Answer: (C) have increased dramati- cally over
Explanation
In subject-verb agreement, the phrase "the number of" acts as a singular subject and strictly requires a singular verb, whereas "a number of" acts as a plural subject and takes a plural verb. Since the subject is "the number of scenes", the auxiliary verb must be singular "has" rather than plural "have".
27English Language
Identify the error in the sentences given below, if there is no error, choose option (E).
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Answer: (E) no error
Explanation
When percentages or fractions modify a plural countable noun like "people", they correctly take a plural verb, as seen in "forty percent... have" and "thirty percent... have". The prepositions "to their homes" and the plural noun phrase "electricity connections" are also used accurately in this sentence context.
28English Language
Identify the error in the sentences given below, if there is no error, choose option (E).
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Answer: (A) Workers with less
Explanation
In standard English usage, "fewer" is used to modify plural countable nouns, whereas "less" is reserved exclusively for uncountable nouns. Because "problems" is a countable plural noun, the correct comparative quantifier to modify it is "fewer".
29English Language
Identify the error in the sentences given below, if there is no error, choose option (E).
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Answer: (D) of their strict laws.
Explanation
Singular proper nouns representing a nation, city, or organization require singular possessive pronouns. Since "Singapore" is a singular noun, the possessive pronoun referring back to it must be "its" rather than the plural possessive pronoun "their".
30English Language
Identify the error in the sentences given below, if there is no error, choose option (E).
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Answer: (B) most unique: the prince
Explanation
Adjectives that describe absolute or ungradable states, such as "unique", "perfect", or "impossible", express a quality that cannot exist in degrees. Because "unique" means being the only one of its kind, modifying it with a superlative degree adverb like "most" is redundant and grammatically incorrect.
31Quantitative Aptitude
Study the following table carefully and answer the given questions.
State | Percentage of populationbelow the poverty level | Ratio of males and females Below poverty line | Ratio of males and females Above poverty line
--- | --- | --- | ---
| | M:F | M:F
P | 35 | 5:6 | 6:7
Q | 25 | 3:5 | 4:5
R | 24 | 1:2 | 2:3
S | 29 | 3:2 | 4:3
T | 15 | 5:3 | 3:2
If the male population above poverty line for State R is 1.9 million, then what is the total population of State R?
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Answer: (D) 6.25 million
Explanation
In State R, the population above the poverty line is 100% - 24% = 76% of the total population. Given the male to female ratio above the poverty line is 2:3, males constitute 2/5 of the population above the poverty line. Thus, male population above the poverty line = (2/5) × 0.76 × Total Population = 0.304 × Total Population = 1.9 million. Solving for Total Population gives 1.9 / 0.304 = 6.25 million.
32Quantitative Aptitude
Study the following table carefully and answer the given questions.
State | Percentage of populationbelow the poverty level | Ratio of males and females Below poverty line | Ratio of males and females Above poverty line
--- | --- | --- | ---
| | M:F | M:F
P | 35 | 5:6 | 6:7
Q | 25 | 3:5 | 4:5
R | 24 | 1:2 | 2:3
S | 29 | 3:2 | 4:3
T | 15 | 5:3 | 3:2
What will be the number of fe-males above poverty line in the State S if it is known that the population of State S is 7 mil-lion?
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Answer: (B) 2.13 million
Explanation
In State S, the population above the poverty line is 100% - 29% = 71% of the total population. For a total population of 7 million, the population above the poverty line is 0.71 × 7 = 4.97 million. With the male to female ratio above the poverty line being 4:3, females account for 3/7 of this population. Therefore, the number of females above the poverty line is (3/7) × 4.97 = 2.13 million.
33Quantitative Aptitude
Study the following table carefully and answer the given questions.
State | Percentage of populationbelow the poverty level | Ratio of males and females Below poverty line | Ratio of males and females Above poverty line
--- | --- | --- | ---
| | M:F | M:F
P | 35 | 5:6 | 6:7
Q | 25 | 3:5 | 4:5
R | 24 | 1:2 | 2:3
S | 29 | 3:2 | 4:3
T | 15 | 5:3 | 3:2
What is the male population above poverty line for State P if the female population below poverty line for State P is 2.1 million?
● Correct
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Answer: (C) 3.3 million
Explanation
In State P, the population below the poverty line is 35%. The male to female ratio below the poverty line is 5:6, making females 6/11 of this population. Thus, (6/11) × 0.35 × Total Population = 2.1 million, which gives Total Population = 11 million. The population above the poverty line is 65% of 11 million = 7.15 million. With a male to female ratio of 6:7 above the poverty line, the male population above the poverty line is (6/13) × 7.15 = 3.3 million.
34Quantitative Aptitude
Study the following table carefully and answer the given questions.
State | Percentage of populationbelow the poverty level | Ratio of males and females Below poverty line | Ratio of males and females Above poverty line
--- | --- | --- | ---
| | M:F | M:F
P | 35 | 5:6 | 6:7
Q | 25 | 3:5 | 4:5
R | 24 | 1:2 | 2:3
S | 29 | 3:2 | 4:3
T | 15 | 5:3 | 3:2
If the population of males be-low poverty line for State Q is 2.4 million and that for State T is 6 million, then what is the respective ratio of the total population of States Q and T?
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Answer: (B) 2:5
Explanation
For State Q, below poverty population is 25% with male ratio 3/8, so (3/8) × 0.25 × Total_Q = 2.4 million, giving Total_Q = 25.6 million. For State T, below poverty population is 15% with male ratio 5/8, so (5/8) × 0.15 × Total_T = 6 million, giving Total_T = 64 million. The ratio of total population of State Q to State T is 25.6 : 64 = 2 : 5.
35Quantitative Aptitude
Study the following table carefully and answer the given questions.
State | Percentage of populationbelow the poverty level | Ratio of males and females Below poverty line | Ratio of males and females Above poverty line
--- | --- | --- | ---
| | M:F | M:F
P | 35 | 5:6 | 6:7
Q | 25 | 3:5 | 4:5
R | 24 | 1:2 | 2:3
S | 29 | 3:2 | 4:3
T | 15 | 5:3 | 3:2
In state R female population above poverty line is by what per cent more than that below poverty line?
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Answer: (A) 185
Explanation
Let the total population of State R be N. The female population below the poverty line is (2/3) × 0.24N = 0.16N. The female population above the poverty line is (3/5) × (1 - 0.24)N = (3/5) × 0.76N = 0.456N. The percentage by which female population above the poverty line exceeds that below is ((0.456N - 0.16N) / 0.16N) × 100 = (0.296 / 0.16) × 100 = 185%.
36Quantitative Aptitude
Find the probability that a number from 1 to 300 is divisible by either 3 or 7?
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Answer: (B) ³²⁄₇₅
Explanation
Using the principle of inclusion-exclusion for numbers from 1 to 300: numbers divisible by 3 are ⌊300/3⌋ = 100, numbers divisible by 7 are ⌊300/7⌋ = 42, and numbers divisible by both 3 and 7 (i.e., 21) are ⌊300/21⌋ = 14. Total favourable outcomes = 100 + 42 - 14 = 128. The probability is 128 / 300 = 32 / 75.
37Quantitative Aptitude
14 men can do a work in 18 days. 15 women can do the same work in 24 days. If 14 men work for first three days and 10 women work after that for three days, find the part of work left after that?
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Answer: (A) ¾
Explanation
The fraction of total work done by 14 men in 1 day is 1/18, so in 3 days they complete 3 × (1/18) = 1/6 of the work. For women, 15 women complete the work in 24 days, meaning 1 woman does 1/360 of the work per day. Thus, 10 women do 10/360 = 1/36 of the work per day, completing 3 × (1/36) = 1/12 of the work in 3 days. Total work completed is 1/6 + 1/12 = 1/4. The remaining part of the work is 1 - 1/4 = 3/4.
38Quantitative Aptitude
The perimeter of a rectangle is x units and the circumference of a circle is 8 units more than the perimeter of the rectangle. The ratio of radius of circle and length of the rectangle is 1:2 and the ratio of length and breadth of rectangle is 7:3. Find the length of the rectangle?
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Answer: (C) 28
Explanation
Let the length and breadth of the rectangle be 7k and 3k. The perimeter of the rectangle is 2(7k + 3k) = 20k. The ratio of radius to length is 1:2, so radius r = 7k / 2. Circumference of the circle C = 2 × (22/7) × (7k / 2) = 22k. Given C = Perimeter + 8, we have 22k = 20k + 8, which yields 2k = 8 and k = 4. The length of the rectangle is 7 × 4 = 28.
39Quantitative Aptitude
A invested in a certain scheme at the rate of 5% p.a. and B at 3% each for two years. If the total sum invested by A and B is Rs. 4000 and the simple in-terest received by both is same then, find the amount invest-ed by A?
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Answer: (B) Rs. 1500
Explanation
Simple Interest SI = (P × R × T) / 100. Let A and B be the amounts invested by A and B respectively. Since time T = 2 years is equal for both, SI_A = (A × 5 × 2) / 100 = 10A / 100 and SI_B = (B × 3 × 2) / 100 = 6B / 100. Equal interest implies 10A = 6B, or A : B = 3 : 5. With total investment A + B = 4000, A's investment is (3/8) × 4000 = Rs. 1500.
40Quantitative Aptitude
Two trains cross each other in 14 seconds when they are mov-ing in opposite directions and when they are moving in the same direction they cross each other in 3 minutes 2 seconds. The speed of the faster train is by what per cent more than the speed of the slower train?
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Answer: (A) 16.67%
Explanation
Let u and v be the speeds of the faster and slower trains, and D be the sum of their lengths. In opposite directions, relative speed is u + v, so D = 14(u + v). In the same direction, relative speed is u - v and time is 3 minutes 2 seconds = 182 seconds, so D = 182(u - v). Equating both gives 14(u + v) = 182(u - v), which simplifies to u + v = 13(u - v) and 14v = 12u, or u/v = 7/6. The speed of the faster train exceeds the slower train by ((7/6 - 1) / 1) × 100 = 16.67%.
41Quantitative Aptitude
What will come in place of the question mark (?) in the following number series?
11 20 38 74 ?
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Answer: (A) 146
Explanation
The given pattern follows the rule: term × 2 - 2 = next term.
11 × 2 - 2 = 20
20 × 2 - 2 = 38
38 × 2 - 2 = 74
74 × 2 - 2 = 146
42Quantitative Aptitude
What will come in place of the question mark (?) in the following number series?
15 21 38 65 101 ?
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Answer: (B) 145
Explanation
The first differences between consecutive terms are:
21 - 15 = 6
38 - 21 = 17
65 - 38 = 27
101 - 65 = 36
Taking the second differences:
17 - 6 = 11
27 - 17 = 10
36 - 27 = 9
The next second difference is 8, making the next first difference 36 + 8 = 44.
Adding 44 to the last term yields 101 + 44 = 145.
43Quantitative Aptitude
What will come in place of the question mark (?) in the following number series?
24 28 19 35 10 ?
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Answer: (D) 46
Explanation
The operations performed on consecutive terms follow the pattern +2², -3², +4², -5², +6²:
24 + 2² = 28
28 - 3² = 19
19 + 4² = 35
35 - 5² = 10
10 + 6² = 46
44Quantitative Aptitude
What will come in place of the question mark (?) in the following number series?
7 16 45 184 915 ?
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Answer: (B) 5496
Explanation
The pattern for calculating each term from the preceding one is:
7 × 2 + 2 = 16
16 × 3 - 3 = 45
45 × 4 + 4 = 184
184 × 5 - 5 = 915
915 × 6 + 6 = 5496
45Quantitative Aptitude
What will come in place of the question mark (?) in the following number series?
12 19 35 59 90 ?
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Answer: (B) 127
Explanation
The first differences between consecutive terms are:
19 - 12 = 7
35 - 19 = 16
59 - 35 = 24
90 - 59 = 31
The second differences are 16 - 7 = 9, 24 - 16 = 8, and 31 - 24 = 7.
The next second difference is 6, giving a first difference of 31 + 6 = 37.
Adding 37 to 90 yields 127.
46Quantitative Aptitude
In each of these questions, two equations (I) and (II) are given. You have to solve both the equations and give answer
I. 3x² - 22x + 7 = 0
II. y² - 15y + 56 = 0
Comparing values:
1/3 < 7 and 1/3 < 8
7 = 7 and 7 < 8
Therefore, x ≤ y.
47Quantitative Aptitude
In each of these questions, two equations (I) and (II) are given. You have to solve both the equations and give answer
I. 2x² - 17x + 36 = 0
II. 2y² - 19y + 44 = 0
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Answer: (E) if x = y or relationship between x and y cannot be established.
Comparing values:
4.5 < 5.5 but 4.5 > 4.
Because x can be both greater than and less than y depending on the roots chosen, no relationship can be established.
48Quantitative Aptitude
In each of these questions, two equations (I) and (II) are given. You have to solve both the equations and give answer
I. x - √(169) = 0
II. y² - 169 = 0
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Answer: (B) if x ≥ y
Explanation
Solving equation I:
x - √169 = 0
x = 13
Solving equation II:
y² - 169 = 0
y = ±13
Comparing values:
13 = 13 and 13 > -13.
Therefore, x ≥ y.
49Quantitative Aptitude
In each of these questions, two equations (I) and (II) are given. You have to solve both the equations and give answer
I. 3x² + 20x + 25 = 0
II. 3y² + 14y + 8 = 0
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Answer: (E) if x = y or relationship between x and y cannot be established.
Comparing values:
-5 < -4 and -5 < -0.67.
-1.67 > -4, but -1.67 < -0.67.
Since x is greater than y in one pair of roots and smaller than y in another, no definitive relation can be established.
50Quantitative Aptitude
In each of these questions, two equations (I) and (II) are given. You have to solve both the equations and give answer
I. 3x² + 5x + 2 = 0
II. 3y² + 18y + 24 = 0
Comparing values:
-1 > -2 and -1 > -4
-2/3 > -2 and -2/3 > -4
For all possible root combinations, x > y.
51Quantitative Aptitude
A seller marks the price of an item 50% above the cost price and gives 10% discount on the item. While selling he cheats a customer by giving 20% less in weight. Find his overall profit per cent (approximately)?
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Answer: (C) 69%
Explanation
For an item of cost price ₹100 per 1000g, the marked price is ₹150, and after a 10% discount, the selling price is ₹135 per 1000g marked. Since 20% less weight is delivered, 800g (costing ₹80) is actually given for ₹135.
Profit % = [(Selling Price - Cost Price) / Cost Price] × 100
Profit % = [(135 - 80) / 80] × 100 = (55 / 80) × 100 = 68.75% ≈ 69%.
52Quantitative Aptitude
There is 81 litres of pure milk in a container. One-third of milk is replaced by water in the container. Again one-third of mixture is extracted and equal amount of water is added. What is the ratio of milk to water in the new mixture?
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Answer: (D) 4 : 5
Explanation
The amount of liquid remaining after n successive replacement operations is given by the formula:
Remaining Milk = Initial Quantity × (1 - x/V)ⁿ
where x is the volume removed and V is the total volume.
Remaining Milk = 81 × (1 - 1/3)² = 81 × (2/3)² = 81 × 4/9 = 36 litres.
Volume of Water = 81 - 36 = 45 litres.
Ratio of Milk to Water = 36 : 45 = 4 : 5.
53Quantitative Aptitude
A is 2 years older than B while B is 3 years younger than C. The ratio of age of A, 6 years hence and that of B, 2 years ago is 5:3. What was the age of C, 6 years ago?
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Answer: (D) 14 years
Explanation
Let B's present age be x years. Then A's present age is x + 2 years and C's present age is x + 3 years.
According to the given ratio:
(A + 6) / (B - 2) = 5 / 3
(x + 2 + 6) / (x - 2) = 5 / 3
3(x + 8) = 5(x - 2)
3x + 24 = 5x - 10
2x = 34
x = 17
C's present age = 17 + 3 = 20 years.
C's age 6 years ago = 20 - 6 = 14 years.
54Quantitative Aptitude
A, B and C started a business with their investments in the ratio 1 : 2 : 4. After 6 months A invested the half amount more as before and B invested the same amount as before while C withdrew one-fourth of his investment. Find the ratio of their profits at the end of the year.
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Answer: (C) 5 : 12 : 14
Explanation
Profit distribution ratio equals the ratio of effective investment-months of the partners over the 12-month period.
Taking initial investments as 1, 2, and 4 units:
A = (1 × 6) + (1.5 × 6) = 6 + 9 = 15
B = (2 × 6) + (4 × 6) = 12 + 24 = 36
C = (4 × 6) + (3 × 6) = 24 + 18 = 42
Ratio of profits A : B : C = 15 : 36 : 42 = 5 : 12 : 14.
55Quantitative Aptitude
The average marks in Science subject of a class of 20 students is 68. If the marks of two students were misread as 48 and 65 instead of the actual marks 72 and 61 respectively, what would be the correct average?
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Answer: (B) 69
Explanation
Correct Average = Old Average + (Sum of correct values - Sum of incorrect values) / N
Correct Average = 68 + [(72 + 61) - (48 + 65)] / 20
Correct Average = 68 + (133 - 113) / 20 = 68 + 20 / 20 = 68 + 1 = 69.
56Quantitative Aptitude
What should come in the place of question mark (?) in the given questions?
40% of 265 + 35% of 180 = 50% of ?+ ?% of 80
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Answer: (C) 130
Explanation
Let ? = x.
Left side = (40/100 × 265) + (35/100 × 180) = 106 + 63 = 169.
Right side = (50/100 × x) + (x/100 × 80) = 0.5x + 0.8x = 1.3x.
Equating both sides gives 1.3x = 169, which yields x = 130.
57Quantitative Aptitude
What should come in the place of question mark (?) in the given questions?
√(0.25 × 0.16) of 157 = ?
In these questions, relationship between different elements is shown in the statements. The statements are followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. Study the conclusions based on the given statements and select the appropriate answer.
Give answer (A) if only Conclusion II is true
Give answer (B) if only Conclusion I is true
Give answer (C) if both Conclusions I and II are true.
Give answer (D) if either Conclusion I or II is true
Give answer (E) if neither Conclusion I nor II is true.
Statements:
S ≤ L ≤ I = P ≥ E > R; L > Q
Conclusions :
I. P ≥ S
II. I > R
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Answer: (C) if both Conclusions I and II are true.
Explanation
Combining the given inequality statements, S ≤ L ≤ I = P yields S ≤ P, which means P ≥ S is definitely true. Similarly, I = P ≥ E > R gives I > R, which is also definitely true. Therefore, both conclusions follow.
62Reasoning Ability
In these questions, relationship between different elements is shown in the statements. The statements are followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. Study the conclusions based on the given statements and select the appropriate answer.
Give answer (A) if only Conclusion II is true
Give answer (B) if only Conclusion I is true
Give answer (C) if both Conclusions I and II are true.
Give answer (D) if either Conclusion I or II is true
Give answer (E) if neither Conclusion I nor II is true.
Statements:
S ≤ L ≤ I = P ≥ E > R; L > Q
Conclusions :
I. L < R
II. E ≥ Q
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Answer: (E) if neither Conclusion I nor II is true.
Explanation
Combining the statements for Conclusion I gives L ≤ I = P ≥ E > R, which contains opposing inequality signs (≤ and ≥), making any relationship between L and R indeterminate. For Conclusion II, tracing from Q to E gives Q < L ≤ I = P ≥ E, which also contains opposing inequality signs (< and ≥), making the relationship between E and Q indeterminate. Therefore, neither conclusion follows.
63Reasoning Ability
In these questions, relationship between different elements is shown in the statements. The statements are followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. Study the conclusions based on the given statements and select the appropriate answer.
Give answer (A) if only Conclusion II is true
Give answer (B) if only Conclusion I is true
Give answer (C) if both Conclusions I and II are true.
Give answer (D) if either Conclusion I or II is true
Give answer (E) if neither Conclusion I nor II is true.
Statements:
G > R ≤ E = A ≤ T ≤ S; D ≤ A ≤ J
Conclusions :
I. T ≥ D
II. R > S
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Answer: (B) if only Conclusion I is true
Explanation
Combining D ≤ A and A ≤ T gives D ≤ A ≤ T, which simplifies to T ≥ D, making Conclusion I definitely true. For Conclusion II, combining R ≤ E = A ≤ T ≤ S gives R ≤ S, which directly contradicts R > S. Therefore, only Conclusion I follows.
64Reasoning Ability
In these questions, relationship between different elements is shown in the statements. The statements are followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. Study the conclusions based on the given statements and select the appropriate answer.
Give answer (A) if only Conclusion II is true
Give answer (B) if only Conclusion I is true
Give answer (C) if both Conclusions I and II are true.
Give answer (D) if either Conclusion I or II is true
Give answer (E) if neither Conclusion I nor II is true.
Statements:
G > R ≤ E = A ≤ T ≤ S; D ≤ A ≤ J
Conclusions :
I. J > R
II. J = R
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Answer: (D) if either Conclusion I or II is true
Explanation
Combining R ≤ E = A ≤ J gives R ≤ J, which is equivalent to J ≥ R. The relation J ≥ R strictly means that either J is greater than R or J is equal to R. Since Conclusion I is J > R and Conclusion II is J = R, exactly one of the two conclusions must be true, forming an either-or complementary pair.
65Reasoning Ability
In these questions, relationship between different elements is shown in the statements. The statements are followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. Study the conclusions based on the given statements and select the appropriate answer.
Give answer (A) if only Conclusion II is true
Give answer (B) if only Conclusion I is true
Give answer (C) if both Conclusions I and II are true.
Give answer (D) if either Conclusion I or II is true
Give answer (E) if neither Conclusion I nor II is true.
Statements :
A ≥ B > C ≤ D ≤ E < F
Conclusions :
I. A ≥ E
II. C < F
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Answer: (A) if only Conclusion II is true
Explanation
For Conclusion I, tracing A to E gives A ≥ B > C ≤ D ≤ E, which contains opposing inequality signs (> and ≤), so no definite relationship exists between A and E. For Conclusion II, tracing C to F gives C ≤ D ≤ E < F, which strictly establishes C < F. Therefore, only Conclusion II follows.
66Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below :
Eight persons — A, B, C, D, W, X, Y and Z — are sitting around a circular table facing the centre at equal distance from each other, but not necessarily in the same order. Each of them belongs to different areas viz, Dwarka, Karol Bagh, Okhla, Chanakyapuri, Mehrauli, Rohini, Lajpat Nagar and Saket, but not necessarily in the same order.
W is sitting third to the left of Y. The person who is from Dwarka is to the immediate right of W and W is not from Okhla. B is sitting fourth to the right of Z. Z is not the immediate neighbour of Y. Neither B nor Z is an immediate neighbour of W. X is from Chanakyapuri and is sitting third to the right of the person from Dwarka. The person from Mehrauli is sitting second to the left of person from Chanakyapuri. The person from Rohini is sitting second to the left of W. A who is from Lajpat Nagar is sitting exactly between X and Z. The person from Saket is sitting second to the right of the person from Lajpat Nagar. C is sitting third to the left of X.
Who amongst the following persons belongs to Okhla?
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Answer: (B) Y
Explanation
Placing eight persons facing the centre: Y is at position 1, B (Mehrauli) at position 2, C (Dwarka) at position 3, W (Karol Bagh) at position 4, D (Saket) at position 5, Z (Rohini) at position 6, A (Lajpat Nagar) at position 7, and X (Chanakyapuri) at position 8. Since W cannot be from Okhla, W belongs to Karol Bagh and Y belongs to Okhla.
67Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below :
Eight persons — A, B, C, D, W, X, Y and Z — are sitting around a circular table facing the centre at equal distance from each other, but not necessarily in the same order. Each of them belongs to different areas viz, Dwarka, Karol Bagh, Okhla, Chanakyapuri, Mehrauli, Rohini, Lajpat Nagar and Saket, but not necessarily in the same order.
W is sitting third to the left of Y. The person who is from Dwarka is to the immediate right of W and W is not from Okhla. B is sitting fourth to the right of Z. Z is not the immediate neighbour of Y. Neither B nor Z is an immediate neighbour of W. X is from Chanakyapuri and is sitting third to the right of the person from Dwarka. The person from Mehrauli is sitting second to the left of person from Chanakyapuri. The person from Rohini is sitting second to the left of W. A who is from Lajpat Nagar is sitting exactly between X and Z. The person from Saket is sitting second to the right of the person from Lajpat Nagar. C is sitting third to the left of X.
What is A's position with respect to B?
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Answer: (A) Third to the right
Explanation
In the circular arrangement facing the centre, B is positioned at seat 2 and A is positioned at seat 7. Moving in a counter-clockwise direction (to the right) from seat 2 to seat 7 spans 3 positions (seats 1, 8, 7), so A is seated third to the right of B.
68Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below :
Eight persons — A, B, C, D, W, X, Y and Z — are sitting around a circular table facing the centre at equal distance from each other, but not necessarily in the same order. Each of them belongs to different areas viz, Dwarka, Karol Bagh, Okhla, Chanakyapuri, Mehrauli, Rohini, Lajpat Nagar and Saket, but not necessarily in the same order.
W is sitting third to the left of Y. The person who is from Dwarka is to the immediate right of W and W is not from Okhla. B is sitting fourth to the right of Z. Z is not the immediate neighbour of Y. Neither B nor Z is an immediate neighbour of W. X is from Chanakyapuri and is sitting third to the right of the person from Dwarka. The person from Mehrauli is sitting second to the left of person from Chanakyapuri. The person from Rohini is sitting second to the left of W. A who is from Lajpat Nagar is sitting exactly between X and Z. The person from Saket is sitting second to the right of the person from Lajpat Nagar. C is sitting third to the left of X.
How many people are sitting between Z and C when counted in an anticlockwise direction from C?
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Answer: (D) Four
Explanation
In the circular arrangement, C is at position 3 and Z is at position 6. Counting in an anticlockwise direction from C means moving from position 3 through positions 2, 1, 8, and 7 to reach position 6. The four persons seated at these intermediate positions are B, Y, X, and A.
69Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below :
Eight persons — A, B, C, D, W, X, Y and Z — are sitting around a circular table facing the centre at equal distance from each other, but not necessarily in the same order. Each of them belongs to different areas viz, Dwarka, Karol Bagh, Okhla, Chanakyapuri, Mehrauli, Rohini, Lajpat Nagar and Saket, but not necessarily in the same order.
W is sitting third to the left of Y. The person who is from Dwarka is to the immediate right of W and W is not from Okhla. B is sitting fourth to the right of Z. Z is not the immediate neighbour of Y. Neither B nor Z is an immediate neighbour of W. X is from Chanakyapuri and is sitting third to the right of the person from Dwarka. The person from Mehrauli is sitting second to the left of person from Chanakyapuri. The person from Rohini is sitting second to the left of W. A who is from Lajpat Nagar is sitting exactly between X and Z. The person from Saket is sitting second to the right of the person from Lajpat Nagar. C is sitting third to the left of X.
Four of the following five pairs are alike in a certain way based on their positions in the above arrangement and so form a group. Which of the following does not belong to the group?
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Answer: (E) X-Dwarka
Explanation
In the circular seating arrangement, persons and locations in the first four pairs sit directly opposite each other across the table: B (2) is opposite Rohini (Z at 6), Z (6) is opposite Mehrauli (B at 2), D (5) is opposite Okhla (Y at 1), and Y (1) is opposite Saket (D at 5). In contrast, X (8) and Dwarka (C at 3) are not opposite each other.
70Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below :
Eight persons — A, B, C, D, W, X, Y and Z — are sitting around a circular table facing the centre at equal distance from each other, but not necessarily in the same order. Each of them belongs to different areas viz, Dwarka, Karol Bagh, Okhla, Chanakyapuri, Mehrauli, Rohini, Lajpat Nagar and Saket, but not necessarily in the same order.
W is sitting third to the left of Y. The person who is from Dwarka is to the immediate right of W and W is not from Okhla. B is sitting fourth to the right of Z. Z is not the immediate neighbour of Y. Neither B nor Z is an immediate neighbour of W. X is from Chanakyapuri and is sitting third to the right of the person from Dwarka. The person from Mehrauli is sitting second to the left of person from Chanakyapuri. The person from Rohini is sitting second to the left of W. A who is from Lajpat Nagar is sitting exactly between X and Z. The person from Saket is sitting second to the right of the person from Lajpat Nagar. C is sitting third to the left of X.
Which of the following statements is false according to the above mentioned arrangement?
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Answer: (C) The person from Dwarka is sitting exactly between the persons from Karol Bagh and Saket.
Explanation
The person from Dwarka (C) is seated at position 3, between the person from Mehrauli (B at position 2) and the person from Karol Bagh (W at position 4). The person seated between Karol Bagh (W at position 4) and Rohini (Z at position 6) is the person from Saket (D at position 5). Therefore, stating that the person from Dwarka is between Karol Bagh and Saket is incorrect.
71Reasoning Ability
Directions (76-80): In each question below are given two/three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
All circles are a triangles.
Some triangles are rectangles.
All rectangles are squares.
76. Conclusions:
I. All rectangles being triangles is a possibility.
II. All circles being square is a possibility.
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Answer: (E) if both Conclusions I and II follow.
Explanation
Statements: All circles are triangles (A: Circle→Triangle). Some triangles are rectangles (I: Triangle-Rectangle overlap). All rectangles are squares (A: Rectangle→Square).
Conclusion I ("All rectangles being triangles is a possibility"): The particular statement "Some triangles are rectangles" only guarantees an overlap between triangles and rectangles; it does not rule out the case where the rectangle circle sits entirely inside the triangle circle. Since no statement contradicts it, "All rectangles are triangles" is a valid possibility → Conclusion I holds as a possibility.
Conclusion II ("All circles being square is a possibility"): Circles are wholly inside triangles, and part of the triangles (the rectangles) are wholly inside squares. Nothing prevents drawing the diagram so that the circle circle lies entirely within the rectangle-square overlap region of the triangle circle, making every circle a square. So "All circles are squares" is also a valid possibility → Conclusion II holds as a possibility.
Since both conclusions are valid possibilities (not contradicted by the given statements), the answer is option 5: "if both Conclusions I and II follow."
72Reasoning Ability
Statements:
All circles are triangles.
Some triangles are rectangles.
All rectangles are squares.
Conclusions :
I. Some triangles are not rectangles.
II. No square is a circle.
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Answer: (D) if neither Conclusion I nor II follows.
Explanation
Statements: "All circles are triangles.", "Some triangles are rectangles.", "All rectangles are squares."
Conclusion I: "Some triangles are not rectangles." The statement only tells us "Some triangles are rectangles" (I-type). An I-type statement does not imply its complementary O-type ("some ... are not"); the two are logically independent, so I does not necessarily follow.
Conclusion II: "No square is a circle." Tracing the chain: circles are a subset of triangles, and rectangles (a subset of squares) overlap with triangles only partially (some triangles are rectangles). There is no established relation connecting circles to squares/rectangles at all — the only link is that both circles and rectangles are related to triangles, but not to each other. Hence "No square is a circle" is not established and does not necessarily follow (nor is a complementary conclusion forced).
Since neither conclusion is validly derivable from the given statements, the answer is option 4: "if neither Conclusion I nor II follows."
73Reasoning Ability
Statements :
Some chairs are tables.
Some beds are tables.
No furniture is bed.
Conclusions :
I. All chairs being furniture is a possibility.
II. Some tables are not beds is a possibility.
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Answer: (E) if both Conclusions I and II follow.
Explanation
Statements: Some chairs are tables (I-type); Some beds are tables (I-type); No furniture is bed (E-type). There is no direct or derivable relation between chairs and furniture, and no relation forces all tables to be beds.
Conclusion I: "All chairs being furniture is a possibility." Chairs and furniture are never directly compared. A Venn diagram can be drawn where chairs ⊆ furniture (all chairs are furniture) while still keeping "some chairs are tables" true (furniture and tables overlapping via chairs) and keeping "no furniture is bed" true (by keeping the chairs subset outside the bed circle). No premise is violated, so I is a valid possibility → follows.
Conclusion II: "Some tables are not beds is a possibility." The premise "Some beds are tables" only requires a partial overlap between beds and tables; it does not force all tables to be beds. A diagram where the table circle extends beyond the bed circle (e.g., the chair–table overlap region lying outside beds) is fully consistent with all three statements. So II is also a valid possibility → follows.
Since both possibility-conclusions can be simultaneously true in a valid diagram, both Conclusions I and II follow → option 5.
74Reasoning Ability
(78-79): Statements:
Some chairs are tables.
Some beds are tables.
No furniture is bed.
79. Conclusions :
I. Some tables are not furniture.
II. All tables being furniture is a possibility.
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Answer: (A) if only Conclusion I follows.
Explanation
Statements (shared with Q78, found in MD near line 1051-1063): "Some chairs are tables. Some beds are tables. No furniture is bed."
Relevant premises for Q79: "Some beds are tables" (I-type: Some B are T) and "No furniture is bed" (E-type: No F is B, converts to No B is F).
Combining an I-premise with an E-premise (I+E figure) yields a valid O-type (particular negative) conclusion via conversion: from "Some beds are tables" convert to "Some tables are beds"; from "No furniture is bed" convert to "No bed is furniture". Chaining "Some tables are beds" + "No bed is furniture" gives "Some tables are not furniture" — this is Conclusion I, which follows.
Since "Some tables are not furniture" is established as a definite (valid) conclusion, the possibility that "All tables are furniture" is ruled out — a possibility conclusion cannot stand once its contrary is proven definitely true. Therefore Conclusion II does not follow.
Only Conclusion I follows → option id "1" ("if only Conclusion I follows.").
75Reasoning Ability
Statements :
All arts are theatres.
Some arts are dramas.
Conclusions:
I. All dramas being theatres is a possibility.
II. Some dramas are theatres.
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Answer: (E) if both Conclusions I and II follow.
Explanation
From the statement that all arts are theatres and some arts are dramas, it directly follows that the subset of arts that are dramas must also be theatres, making some dramas are theatres a definite conclusion. Furthermore, a setup where all dramas fall within theatres satisfies all given statements without contradiction, so all dramas being theatres is a possibility is also true.
76Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below.
Eight persons S, T, U, V, W, X, Y and Z are sitting in a straight line equidistant from each other (but not necessarily in the same order). Some of them are facing south while some are facing north.
(Note: Facing the same direction means, if one is facing north then the other also faces north and vice-versa. Facing the opposite directions means, if one is facing north then the other faces south and vice-versa)
S faces north. Only two people sit to the right of S. T sits third to the left of S. Only one person sits between T and X. X sits to the immediate right of W. Only one person sits between W and Z. Both the immediate neighbours of T face the same direction. U sits third to the left of X. T faces the opposite direction as S. Y does not sit at any of the extreme ends of the line. V faces the same direction as W. Both Y and U face the opposite direction of Z.
How many persons in the given arrangement are facing North?
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Answer: (B) Four
Explanation
Placing S at position 6 facing North fixes T at position 3 facing South, W at position 4 facing North, X at position 5 facing South, Z at position 2 facing North, U at position 8 facing South, Y at position 7 facing South, and V at position 1 facing North. Counting those facing North gives V, Z, W, and S, making a total of 4 persons.
77Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below.
Eight persons S, T, U, V, W, X, Y and Z are sitting in a straight line equidistant from each other (but not necessarily in the same order). Some of them are facing south while some are facing north.
(Note: Facing the same direction means, if one is facing north then the other also faces north and vice-versa. Facing the opposite directions means, if one is facing north then the other faces south and vice-versa)
S faces north. Only two people sit to the right of S. T sits third to the left of S. Only one person sits between T and X. X sits to the immediate right of W. Only one person sits between W and Z. Both the immediate neighbours of T face the same direction. U sits third to the left of X. T faces the opposite direction as S. Y does not sit at any of the extreme ends of the line. V faces the same direction as W. Both Y and U face the opposite direction of Z.
Four of the following five are alike in a certain way, and so form a group. Which of the following does not belong to the group?
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Answer: (D) W
Explanation
In the arrangement from left to right (positions 1 to 8: V, Z, T, W, X, S, Y, U), V and U are at the extreme ends, Z and Y are second from opposite ends, T and S are third from opposite ends, and W and X are fourth from opposite ends. The single person W lacks a paired partner, making it the odd one out.
78Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below.
Eight persons S, T, U, V, W, X, Y and Z are sitting in a straight line equidistant from each other (but not necessarily in the same order). Some of them are facing south while some are facing north.
(Note: Facing the same direction means, if one is facing north then the other also faces north and vice-versa. Facing the opposite directions means, if one is facing north then the other faces south and vice-versa)
S faces north. Only two people sit to the right of S. T sits third to the left of S. Only one person sits between T and X. X sits to the immediate right of W. Only one person sits between W and Z. Both the immediate neighbours of T face the same direction. U sits third to the left of X. T faces the opposite direction as S. Y does not sit at any of the extreme ends of the line. V faces the same direction as W. Both Y and U face the opposite direction of Z.
What is the position of X with respect to Z?
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Answer: (C) Third to the right
Explanation
Z is at position 2 facing North, so counting positions to the right from Z gives position 3 as first right, position 4 as second right, and position 5 where X is seated as third to the right.
79Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below.
Eight persons S, T, U, V, W, X, Y and Z are sitting in a straight line equidistant from each other (but not necessarily in the same order). Some of them are facing south while some are facing north.
(Note: Facing the same direction means, if one is facing north then the other also faces north and vice-versa. Facing the opposite directions means, if one is facing north then the other faces south and vice-versa)
S faces north. Only two people sit to the right of S. T sits third to the left of S. Only one person sits between T and X. X sits to the immediate right of W. Only one person sits between W and Z. Both the immediate neighbours of T face the same direction. U sits third to the left of X. T faces the opposite direction as S. Y does not sit at any of the extreme ends of the line. V faces the same direction as W. Both Y and U face the opposite direction of Z.
Who amongst the following sits exactly between Z and W?
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Answer: (A) T
Explanation
In the linear sequence from left to right, Z is at position 2 and W is at position 4. Position 3 lies directly between them, which is occupied by T.
80Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below.
Eight persons S, T, U, V, W, X, Y and Z are sitting in a straight line equidistant from each other (but not necessarily in the same order). Some of them are facing south while some are facing north.
(Note: Facing the same direction means, if one is facing north then the other also faces north and vice-versa. Facing the opposite directions means, if one is facing north then the other faces south and vice-versa)
S faces north. Only two people sit to the right of S. T sits third to the left of S. Only one person sits between T and X. X sits to the immediate right of W. Only one person sits between W and Z. Both the immediate neighbours of T face the same direction. U sits third to the left of X. T faces the opposite direction as S. Y does not sit at any of the extreme ends of the line. V faces the same direction as W. Both Y and U face the opposite direction of Z.
Who is sitting second to the right of T?
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Answer: (E) V
Explanation
T is seated at position 3 facing South, so the direction to the right of T points toward the lower-numbered positions. Moving two positions to the right from position 3 lands on position 1, where V is seated.
81Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below:
Point B is 25m south of Point A. Point C is 10m east of Point B. Point D is 30m north of Point C. Point E is 7m east of Point D. Point X is 18m south of Point E. Point M is 12m south of Point X. Point C is 7m west of Point M.
Point B is in which direction from Point D?
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Answer: (B) South-West
Explanation
Placing Point B at coordinates (0, 0) gives C at (10, 0) and D at (10, 30). Relative to Point D at (10, 30), Point B at (0, 0) lies 10 meters to the west and 30 meters to the south, which corresponds to the South-West direction.
82Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below:
Point B is 25m south of Point A. Point C is 10m east of Point B. Point D is 30m north of Point C. Point E is 7m east of Point D. Point X is 18m south of Point E. Point M is 12m south of Point X. Point C is 7m west of Point M.
If Point W is 3m to the north of Point A, then what is the distance between Points B and W?
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Answer: (A) 28m
Explanation
Since Point B is 25 meters south of Point A, Point A is 25 meters north of Point B. Point W is placed 3 meters further north of Point A along the same vertical line. The total straight-line distance between Point B and Point W is 25 + 3 = 28 meters.
83Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below:
Point B is 25m south of Point A. Point C is 10m east of Point B. Point D is 30m north of Point C. Point E is 7m east of Point D. Point X is 18m south of Point E. Point M is 12m south of Point X. Point C is 7m west of Point M.
What is distance between Points B and M?
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Answer: (D) 17m
Explanation
Point C is located 10 meters to the east of Point B along the horizontal axis. Point M is located 7 meters to the east of Point C along the same horizontal line. The total distance between Point B and Point M is 10 + 7 = 17 meters.
84Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below:
D is daughter of N. E is wife of N.
G is sister of D. C is married to G.
N has no son. K is mother of E.
Q is only daughter of C.
How Q is related to D?
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Answer: (C) Niece
Explanation
G is the sister of D. C is married to G, making G and C a married couple. Q is the daughter of C and G. Since Q is the daughter of D's sister G, Q is the niece of D.
85Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below:
D is daughter of N. E is wife of N.
G is sister of D. C is married to G.
N has no son. K is mother of E.
Q is only daughter of C.
How N is related to K?
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Answer: (E) Son-in-law
Explanation
K is the mother of E. E is the wife of N, which means N is the husband of E. Therefore, N is the son-in-law of K.
86Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below:
D is daughter of N. E is wife of N.
G is sister of D. C is married to G.
N has no son. K is mother of E.
Q is only daughter of C.
How many daughters does N have?
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Answer: (A) Two
Explanation
From the given relations, D is the daughter of N. G is the sister of D, which makes G another daughter of N. Since it is stated that N has no sons and only D and G are identified as N's children, N has two daughters in total (D and G).
87Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below:
There are six wires in a cable A, B, C, D, E and F and they have different length but not necessarily in the same order. E is greater than C but less than D and B. A is greater than D and B. A is not the longest wire. F is 13cm long and E is 4 cm. long.
If D is 5cm less than F what would be the length of D?
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Answer: (B) 8
Explanation
The length of wire F is given as 13 cm. Wire D is 5 cm shorter than wire F, so its length is 13 - 5 = 8 cm.
88Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below:
There are six wires in a cable A, B, C, D, E and F and they have different length but not necessarily in the same order. E is greater than C but less than D and B. A is greater than D and B. A is not the longest wire. F is 13cm long and E is 4 cm. long.
Which wire has least length?
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Answer: (C) C
Explanation
The relative length relationships give E > C, D > E, B > E, and A > D and B. Combining these inequalities shows that C is shorter than E, and E is shorter than D, B, A, and F. Thus, C has the least length among all six wires.
89Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below:
There are six wires in a cable A, B, C, D, E and F and they have different length but not necessarily in the same order. E is greater than C but less than D and B. A is greater than D and B. A is not the longest wire. F is 13cm long and E is 4 cm. long.
If A is 10cm long and B carries 5cm length then what would be the length of C?
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Answer: (A) 2
Explanation
The given order of wire lengths establishes that C is shorter than E. Given that E is 4 cm long, wire C must have a length less than 4 cm. The value 2 cm satisfies this condition.
90Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully to answer the questions given below:
M, N, O, P, Q, R and S seven people live on seven different floors of a building but not necessarily in the same order. The lower most floor of the building is numbered 1, the one above that is numbered 2 and so on till the topmost floor is numbered 7. Each one of them have different income i.e. Rs. 3500, Rs. 15000, Rs. 7500, Rs. 9000, Rs. 11000, Rs. 13500 and Rs. 5000. (But not necessarily in the same order.) M lives on an odd numbered floor but not on the floor numbered 3. The one who has income of Rs. 11000 lives immediately above M. Only two people live between M and the one who has income of Rs. 7500. The one who has income of Rs. 15000 lives on one of the odd numbered floors above P. Only three people live between O and the one who has income of Rs. 15000. The one who has income of Rs. 7500 lives immediately above O. The one who has income of Rs. 3500 lives immediately above the one who has income of Rs. 5000. S lives on an odd numbered floor but not on the topmost floor. Only one person lives between N and Q. N lives on one of the floors above Q. Neither Q nor M has income of Rs. 9000. Q does not has income of Rs. 7500.
How much income M has?
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Answer: (A) Rs. 13500
Explanation
Arranging the seven people on seven floors according to the conditions places R on floor 7 with Rs. 15000, P on floor 6 with Rs. 3500, S on floor 5 with Rs. 5000, N on floor 4 with Rs. 7500, O on floor 3 with Rs. 9000, Q on floor 2 with Rs. 11000, and M on floor 1 with Rs. 13500. This configuration satisfies all given constraints, giving M an income of Rs. 13500.
91Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully to answer the questions given below:
M, N, O, P, Q, R and S seven people live on seven different floors of a building but not necessarily in the same order. The lower most floor of the building is numbered 1, the one above that is numbered 2 and so on till the topmost floor is numbered 7. Each one of them have different income i.e. Rs. 3500, Rs. 15000, Rs. 7500, Rs. 9000, Rs. 11000, Rs. 13500 and Rs. 5000. (But not necessarily in the same order.) M lives on an odd numbered floor but not on the floor numbered 3. The one who has income of Rs. 11000 lives immediately above M. Only two people live between M and the one who has income of Rs. 7500. The one who has income of Rs. 15000 lives on one of the odd numbered floors above P. Only three people live between O and the one who has income of Rs. 15000. The one who has income of Rs. 7500 lives immediately above O. The one who has income of Rs. 3500 lives immediately above the one who has income of Rs. 5000. S lives on an odd numbered floor but not on the topmost floor. Only one person lives between N and Q. N lives on one of the floors above Q. Neither Q nor M has income of Rs. 9000. Q does not has income of Rs. 7500.
Which of the following combinations is true with respect to the given arrangement?
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Answer: (B) Rs. 15000 - R
Explanation
Floor arrangement from 7 to 1 is R (Rs. 15000), P (Rs. 3500), S (Rs. 5000), N (Rs. 7500), O (Rs. 9000), Q (Rs. 11000), and M (Rs. 13500). Person R lives on floor 7 with an income of Rs. 15000.
92Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully to answer the questions given below:
M, N, O, P, Q, R and S seven people live on seven different floors of a building but not necessarily in the same order. The lower most floor of the building is numbered 1, the one above that is numbered 2 and so on till the topmost floor is numbered 7. Each one of them have different income i.e. Rs. 3500, Rs. 15000, Rs. 7500, Rs. 9000, Rs. 11000, Rs. 13500 and Rs. 5000. (But not necessarily in the same order.) M lives on an odd numbered floor but not on the floor numbered 3. The one who has income of Rs. 11000 lives immediately above M. Only two people live between M and the one who has income of Rs. 7500. The one who has income of Rs. 15000 lives on one of the odd numbered floors above P. Only three people live between O and the one who has income of Rs. 15000. The one who has income of Rs. 7500 lives immediately above O. The one who has income of Rs. 3500 lives immediately above the one who has income of Rs. 5000. S lives on an odd numbered floor but not on the topmost floor. Only one person lives between N and Q. N lives on one of the floors above Q. Neither Q nor M has income of Rs. 9000. Q does not has income of Rs. 7500.
If all the people are made to live in alphabetical order from top to bottom, the positions of how many people will remain unchanged?
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Answer: (C) None
Explanation
Floor arrangement from 7 to 1 is R, P, S, N, O, Q, and M. Arranging the seven people in alphabetical order from top to bottom (floors 7 to 1) gives M, N, O, P, Q, R, and S. Comparing the floor positions, no person occupies the same floor number in both arrangements.
93Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully to answer the questions given below:
M, N, O, P, Q, R and S seven people live on seven different floors of a building but not necessarily in the same order. The lower most floor of the building is numbered 1, the one above that is numbered 2 and so on till the topmost floor is numbered 7. Each one of them have different income i.e. Rs. 3500, Rs. 15000, Rs. 7500, Rs. 9000, Rs. 11000, Rs. 13500 and Rs. 5000. (But not necessarily in the same order.) M lives on an odd numbered floor but not on the floor numbered 3. The one who has income of Rs. 11000 lives immediately above M. Only two people live between M and the one who has income of Rs. 7500. The one who has income of Rs. 15000 lives on one of the odd numbered floors above P. Only three people live between O and the one who has income of Rs. 15000. The one who has income of Rs. 7500 lives immediately above O. The one who has income of Rs. 3500 lives immediately above the one who has income of Rs. 5000. S lives on an odd numbered floor but not on the topmost floor. Only one person lives between N and Q. N lives on one of the floors above Q. Neither Q nor M has income of Rs. 9000. Q does not has income of Rs. 7500.
Which of the following statements is true with respect to the given arrangement?
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Answer: (B) R has income of Rs. 15000.
Explanation
Working the floor/income puzzle gives floor1=M(13500), floor2=11000, floor3=O(9000), floor4=7500, floor5=S(5000), floor6=P(3500), floor7=R(15000). Hence 'R has income of Rs. 15000' is the true statement.
94Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully to answer the questions given below:
M, N, O, P, Q, R and S seven people live on seven different floors of a building but not necessarily in the same order. The lower most floor of the building is numbered 1, the one above that is numbered 2 and so on till the topmost floor is numbered 7. Each one of them have different income i.e. Rs. 3500, Rs. 15000, Rs. 7500, Rs. 9000, Rs. 11000, Rs. 13500 and Rs. 5000. (But not necessarily in the same order.) M lives on an odd numbered floor but not on the floor numbered 3. The one who has income of Rs. 11000 lives immediately above M. Only two people live between M and the one who has income of Rs. 7500. The one who has income of Rs. 15000 lives on one of the odd numbered floors above P. Only three people live between O and the one who has income of Rs. 15000. The one who has income of Rs. 7500 lives immediately above O. The one who has income of Rs. 3500 lives immediately above the one who has income of Rs. 5000. S lives on an odd numbered floor but not on the topmost floor. Only one person lives between N and Q. N lives on one of the floors above Q. Neither Q nor M has income of Rs. 9000. Q does not has income of Rs. 7500.
Who amongst the following lives on the floor numbered 2?
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Answer: (E) Q
Explanation
Floor arrangement from top to bottom (floors 7 to 1) consists of R on floor 7, P on floor 6, S on floor 5, N on floor 4, O on floor 3, Q on floor 2, and M on floor 1. Therefore, Q lives on floor 2.
95Reasoning Ability
Study the following information carefully to answer the questions given below:
M, N, O, P, Q, R and S seven people live on seven different floors of a building but not necessarily in the same order. The lower most floor of the building is numbered 1, the one above that is numbered 2 and so on till the topmost floor is numbered 7. Each one of them have different income i.e. Rs. 3500, Rs. 15000, Rs. 7500, Rs. 9000, Rs. 11000, Rs. 13500 and Rs. 5000. (But not necessarily in the same order.) M lives on an odd numbered floor but not on the floor numbered 3. The one who has income of Rs. 11000 lives immediately above M. Only two people live between M and the one who has income of Rs. 7500. The one who has income of Rs. 15000 lives on one of the odd numbered floors above P. Only three people live between O and the one who has income of Rs. 15000. The one who has income of Rs. 7500 lives immediately above O. The one who has income of Rs. 3500 lives immediately above the one who has income of Rs. 5000. S lives on an odd numbered floor but not on the topmost floor. Only one person lives between N and Q. N lives on one of the floors above Q. Neither Q nor M has income of Rs. 9000. Q does not has income of Rs. 7500.
How much income R has?
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Answer: (D) Rs. 15000
Explanation
Floor arrangement from 7 to 1 is R (Rs. 15000), P (Rs. 3500), S (Rs. 5000), N (Rs. 7500), O (Rs. 9000), Q (Rs. 11000), and M (Rs. 13500). Person R lives on the topmost floor, floor 7, and earns Rs. 15000.
