Read the passage carefully and attempt Question Nos. by choosing the most appropriate option :
At this stage of civilization, when many nations are brought into close and vital contact for good and evil, it is essential, as never before, that their gross ignorance of one another should be diminished, that they should begin to understand a little of one another's historical experience and resulting mentality. It is the fault of the English to expect the people of other countries to react as they do to political and international situations. Our genuine goodwill and good intentions are often brought to nothing, because we expect other people to be like us. This would be corrected if we knew the history, not necessarily in detail but in broad outlines, of the social and political conditions which have given to each nation its present character.
According to the author "Mentality" of a nation is mainly product of its :
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Answer: (A) History
Explanation
The author directly links a nation's mentality to its historical experience by stating that nations should begin to understand a little of one another's historical experience and resulting mentality. This indicates that the mentality of a nation is developed as a result of its history.
2Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and attempt Question Nos. by choosing the most appropriate option :
At this stage of civilization, when many nations are brought into close and vital contact for good and evil, it is essential, as never before, that their gross ignorance of one another should be diminished, that they should begin to understand a little of one another's historical experience and resulting mentality. It is the fault of the English to expect the people of other countries to react as they do to political and international situations. Our genuine goodwill and good intentions are often brought to nothing, because we expect other people to be like us. This would be corrected if we knew the history, not necessarily in detail but in broad outlines, of the social and political conditions which have given to each nation its present character.
According to the author, the need for a greater understanding between nations :
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Answer: (C) is more today than ever before
Explanation
The author states in the opening sentence of the passage that at this stage of civilization, it is essential, as never before, that the gross ignorance of nations of one another should be diminished. The phrase "as never before" directly emphasizes that the necessity for mutual understanding among nations is greater in the present day than at any other point in history.
3Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and attempt Question Nos. by choosing the most appropriate option :
At this stage of civilization, when many nations are brought into close and vital contact for good and evil, it is essential, as never before, that their gross ignorance of one another should be diminished, that they should begin to understand a little of one another's historical experience and resulting mentality. It is the fault of the English to expect the people of other countries to react as they do to political and international situations. Our genuine goodwill and good intentions are often brought to nothing, because we expect other people to be like us. This would be corrected if we knew the history, not necessarily in detail but in broad outlines, of the social and political conditions which have given to each nation its present character.
According to the author, the character of a nation is the result of its :
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Answer: (D) Socio-political conditions
Explanation
The author explicitly states in the final sentence of the passage that the character of each nation is shaped by its social and political conditions. Knowing the history of these conditions, even in broad outlines, helps correct the misconception of expecting other nations to react in the same way.
4Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and attempt Question Nos. by choosing the most appropriate option :
At this stage of civilization, when many nations are brought into close and vital contact for good and evil, it is essential, as never before, that their gross ignorance of one another should be diminished, that they should begin to understand a little of one another's historical experience and resulting mentality. It is the fault of the English to expect the people of other countries to react as they do to political and international situations. Our genuine goodwill and good intentions are often brought to nothing, because we expect other people to be like us. This would be corrected if we knew the history, not necessarily in detail but in broad outlines, of the social and political conditions which have given to each nation its present character.
According to the author his countrymen should :
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Answer: (B) have a better understanding of other nations
Explanation
The author, writing from the perspective of an Englishman, points out that a major fault of his countrymen is expecting people of other countries to react to political and international situations in the exact same way they do. He highlights that this issue, along with their gross ignorance of other cultures, can be resolved if they gain knowledge of the history, social conditions, and political backgrounds that shape the unique character and mentality of each nation. Thus, he advises his countrymen to cultivate a better understanding of other nations.
5Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and attempt Question Nos. by choosing the most appropriate option :
At this stage of civilization, when many nations are brought into close and vital contact for good and evil, it is essential, as never before, that their gross ignorance of one another should be diminished, that they should begin to understand a little of one another's historical experience and resulting mentality. It is the fault of the English to expect the people of other countries to react as they do to political and international situations. Our genuine goodwill and good intentions are often brought to nothing, because we expect other people to be like us. This would be corrected if we knew the history, not necessarily in detail but in broad outlines, of the social and political conditions which have given to each nation its present character.
Englishmen like others to react to political situations like :
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Answer: (B) Themselves
Explanation
The passage states that it is a common fault of the English to expect people of other countries to react to political and international situations exactly as they themselves do. The pronoun themselves correctly refers back to Englishmen, indicating that they expect others to mirror their own reactions and behaviors in these situations.
6Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and attempt Question Nos. by choosing the most appropriate option :
At this stage of civilization, when many nations are brought into close and vital contact for good and evil, it is essential, as never before, that their gross ignorance of one another should be diminished, that they should begin to understand a little of one another's historical experience and resulting mentality. It is the fault of the English to expect the people of other countries to react as they do to political and international situations. Our genuine goodwill and good intentions are often brought to nothing, because we expect other people to be like us. This would be corrected if we knew the history, not necessarily in detail but in broad outlines, of the social and political conditions which have given to each nation its present character.
The appropriate antonym of the word "vital" is :
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Answer: (A) inessential
Explanation
The word vital is used to describe something that is absolutely necessary, essential, or of crucial importance for the success, existence, or functioning of something. The prefix in- is used to denote negation or the opposite of a quality. Therefore, adding this prefix to essential gives inessential, which means not absolutely necessary, dispensable, or of minor importance, making it the direct and appropriate antonym of vital.
7Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer that follows :
The Europeans of the Middle Ages were the great builders of the church and the castle. These two classes of buildings expressed the ideas that governed medieval life. The village was generally full of damp and dirty conditions. The town was a haphazard huddle of houses, a suitable breeding ground for plague; the castle was mainly a fortress and otherwise a dark, cold, uncomfortable dwelling. But the church was well built and grandly decorated as a local effort. The local people believed that God preferred beautiful places. Its windows were of glass and its walls were painted with pictures in bright colours. This tower, pointing upwards, directs the villagers and townspeople away from the unsatisfactory condition of worldly life towards the land of imagination.
During the Middle Ages, which of the following was given special attention ?
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Answer: (D) The castle and the church
Explanation
The passage states that the Europeans of the Middle Ages were the great builders of the church and the castle, and that these two classes of buildings expressed the ideas that governed medieval life. While villages and towns were neglected, damp, or haphazard, the castle and the church received special attention as the primary architectural focuses of the era.
8Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer that follows :
The Europeans of the Middle Ages were the great builders of the church and the castle. These two classes of buildings expressed the ideas that governed medieval life. The village was generally full of damp and dirty conditions. The town was a haphazard huddle of houses, a suitable breeding ground for plague; the castle was mainly a fortress and otherwise a dark, cold, uncomfortable dwelling. But the church was well built and grandly decorated as a local effort. The local people believed that God preferred beautiful places. Its windows were of glass and its walls were painted with pictures in bright colours. This tower, pointing upwards, directs the villagers and townspeople away from the unsatisfactory condition of worldly life towards the land of imagination.
For what reason did medieval towns become suitable places for the breeding of plague ?
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Answer: (B) Unhygienic conditions
Explanation
The passage highlights that medieval towns were characterized as a haphazard huddle of houses that served as a suitable breeding ground for the plague. This description emphasizes the highly insanitary and unhygienic environments of medieval urban centers. Without proper sanitation, waste management, and clean water, these crowded settings fostered extremely unhygienic conditions, enabling disease-carrying vectors to thrive and spread the plague.
9Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer that follows :
The Europeans of the Middle Ages were the great builders of the church and the castle. These two classes of buildings expressed the ideas that governed medieval life. The village was generally full of damp and dirty conditions. The town was a haphazard huddle of houses, a suitable breeding ground for plague; the castle was mainly a fortress and otherwise a dark, cold, uncomfortable dwelling. But the church was well built and grandly decorated as a local effort. The local people believed that God preferred beautiful places. Its windows were of glass and its walls were painted with pictures in bright colours. This tower, pointing upwards, directs the villagers and townspeople away from the unsatisfactory condition of worldly life towards the land of imagination.
Why was the medieval castle an uncomfortable place to live in ?
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Answer: (C) It was dry and cold
Explanation
The passage describes the medieval castle as primarily a fortress rather than a comfortable home, characterizing it as a dark, cold, and uncomfortable dwelling. Option c directly reflects these unfavorable conditions, pointing to the cold environment inside the fortress which made it highly uncomfortable to live in.
10Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer that follows :
The Europeans of the Middle Ages were the great builders of the church and the castle. These two classes of buildings expressed the ideas that governed medieval life. The village was generally full of damp and dirty conditions. The town was a haphazard huddle of houses, a suitable breeding ground for plague; the castle was mainly a fortress and otherwise a dark, cold, uncomfortable dwelling. But the church was well built and grandly decorated as a local effort. The local people believed that God preferred beautiful places. Its windows were of glass and its walls were painted with pictures in bright colours. This tower, pointing upwards, directs the villagers and townspeople away from the unsatisfactory condition of worldly life towards the land of imagination.
In the Middle Ages, churches were made especially beautiful because the local people believed :
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Answer: (A) that God lived in some beautiful place
Explanation
According to the passage, while villages, towns, and castles in the Middle Ages were damp, dirty, or uncomfortable, the church was well built and grandly decorated. This local effort to make the church beautiful was driven by the religious conviction of the people, as the text explicitly states that the local people believed that God preferred beautiful places.
11Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer that follows :
The Europeans of the Middle Ages were the great builders of the church and the castle. These two classes of buildings expressed the ideas that governed medieval life. The village was generally full of damp and dirty conditions. The town was a haphazard huddle of houses, a suitable breeding ground for plague; the castle was mainly a fortress and otherwise a dark, cold, uncomfortable dwelling. But the church was well built and grandly decorated as a local effort. The local people believed that God preferred beautiful places. Its windows were of glass and its walls were painted with pictures in bright colours. This tower, pointing upwards, directs the villagers and townspeople away from the unsatisfactory condition of worldly life towards the land of imagination.
How would you characterize the author's attitude towards the Middle Ages ?
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Answer: (A) Both objective and subjective
Explanation
The author's attitude combines both objective and subjective elements because the passage blends factual, historical observations with personal, interpretive commentary. On the objective side, the author presents realistic, verifiable details about the physical conditions of the Middle Ages, such as the damp and dirty state of villages, the haphazard, plague-prone layout of towns, and the specific architectural features of churches like glass windows and painted walls. On the subjective side, the author transcends mere factual reporting to interpret the internal motivations, spiritual beliefs, and psychological states of the medieval people. This is evident when the author attributes specific desires to the villagers, such as the belief that God preferred beautiful places, and offers a symbolic, imaginative reading of the church tower as a device that directs minds away from worldly hardships toward a land of imagination. This synthesis of realistic description and interpretive projection reflects an attitude that is simultaneously objective and subjective.
12Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer that follows :
The Europeans of the Middle Ages were the great builders of the church and the castle. These two classes of buildings expressed the ideas that governed medieval life. The village was generally full of damp and dirty conditions. The town was a haphazard huddle of houses, a suitable breeding ground for plague; the castle was mainly a fortress and otherwise a dark, cold, uncomfortable dwelling. But the church was well built and grandly decorated as a local effort. The local people believed that God preferred beautiful places. Its windows were of glass and its walls were painted with pictures in bright colours. This tower, pointing upwards, directs the villagers and townspeople away from the unsatisfactory condition of worldly life towards the land of imagination.
Choose the word most nearly similar in meaning to (takatki — a fixed, intent gaze) :
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Answer: (A) To gaze fixedly
Explanation
The word takatki (टकटकी) is a Hindi term that translates to a continuous, steady, or intent look at something without blinking. In English, this is described as staring steadily or gazing intently. Therefore, the phrase most nearly similar in meaning is to gaze fixedly.
13Reading Comprehension
Fill in the blanks with the correct option.
The angry Director called .................... an explanation from the student.
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Answer: (A) for
Explanation
The phrasal verb call for means to demand, require, or officially request something. In this context, the Director is demanding an explanation from the student, making called for the grammatically correct and appropriate expression.
14Logical Reasoning
Fill in the blanks with the correct option.
The Government is .................... to deal with the increasing corruption.
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Answer: (D) all the above
Explanation
The adjectives firm, determined, and resolute are synonyms that mean having or showing a fixed and unwavering purpose. In the given sentence structure, each of these words can be used interchangeably to express the government's strong and unwavering commitment to tackling the problem of increasing corruption.
15Reading Comprehension
Fill in the blanks with the correct option.
I understood exactly what you .................... .
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Answer: (C) Meant
Explanation
The sentence requires tense agreement between the main clause and the subordinate clause. Since the main verb understood is in the simple past tense, the verb in the dependent clause must also be in the past tense to maintain consistency. The past tense of the verb mean is meant, which correctly indicates that the act of meaning occurred in the past, matching the time of understanding.
16Logical Reasoning
Fill in the blanks with the correct option.
More than sixty houses were .................... in fire.
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Answer: (C) Guttered
Explanation
The word guttered in this context means to be completely hollowed out or destroyed by fire. When houses are guttered by a blaze, their interior structures and contents are entirely consumed, leaving only the outer walls standing.
17Reading Comprehension
Fill in the blanks with the correct option.
The study of the origin of words is called .................... .
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Answer: (B) Etymology
Explanation
Etymology is the scientific study of the origin of words and the historical development of their forms and meanings. By analyzing the structural components, roots, prefixes, and suffixes of words, etymology traces how words entered a language, their original sources in ancestral languages, and how their phonetic form and semantic meaning evolved over centuries.
18Logical Reasoning
An enclosure or structure adapted or prepared for keeping animals under semianatural conditions for observation or study or even as pets is called
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Answer: (A) Vivarium
Explanation
A vivarium is an enclosed structure, container, or area designed to keep and raise plants or animals under semi-natural conditions. Derived from the Latin word vivus, meaning alive, it replicates a portion of the organism's natural ecosystem on a smaller scale by controlling environmental variables such as temperature, humidity, and lighting. This controlled setup is used for scientific research, observation, or for keeping pets.
19Reading Comprehension
I'm not going to buy ________ vegetables.
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Answer: (C) Any
Explanation
In English grammar, any is used as a determiner in negative statements and questions with both countable plural nouns and uncountable nouns. The sentence contains the negative contraction I'm not, which requires any to express the absence of any quantity of the plural noun vegetables.
20Logical Reasoning
The Plane ________ before they reached the airport.
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Answer: (D) Had arrived
Explanation
When two actions in the past are related in time, the action that occurred first is expressed in the past perfect tense (had + past participle), while the subsequent action is expressed in the simple past tense. In this sentence, the plane completed its arrival before the second event (reaching the airport, which is in the simple past tense) took place. Therefore, the past perfect form had arrived is used to denote this earlier action.
21Logical Reasoning
Dr. Manoj ________ for thirty years in our college before he retired.
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Answer: (A) Had been teaching
Explanation
The sentence refers to two past events, where one ongoing action of teaching was in progress over a specific duration of thirty years up to the point of retirement. When an action was ongoing in the past up to another point or event in the past, the past perfect continuous tense is used. This tense is formed by using had been with the present participle of the verb. Therefore, had been teaching is the grammatically correct choice to complete the sentence.
22Reading Comprehension
The Lawyer was sure ________ would die ________ his money would go to his son.
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Answer: (B) that he, and that
Explanation
The adjective phrase "was sure" takes a noun clause as its complement to express the content of the certainty. When two such clauses are joined to express two parallel thoughts, they are connected using the coordinating conjunction "and". To maintain grammatical parallelism and clarity, both clauses should be introduced by the subordinating conjunction "that", resulting in the parallel structure "sure that [clause 1] and that [clause 2]". This makes "that he" and "and that" the grammatically correct choices to complete the sentence.
23Logical Reasoning
There were ________ students in the class ________ expected.
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Answer: (C) Fewer, than
Explanation
The word students is a plural countable noun, which requires the determiner fewer to indicate a smaller number. The word lesser is typically used for uncountable nouns or to mean of lower quality or importance. For making a comparison, the conjunction than is used to introduce the second element, while then is used to indicate time or sequence. Therefore, fewer and than correctly complete the sentence.
24Logical Reasoning
Either my brother ................ held responsible for the theft.
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Answer: (D) Or I am
Explanation
The correlative conjunction either... or connects two subjects, and the verb must agree with the subject closest to it. In this sentence, the subject closer to the verb is the first-person singular pronoun I, which requires the verb am. Combining these elements provides the conjunction or, the subject pronoun I, and the auxiliary verb am to form the grammatically correct passive verb phrase am held.
25Reading Comprehension
Read the passage below and solve the questions based on it.
Number of taxi drivers and auto drivers working in three shifts are given below:
Vehicle | Shift | Number of drivers | Working hours | Total collection (in Rs. thousands)
Taxi | M1 | 425 | 10 | 132.1
Taxi | M2 | 672 | 8 | 240.2
Taxi | M3 | 135 | 6 | 42.3
Auto | M1 | 350 | 9 | 57.3
Auto | M2 | 425 | 8 | 100.8
Auto | M3 | 95 | 7 | 18.9
A taxi driver charges Rs. 13 for every 1.6 km, while an auto driver charges Rs. 8 for every 1.3 km. For the night shift, charges are 1.5 times the normal rate. In case of Auto, M3 is the night shift.
By what percentage is the average collection per taxi driver more during the M2 shift than during the M1 shift ?
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Answer: (B) 15%
Explanation
Average collection per taxi driver during the M1 shift is calculated by dividing the total collection of taxi drivers in M1 by the number of drivers in M1.
Total collection in M1 = 132.1 thousand rupees = 132,100 rupees
Number of drivers in M1 = 425
Average collection per taxi driver in M1 = 132,100 / 425 ≈ 310.82 rupees
Average collection per taxi driver during the M2 shift is calculated by dividing the total collection of taxi drivers in M2 by the number of drivers in M2.
Total collection in M2 = 240.2 thousand rupees = 240,200 rupees
Number of drivers in M2 = 672
Average collection per taxi driver in M2 = 240,200 / 672 ≈ 357.44 rupees
The percentage by which the average collection per taxi driver is more during the M2 shift than during the M1 shift is calculated using the percentage increase formula:
Percentage increase = ((357.44 - 310.82) / 310.82) × 100
Percentage increase = (46.62 / 310.82) × 100 ≈ 14.99% ≈ 15%
26Quantitative Aptitude
Read the passage below and solve the questions based on it.
Number of taxi drivers and auto drivers working in three shifts are given below:
Vehicle | Shift | Number of drivers | Working hours | Total collection (in Rs. thousands)
Taxi | M1 | 425 | 10 | 132.1
Taxi | M2 | 672 | 8 | 240.2
Taxi | M3 | 135 | 6 | 42.3
Auto | M1 | 350 | 9 | 57.3
Auto | M2 | 425 | 8 | 100.8
Auto | M3 | 95 | 7 | 18.9
A taxi driver charges Rs. 13 for every 1.6 km, while an auto driver charges Rs. 8 for every 1.3 km. For the night shift, charges are 1.5 times the normal rate. In case of Auto, M3 is the night shift.
Who get the highest returns for their efforts with respect to work hours ?
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Answer: (C) Taxi drivers - M3 Shift
Explanation
The return for effort with respect to work hours is determined by the return per driver-hour, which is calculated as:
Return per driver-hour = Total Collection / (Number of Drivers × Working Hours)
For Taxi drivers - M3 Shift:
Total Collection = ₹42.3 thousand = ₹42,300
Number of Drivers = 135
Working Hours = 6
Total Driver-Hours = 135 × 6 = 810
Return per driver-hour = 42300 / 810 ≈ ₹52.22
For Taxi drivers - M2 Shift:
Total Collection = ₹240.2 thousand = ₹240,200
Number of Drivers = 672
Working Hours = 8
Total Driver-Hours = 672 × 8 = 5376
Return per driver-hour = 240200 / 5376 ≈ ₹44.68
For Auto drivers - M3 Shift:
Total Collection = ₹18.9 thousand = ₹18,900
Number of Drivers = 95
Working Hours = 7
Total Driver-Hours = 95 × 7 = 665
Return per driver-hour = 18900 / 665 ≈ ₹28.42
For Auto drivers - M1 Shift:
Total Collection = ₹57.3 thousand = ₹57,300
Number of Drivers = 350
Working Hours = 9
Total Driver-Hours = 350 × 9 = 3150
Return per driver-hour = 57300 / 3150 ≈ ₹18.19
Comparing these values, the Taxi drivers in the M3 shift receive the highest return per driver-hour of approximately ₹52.22.
27Reading Comprehension
Read the passage below and solve the questions based on it.
Number of taxi drivers and auto drivers working in three shifts are given below:
Vehicle | Shift | Number of drivers | Working hours | Total collection (in Rs. thousands)
Taxi | M1 | 425 | 10 | 132.1
Taxi | M2 | 672 | 8 | 240.2
Taxi | M3 | 135 | 6 | 42.3
Auto | M1 | 350 | 9 | 57.3
Auto | M2 | 425 | 8 | 100.8
Auto | M3 | 95 | 7 | 18.9
A taxi driver charges Rs. 13 for every 1.6 km, while an auto driver charges Rs. 8 for every 1.3 km. For the night shift, charges are 1.5 times the normal rate. In case of Auto, M3 is the night shift.
Which of the following is false ?
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Answer: (C) The percentage of drivers during the M3 shift is 21% of the total drivers
Explanation
To find the percentage of drivers working in the M3 shift, we calculate the total number of drivers across all shifts and vehicles, and the number of drivers working specifically in the M3 shift:
Since the actual percentage of drivers during the M3 shift is approximately 10.94%, the statement claiming it is 21% is false.
28Quantitative Aptitude
Refer to the table given below and answer the questions.
The following table gives some incomplete information on the marks obtained by four persons Amit, Binit, Charu and Dilip in four different subjects.
Subject | Physics | Chemistry | Maths | English | Total
Amit | 80 | 70 | -- | 80 | --
Binit | 60 | -- | 60 | -- | --
Charu | -- | -- | 60 | -- | 220
Dilip | 90 | -- | 70 | 60 | --
Additional information :
Amit's average marks were 72.5 in all the four subjects.
The average marks in Physics for all four persons were 67.5.
Binit's average marks for all four subjects were 1.5 times Charu's marks in Physics.
Who scored the lowest total ?
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Answer: (C) Charu
Explanation
Amit's total marks = 72.5 × 4 = 290.
The total marks of all four persons in Physics = 67.5 × 4 = 270.
Subtracting the known Physics marks of Amit, Binit, and Dilip, Charu's Physics marks = 270 - (80 + 60 + 90) = 40.
Binit's average marks = 1.5 × Charu's Physics marks = 1.5 × 40 = 60.
Binit's total marks = 60 × 4 = 240.
Charu's total marks are given as 220.
Dilip's total marks = 90 (Physics) + 70 (Maths) + 60 (English) + Chemistry marks = 220 + Chemistry marks.
Assuming Dilip scored positive marks in Chemistry, his total exceeds 220, which makes Charu's total of 220 the lowest among all four persons.
29Quantitative Aptitude
Refer to the table given below and answer the questions.
The following table gives some incomplete information on the marks obtained by four persons Amit, Binit, Charu and Dilip in four different subjects.
Subject | Physics | Chemistry | Maths | English | Total
Amit | 80 | 70 | -- | 80 | --
Binit | 60 | -- | 60 | -- | --
Charu | -- | -- | 60 | -- | 220
Dilip | 90 | -- | 70 | 60 | --
Additional information :
Amit's average marks were 72.5 in all the four subjects.
The average marks in Physics for all four persons were 67.5.
Binit's average marks for all four subjects were 1.5 times Charu's marks in Physics.
The average marks for all four persons (for all the four subjects) are (approx.) :
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Answer: (A) 65.625
Explanation
To find the average marks for all four persons across all four subjects, we can find the sum of the total marks obtained in each of the four subjects and divide by the total number of subject-student combinations, which is 16.
Total Physics Marks:
The average marks in Physics for all four persons were 67.5.
Total Physics marks = 67.5 × 4 = 270.
Since Amit (80) + Binit (60) + Charu (Physics marks) + Dilip (90) = 270, Charu's Physics marks = 40.
Total English Marks:
The average English marks were the same as the average Physics marks, which is 67.5.
Total English marks = 67.5 × 4 = 270.
From the table, Dilip's English mark is 60. Since Binit and Dilip scored the same marks in English, Binit's English mark is also 60.
Total Chemistry Marks:
The total marks in Chemistry were 10 less than the total marks in Physics.
Total Chemistry marks = 270 - 10 = 260.
Total Mathematics Marks:
Amit's average marks were 72.5 in all four subjects.
Amit's total marks = 72.5 × 4 = 290.
Using Amit's individual marks, we have: Physics (80) + Chemistry (70) + Maths (Amit's Maths marks) + English (80) = 290.
This gives Amit's Maths marks = 60.
The Maths marks of the other three persons are given in the table as Binit (60), Charu (60), and Dilip (70).
Total Mathematics marks = 60 + 60 + 60 + 70 = 250.
Grand Total Marks:
Grand Total = Total Physics + Total Chemistry + Total Mathematics + Total English
Grand Total = 270 + 260 + 250 + 270 = 1050.
Overall Average:
Average marks for all four persons across all subjects = 1050 / 16 = 65.625.
30Logical Reasoning
Refer to the table given below and answer the questions.
The following table gives some incomplete information on the marks obtained by four persons Amit, Binit, Charu and Dilip in four different subjects.
Subject | Physics | Chemistry | Maths | English | Total
Amit | 80 | 70 | -- | 80 | --
Binit | 60 | -- | 60 | -- | --
Charu | -- | -- | 60 | -- | 220
Dilip | 90 | -- | 70 | 60 | --
Additional information :
Amit's average marks were 72.5 in all the four subjects.
The average marks in Physics for all four persons were 67.5.
Binit's average marks for all four subjects were 1.5 times Charu's marks in Physics.
Who is the highest scorer in Chemistry ?
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Answer: (D) Dilip
Explanation
Based on the given table and additional information, we can calculate the marks obtained by each person in every subject step-by-step.
First, let us analyze Amit's marks:
Amit's average marks in all four subjects = 72.5
Amit's total marks = 72.5 × 4 = 290
Since Amit scored 80 in Physics, 70 in Chemistry, and 80 in English:
Amit's Maths marks = 290 - (80 + 70 + 80) = 60
Next, let us find Charu's marks in Physics:
Average Physics marks for all four persons = 67.5
Total Physics marks for all four persons = 67.5 × 4 = 270
Charu's Physics marks = 270 - (80 + 60 + 90) = 40
Now, let us analyze Binit's marks:
Binit's average marks = 1.5 × Charu's Physics marks = 1.5 × 40 = 60
Binit's total marks = 60 × 4 = 240
Let us analyze the English marks:
Average English marks = Average Physics marks = 67.5
Total English marks = 67.5 × 4 = 270
Since Binit and Dilip scored the same marks in English, let this be e.
Total English marks = Amit (80) + Binit (e) + Charu (Eng_Charu) + Dilip (e) = 270
This gives: 2e + Eng_Charu = 190
For Binit's row:
Binit's Physics (60) + Maths (60) + Chemistry (Chem_Binit) + English (e) = 240
This gives: Chem_Binit + e = 120
For Charu's row:
Charu's Physics (40) + Maths (60) + Chemistry (Chem_Charu) + English (Eng_Charu) = 220
This gives: Chem_Charu + Eng_Charu = 120
Solving for the system of equations with e = 60:
Eng_Charu = 190 - 2 × 60 = 70
Chem_Charu = 120 - 70 = 50
Chem_Binit = 120 - 60 = 60
Now, let us find the Chemistry marks:
Total Chemistry marks = Total Physics marks - 10 = 270 - 10 = 260
Amit (70) + Binit (60) + Charu (50) + Dilip (Chem_Dilip) = 260
This gives: Chem_Dilip = 260 - 180 = 80
The Chemistry scores of the four persons are:
Amit: 70 marks
Binit: 60 marks
Charu: 50 marks
Dilip: 80 marks
Dilip is the highest scorer in Chemistry with 80 marks.
31Quantitative Aptitude
Refer to the table given below and answer the questions.
The following table gives some incomplete information on the marks obtained by four persons Amit, Binit, Charu and Dilip in four different subjects.
Subject | Physics | Chemistry | Maths | English | Total
Amit | 80 | 70 | -- | 80 | --
Binit | 60 | -- | 60 | -- | --
Charu | -- | -- | 60 | -- | 220
Dilip | 90 | -- | 70 | 60 | --
Additional information :
Amit's average marks were 72.5 in all the four subjects.
The average marks in Physics for all four persons were 67.5.
Binit's average marks for all four subjects were 1.5 times Charu's marks in Physics.
Who is the lowest scorer in Physics ?
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Answer: (C) Charu
Explanation
The average marks in Physics for all four persons is given as 67.5. Since there are four persons, the sum of marks obtained by all of them in Physics is:
67.5 × 4 = 270
From the table, the marks in Physics for Amit, Binit, and Dilip are 80, 60, and 90 respectively. Adding these scores gives:
80 + 60 + 90 = 230
Subtracting this sum from the total marks in Physics gives Charu's marks in Physics:
270 - 230 = 40
Comparing the Physics scores of all four persons:
Amit: 80
Binit: 60
Charu: 40
Dilip: 90
Charu has the lowest score with 40 marks.
32Quantitative Aptitude
The greatest number that divides 148, 246, 263 leaving remainders of 4, 6, 11 respectively, is :
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Answer: (B) 12
Explanation
To find the greatest number that divides 148, 246, and 263 leaving remainders of 4, 6, and 11 respectively, subtract the remainders from the corresponding numbers:
148 - 4 = 144
246 - 6 = 240
263 - 11 = 252
The required greatest number is the Highest Common Factor (HCF) of these resulting numbers: HCF(144, 240, 252).
Taking the lowest power of the common prime factors (2 and 3):
HCF = 2² × 3 = 4 × 3 = 12
33Quantitative Aptitude
If HCF and LCM of two numbers is 16 and 240 respectively and one of the number is 48, then the other number is :
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Answer: (C) 80
Explanation
For any two positive integers, the product of their Highest Common Factor (HCF) and Least Common Multiple (LCM) is equal to the product of the two numbers.
Number₁ × Number₂ = HCF × LCM
Substituting the given values into the relation:
48 × Number₂ = 16 × 240
Number₂ = (16 × 240) / 48
Number₂ = 240 / 3
Number₂ = 80
34Quantitative Aptitude
Three men start together to travel the same way around a circular track of 11 kms. Their speeds are 4, 5½ and 8 kms per hour respectively. When will they meet at the starting point ?
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Answer: (A) 22 hrs
Explanation
To find the time when the three men meet at the starting point, we first calculate the time taken by each person to complete one full round of the 11 km circular track using the formula Time = Distance ÷ Speed.
For the first man, the time taken is 11/4 hours.
For the second man, the speed is 5½ or 11/2 km/hr, so the time taken is 11 ÷ (11/2) = 2 hours (or 2/1 hours).
For the third man, the time taken is 11/8 hours.
The men will meet at the starting point after a time period that is the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of these individual times. For fractions, LCM is calculated using the formula:
LCM of fractions = LCM of numerators ÷ HCF of denominators
Applying this formula to 11/4, 2/1, and 11/8:
LCM of the numerators (11, 2, 11) = 22
HCF of the denominators (4, 1, 8) = 1
Thus, LCM = 22 ÷ 1 = 22 hours.
35Quantitative Aptitude
A man spends 2/5 of his salary on food, 3/10 of his salary on house rent and 1/8 of the salary on clothes. He still has Rs. 1,400 left with him. His salary is :
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Answer: (B) 8,000
Explanation
Let the total salary be S.
The total fraction of the salary spent on food, house rent, and clothes is calculated by adding the individual fractions:
Total spent = 2/5 + 3/10 + 1/8
The least common multiple of the denominators 5, 10, and 8 is 40. Converting the fractions:
Total spent = 16/40 + 12/40 + 5/40 = 33/40
The remaining portion of the salary is:
Remaining fraction = 1 - 33/40 = 7/40
Since the remaining money is Rs. 1,400, we set up the equation:
(7/40) × S = 1400
Solving for S:
S = 1400 × (40/7)
S = 200 × 40
S = 8000
36Quantitative Aptitude
Oil is now being sold at Rs. 27 per kg. During last month its cost was Rs. 24 per kg. How much % a family reduces its consumption so as to keep the expenditure fixed.
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Answer: (D) 11⅑
Explanation
Expenditure is the product of price and consumption. To keep the expenditure constant when the price of a commodity increases, the percentage reduction in consumption is calculated using the formula:
Percentage reduction in consumption = (Increase in price / New price) × 100
Here, the original price of oil is Rs. 24 per kg and the new price is Rs. 27 per kg.
A discount of 16% on the marked price of a book enables a man to buy a pen which costs Rs. 80. The amount he paid for the book is :
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Answer: (C) 420
Explanation
Let the marked price of the book be M. Since the 16% discount on the marked price of the book equals the cost of the pen, which is Rs. 80, we have:
16% of M = 80
16/100 × M = 80
M = (80 × 100) / 16 = 500
The marked price of the book is Rs. 500. The amount paid for the book is the marked price after subtracting the discount:
Amount paid = 500 - 80 = 420
38Quantitative Aptitude
What sum of money lent out at compound interest will amount to Rs. 968 in 2 years at 10% p.a., interest being charged annually ?
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Answer: (B) 800
Explanation
The formula for the compound interest amount is A = P(1 + r/100)ⁿ, where A is the final amount, P is the principal sum of money, r is the rate of interest, and n is the number of years.
Substituting the given values, A = 968, r = 10, and n = 2:
968 = P(1 + 10/100)²
968 = P(1.1)²
968 = 1.21P
P = 968 / 1.21
P = 800
39Quantitative Aptitude
A train is scheduled to cover the distance between two stations 46 kg apart in one hour. If it travels 25 km at a speed of 40 km/h, the speed for the remaining journey to complete it in schedule time is :
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Answer: (A) 56 km/h
Explanation
The total distance to be covered is 46 km and the scheduled time is 1 hour.
For the first part of the journey:
Distance = 25 km
Speed = 40 km/h
Time taken (t₁) = Distance / Speed = 25 / 40 = 5/8 hour
For the remaining part of the journey:
Remaining distance = 46 - 25 = 21 km
Remaining time (t₂) = 1 - 5/8 = 3/8 hour
The speed required to complete the remaining journey in the remaining scheduled time is:
Speed = Remaining distance / Remaining time = 21 / (3/8) = (21 × 8) / 3 = 7 × 8 = 56 km/h
40Quantitative Aptitude
Five litres of water is added to a certain quantity of pure milk costing Rs. 3 per litre. If by selling the mixture at the same price as before, a profit of 20% is made. What is the amount of pure milk in the mixture ?
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Answer: (D) 25 L
Explanation
When a mixture of milk and water is sold at the cost price of pure milk, the profit percentage obtained is directly proportional to the ratio of the quantity of water added to the quantity of pure milk. The standard formula for this relationship is:
Profit % = (Quantity of Water / Quantity of Milk) × 100
Let the quantity of pure milk be M. Substituting the given values:
20 = (5 / M) × 100
M = (5 × 100) / 20
M = 25 L
41Quantitative Aptitude
Kamal can row a certain distance downstream in 12 h and can return the same distance in 18 h. If the stream flows at the rate of 6 km/h, then the speed of Kamal in still water is :
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Answer: (A) 30 km/h
Explanation
Using the direct relation between downstream time (t₁), upstream time (t₂), the speed of the boat in still water (x), and the speed of the stream (y):
x / y = (t₂ + t₁) / (t₂ - t₁)
Substituting the given values, where t₁ = 12 h, t₂ = 18 h, and y = 6 km/h:
x / 6 = (18 + 12) / (18 - 12)
x / 6 = 30 / 6
x = 30
42Quantitative Aptitude
The ratio of alcohol and water in a mixture of 44 L is 6 : 5. How much water should be added to the mixture to make the ratio of alcohol and water 2 : 3 ?
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Answer: (B) 16 L
Explanation
The initial mixture of 44 L contains alcohol and water in the ratio 6 : 5. The sum of the ratio terms is 6 + 5 = 11 parts.
The value of 1 part is 44 ÷ 11 = 4 L.
This gives the initial quantity of alcohol as 6 × 4 = 24 L and water as 5 × 4 = 20 L.
Since only water is added to the mixture, the quantity of alcohol remains constant at 24 L. In the new mixture, the ratio of alcohol to water is 2 : 3.
Let the amount of water added be x L. The ratio of alcohol to the new quantity of water is:
24 ÷ (20 + x) = 2 ÷ 3
Cross-multiplying the terms:
2 × (20 + x) = 24 × 3
40 + 2x = 72
2x = 32
x = 16 L
43Quantitative Aptitude
The average age of all the students in a class is 20 years. The average age of boys is 25 years while the average age of girls is 15 years. If the number of girls in the class is 10, then the number of boys in the class is :
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Answer: (C) 10
Explanation
Using the rule of alligation, the ratio of the number of boys to the number of girls is:
Ratio of boys to girls = (Average age of class - Average age of girls) : (Average age of boys - Average age of class)
Ratio = (20 - 15) : (25 - 20) = 5 : 5 = 1 : 1
Since the ratio of boys to girls is 1 : 1 and the number of girls is 10, the number of boys in the class is also 10.
44Logical Reasoning
Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it:
(i) Eight persons E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L are seated around a square table two on each side.
(ii) There are three lady members and they are not seated next to each other.
(iii) J is between L and F.
(iv) G is between I and F.
(v) H, a lady member, is second to the left of J.
(vi) F, a male member is seated opposite E, a lady member
(vii) There is a lady member between F and I.
Who among the following is seated between E and H ?
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Answer: (D) K
Explanation
Based on the given information, we can determine the positions and genders of the eight persons around the square table:
Identify the Genders:
There are three lady members.
H is a lady member (from v).
E is a lady member (from vi).
G is a lady member because G is between I and F (from iv), and there is a lady member between F and I (from vii).
The remaining members (F, I, J, K, and L) are male.
Determine the Relative Seating:
J is between L and F, which means they are seated in the order L-J-F or F-J-L.
G is between I and F, which means they are seated in the order I-G-F or F-G-I.
Since H is second to the left of J (facing inwards, clockwise is to the left), the order must be F-J-L-H. If it were L-J-F, then the second to the left of J would be G, which contradicts the information.
Combining these, we get the clockwise sequence: I, G, F, J, L, H.
Complete the Table Layout:
There are 8 positions (2 on each side of the square table).
Since F (a male) is opposite E (a lady), and no two ladies can sit next to each other:
Side 1 (Top): I, G
Side 2 (Right): F, J
Side 3 (Bottom): L, H
Side 4 (Left): K, E
In this configuration, G (at position 2), H (at position 6), and E (at position 8) are not next to each other, satisfying all conditions.
Looking at the Left and Bottom sides, K is seated at position 7, which is between E (at position 8) and H (at position 6).
45Logical Reasoning
Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it:
(i) Eight persons E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L are seated around a square table two on each side.
(ii) There are three lady members and they are not seated next to each other.
(iii) J is between L and F.
(iv) G is between I and F.
(v) H, a lady member, is second to the left of J.
(vi) F, a male member is seated opposite E, a lady member
(vii) There is a lady member between F and I.
How many persons are seated between K and F ?
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Answer: (C) Three
Explanation
To find the seating arrangement, we first identify the gender of the members based on the given clues:
There are three lady members and they do not sit next to each other.
E is a lady member, and H is a lady member.
There is a lady member between F and I. Since G is between F and I, G must be the third lady member.
Therefore, the three lady members are E, H, and G. The remaining five members (F, I, J, K, L) are male.
Next, we establish the consecutive seating order of the members:
J is between L and F, giving the sequence L - J - F.
G is between I and F, giving the sequence I - G - F.
Combining these, we get the continuous block of five people: I - G - F - J - L (or its reverse L - J - F - G - I). Since G (lady) sits between I (male) and F (male), the condition that no two ladies are adjacent is respected.
Now, we place the remaining members (H, E, and K) to complete the 8-person square table:
F (male) is seated opposite E (lady).
H (lady) is second to the left of J.
This gives the complete clockwise seating arrangement:
E (lady) → I (male) → G (lady) → F (male) → J (male) → L (male) → H (lady) → K (male)
In this 8-person circular/square arrangement, K and F are seated opposite to each other (separated by exactly 3 positions on either side).
If we count clockwise from K to F, the persons seated between them are E, I, and G (three persons).
If we count counter-clockwise from K to F, the persons seated between them are H, L, and J (three persons).
Thus, there are exactly three persons seated between K and F.
46Logical Reasoning
Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it:
(i) Eight persons E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L are seated around a square table two on each side.
(ii) There are three lady members and they are not seated next to each other.
(iii) J is between L and F.
(iv) G is between I and F.
(v) H, a lady member, is second to the left of J.
(vi) F, a male member is seated opposite E, a lady member
(vii) There is a lady member between F and I.
Who among the following are the three lady members ?
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Answer: (B) E, H and G
Explanation
The three lady members can be determined directly from the given statements:
First, statement v explicitly identifies H as a lady member.
Second, statement vi explicitly identifies E as a lady member.
Third, statement iv states that G is between I and F, while statement vii states that there is a lady member between F and I. Since G is the only person seated between F and I, G must be that lady member.
Combining these facts, the three lady members are E, H, and G.
47Logical Reasoning
Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it:
(i) Eight persons E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L are seated around a square table two on each side.
(ii) There are three lady members and they are not seated next to each other.
(iii) J is between L and F.
(iv) G is between I and F.
(v) H, a lady member, is second to the left of J.
(vi) F, a male member is seated opposite E, a lady member
(vii) There is a lady member between F and I.
Who among the following is to the immediate left of F ?
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Answer: (C) J
Explanation
Based on the given information, we can determine the seating arrangement by combining the clues. J is between L and F, and G is between I and F. Since F is the common person in both clues, F must be seated between J and G. This gives us the sequence L, J, F, G, I. Because F is between J and G, the immediate neighbors of F are J and G. Under the correct seating orientation that satisfies all conditions including the non-adjacent placement of the three lady members (E, G, and H), J is seated to the immediate left of F.
48Logical Reasoning
Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it:
(i) Eight persons E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L are seated around a square table two on each side.
(ii) There are three lady members and they are not seated next to each other.
(iii) J is between L and F.
(iv) G is between I and F.
(v) H, a lady member, is second to the left of J.
(vi) F, a male member is seated opposite E, a lady member
(vii) There is a lady member between F and I.
Which of the following is true about J ?
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Answer: (A) J is a male member
Explanation
From the given information, we can determine the gender of the members as follows:
First, statement (ii) specifies that there are exactly three lady members in the group of eight.
Second, statement (v) directly identifies H as a lady member.
Third, statement (vi) directly identifies E as a lady member.
Fourth, statement (vii) states that there is a lady member between F and I. Since statement (iv) tells us that G is seated between I and F, G must be this lady member.
Since H, E, and G account for all three lady members, the remaining five members must be male. Therefore, J is a male member.
49Logical Reasoning
Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below:
There are six children playing football namely A, B, C, D, E and F. A and E are brothers. F is the sister of E. C is the only son of A's uncle. B and D are the daughters of the brother of C's father.
How is C related to F ?
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Answer: (A) Cousin
Explanation
From the given information, A and E are brothers, and F is the sister of E, which means A, E, and F are siblings sharing the same parents. C is the only son of A's uncle. Since A and F are siblings, they share the same uncles. This means C's father is the uncle of A, E, and F. Consequently, C is the cousin of A, E, and F. Therefore, C is related to F as a cousin.
50Logical Reasoning
Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below:
There are six children playing football namely A, B, C, D, E and F. A and E are brothers. F is the sister of E. C is the only son of A's uncle. B and D are the daughters of the brother of C's father.
How is D related to A ?
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Answer: (B) Sister
Explanation
From the given information, A, E, and F are siblings because A and E are brothers and F is the sister of E.
C is the son of A's uncle, which means C's father is the uncle of A, E, and F.
The brother of C's father is therefore the father of A, E, and F.
Since B and D are the daughters of the brother of C's father, B and D are the daughters of A's father. This makes D the sister of A.
51Logical Reasoning
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it:
All the roads of a city are either perpendicular or parallel to one another. The roads are all straight. Roads A, B, C, D and E are parallel to one another. Roads G, H, I, J, K, L and M are parallel to one another.
(i) Road A is 1 km east of road B.
(ii) Road B is ½ km west of road C.
(iii) Road D is 1 km west of road E.
(iv) Road G is ½ km south of road H.
(v) Road I is 1 km north of road J.
(vi) Road K is ½ km north of road L
(vii) Road K is 1 km south of road M.
Which is necessarily true ?
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Answer: (D) M is 1.5 km north of L
Explanation
From statements (vi) and (vii), the relative positions of roads K, L, and M can be determined. Since G, H, I, J, K, L, and M are parallel roads running in the east-west direction, we can represent their relative north-south positions along a vertical axis.
According to statement (vi), road K is ½ km north of road L:
y_K = y_L + 0.5
According to statement (vii), road K is 1 km south of road M, which means road M is 1 km north of road K:
y_M = y_K + 1
Substituting the expression for y_K into the second equation:
y_M = (y_L + 0.5) + 1 = y_L + 1.5
This shows that road M is 1.5 km north of road L.
52Logical Reasoning
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it:
All the roads of a city are either perpendicular or parallel to one another. The roads are all straight. Roads A, B, C, D and E are parallel to one another. Roads G, H, I, J, K, L and M are parallel to one another.
(i) Road A is 1 km east of road B.
(ii) Road B is ½ km west of road C.
(iii) Road D is 1 km west of road E.
(iv) Road G is ½ km south of road H.
(v) Road I is 1 km north of road J.
(vi) Road K is ½ km north of road L
(vii) Road K is 1 km south of road M.
If E is between B and C, which of the following is false ?
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Answer: (A) D is 2 km west of A
Explanation
Let us define the positions of the parallel north-south roads on a coordinate axis where east is positive.
Taking road B as the origin (0):
A is 1 km east of B, so A = 1.
B is ½ km west of C, so C is ½ km east of B, meaning C = 0.5.
Since E is between B and C, its position must be between 0 and 0.5 (0 < E < 0.5).
D is 1 km west of E, so D = E - 1.
Substituting the range of E:
0 - 1 < D < 0.5 - 1
-1 < D < -0.5
The distance between A and D is given by A - D = 1 - D.
Since D is strictly greater than -1, we have:
1 - D < 1 - (-1) = 2
Thus, D is strictly less than 2 km west of A. Therefore, the statement that D is 2 km west of A is false.
53Logical Reasoning
Study the information given below and answer the questions that follow:
(i) A, B, C, D, E and F are six students in a class.
(ii) B and C are shorter than F but heavier than A.
(iii) D is heavier than B and taller than C.
(iv) E is shorter than D but taller than F.
(v) F is heavier than D.
(vi) A is shorter than E but taller than F.
Who among them is the tallest ?
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Answer: (C) D
Explanation
By analyzing the height relationships given in the statements, we can determine the order of heights from tallest to shortest.
From statement (iv), D is taller than E, and E is taller than F, which gives D > E > F.
From statement (vi), E is taller than A, and A is taller than F, which gives E > A > F.
From statement (ii), F is taller than both B and C, which gives F > B and F > C.
Combining these relations, D is taller than E, E is taller than both A and F, and F is taller than both B and C. This establishes that D is taller than all other five students: D > E > A > F > B/C. Therefore, D is the tallest student.
54Logical Reasoning
Study the information given below and answer the questions that follow:
(i) A, B, C, D, E and F are six students in a class.
(ii) B and C are shorter than F but heavier than A.
(iii) D is heavier than B and taller than C.
(iv) E is shorter than D but taller than F.
(v) F is heavier than D.
(vi) A is shorter than E but taller than F.
Who is third from the top when they are arranged in descending order of height ?
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Answer: (A) A
Explanation
By translating the statements regarding the heights of the students into inequalities, we can determine their descending order:
From statement (iv), E is shorter than D but taller than F:
H_D > H_E > H_F
From statement (vi), A is shorter than E but taller than F:
H_E > H_A > H_F
Combining these two relations gives:
H_D > H_E > H_A > H_F
From statement (ii), both B and C are shorter than F:
H_F > H_B and H_F > H_C
This completes the descending order of heights from tallest to shortest:
D > E > A > F > (B, C)
Looking at this sequence, A is the third student from the top.
55Logical Reasoning
Study the information given below and answer the questions that follow:
(i) A, B, C, D, E and F are six students in a class.
(ii) B and C are shorter than F but heavier than A.
(iii) D is heavier than B and taller than C.
(iv) E is shorter than D but taller than F.
(v) F is heavier than D.
(vi) A is shorter than E but taller than F.
Which of the following group of friends is shorter than A ?
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Answer: (D) F, B, C only
Explanation
Based on the given statements, we can determine the relative heights of the students.
From statement (vi), A is taller than F (A > F).
From statement (iv), E is taller than F (E > F) and D is taller than E (D > E). Combining this with statement (vi) gives the sequence D > E > A > F.
From statement (ii), F is taller than both B and C (F > B and F > C).
Combining all these height relationships gives the overall order of heights: D > E > A > F > B, C.
From this sequence, it is clear that F, B, and C are all shorter than A.
56Decision Making
On the basis of the following conditions and the information provided in each question below, decide which of the following courses of action should be taken against each candidate.
Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it. The following are the conditions for selecting managers by a company.
The candidate must
(1) Be a graduate in Commerce with 60% marks.
(2) Have ICWA or CA as conditional qualification
(3) Have worked at least 10 years in supervisory position
(4) Not be more than 40 years as on 20.03.1993.
(5) Have fluency in English and Hindi
In the case of a candidate
(6) Who fulfils all conditions except at (1) above but has post-graduate degree with Accountancy or Economics, the case will be referred to the Finance Director.
(7) Who fulfils all conditions except at (2) above but has an M.B.A. degree from a reputed management institute, the case will be referred to the Managing Director.
(8) Working in the same company for the last 15 years as an accountant, the condition at (3) above may be waived but the case will have to be referred to the General Manager-Accounts for his comments.
(9) Who does not provide the complete information, the application will be rejected and the candidate will not be selected even if he satisfies all other conditions.
Madhav Singh is a first class Commerce graduate and has completed his M.B.A. course from a reputed management institute. He was 35 years old as on 18th September, 1992. He is fluent in English and Hindi. He has been working as a supervisor for the last six years.
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Answer: (A) If the candidate is not to be selected
Explanation
The criteria require the candidate to have worked at least 10 years in a supervisory position as per condition 3. Madhav Singh has only 6 years of experience as a supervisor. While condition 8 allows for a waiver of this requirement, it is only applicable if the candidate has been working in the same company for the last 15 years as an accountant, which is not the case for Madhav Singh. Since he fails to meet the experience requirement and does not qualify for any waiver, he cannot be selected.
57Decision Making
On the basis of the following conditions and the information provided in each question below, decide which of the following courses of action should be taken against each candidate.
Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it. The following are the conditions for selecting managers by a company.
The candidate must
(1) Be a graduate in Commerce with 60% marks.
(2) Have ICWA or CA as conditional qualification
(3) Have worked at least 10 years in supervisory position
(4) Not be more than 40 years as on 20.03.1993.
(5) Have fluency in English and Hindi
In the case of a candidate
(6) Who fulfils all conditions except at (1) above but has post-graduate degree with Accountancy or Economics, the case will be referred to the Finance Director.
(7) Who fulfils all conditions except at (2) above but has an M.B.A. degree from a reputed management institute, the case will be referred to the Managing Director.
(8) Working in the same company for the last 15 years as an accountant, the condition at (3) above may be waived but the case will have to be referred to the General Manager-Accounts for his comments.
(9) Who does not provide the complete information, the application will be rejected and the candidate will not be selected even if he satisfies all other conditions.
Vandana Yadav is a Commerce graduate with 68% marks. She was 34 years old as on 5th January, 1993. She is fluent in Hindi and English and also is a Chartered Accountant. She has been working in an organization as a supervisor for the last 16 years.
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Answer: (B) If the candidate is to be selected
Explanation
Vandana Yadav meets all the specified selection criteria:
First, she is a graduate in Commerce with 68% marks, which satisfies the requirement of at least 60% marks.
Second, she is a Chartered Accountant, which fulfills the required qualification of CA or ICWA.
Third, she has worked in an organization as a supervisor for 16 years, satisfying the condition of at least 10 years in a supervisory position.
Fourth, being 34 years old as of 5th January 1993, she is well under the maximum age limit of 40 years as of 20th March 1993.
Fifth, she is fluent in both English and Hindi, satisfying the language proficiency requirement.
Since she satisfies all five primary criteria, she meets the requirements for the position.
58Decision Making
On the basis of the following conditions and the information provided in each question below, decide which of the following courses of action should be taken against each candidate.
Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it. The following are the conditions for selecting managers by a company.
The candidate must
(1) Be a graduate in Commerce with 60% marks.
(2) Have ICWA or CA as conditional qualification
(3) Have worked at least 10 years in supervisory position
(4) Not be more than 40 years as on 20.03.1993.
(5) Have fluency in English and Hindi
In the case of a candidate
(6) Who fulfils all conditions except at (1) above but has post-graduate degree with Accountancy or Economics, the case will be referred to the Finance Director.
(7) Who fulfils all conditions except at (2) above but has an M.B.A. degree from a reputed management institute, the case will be referred to the Managing Director.
(8) Working in the same company for the last 15 years as an accountant, the condition at (3) above may be waived but the case will have to be referred to the General Manager-Accounts for his comments.
(9) Who does not provide the complete information, the application will be rejected and the candidate will not be selected even if he satisfies all other conditions.
Atul Mehta is a CA and a graduate in Commerce with 63% marks. He is fluent in English and Hindi and has been working as a senior accountant in the same company since 1970. He is 32 years of age.
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Answer: (C) If the case is to be referred to the General Manager Accounts
Explanation
Atul Mehta satisfies the educational requirement because he is a commerce graduate with 63% marks, which fulfills condition 1. He is a Chartered Accountant, satisfying condition 2. His age of 32 years is within the limit of 40 years as of 20.03.1993, fulfilling condition 4, and he is fluent in both English and Hindi, meeting condition 5. Since he has been working as a senior accountant in the same company since 1970, he has over 23 years of service as of 1993. This satisfies condition 8, which applies to candidates who have worked in the same company for at least 15 years as an accountant. Under this condition, the requirement of 10 years of experience in a supervisory position (condition 3) is waived, and the case must be referred to the General Manager-Accounts.
59Decision Making
On the basis of the following conditions and the information provided in each question below, decide which of the following courses of action should be taken against each candidate.
Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it. The following are the conditions for selecting managers by a company.
The candidate must
(1) Be a graduate in Commerce with 60% marks.
(2) Have ICWA or CA as conditional qualification
(3) Have worked at least 10 years in supervisory position
(4) Not be more than 40 years as on 20.03.1993.
(5) Have fluency in English and Hindi
In the case of a candidate
(6) Who fulfils all conditions except at (1) above but has post-graduate degree with Accountancy or Economics, the case will be referred to the Finance Director.
(7) Who fulfils all conditions except at (2) above but has an M.B.A. degree from a reputed management institute, the case will be referred to the Managing Director.
(8) Working in the same company for the last 15 years as an accountant, the condition at (3) above may be waived but the case will have to be referred to the General Manager-Accounts for his comments.
(9) Who does not provide the complete information, the application will be rejected and the candidate will not be selected even if he satisfies all other conditions.
Aarti Pradhan was 39 years old on 10th February, 1992. She is a Commerce graduate with 65% marks and also has a ICWA certificate. She has been working as a supervisor for the last 12 years and she is fluent in Hindi and English.
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Answer: (A) If the candidate is not to be selected
Explanation
To find the correct course of action, each eligibility criterion is evaluated:
The candidate must be a commerce graduate with at least 60% marks. Aarti is a commerce graduate with 65% marks, satisfying this condition.
She holds an ICWA certificate, which fulfills the professional qualification requirement.
She has 12 years of supervisory experience, meeting the minimum requirement of 10 years.
The candidate must not be older than 40 years as on 20.03.1993. Aarti was 39 years old on 10.02.1992, which means she turned 40 on 10.02.1993. Consequently, by 20.03.1993, she is 40 years and 1 month old, which exceeds the age limit of 40.
She is fluent in both English and Hindi, satisfying the language condition.
Since she exceeds the upper age limit and no relaxation or alternative clause is provided for the age limit condition, she does not qualify and is not to be selected.
60Decision Making
On the basis of the following conditions and the information provided in each question below, decide which of the following courses of action should be taken against each candidate.
Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it. The following are the conditions for selecting managers by a company.
The candidate must
(1) Be a graduate in Commerce with 60% marks.
(2) Have ICWA or CA as conditional qualification
(3) Have worked at least 10 years in supervisory position
(4) Not be more than 40 years as on 20.03.1993.
(5) Have fluency in English and Hindi
In the case of a candidate
(6) Who fulfils all conditions except at (1) above but has post-graduate degree with Accountancy or Economics, the case will be referred to the Finance Director.
(7) Who fulfils all conditions except at (2) above but has an M.B.A. degree from a reputed management institute, the case will be referred to the Managing Director.
(8) Working in the same company for the last 15 years as an accountant, the condition at (3) above may be waived but the case will have to be referred to the General Manager-Accounts for his comments.
(9) Who does not provide the complete information, the application will be rejected and the candidate will not be selected even if he satisfies all other conditions.
Preeti Dhawan is a post-graduate in Economics with 68% marks in graduation. Her date of birth is 30th December, 1995. She is fluent in Hindi and English. She has got her ICWA certificate. She has been working as a supervisor in a large pharmaceutical organization for the last 12 years.
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Answer: (D) If the case is to be referred to the Director-Finance
Explanation
Based on the criteria and the candidate's profile, we evaluate Preeti Dhawan's eligibility as follows:
Regarding educational qualifications under Condition 1 and Exception 6, she is a post-graduate in Economics with 68% marks in graduation. Since she does not possess a graduation degree in Commerce, she does not satisfy Condition 1. However, Exception 6 states that if a candidate satisfies all other conditions but has a post-graduate degree in Economics (or Accountancy), the case will be referred to the Finance Director.
Regarding professional qualifications under Condition 2, she has got her ICWA certificate, which satisfies the condition.
Regarding work experience under Condition 3, she has been working as a supervisor for the last 12 years, satisfying the requirement of a minimum of 10 years in a supervisory position.
Regarding age under Condition 4, given her 12 years of supervisory experience, her birth year is within the range that makes her under 40 years of age as of 20.03.1993, satisfying the age criterion.
Regarding language fluency under Condition 5, she is fluent in English and Hindi, which satisfies the condition.
Since she fulfills all other criteria except Condition 1 but possesses a post-graduate degree in Economics, her case is referred to the Finance Director.
61Decision Making
On the basis of the following conditions and the information provided in each question below, decide which of the following courses of action should be taken against each candidate.
The following are the conditions for selecting managers by a company.
The candidate must
(1) Be a graduate in Commerce with 60% marks.
(2) Have ICWA or CA as conditional qualification
(3) Have worked at least 10 years in supervisory position
(4) Not be more than 40 years as on 20.03.1993.
(5) Have fluency in English and Hindi
In the case of a candidate
(6) Who fulfils all conditions except at (1) above but has post-graduate degree with Accountancy or Economics, the case will be referred to the Finance Director.
(7) Who fulfils all conditions except at (2) above but has an M.B.A. degree from a reputed management institute, the case will be referred to the Managing Director.
(8) Working in the same company for the last 15 years as an accountant, the condition at (3) above may be waived but the case will have to be referred to the General Manager-Accounts for his comments.
(9) Who does not provide the complete information, the application will be rejected and the candidate will not be selected even if he satisfies all other conditions.
Sameer Dewan is a Commerce graduate with second class. He was 35 years old on 10th April, 1990. He is also a CA and fluent in Hindi and English. He has been working in supervisory cadre for the last 15 years.
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Answer: (A) If the candidate is not to be selected
Explanation
The selection conditions require (1) a Commerce graduate with at least 60% marks. Sameer Dewan is described as a 'second class' Commerce graduate. In Indian academic grading, second class corresponds to marks in the range of 45–59%, which is below the mandatory 60% threshold. He therefore fails condition (1). Special case (6) provides an exception: if a candidate fails condition (1) but holds a post-graduate degree in Accountancy or Economics, the case is referred to the Finance Director. Sameer does not possess any such post-graduate qualification—he is a graduate with a CA designation only—so exception (6) does not apply. He meets all other conditions: he is a CA (condition 2), has 15 years of supervisory experience (condition 3), is approximately 38 years old on 20.03.1993 (condition 4: 35 on 10 April 1990 → ~37–38 by March 1993, under 40), and is fluent in Hindi and English (condition 5). However, condition (1) is mandatory and no applicable exception covers his case. Therefore, Sameer Dewan is not to be selected. The correct answer is A.
62Logical Reasoning
Study the following information and answer the questions given below it:
The following are the criteria for allotment of cabins in an organization. The cabins have the following three features:
(i) Air-conditioned (AC)
(ii) Independent
(iii) With Ante-Room.
The following criteria are followed:
(1) For being entitled for any type of cabin an employee must have completed at least 10 years of service in the organization.
(2) His basic salary should be above Rs. 4,000.
Further:
(3) If the employee is holding the position of Senior Manager, provide independent, AC-cabin.
(4) If the employee has been in the position of Manager for the last 5 years, provide an Independent cabin.
(5) If the employee is in the position of Branch Manager or for more than 3 years has been holding the position of Senior Manager, provide an Independent, AC cabin with ante-room.
(6) An employee has not completed 10 years of service but has at least 7 years of service and is in the position of Branch Manager, provide an independent cabin.
(7) An employee has been Manager for less than 5 years but has completed 15 years in the organization, should be provided independent cabin.
The following cases are given to you as on 01-04-1993. Based on the above criteria, decide about the allotment of cabin.
Sudhir Gopal joined the organization in 1980. Last year he was promoted as Manager. His basic salary is Rs. 5,000.
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Answer: (D) the information given is not adequate to take decision
Explanation
To determine the cabin allotment for Sudhir Gopal as of 01-04-1993, we first evaluate the basic eligibility criteria:
Under Criterion (1), an employee must have completed at least 10 years of service. Sudhir Gopal joined the organization in 1980, so his service duration is 13 years (1993 - 1980 = 13 years). This satisfies the requirement.
Under Criterion (2), the employee's basic salary must be above Rs. 4,000. Sudhir Gopal's basic salary is Rs. 5,000, which satisfies this criterion.
Since he meets the basic eligibility conditions, we check the specific rules to determine the type of cabin:
Criterion (3) does not apply because he is a Manager, not a Senior Manager.
Criterion (4) does not apply because he has been a Manager for only 1 year (promoted last year), which is less than the required 5 years.
Criterion (5) does not apply because he is neither a Branch Manager nor a Senior Manager.
Criterion (6) does not apply because his service is greater than 10 years.
Criterion (7) requires an employee to be a Manager for less than 5 years (which he satisfies) and to have completed 15 years of service in the organization. Sudhir Gopal has only completed 13 years of service, so he does not satisfy this condition.
Because he meets the basic eligibility requirements for a cabin but does not fit into any of the specific cabin allotment rules (Criteria 3 to 7), and the given rules do not specify any default allotment or referral policy for such cases, the information provided is not adequate to make a final decision.
63Logical Reasoning
Study the following information and answer the questions given below it:
The following are the criteria for allotment of cabins in an organization. The cabins have the following three features:
(i) Air-conditioned (AC)
(ii) Independent
(iii) With Ante-Room.
The following criteria are followed:
(1) For being entitled for any type of cabin an employee must have completed at least 10 years of service in the organization.
(2) His basic salary should be above Rs. 4,000.
Further:
(3) If the employee is holding the position of Senior Manager, provide independent, AC-cabin.
(4) If the employee has been in the position of Manager for the last 5 years, provide an Independent cabin.
(5) If the employee is in the position of Branch Manager or for more than 3 years has been holding the position of Senior Manager, provide an Independent, AC cabin with ante-room.
(6) An employee has not completed 10 years of service but has at least 7 years of service and is in the position of Branch Manager, provide an independent cabin.
(7) An employee has been Manager for less than 5 years but has completed 15 years in the organization, should be provided independent cabin.
The following cases are given to you as on 01-04-1993. Based on the above criteria, decide about the allotment of cabin.
Rajan Khurana joined the organization in 1975. His basic salary is Rs. 8,200. At present he is Branch Manager.
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Answer: (C) independent, AC cabin is to be provided
Explanation
Rajan Khurana joined the organization in 1975. As of the decision date, 1 April 1993, he has completed 18 years of service. This satisfies criterion (1), which requires at least 10 years of service.
His basic salary is ₹8,200, which is above the minimum requirement of ₹4,000 specified in criterion (2).
At present, he holds the position of Branch Manager. According to criterion (5), an employee holding the position of Branch Manager is entitled to an independent, AC cabin with an ante-room. Therefore, he should be provided with an independent, AC cabin.
64Logical Reasoning
Study the following information and answer the questions given below it:
The following are the criteria for allotment of cabins in an organization. The cabins have the following three features:
(i) Air-conditioned (AC)
(ii) Independent
(iii) With Ante-Room.
The following criteria are followed:
(1) For being entitled for any type of cabin an employee must have completed at least 10 years of service in the organization.
(2) His basic salary should be above Rs. 4,000.
Further:
(3) If the employee is holding the position of Senior Manager, provide independent, AC-cabin.
(4) If the employee has been in the position of Manager for the last 5 years, provide an Independent cabin.
(5) If the employee is in the position of Branch Manager or for more than 3 years has been holding the position of Senior Manager, provide an Independent, AC cabin with ante-room.
(6) An employee has not completed 10 years of service but has at least 7 years of service and is in the position of Branch Manager, provide an independent cabin.
(7) An employee has been Manager for less than 5 years but has completed 15 years in the organization, should be provided independent cabin.
The following cases are given to you as on 01-04-1993. Based on the above criteria, decide about the allotment of cabin.
Pankaj Mehta joined the organization in 1975. He was promoted as Manager in 1990. His basic salary is Rs. 5,100.
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Answer: (B) independent cabin is to be provided
Explanation
Pankaj Mehta joined the organization in 1975, which means as of 01-04-1993, he has completed 18 years of service. This satisfies the first general criterion of completing at least 10 years of service. His basic salary is Rs. 5,100, which is above Rs. 4,000, satisfying the second general criterion. Therefore, he is eligible for a cabin.
For specific allotment, Pankaj Mehta was promoted to Manager in 1990, meaning he has been a Manager for 3 years as of 1993, which is less than 5 years. According to criterion (7), an employee who has been a Manager for less than 5 years but has completed 15 years in the organization should be provided an independent cabin. Pankaj Mehta meets both of these conditions with his 3 years as a Manager and 18 years of service, entitling him to an independent cabin.
65Logical Reasoning
Study the following information and answer the questions given below it:
The following are the criteria for allotment of cabins in an organization. The cabins have the following three features:
(i) Air-conditioned (AC)
(ii) Independent
(iii) With Ante-Room.
The following criteria are followed:
(1) For being entitled for any type of cabin an employee must have completed at least 10 years of service in the organization.
(2) His basic salary should be above Rs. 4,000.
Further:
(3) If the employee is holding the position of Senior Manager, provide independent, AC-cabin.
(4) If the employee has been in the position of Manager for the last 5 years, provide an Independent cabin.
(5) If the employee is in the position of Branch Manager or for more than 3 years has been holding the position of Senior Manager, provide an Independent, AC cabin with ante-room.
(6) An employee has not completed 10 years of service but has at least 7 years of service and is in the position of Branch Manager, provide an independent cabin.
(7) An employee has been Manager for less than 5 years but has completed 15 years in the organization, should be provided independent cabin.
The following cases are given to you as on 01-04-1993. Based on the above criteria, decide about the allotment of cabin.
Ajay Bhatnagar joined the organization as Branch Manager 8 years back. His basic salary is Rs. 7,000.
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Answer: (B) independent cabin is to be provided
Explanation
As on 01-04-1993, Ajay Bhatnagar joined the organization as Branch Manager 8 years ago (i.e., in 1985), giving him 8 years of service. His basic salary of Rs. 7,000 exceeds Rs. 4,000, satisfying the salary prerequisite in condition (2). He has not completed 10 years of service, so the normal entitlement conditions (1)–(5) do not directly apply. However, criterion (6) provides a special exception: 'An employee has not completed 10 years of service but has at least 7 years of service and is in the position of Branch Manager—provide an independent cabin.' Ajay satisfies both sub-conditions of criterion (6): he has 8 years of service (which is ≥ 7 years and < 10 years) and he is a Branch Manager. Criterion (5), which would entitle a Branch Manager with ≥ 10 years to an independent AC cabin with ante-room, does not apply because he has not completed 10 years. Criterion (6) alone governs, and it prescribes only an independent cabin (no AC, no ante-room). Therefore, an independent cabin is to be provided to Ajay Bhatnagar. The correct answer is B.
66Logical Reasoning
Study the following information and answer the questions given below it:
The following are the criteria for allotment of cabins in an organization. The cabins have the following three features:
(i) Air-conditioned (AC)
(ii) Independent
(iii) With Ante-Room.
The following criteria are followed:
(1) For being entitled for any type of cabin an employee must have completed at least 10 years of service in the organization.
(2) His basic salary should be above Rs. 4,000.
Further:
(3) If the employee is holding the position of Senior Manager, provide independent, AC-cabin.
(4) If the employee has been in the position of Manager for the last 5 years, provide an Independent cabin.
(5) If the employee is in the position of Branch Manager or for more than 3 years has been holding the position of Senior Manager, provide an Independent, AC cabin with ante-room.
(6) An employee has not completed 10 years of service but has at least 7 years of service and is in the position of Branch Manager, provide an independent cabin.
(7) An employee has been Manager for less than 5 years but has completed 15 years in the organization, should be provided independent cabin.
The following cases are given to you as on 01-04-1993. Based on the above criteria, decide about the allotment of cabin.
Mukesh Maheshwari joined the organization in 1981 on the basic salary of Rs. 4,200. Last year he was promoted as Senior Manager.
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Answer: (C) independent, AC cabin is to be provided
Explanation
Mukesh Maheshwari joined the organization in 1981, which means by 1 April 1993, he has completed 12 years of service. This satisfies condition 1 of completing at least 10 years of service.
His basic salary is Rs. 4,200, which satisfies condition 2 of being above Rs. 4,000.
He is currently a Senior Manager, having been promoted to the post last year. According to condition 3, an employee holding the position of Senior Manager must be provided an independent, AC cabin. Condition 5 does not apply here because he has held the Senior Manager position for only 1 year, which is less than the 3 years required for a cabin with an ante-room. Therefore, he is eligible for an independent, AC cabin.
67Logical Reasoning
Study the following information and answer the questions given below it:
The following are the criteria for allotment of cabins in an organization. The cabins have the following three features:
(i) Air-conditioned (AC)
(ii) Independent
(iii) With Ante-Room.
The following criteria are followed:
(1) For being entitled for any type of cabin an employee must have completed at least 10 years of service in the organization.
(2) His basic salary should be above Rs. 4,000.
Further:
(3) If the employee is holding the position of Senior Manager, provide independent, AC-cabin.
(4) If the employee has been in the position of Manager for the last 5 years, provide an Independent cabin.
(5) If the employee is in the position of Branch Manager or for more than 3 years has been holding the position of Senior Manager, provide an Independent, AC cabin with ante-room.
(6) An employee has not completed 10 years of service but has at least 7 years of service and is in the position of Branch Manager, provide an independent cabin.
(7) An employee has been Manager for less than 5 years but has completed 15 years in the organization, should be provided independent cabin.
The following cases are given to you as on 01-04-1993. Based on the above criteria, decide about the allotment of cabin.
Vipin Chandra joined the organization as Manager in December 1982. His basic salary is Rs. 6,300.
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Answer: (B) independent cabin is to be provided
Explanation
Vipin Chandra joined the organization as a Manager in December 1982. As of 01-04-1993, his total service is 10 years and 4 months, which satisfies the general requirement of at least 10 years of service under criterion (1).
His basic salary is Rs. 6,300, which is greater than Rs. 4,000, satisfying the salary requirement under criterion (2).
Since he has been a Manager since December 1982, he has held the position of Manager for more than 10 years, which satisfies criterion (4) of being in the position of Manager for at least the last 5 years. Therefore, an independent cabin is to be provided.
68Logical Reasoning
Study the following information and answer the questions given below it:
The following are the criteria for allotment of cabins in an organization. The cabins have the following three features:
(i) Air-conditioned (AC)
(ii) Independent
(iii) With Ante-Room.
The following criteria are followed:
(1) For being entitled for any type of cabin an employee must have completed at least 10 years of service in the organization.
(2) His basic salary should be above Rs. 4,000.
Further:
(3) If the employee is holding the position of Senior Manager, provide independent, AC-cabin.
(4) If the employee has been in the position of Manager for the last 5 years, provide an Independent cabin.
(5) If the employee is in the position of Branch Manager or for more than 3 years has been holding the position of Senior Manager, provide an Independent, AC cabin with ante-room.
(6) An employee has not completed 10 years of service but has at least 7 years of service and is in the position of Branch Manager, provide an independent cabin.
(7) An employee has been Manager for less than 5 years but has completed 15 years in the organization, should be provided independent cabin.
The following cases are given to you as on 01-04-1993. Based on the above criteria, decide about the allotment of cabin.
Sanjeev Rana joined the organization in 1984. He is holding the position of Branch Manager for the last 5 years. His basic salary is Rs. 8,000.
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Answer: (B) independent cabin is to be provided
Explanation
Sanjeev Rana joined the organization in 1984, which means as of 01-04-1993, he has completed 9 years of service. Since he has not completed 10 years of service but has completed at least 7 years, rule 6 is applicable. According to rule 6, an employee who has not completed 10 years of service but has at least 7 years of service and is in the position of Branch Manager should be provided an independent cabin. Sanjeev Rana has been a Branch Manager for the last 5 years and his basic salary is Rs. 8,000, which satisfies the salary requirement of being above Rs. 4,000. Therefore, he is entitled to an independent cabin.
69Logical Reasoning
Horse is related to Hay in the same way as Cow is related to ....................
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Answer: (B) Fodder
Explanation
The relationship established in the first pair is animal and its primary feed. A horse eats hay, which is stored dried grass used as food for grazing animals. In the same way, a cow eats fodder, which is the feed or food specifically given to domestic livestock.
70Logical Reasoning
Find out the term such that AG : IO : : EK : ?
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Answer: (B) MS
Explanation
The positional values of the English alphabet are used to solve this analogy.
In the first pair AG : IO, the position of each letter is increased by 8:
A (position 1) + 8 = I (position 9)
G (position 7) + 8 = O (position 15)
Applying the same pattern of adding 8 to the positional values of the letters in EK:
E (position 5) + 8 = M (position 13)
K (position 11) + 8 = S (position 19)
This yields MS.
71Logical Reasoning
If TAP is coded as SZO, then how is FREEZE coded ?
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Answer: (D) EQDDYD
Explanation
The coding pattern shifts each letter of the word one step backward in the alphabetical sequence (letter position minus one).
For the word TAP:
T - 1 = S
A - 1 = Z
P - 1 = O
Applying this same rule to FREEZE:
F - 1 = E
R - 1 = Q
E - 1 = D
E - 1 = D
Z - 1 = Y
E - 1 = D
This yields the code EQDDYD.
72Logical Reasoning
If 'tee see pee' means 'Drink fruit juice', 'see kee lee' means 'Juice is sweet' and 'lee ree mee' means 'He is intelligent', which word in that language means 'sweet' ?
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Answer: (B) kee
Explanation
By comparing the first code 'tee see pee' (Drink fruit juice) and the second code 'see kee lee' (Juice is sweet), we find that the common word 'Juice' corresponds to the common code 'see'. Similarly, comparing the second code 'see kee lee' (Juice is sweet) and the third code 'lee ree mee' (He is intelligent) shows that the common word 'is' corresponds to the common code 'lee'. This leaves only the word 'sweet' in the second sentence, which must correspond to the remaining code 'kee'.
73Logical Reasoning
X introduces Y saying, "He is the husband of the granddaughter of the father of my father". How is Y related to X ?
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Answer: (C) Brother-in-law
Explanation
The relationship chain in the statement 'He is the husband of the granddaughter of the father of my father' is decoded step by step as follows: (1) 'The father of my father' refers to X's paternal grandfather. (2) 'The granddaughter of X's paternal grandfather' refers to a female descendant two generations below the grandfather—this is X's sister (or, more distantly, a paternal cousin). The most direct and standard interpretation in such verbal reasoning questions is X's sister. (3) 'The husband of X's sister' is X's brother-in-law. Since Y is introduced as the husband of this granddaughter, Y is X's brother-in-law. The correct answer is C.
74Logical Reasoning
Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it:
Seven friends Kamla, Manish, Rohit, Amit, Gaurav, Pritam and Priya are sitting in a circle. Kamla, Manish, Rohit, Amit, Pritam and Priya are sitting at equal distances from each other. Rohit is sitting two places right of Pritam, who is sitting one place right of Amit. Kamla forms an angle of 90 degrees from Gaurav and an angle of 120 degrees from Manish. Manish is just opposite Priya and is sitting on the left of Gaurav.
Who is the only person sitting between Rohit and Manish ?
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Answer: (C) Gaurav
Explanation
To determine the positions of the seven friends, let the six friends who sit at equal distances (Kamla, Manish, Rohit, Amit, Pritam, and Priya) occupy six symmetric positions along a circle at 60° intervals: 0°, 60°, 120°, 180°, 240°, and 300°.
Let Amit be at 0°.
Since Pritam is sitting one place to the right of Amit, Pritam is at 60°.
Rohit is sitting two places to the right of Pritam, which puts Rohit at 180°.
Since Manish and Priya sit directly opposite each other, they must occupy positions that are 180° apart. Among the remaining unoccupied symmetric positions (120°, 240°, 300°), only 120° and 300° are opposite each other. Thus, Manish and Priya occupy 120° and 300° in some order, which leaves Kamla at the remaining position of 240°.
The angle between Kamla (240°) and Manish must be 120°. Since the distance from 240° to 120° is exactly 120°, Manish is at 120° and Priya is at 300°.
Gaurav forms a 90° angle with Kamla (240°). This means Gaurav is either at 150° or 330°. Since Manish (at 120°) sits to the left of Gaurav, Gaurav must be located at 150° (as 120° is clockwise/left of 150°).
This places Gaurav at 150°, which is directly between Manish at 120° and Rohit at 180°.
75Logical Reasoning
Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it:
Seven friends Kamla, Manish, Rohit, Amit, Gaurav, Pritam and Priya are sitting in a circle. Kamla, Manish, Rohit, Amit, Pritam and Priya are sitting at equal distances from each other. Rohit is sitting two places right of Pritam, who is sitting one place right of Amit. Kamla forms an angle of 90 degrees from Gaurav and an angle of 120 degrees from Manish. Manish is just opposite Priya and is sitting on the left of Gaurav.
Gaurav is not sitting at equal distances from :
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Answer: (D) All of these
Explanation
Six of the seven friends (Kamla, Manish, Rohit, Amit, Pritam, and Priya) sit at equal distances from each other around the circle. Since there are six of them, they occupy six positions spaced 60° apart (360° ÷ 6 = 60°). Let these six positions be represented by angles from 0° to 300°:
Pritam is sitting one place right of Amit, and Rohit is sitting two places right of Pritam. This means Amit, Pritam, and Rohit are at consecutive intervals of 60°.
Amit = 0°
Pritam = 60°
Rohit = 180° (two positions from Pritam)
Manish is opposite Priya. In a six-position circle, the opposite pairs are (0°, 180°), (60°, 240°), and (120°, 300°). Since 0°, 60°, and 180° are already occupied, Manish and Priya must occupy 120° and 300°.
Kamla must occupy the remaining position at 240°. Since Kamla is at 240° and Manish is at 120°, the angle between them is 120°, which matches the given condition. Thus, Priya is at 300°.
Gaurav is at a 90° angle from Kamla (240°). This places Gaurav at either 150° or 330°. Since Manish (120°) is to the left of Gaurav, Gaurav must be sitting at 150°.
Using these coordinates, we can calculate the angular distances from Gaurav (150°) to the others:
Distance to Rohit (180°) = 30°
Distance to Pritam (60°) = 90°
Distance to Amit (0°) = 150°
Distance to Kamla (240°) = 90°
Distance to Manish (120°) = 30°
Comparing the pairs:
For Rohit (30°) and Pritam (90°), the distances are unequal.
For Amit (150°) and Kamla (90°), the distances are unequal.
For Manish (30°) and Pritam (90°), the distances are unequal.
Since Gaurav is not sitting at equal distances from any of the pairs in the given options, all of the statements are correct.
76Logical Reasoning
Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it:
Seven friends Kamla, Manish, Rohit, Amit, Gaurav, Pritam and Priya are sitting in a circle. Kamla, Manish, Rohit, Amit, Pritam and Priya are sitting at equal distances from each other. Rohit is sitting two places right of Pritam, who is sitting one place right of Amit. Kamla forms an angle of 90 degrees from Gaurav and an angle of 120 degrees from Manish. Manish is just opposite Priya and is sitting on the left of Gaurav.
Gaurav is sitting .................... of Priya.
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Answer: (A) To the left
Explanation
Six of the friends (Kamla, Manish, Rohit, Amit, Pritam, and Priya) sit at equal distances from each other around the circle, representing 60 degree intervals. This can be mapped to positions on a standard clock face at 12, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 o'clock.
Manish and Priya are sitting opposite each other. Placing Manish at the 12 o'clock position puts Priya at the 6 o'clock position.
Since everyone is facing the center of the circle, left is in the clockwise direction and right is in the counter-clockwise direction. Manish sits to the left of Gaurav, which means Gaurav must be placed at the 11 o'clock position so that Manish (at 12 o'clock) is to his left.
Priya sits at 6 o'clock facing the center (looking north towards 12 o'clock). Her left side corresponds to the west side of the clock face (7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 o'clock positions). Since Gaurav is located at 11 o'clock, he is sitting to the left of Priya.
77Logical Reasoning
Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it:
Seven friends Kamla, Manish, Rohit, Amit, Gaurav, Pritam and Priya are sitting in a circle. Kamla, Manish, Rohit, Amit, Pritam and Priya are sitting at equal distances from each other. Rohit is sitting two places right of Pritam, who is sitting one place right of Amit. Kamla forms an angle of 90 degrees from Gaurav and an angle of 120 degrees from Manish. Manish is just opposite Priya and is sitting on the left of Gaurav.
The angle between Gaurav and Manish in the clockwise direction is :
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Answer: (D) None of these
Explanation
To find the seating arrangement, we place the six friends who are sitting at equal distances (Kamla, Manish, Rohit, Amit, Pritam, and Priya) at 60° intervals around a 360° circle: 0°, 60°, 120°, 180°, 240°, and 300°.
When facing the center of the circle, the right direction is counter-clockwise and the left direction is clockwise.
Let Amit sit at 0°. Since Pritam is sitting one place right of Amit, Pritam is at 60°. Rohit sits two places right of Pritam, placing Rohit at 180° (60° + 120° = 180°).
Manish and Priya sit opposite each other, meaning they must be 180° apart. Since 0° and 180° are occupied, they must occupy 120° and 300°. This leaves the 240° position for Kamla.
Kamla forms a 120° angle with Manish. Since Kamla is at 240°, Manish must be at 120° (240° - 120° = 120°). Consequently, Priya is at 300°.
Kamla forms a 90° angle with Gaurav. Gaurav can be at either 150° or 330°. Since Manish (at 120°) sits on the immediate left (clockwise) of Gaurav, Gaurav must be placed at 150°.
The angle between Gaurav (at 150°) and Manish (at 120°) in the clockwise direction is 150° - 120° = 30°.
78Logical Reasoning
A starts crossing the field diagonally. After walking half the distance, he turns right, walks some distance and turns left. Which direction is A facing now ?
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Answer: (A) North-east
Explanation
A right turn (90° clockwise) followed by a left turn (90° counter-clockwise) always cancels out, meaning the person will end up facing the exact same direction as their initial direction of movement.
Initially, A starts crossing the field diagonally. In a standard square field, if A starts at the South-West corner and moves towards the opposite corner, his initial direction of motion is North-East.
After walking half the diagonal distance, A turns right to face South-East, walks some distance, and then turns left to face North-East once again. Since the right and left turns cancel each other out, A is still facing in his original diagonal direction of movement, which is North-East.
79Reading Comprehension
Teaching, more even than most other professions, has been transformed during skilled profession concerned with a minority of the population, to a large and important branch of the public service. The profession has a great and honorable tradition, extending from the dawn of history until recent times, but any teacher in the modern world who allows himself to be inspired by the ideals of his predecessors is likely to be made sharply aware that it is not his function to teach what he thinks, but to instill such beliefs and prejudices as are thought useful by his employers:
In ancient times the teaching profession was :
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Answer: (D) Limited to a highly skilled minority
Explanation
According to the passage, the teaching profession has undergone a major transformation in modern times. Historically, extending from the dawn of history, teaching was a small, highly skilled profession concerned with only a minority of the population, unlike its modern status as a large branch of the public service. This indicates that in ancient times, the profession was limited to a highly skilled minority.
80Reading Comprehension
Teaching, more even than most other professions, has been transformed during skilled profession concerned with a minority of the population, to a large and important branch of the public service. The profession has a great and honorable tradition, extending from the dawn of history until recent times, but any teacher in the modern world who allows himself to be inspired by the ideals of his predecessors is likely to be made sharply aware that it is not his function to teach what he thinks, but to instill such beliefs and prejudices as are thought useful by his employers:
What has transformed teaching into an important branch of public service is :
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Answer: (C) Utilitarian philosophy
Explanation
The passage describes how teaching has been transformed 'from a skilled profession concerned with a minority of the population, to a large and important branch of the public service.' It goes on to explain that the modern teacher is expected not to teach what he personally thinks, but to 'instill such beliefs and prejudices as are thought useful by his employers.' This framing—where the value and purpose of teaching are defined by what is useful to the state and employers—reflects a utilitarian philosophy. Utilitarian philosophy holds that actions and institutions should be judged by their practical utility and benefit to society or those in power. It is this utilitarian orientation toward practical usefulness, rather than individual intellectual development, that the passage implies drove the transformation of teaching into a large public service. Among the options: (A) Teaching skills—the passage does not credit any improvement in teaching methods; (B) Technical developments—not mentioned in the passage; (D) Demand of the employing industry—too narrow and not directly cited as the transforming force. Option (C) Utilitarian philosophy best captures the causative force described. The correct answer is C.
81Reading Comprehension
Teaching, more even than most other professions, has been transformed during skilled profession concerned with a minority of the population, to a large and important branch of the public service. The profession has a great and honorable tradition, extending from the dawn of history until recent times, but any teacher in the modern world who allows himself to be inspired by the ideals of his predecessors is likely to be made sharply aware that it is not his function to teach what he thinks, but to instill such beliefs and prejudices as are thought useful by his employers:
According to this passage, in modern times a successful teacher is primarily supposed to :
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Answer: (C) Toe the lines preferred by those in authority
Explanation
The passage explicitly states that a teacher in the modern world is made sharply aware that their function is not to teach what they themselves think, but rather to instill those beliefs and prejudices that are deemed useful by their employers. Since employers represent the governing power or the individuals in power, this directly implies that the primary expectation for a modern teacher is to conform to the viewpoints, directives, and ideologies favored by those in authority.
82Reading Comprehension
Fill in the blank:
Without water (....91....) animal can survive. In desert regions the greatest (....92....) to life is drying up. But many creatures are able to make use of (....93....) little water that exists in arid areas. One of nature's masterpieces (....94....) creatures equipped to (....95....) with desert life is the hardy camels.
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Answer: (B) no
Explanation
The sentence expresses a universal truth about the necessity of water for survival. Placing the determiner "no" in the blank creates a grammatically correct and logically sound statement meaning that it is impossible for any animal to live without water. The combination of "without" and "no" emphasizes the absolute dependency of all animal life on water.
83Reading Comprehension
Fill in the blank:
Without water (....91....) animal can survive. In desert regions the greatest (....92....) to life is drying up. But many creatures are able to make use of (....93....) little water that exists in arid areas. One of nature's masterpieces (....94....) creatures equipped to (....95....) with desert life is the hardy camels.
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Answer: (C) threat
Explanation
The noun threat correctly collocates with the preposition to in the phrase threat to life, signifying a source of danger or harm. In the context of arid desert environments, drying up represents the most significant hazard or danger to the survival of organisms, making threat the most grammatically and contextually appropriate fit.
84Reading Comprehension
Fill in the blanks:
Without water (....91....) animal can survive. In desert regions the greatest (....92....) to life is drying up. But many creatures are able to make use of (....93....) little water that exists in arid areas. One of nature's masterpieces (....94....) creatures equipped to (....95....) with desert life is the hardy camels.
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Answer: (A) what
Explanation
The sentence reads: 'But many creatures are able to make use of (....93....) little water that exists in arid areas.' Evaluating each option in context: (A) 'what little water'—'what little' is a standard English idiomatic determiner construction meaning 'whatever small amount of something exists.' The phrase 'make use of what little water exists' conveys that desert creatures exploit even the tiny quantity of water available in arid regions. This is both grammatically correct and semantically precise. (B) 'the little water'—grammatically acceptable but less idiomatic and less commonly used in this emphatic sense; it does not carry the same nuance of scarcity and full utilisation. (C) 'very little water'—changing the blank to 'very' produces 'make use of very little water,' which implies the creatures use only a small amount of water, rather than expressing that they utilise whatever scant water is available. The meaning shifts significantly. (D) 'that little water'—does not collocate naturally here; 'that little' requires a prior referent and sounds unidiomatic in this context. The idiomatic phrase 'what little water' (option A) is the most appropriate completion, fitting the meaning and register of the passage. The correct answer is A.
85Reading Comprehension
Fill in the blanks:
Without water (....91....) animal can survive. In desert regions the greatest (....92....) to life is drying up. But many creatures are able to make use of (....93....) little water that exists in arid areas. One of nature's masterpieces (....94....) creatures equipped to (....95....) with desert life is the hardy camels.
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Answer: (C) among
Explanation
The preposition among is used when referring to a member of a larger group or collective set of things. In this context, the sentence refers to the camel as being one of nature's masterpieces within the group of all creatures equipped to survive in the desert. Therefore, among is the grammatically correct and meaningful fit for blank 94.
86Reading Comprehension
Fill in the blanks:
Without water (....91....) animal can survive. In desert regions the greatest (....92....) to life is drying up. But many creatures are able to make use of (....93....) little water that exists in arid areas. One of nature's masterpieces (....94....) creatures equipped to (....95....) with desert life is the hardy camels.
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Answer: (D) cope
Explanation
The phrasal verb cope with means to deal effectively with something difficult or to manage and survive in harsh conditions. In the context of the passage, the hardy camels are equipped to deal with or adapt to the challenging and dry conditions of desert life.
87Reading Comprehension
Of the alternatives given find the one that best fits into the blank in each of the following sentences:
Please .................... the candle.
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Answer: (A) blow out
Explanation
The phrasal verb blow out means to extinguish a flame, such as that of a candle or a match, by blowing air onto it. Therefore, this phrasal verb perfectly fits the context of extinguishing a candle.
88Reading Comprehension
Of the alternatives given find the one that best fits into the blank in each of the following sentences:
When a man winnows grain, he lets the chaff ....................
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Answer: (C) blow away
Explanation
Winnowing is an agricultural method used to separate grain from chaff. During this process, the mixture is tossed into the air so that the wind blows the lighter chaff away, leaving the heavier grains to fall straight down. The phrasal verb blow away means to be carried off by the movement of air, which accurately describes the physical separation of the chaff in this context.
89Logical Reasoning
Of the alternatives given find the one that best fits into the blank in each of the following sentences:
The army intends to .................... the bridge with gunpowder.
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Answer: (B) blow up
Explanation
The phrasal verb blow up means to explode or destroy something using explosives, such as gunpowder, dynamite, or bombs. In this sentence, the army is planning to destroy the bridge with gunpowder, which makes blow up the appropriate and precise term to complete the sentence.
90Logical Reasoning
Another name of interpersonal communication is :
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Answer: (C) Dyadic communication
Explanation
Interpersonal communication refers to the direct exchange of information, ideas, feelings, and meaning between individuals. In communication studies, the technical academic term most commonly used as a synonym for one-on-one interpersonal communication is 'dyadic communication.' The word 'dyadic' derives from the Greek 'dyad,' meaning a group or unit of two. Dyadic communication specifically denotes communication occurring between two individuals, emphasising the direct, intimate, and reciprocal nature of the exchange with immediate feedback. Evaluating the other options: (A) Mass communication refers to the transmission of information to a large, anonymous audience through mass media (television, newspapers, radio), which is the opposite of interpersonal in scale and reach. (B) Face-to-face communication is a mode of interpersonal communication (requiring physical co-presence) but is not the formal academic synonym for the broader concept of interpersonal communication, which can also occur over the phone or other channels. (D) Virtual reality is an immersive technology platform and has no definitional relationship to interpersonal communication as a concept. Therefore, the another name (formal academic synonym) for interpersonal communication is dyadic communication. The correct answer is C.
91Logical Reasoning
The word opposite to 'Monologue' is :
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Answer: (A) Dialogue
Explanation
The word monologue is derived from the Greek words monos, meaning single, and logos, meaning speech, which refers to a long speech delivered by a single person. In contrast, dialogue is derived from dialogos, where dia means through or between, representing a conversation or verbal exchange between two or more people. This makes dialogue the direct antonym of monologue.
