I worked with tribal children in Chhattisgarh, in a single. teacher school where a large hut was partitioned with gunny bags into five classes. It was naturally chaotic and noisy. The teacher resorted to the stick to maintain discipline. It was impossible to do much inside the classroom so I decided to take my class- - std. V students- - outside. Once outside, the students were completely transformed. They were like free birds, chattering, singing, jumping and dancing. They led me to a pond, showed me different types of insects and weeds. They rattled off different characteristics of each insect, how and why they breed, their changing habitat and what the village folks do with them. I was amazed at how much they knew. The children were excellent at a catching fish and made a fishing contraption out of nothing. Some children showed me how to weave a basket out of the reeds nearby. They knew exactly when the sal and palash bloom, what part of a plant is edible, what part of a tree is used for stomach upsets, they recognized different bird and animal calls and that a profusion of a particular insect meant that train is around the corner. I became painfully aware of my own ignorance.
However, the next day we were confined to the classroom due to rains. So I began with a lesson in geography. To my dismay, the bright active students who knew so much about the contours of their local geography the flora and fauna around, were totally at a loss with the textbook.
Students _________ the Geography textbook.
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (B) were at a loss with
Explanation
The passage directly states that while the students had a deep practical understanding of their local environment, geography, flora, and fauna, they "were totally at a loss with the textbook" when the author tried to teach them inside the classroom. This indicates that the formal textbook teaching method did not align with their practical, experiential knowledge.
2Reading Comprehension
I worked with tribal children in Chhattisgarh, in a single. teacher school where a large hut was partitioned with gunny bags into five classes. It was naturally chaotic and noisy. The teacher resorted to the stick to maintain discipline. It was impossible to do much inside the classroom so I decided to take my class- - std. V students- - outside. Once outside, the students were completely transformed. They were like free birds, chattering, singing, jumping and dancing. They led me to a pond, showed me different types of insects and weeds. They rattled off different characteristics of each insect, how and why they breed, their changing habitat and what the village folks do with them. I was amazed at how much they knew. The children were excellent at a catching fish and made a fishing contraption out of nothing. Some children showed me how to weave a basket out of the reeds nearby. They knew exactly when the sal and palash bloom, what part of a plant is edible, what part of a tree is used for stomach upsets, they recognized different bird and animal calls and that a profusion of a particular insect meant that train is around the corner. I became painfully aware of my own ignorance.
However, the next day we were confined to the classroom due to rains. So I began with a lesson in geography. To my dismay, the bright active students who knew so much about the contours of their local geography the flora and fauna around, were totally at a loss with the textbook.
At the practical knowledge of their world the author _________
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (C) was simply amazed at their knowledge
Explanation
The author explicitly states in the passage that they were amazed at how much the tribal children knew when they went outside. The children demonstrated extensive practical knowledge of their local environment, including insects, plants, fishing, and weather patterns, which left the author feeling amazed and painfully aware of their own ignorance.
3Reading Comprehension
I worked with tribal children in Chhattisgarh, in a single. teacher school where a large hut was partitioned with gunny bags into five classes. It was naturally chaotic and noisy. The teacher resorted to the stick to maintain discipline. It was impossible to do much inside the classroom so I decided to take my class- - std. V students- - outside. Once outside, the students were completely transformed. They were like free birds, chattering, singing, jumping and dancing. They led me to a pond, showed me different types of insects and weeds. They rattled off different characteristics of each insect, how and why they breed, their changing habitat and what the village folks do with them. I was amazed at how much they knew. The children were excellent at a catching fish and made a fishing contraption out of nothing. Some children showed me how to weave a basket out of the reeds nearby. They knew exactly when the sal and palash bloom, what part of a plant is edible, what part of a tree is used for stomach upsets, they recognized different bird and animal calls and that a profusion of a particular insect meant that train is around the corner. I became painfully aware of my own ignorance.
However, the next day we were confined to the classroom due to rains. So I began with a lesson in geography. To my dismay, the bright active students who knew so much about the contours of their local geography the flora and fauna around, were totally at a loss with the textbook.
The classrooms of the school were only _________
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (A) temporarily partitioned
Explanation
The passage states that the school was located in a single large hut that was partitioned into five classes using gunny bags. Using gunny bags to divide a single room into multiple classrooms represents a makeshift and temporary partitioning.
4Reading Comprehension
I worked with tribal children in Chhattisgarh, in a single. teacher school where a large hut was partitioned with gunny bags into five classes. It was naturally chaotic and noisy. The teacher resorted to the stick to maintain discipline. It was impossible to do much inside the classroom so I decided to take my class- - std. V students- - outside. Once outside, the students were completely transformed. They were like free birds, chattering, singing, jumping and dancing. They led me to a pond, showed me different types of insects and weeds. They rattled off different characteristics of each insect, how and why they breed, their changing habitat and what the village folks do with them. I was amazed at how much they knew. The children were excellent at a catching fish and made a fishing contraption out of nothing. Some children showed me how to weave a basket out of the reeds nearby. They knew exactly when the sal and palash bloom, what part of a plant is edible, what part of a tree is used for stomach upsets, they recognized different bird and animal calls and that a profusion of a particular insect meant that train is around the corner. I became painfully aware of my own ignorance.
However, the next day we were confined to the classroom due to rains. So I began with a lesson in geography. To my dismay, the bright active students who knew so much about the contours of their local geography the flora and fauna around, were totally at a loss with the textbook.
The author found the atmosphere in the classrooms _________
● Correct
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Answer: (D) raucous and disordered
Explanation
The author explicitly describes the classroom environment in the single-teacher school, partitioned into five classes by gunny bags, as naturally chaotic and noisy. The term raucous translates directly to noisy, and disordered represents chaotic, making this the accurate description of the atmosphere the author experienced inside.
5Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and attempt Question Nos.1 to 8 by choosing the most appropriate option:
I worked with tribal children in Chhattisgarh, in a single. teacher school where a large hut was partitioned with gunny bags into five classes. It was naturally chaotic and noisy. The teacher resorted to the stick to maintain discipline. It was impossible to do much inside the classroom so I decided to take my class- - std. V students- - outside. Once outside, the students were completely transformed. They were like free birds, chattering, singing, jumping and dancing. They led me to a pond, showed me different types of insects and weeds. They rattled off different characteristics of each insect, how and why they breed, their changing habitat and what the village folks do with them. I was amazed at how much they knew. The children were excellent at a catching fish and made a fishing contraption out of nothing. Some children showed me how to weave a basket out of the reeds nearby. They knew exactly when the sal and palash bloom, what part of a plant is edible, what part of a tree is used for stomach upsets, they recognized different bird and animal calls and that a profusion of a particular insect meant that train is around the corner. I became painfully aware of my own ignorance.
However, the next day we were confined to the classroom due to rains. So I began with a lesson in geography. To my dismay, the bright active students who knew so much about the contours of their local geography the flora and fauna around, were totally at a loss with the textbook.
At the knowledge of the young students, the author _________
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (C) became aware of his own ignorance
Explanation
The passage directly states that when the tribal children demonstrated their extensive and deep practical knowledge of local geography, flora, fauna, and insects, the author was amazed and became painfully aware of his own ignorance.
6Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and attempt Question Nos.1 to 8 by choosing the most appropriate option:
I worked with tribal children in Chhattisgarh, in a single. teacher school where a large hut was partitioned with gunny bags into five classes. It was naturally chaotic and noisy. The teacher resorted to the stick to maintain discipline. It was impossible to do much inside the classroom so I decided to take my class- - std. V students- - outside. Once outside, the students were completely transformed. They were like free birds, chattering, singing, jumping and dancing. They led me to a pond, showed me different types of insects and weeds. They rattled off different characteristics of each insect, how and why they breed, their changing habitat and what the village folks do with them. I was amazed at how much they knew. The children were excellent at a catching fish and made a fishing contraption out of nothing. Some children showed me how to weave a basket out of the reeds nearby. They knew exactly when the sal and palash bloom, what part of a plant is edible, what part of a tree is used for stomach upsets, they recognized different bird and animal calls and that a profusion of a particular insect meant that train is around the corner. I became painfully aware of my own ignorance.
However, the next day we were confined to the classroom due to rains. So I began with a lesson in geography. To my dismay, the bright active students who knew so much about the contours of their local geography the flora and fauna around, were totally at a loss with the textbook.
The kind of knowledge that the pupils had, can be called _________
● Correct
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Answer: (D) having practical use
Explanation
The knowledge possessed by the tribal children involves identifying edible plants, knowing which parts of a tree can treat ailments like stomach upsets, understanding weather indicators from insect behavior, weaving baskets, and making fishing contraptions. These are highly functional, applied, and directly relevant to their daily lives and survival, demonstrating that their knowledge has direct practical use.
7Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and attempt Question Nos.1 to 8 by choosing the most appropriate option:
I worked with tribal children in Chhattisgarh, in a single. teacher school where a large hut was partitioned with gunny bags into five classes. It was naturally chaotic and noisy. The teacher resorted to the stick to maintain discipline. It was impossible to do much inside the classroom so I decided to take my class- - std. V students- - outside. Once outside, the students were completely transformed. They were like free birds, chattering, singing, jumping and dancing. They led me to a pond, showed me different types of insects and weeds. They rattled off different characteristics of each insect, how and why they breed, their changing habitat and what the village folks do with them. I was amazed at how much they knew. The children were excellent at a catching fish and made a fishing contraption out of nothing. Some children showed me how to weave a basket out of the reeds nearby. They knew exactly when the sal and palash bloom, what part of a plant is edible, what part of a tree is used for stomach upsets, they recognized different bird and animal calls and that a profusion of a particular insect meant that train is around the corner. I became painfully aware of my own ignorance.
However, the next day we were confined to the classroom due to rains. So I began with a lesson in geography. To my dismay, the bright active students who knew so much about the contours of their local geography the flora and fauna around, were totally at a loss with the textbook.
The mutual relationship between the teacher and the pupils was _________
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (B) mutually beneficial
Explanation
The relationship between the teacher and the pupils was mutually beneficial because it involved a reciprocal exchange of knowledge. While the teacher was there to guide and instruct the children, the children in turn taught the teacher about their local geography, flora, fauna, bird and animal calls, and practical survival skills, transforming the experience into a valuable two-way learning process.
8Reading Comprehension
I worked with tribal children in Chhattisgarh, in a single. teacher school where a large hut was partitioned with gunny bags into five classes. It was naturally chaotic and noisy. The teacher resorted to the stick to maintain discipline. It was impossible to do much inside the classroom so I decided to take my class- - std. V students- - outside. Once outside, the students were completely transformed. They were like free birds, chattering, singing, jumping and dancing. They led me to a pond, showed me different types of insects and weeds. They rattled off different characteristics of each insect, how and why they breed, their changing habitat and what the village folks do with them. I was amazed at how much they knew. The children were excellent at a catching fish and made a fishing contraption out of nothing. Some children showed me how to weave a basket out of the reeds nearby. They knew exactly when the sal and palash bloom, what part of a plant is edible, what part of a tree is used for stomach upsets, they recognized different bird and animal calls and that a profusion of a particular insect meant that train is around the corner. I became painfully aware of my own ignorance.
However, the next day we were confined to the classroom due to rains. So I began with a lesson in geography. To my dismay, the bright active students who knew so much about the contours of their local geography the flora and fauna around, were totally at a loss with the textbook.
The difference in the state of mind of the students outside the class and inside it left the teacher _________
● Correct
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Answer: (A) unhappy
Explanation
The author notes that outside the classroom, the tribal children were exceptionally bright, active, and possessed vast practical knowledge about their local environment. However, when confined to the classroom, they were completely at a loss with the textbooks. The author describes this contrast using the word dismay, which represents a feeling of unhappiness, distress, or disappointment. This stark difference in the children's state of mind and performance left the teacher feeling unhappy.
9Reading Comprehension
Reports say that 80 percent of the people coming out of India's colleges are unemployable. As one who is in contact with the young generation, I would disagree only with the figure. Interacting with the youth, I can only say that a good 90 percent are unemployable simply because they are evasive and irresponsible. Somewhere along the line, young people have started to mistake bad manners for confidence. They do not want to do anything but make a lot of money.
It is not that they are useless: most speak good English and are confident of themselves. They are aware of the latest ring tones, movies and jokes. But when one goes a little beyond, they stare at me with dull eyes. They want to earn a lot of money, thanks to the media hype and salary surveys published regularly, but they do not have skills that will help them earn that kind of money.
Their degrees are suspect: ask them a few questions on their graduation subjects and most young people flounder quickly. As for extra reading, nobody reads anything of consequence.
Nearly eighty percent people coming out the colleges _________
● Correct
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Answer: (A) do not have the capability to get jobs
Explanation
According to the opening sentence of the passage, reports indicate that 80 percent of the people coming out of India's colleges are unemployable. The term unemployable means lacking the necessary skills, qualities, or training required to find and sustain employment. Therefore, these graduates do not possess the capability to get jobs.
10Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and attempt Question Nos. 9 to 15 by choosing the most appropriate option:
Reports say that 80 percent of the people coming out of India's colleges are unemployable. As one who is in contact with the young generation, I would disagree only with the figure. Interacting with the youth, I can only say that a good 90 percent are unemployable simply because they are evasive and irresponsible. Somewhere along the line, young people have started to mistake bad manners for confidence. They do not want to do anything but make a lot of money.
It is not that they are useless: most speak good English and are confident of themselves. They are aware of the latest ring tones, movies and jokes. But when one goes a little beyond, they stare at me with dull eyes. They want to earn a lot of money, thanks to the media hype and salary surveys published regularly, but they do not have skills that will help them earn that kind of money.
Their degrees are suspect: ask them a few questions on their graduation subjects and most young people flounder quickly. As for extra reading, nobody reads anything of consequence.
According to author ninety percent of the youngsters are unemployable because they are ............
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (C) irresponsible and evasive
Explanation
The author explicitly states in the first paragraph of the passage that a good 90 percent of the youth are unemployable simply because they are evasive and irresponsible.
11Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and attempt Question Nos. 9 to 15 by choosing the most appropriate option:
Reports say that 80 percent of the people coming out of India's colleges are unemployable. As one who is in contact with the young generation, I would disagree only with the figure. Interacting with the youth, I can only say that a good 90 percent are unemployable simply because they are evasive and irresponsible. Somewhere along the line, young people have started to mistake bad manners for confidence. They do not want to do anything but make a lot of money.
It is not that they are useless: most speak good English and are confident of themselves. They are aware of the latest ring tones, movies and jokes. But when one goes a little beyond, they stare at me with dull eyes. They want to earn a lot of money, thanks to the media hype and salary surveys published regularly, but they do not have skills that will help them earn that kind of money.
Their degrees are suspect: ask them a few questions on their graduation subjects and most young people flounder quickly. As for extra reading, nobody reads anything of consequence.
Most of them, according to the author ............
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (D) speak good English
Explanation
The passage explicitly states in the second paragraph that most of the young college graduates speak good English and are confident of themselves. This directly confirms that the majority of them possess the ability to speak good English.
12Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and attempt Question Nos. 9 to 15 by choosing the most appropriate option:
Reports say that 80 percent of the people coming out of India's colleges are unemployable. As one who is in contact with the young generation, I would disagree only with the figure. Interacting with the youth, I can only say that a good 90 percent are unemployable simply because they are evasive and irresponsible. Somewhere along the line, young people have started to mistake bad manners for confidence. They do not want to do anything but make a lot of money.
It is not that they are useless: most speak good English and are confident of themselves. They are aware of the latest ring tones, movies and jokes. But when one goes a little beyond, they stare at me with dull eyes. They want to earn a lot of money, thanks to the media hype and salary surveys published regularly, but they do not have skills that will help them earn that kind of money.
Their degrees are suspect: ask them a few questions on their graduation subjects and most young people flounder quickly. As for extra reading, nobody reads anything of consequence.
Why do young people want to earn a lot of money ?
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (C) Because of a kind of hysteria about it. created by the media
Explanation
According to the passage, the primary reason young people desire to earn a lot of money is the regular publication of salary surveys and the hype generated around high earnings by the media. This media-driven publicity creates a strong fascination or hysteria among the youth, prompting them to expect high financial rewards regardless of their actual skills and qualifications.
13Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and attempt Question Nos. 9 to 15 by choosing the most appropriate option:
Reports say that 80 percent of the people coming out of India's colleges are unemployable. As one who is in contact with the young generation, I would disagree only with the figure. Interacting with the youth, I can only say that a good 90 percent are unemployable simply because they are evasive and irresponsible. Somewhere along the line, young people have started to mistake bad manners for confidence. They do not want to do anything but make a lot of money.
It is not that they are useless: most speak good English and are confident of themselves. They are aware of the latest ring tones, movies and jokes. But when one goes a little beyond, they stare at me with dull eyes. They want to earn a lot of money, thanks to the media hype and salary surveys published regularly, but they do not have skills that will help them earn that kind of money.
Their degrees are suspect: ask them a few questions on their graduation subjects and most young people flounder quickly. As for extra reading, nobody reads anything of consequence.
The level of understanding of most young people of their graduation subjects is ............
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (B) condemnable
Explanation
The passage highlights that the level of understanding of most young graduates in their specialization subjects is highly unsatisfactory. The author states that their degrees are suspect because when asked a few questions about their graduation subjects, they flounder quickly. This inability to answer basic questions about their field of study demonstrates a poor and condemnable level of academic understanding.
14Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and attempt Question Nos. 9 to 15 by choosing the most appropriate option:
Reports say that 80 percent of the people coming out of India's colleges are unemployable. As one who is in contact with the young generation, I would disagree only with the figure. Interacting with the youth, I can only say that a good 90 percent are unemployable simply because they are evasive and irresponsible. Somewhere along the line, young people have started to mistake bad manners for confidence. They do not want to do anything but make a lot of money.
It is not that they are useless: most speak good English and are confident of themselves. They are aware of the latest ring tones, movies and jokes. But when one goes a little beyond, they stare at me with dull eyes. They want to earn a lot of money, thanks to the media hype and salary surveys published regularly, but they do not have skills that will help them earn that kind of money.
Their degrees are suspect: ask them a few questions on their graduation subjects and most young people flounder quickly. As for extra reading, nobody reads anything of consequence.
The author ............ reports regarding employability of the graduates.
● Correct
● Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted
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Answer: (C) partially disagrees with
Explanation
The author agrees with the core premise of the reports that college graduates are largely unemployable, but objects specifically to the statistic presented. By stating that they would disagree only with the figure and asserting that 90 percent rather than 80 percent of youth are unemployable, the author displays a partial disagreement with the reports.
15Reading Comprehension
Read the passage carefully and attempt Question Nos. 9 to 15 by choosing the most appropriate option:
Reports say that 80 percent of the people coming out of India's colleges are unemployable. As one who is in contact with the young generation, I would disagree only with the figure. Interacting with the youth, I can only say that a good 90 percent are unemployable simply because they are evasive and irresponsible. Somewhere along the line, young people have started to mistake bad manners for confidence. They do not want to do anything but make a lot of money.
It is not that they are useless: most speak good English and are confident of themselves. They are aware of the latest ring tones, movies and jokes. But when one goes a little beyond, they stare at me with dull eyes. They want to earn a lot of money, thanks to the media hype and salary surveys published regularly, but they do not have skills that will help them earn that kind of money.
Their degrees are suspect: ask them a few questions on their graduation subjects and most young people flounder quickly. As for extra reading, nobody reads anything of consequence.
According to the author, our graduates ............
● Correct
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Answer: (D) do not read useful books
Explanation
The passage explicitly states, "As for extra reading, nobody reads anything of consequence." Here, the phrase "anything of consequence" refers to reading material that has importance, significance, or valuable substance. Therefore, the author is pointing out that graduates do not read useful or intellectually meaningful books.
16Logical Reasoning
Fill in the blanks with the correct option:
If you had worked hard, you ________ passed.
● Correct
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Answer: (A) would have
Explanation
This sentence is a third conditional sentence, which is used to describe a hypothetical situation in the past and its imaginary result. The standard grammatical structure for a third conditional sentence requires the conditional clause to be in the past perfect tense (if + subject + had + past participle) and the main clause to use the perfect conditional structure (subject + would have + past participle). In this sentence, the conditional clause "If you had worked hard" is in the past perfect tense, which means the main clause must be completed using "would have" before the past participle "passed" to maintain grammatical correctness.
17Logical Reasoning
Fill in the blanks with the correct option:
If I ______ rich, I would support your fantastic ventures.
● Correct
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Answer: (D) were
Explanation
This sentence is an example of the second conditional, which is used to express hypothetical, unreal, or imaginary situations in the present or future. In formal English grammar, the subjunctive mood verb "were" is used in the "if" clause for all subjects, including the first-person singular pronoun "I", to indicate that the condition is contrary to fact. This is followed by "would" and the base form of the verb in the main clause.
18Reading Comprehension
Fill in the blanks with the correct option:
She needs time to finish the task.
● Correct
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Answer: (B) more
Explanation
The comparative determiner more is used before the uncountable noun time to indicate that a greater or additional amount of time is required to complete the given task. This usage appropriately conveys that the current amount of time allocated is insufficient and she requires an additional quantity of it to achieve the goal.
19Logical Reasoning
Fill in the blanks with the correct option:
Carrier pigeons to have been used by early humans for communication.
● Correct
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Answer: (A) are said
Explanation
The sentence requires a passive reporting verb structure to express a widely accepted claim or belief about a historical fact. The construction subject + passive reporting verb + to-infinitive is the standard grammatical pattern used to report what people say or believe about a subject. Here, the present passive verb phrase are said combined with the perfect passive infinitive to have been used correctly indicates a present belief about an action that occurred in the past.
20Reading Comprehension
Fill in the blanks with the correct option:
For a long time the earth to be flat.
● Correct
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Answer: (D) was believed
Explanation
The sentence requires a passive voice construction in the past tense to describe a historical opinion or assumption that is no longer held. The structure "was believed to be" is the grammatically correct passive form that denotes a past, widely-held belief about the subject.
21Reading Comprehension
Fill in the blanks with the correct option:
You have it to believe it.
● Correct
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Answer: (C) to see
Explanation
The sentence is completed by the idiom "to see it to believe it". The phrase "have to see it to believe it" is a standard English expression used to indicate that something is so unusual, extraordinary, or incredible that a person must witness it firsthand in order to accept it as true. Grammatically, "have to" functions as a semi-modal verb expressing necessity, which is followed by the base form of the verb "see". Therefore, inserting "to see" correctly completes both the syntactic structure and the idiomatic meaning of the sentence.
22Reading Comprehension
Fill in the blanks with the correct option:
'What a nuisance! Now I'll have to do it again,' he exclaimed.
● Correct
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Answer: (B) all over
Explanation
The idiom to do something "all over again" means to repeat a task from the very beginning, usually because the first attempt was unsuccessful, ruined, or incorrect. Placing "all over" in the blank completes the common idiomatic phrase "do it all over again," perfectly matching the context of exclamation and annoyance.
23Reading Comprehension
Fill in the blanks with the correct option:
My father has been very ill the last month.
● Correct
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Answer: (A) for
Explanation
The preposition for is used with the present perfect tense to denote a duration or a specific period of time. In the sentence, the phrase the last month refers to a duration of approximately thirty days leading up to the present. When referring to a block of time as a period of duration, the preposition for is grammatically required to show how long the state of being ill has continued.
24Logical Reasoning
Fill in the blanks with the correct option:
How I get from here to the railway station ?
● Correct
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Answer: (A) do
Explanation
The sentence requires an auxiliary verb to form a question in the simple present tense with the first-person singular pronoun "I" and the base form of the main verb "get". The auxiliary verb "do" is used to construct such questions, resulting in the grammatically correct sentence: "How do I get from here to the railway station?".
25Reading Comprehension
Fill in the blanks with the correct option:
Uneasy lies the head that the crown.
● Correct
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Answer: (D) wears
Explanation
This line is a famous proverb and a direct quote from William Shakespeare's historical play King Henry IV, Part 2, Act 3, Scene 1. The complete quote is "Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown," which means that those with great power and responsibility, such as a king or leader, are constantly burdened by worry and difficult decisions, preventing them from enjoying peace of mind or restful sleep.
26Reading Comprehension
Fill in the blanks with the correct option:
If they please let me know.
● Correct
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Answer: (A) refuse
Explanation
The sentence employs a conditional structure where the conditional clause uses the simple present tense and the main clause is an imperative sentence. In this pattern, the simple present verb refuse is used in the conditional clause to refer to a possible future action, which is followed by a request or instruction in the main clause.
27Reading Comprehension
Fill in the blanks with the correct option:
Gentlemen, let's arrive a conclusion.
● Correct
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Answer: (C) at
Explanation
The preposition "at" is used with the verb "arrive" when referring to reaching a decision, compromise, agreement, or conclusion after discussion or consideration. The phrasal verb "arrive at" is the standard idiomatic expression in English grammar for reaching a final judgment or resolution.
28Reading Comprehension
Fill in the blanks with the correct option:
I brought my papers, but nobody them.
● Correct
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Answer: (D) cared to see
Explanation
The first part of the sentence uses the verb brought, which is in the simple past tense. To maintain proper tense consistency across the coordinate clauses connected by the conjunction but, the verb in the second clause must also be in the past tense. The phrase cared to see uses the simple past tense verb cared, perfectly matching the temporal frame of the sentence and providing a grammatically correct and semantically logical completion.
29Logical Reasoning
Fill in the blanks with the correct option:
You come for the interview if you don't get a call.
● Correct
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Answer: (C) needn't
Explanation
The semi-modal verb needn't, which is a contraction of need not, is used to express a lack of obligation or necessity. In this sentence, it correctly indicates that there is no requirement or necessity for the person to attend the interview if they do not receive an invitation or call.
30Reading Comprehension
Fill in the blanks with the correct option:
are all your so called friends now ?
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Answer: (D) Where
Explanation
The interrogative adverb "Where" is used to inquire about the location, presence, or whereabouts of someone. In this rhetorical context, it questions the whereabouts of the "so-called friends" in a time of need, implying they are absent or nowhere to be found when they are actually required.
31Quantitative Aptitude
How many numbers between 300 and 1000 are divisible by 7 and 8 both ?
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Answer: (C) 12
Explanation
To find the number of integers between 300 and 1000 that are divisible by both 7 and 8, we find the multiples of their least common multiple. Since 7 and 8 are co-prime, their least common multiple is 7 × 8 = 56.
The first multiple of 56 greater than 300 is 56 × 6 = 336.
The last multiple of 56 less than 1000 is 56 × 17 = 952.
Using the formula for the number of terms n in an arithmetic progression where the first term is a = 336, the last term is l = 952, and the common difference is d = 56:
l = a + (n - 1)d
952 = 336 + (n - 1) × 56
616 = (n - 1) × 56
n - 1 = 11
n = 12
32Quantitative Aptitude
What is the sum of the following series ?
(1)/(1.2) +(1)/(2.3) +(1)/(3.4) +… +(1)/(n(n + 1)) +… .?
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Answer: (C) 1
Explanation
The general term of the given infinite series is:
aₙ = 1 / (n(n + 1))
By using partial fractions, this term can be rewritten as:
aₙ = 1/n - 1/(n + 1)
Writing down the sum of the first N terms (S_N) of this telescoping series:
S_N = (1/1 - 1/2) + (1/2 - 1/3) + (1/3 - 1/4) + ... + (1/N - 1/(N + 1))
When we sum these terms, all intermediate terms cancel each other out, leaving only the first and the last terms:
S_N = 1 - 1/(N + 1)
Taking the limit as N approaches infinity to find the sum of the infinite series:
S = lim (1 - 1/(N + 1)) as N → ∞
S = 1 - 0 = 1
33Quantitative Aptitude
Aditya travelled a distance of 80 km in 12 hours. He covered a part of the distance on a bicycle at the rate of 6 km / hour and a part on a scooter at the rate of 14 km / hour . How much distance did he travel on bicycle ?
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Answer: (A) 66 km
Explanation
Let the distance travelled by Aditya on the bicycle be x km. Since the total distance is 80 km, the distance travelled on the scooter is 80 - x km.
The total time taken for the journey is 12 hours. Using the relation Time = Distance / Speed, the equation is:
x/6 + (80 - x)/14 = 12
Multiplying the entire equation by 42, which is the least common multiple of 6 and 14, to eliminate the fractions:
7x + 3(80 - x) = 12 × 42
7x + 240 - 3x = 504
4x + 240 = 504
4x = 264
x = 66
The distance covered on the bicycle is 66 km.
34Quantitative Aptitude
Ram, Abdul and Kiran start walking together and their steps measure 42 cm , 45 cm and 40 cm respectively. What is the minimum distance each should walk so that each can cover the same distance in complete steps ?
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Answer: (B) 25 m 20 cm
Explanation
To find the minimum distance each should walk so that each can cover the same distance in complete steps, we find the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of the individual step measures: 42 cm, 45 cm, and 40 cm.
The prime factorization of each number is:
42 = 2 × 3 × 7
45 = 3² × 5
40 = 2³ × 5
Taking the highest power of each prime factor involved, the LCM is:
LCM = 2³ × 3² × 5 × 7
LCM = 8 × 9 × 5 × 7
LCM = 2520 cm
Converting the total centimeters into meters and centimeters gives:
2520 cm = 25 m 20 cm
35Quantitative Aptitude
Three years ago, the average age of a family of 5 members was 17 years. A baby having been born, the average age of family is the same today. What is the age of the baby ?
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Answer: (C) 2 years
Explanation
Sum of ages of 5 members 3 years ago = 5 × 17 = 85 years.
Since each of the 5 members has aged by 3 years over this period, the sum of their ages today is 85 + (5 × 3) = 100 years.
With the birth of the baby, the family now consists of 6 members, and their average age today is still 17 years.
Sum of ages of all 6 members today = 6 × 17 = 102 years.
The age of the baby is the difference between the current sum of 6 members and the current sum of 5 members: 102 - 100 = 2 years.
36Quantitative Aptitude
If in an examination, 63% of the candidates passed in English; 65% in Mathematics and 27% failed in both subjects, what is the pass percentage ?
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Answer: (D) 55%
Explanation
Using the set theory formula for two overlapping groups, let E represent the percentage of candidates who passed in English and M represent the percentage of candidates who passed in Mathematics.
We are given:
P(E) = 63%
P(M) = 65%
The percentage of candidates who failed in both subjects is 27%. This means the percentage of candidates who passed in at least one of the subjects is:
P(E ∪ M) = 100% - 27% = 73%
The standard formula for the union of two sets is:
P(E ∪ M) = P(E) + P(M) - P(E ∩ M)
Substituting the given values into the formula:
73% = 63% + 65% - P(E ∩ M)
73% = 128% - P(E ∩ M)
P(E ∩ M) = 128% - 73% = 55%
The percentage of candidates who passed in both subjects, which represents the overall pass percentage of the examination, is 55%.
37Quantitative Aptitude
A certain number of books were purchased for Rs. 300. Five more books could have been purchased in the same amount, if each book was cheaper by Rs. 10. The total number of books purchased are :
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Answer: (B) 10
Explanation
Let the original number of books purchased be x. Since the total amount spent is ₹300, the cost of each book is 300/x.
If each book was cheaper by ₹10, the new price per book would be 300/x - 10. At this lower price, 5 more books could be purchased, which is x + 5 books.
Using the relationship for the total cost, we can write:
(x + 5) × (300/x - 10) = 300
Since the number of books must be a positive quantity, we discard x = -15. Therefore, x = 10.
38Quantitative Aptitude
If 3 men or 6 women can do a piece of work in 16 days, in how many days can 12 men and 8 women do the same piece of work ?
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Answer: (A) 3 days
Explanation
Using the work equivalence relation, 3 men do the same amount of work as 6 women, which means 1 man is equivalent to 2 women.
To find the time taken by 12 men and 8 women, convert the group entirely into equivalent women:
12 men + 8 women = (12 × 2) women + 8 women = 24 women + 8 women = 32 women
Applying the formula M₁ × D₁ = M₂ × D₂:
6 × 16 = 32 × D₂
96 = 32 × D₂
D₂ = 3 days
39Quantitative Aptitude
In an army camp, 45 days food is available for 50 soldiers, then how many days will this food sufficient for 75 soldiers ?
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Answer: (B) 30 days
Explanation
Using the inverse variation formula for food provisioning:
M₁ × D₁ = M₂ × D₂
Here, M₁ represents the initial number of soldiers, D₁ is the number of days the food lasts for them, M₂ is the new number of soldiers, and D₂ is the number of days the food will last for the new group.
Substituting the given values:
50 × 45 = 75 × D₂
2250 = 75 × D₂
D₂ = 2250 ÷ 75 = 30
40Quantitative Aptitude
Deepak purchased 25 tables for Rs. 12,500 and recovered the cost by selling 14 tables. What is the gain percentage ?
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Answer: (B) 78.5%
Explanation
Deepak purchased 25 tables and recovered the entire cost of ₹12,500 by selling 14 tables. This means the selling price of 14 tables is equal to the cost price of 25 tables.
Using the relation for transaction of goods:
14 × SP = 25 × CP
SP / CP = 25 / 14
The gain percentage is given by the formula:
Gain % = ((SP - CP) / CP) × 100
Substituting the values:
Gain % = ((25 - 14) / 14) × 100
Gain % = (11 / 14) × 100
Gain % = 78.57%
Rounding to one decimal place gives 78.5%.
41Quantitative Aptitude
Ram and Mohan can finish a piece of work in 18 days, Mohan and Abdul in 24 days, and Ram and Abdul in 36 days. In what time can they finish it all working together ?
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Answer: (B) 16 days
Explanation
Let the total work be the least common multiple of the individual times, LCM(18, 24, 36) = 72 units.
The daily work rates of the pairs are:
Ram and Mohan = 72 / 18 = 4 units per day
Mohan and Abdul = 72 / 24 = 3 units per day
Ram and Abdul = 72 / 36 = 2 units per day
Summing these rates gives twice the combined daily rate of Ram, Mohan, and Abdul working together:
2 × (Ram + Mohan + Abdul) = 4 + 3 + 2 = 9 units per day
Thus, the combined daily rate of Ram, Mohan, and Abdul is:
9 / 2 = 4.5 units per day
The time required for all of them working together to complete the 72 units of work is:
Time = 72 / 4.5 = 16 days
42Quantitative Aptitude
If Nishant walks at 5 km/hour, he misses his bus by 3 minutes, and if he walks at 6 km/hour, he reaches the bus stop 3 minutes too early. How far is the bus stop from his place?
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Answer: (C) 3km
Explanation
The distance to the bus stop can be directly calculated using the standard formula:
Distance = (Product of speeds / Difference of speeds) × Difference in time
The difference in time between arriving 3 minutes late and 3 minutes early is 3 + 3 = 6 minutes. Converting this time difference into hours gives 6/60 = 1/10 hour.
Substituting the speeds of 5 km/hour and 6 km/hour into the formula:
A table cover of size 3.5m× 1.5m is spread on a table. If 25cm table cover is hanging all round the table, then what is the cost of polishing the top of the table at Rs. 50 per m² ?
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Answer: (B) Rs. 150
Explanation
The dimensions of the table cover are 3.5 m by 1.5 m. Since 25 cm, which is equal to 0.25 m, of the table cover hangs down all around the table, the length and width of the table top are obtained by subtracting twice this hanging margin from the cover's dimensions.
Length of the table top = 3.5 m - (2 × 0.25 m) = 3.5 m - 0.5 m = 3.0 m
Width of the table top = 1.5 m - (2 × 0.25 m) = 1.5 m - 0.5 m = 1.0 m
Area of the table top = Length × Width = 3.0 m × 1.0 m = 3 m²
Cost of polishing the table top = Area × Rate = 3 m² × Rs. 50 per m² = Rs. 150.
44Quantitative Aptitude
30 books are placed at random in a shelf. What is the probability that a particular pair of books are never together?
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Answer: (C) ¹⁴⁄₁₅
Explanation
Total number of ways to arrange 30 books in a shelf is 30!.
To find the number of ways in which a particular pair of books are together, we can treat these two books as a single unit. This unit, together with the remaining 28 books, gives 29 units to be arranged. These 29 units can be arranged in 29! ways. Within the unit, the two books can be arranged among themselves in 2! ways.
Thus, the number of arrangements where the two books are together is 2 × 29!.
The number of arrangements where the two books are never together is:
30! - (2 × 29!) = 29! × (30 - 2) = 28 × 29!
The probability that the two books are never together is:
(28 × 29!) / 30! = 28 / 30 = 14/15
45Quantitative Aptitude
Out of five Mathematicians and six economists a committee consisting of three Mathematicians and two economists is to be formed. How many different committees can be formed if two particular Mathematicians must be on the committee?
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Answer: (D) 45 ways
Explanation
Using the combinations formula ⁿCᵣ = n! / (r! × (n - r)!), we can find the number of ways to form the committee.
Since two particular mathematicians must be included in the committee of three, we only need to select 1 more mathematician from the remaining 3 available mathematicians. The number of ways to do this is ³C₁ = 3.
We also need to choose 2 economists from the 6 available economists. The number of ways to choose them is ⁶C₂ = (6 × 5) / (2 × 1) = 15.
By the multiplication principle, the total number of different committees that can be formed is ³C₁ × ⁶C₂ = 3 × 15 = 45.
46Quantitative Aptitude
Which of the following equalities is not correct?
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Answer: (D) A∩ (B∪ C) = (A∩ B)
Explanation
The distributive law of set theory states that intersection distributes over union as follows:
A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)
This union is not equal to (A ∩ B) in general, as the term (A ∩ C) is not necessarily a subset of (A ∩ B). For example, if we take A = {1, 2}, B = {1}, and C = {2}, then:
B ∪ C = {1, 2}
A ∩ (B ∪ C) = {1, 2} ∩ {1, 2} = {1, 2}
A ∩ B = {1, 2} ∩ {1} = {1}
Since {1, 2} ≠ {1}, the given equality does not hold.
47Quantitative Aptitude
If the lengths of the diagonal of a kite is 16cm and 18cm respectively, then what is the area of the kite?
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Answer: (C) 144cm²
Explanation
The area of a kite is calculated directly using the formula:
Area = ½ × d₁ × d₂
where d₁ and d₂ represent the lengths of its diagonals.
Substituting the given diagonal lengths of 16 cm and 18 cm into the formula:
Area = ½ × 16 × 18 = 8 × 18 = 144 cm²
48Quantitative Aptitude
The perimeters of two similar triangles Δ PQR and Δ EFG are 39 cm and 26 cm respectively. If EF = 15 cm , then what is the measure of PQ ?
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Answer: (B) 22.5 cm
Explanation
For any two similar triangles, the ratio of their perimeters is equal to the ratio of their corresponding sides. Since triangle PQR is similar to triangle EFG, the ratio of the perimeter of triangle PQR to the perimeter of triangle EFG is equal to the ratio of the side PQ to its corresponding side EF.
Perimeter of triangle PQR / Perimeter of triangle EFG = PQ / EF
Substituting the given values into the formula:
39 / 26 = PQ / 15
Simplifying the ratio of the perimeters by dividing both numerator and denominator by 13:
3 / 2 = PQ / 15
Solving for PQ:
PQ = (3 × 15) / 2
PQ = 45 / 2
PQ = 22.5 cm
49Quantitative Aptitude
If average of a, b, c is M and ab + bc + ca = 0 , then average of a², b², c² will be :
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Answer: (C) 3M²
Explanation
The average of a, b, and c is given as M. This relation is written as:
(a + b + c) / 3 = M
Multiplying both sides by 3 gives:
a + b + c = 3M
Squaring both sides of this equation yields:
(a + b + c)² = (3M)²
a² + b² + c² + 2(ab + bc + ca) = 9M²
Since it is given that ab + bc + ca = 0, substitute this value into the expansion:
a² + b² + c² + 2(0) = 9M²
a² + b² + c² = 9M²
The average of a², b², and c² is defined as:
Average = (a² + b² + c²) / 3
Substitute the sum of the squares into this formula:
Average = 9M² / 3 = 3M²
50Quantitative Aptitude
Anand buys a house and gives for it 20 times the annual rent. What rate of interest does he get for his money ?
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Answer: (B) 5%
Explanation
Let the annual rent of the house be R.
Since the purchase price of the house is 20 times the annual rent, the total investment is 20 × R.
The annual rate of interest earned on this investment is the ratio of the annual return (the rent received) to the total investment, expressed as a percentage.
Rate of Interest = (Annual Rent / Total Investment) × 100%
A case of sexual harassment against one of your staffs came to you. Media people approach you to tell them about the case. As a head of the office, you will :
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Answer: (C) explain them that the case was under investigation and you could not divulge the details
Explanation
Under Section 16 of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, there is a strict statutory prohibition on disclosing or publishing any information regarding the identity of the aggrieved woman, respondent, witnesses, or any details of the inquiry proceedings to the public or the media. Maintaining absolute confidentiality is a legal mandate designed to protect the privacy and safety of the parties involved and to prevent any external influence or prejudice during the investigation. As the head of the office, upholding this legal and ethical duty requires informing the media that the case is under investigation and details cannot be shared.
52Decision Making
In a university, you appeared for a position in teaching. You have not performed well but your friend with low marks at masters' level got appointed. Then :
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Answer: (D) You will prepare well for the next interview by analyzing what went wrong
Explanation
Approaching setbacks with a growth mindset is key to professional and personal development. When faced with failure in an interview, reflecting on one's own performance, identifying weak areas, and preparing systematically for future opportunities is the most constructive and rational course of action. Self-reflection and proactive preparation help in building resilience, enhancing skills, and ensuring better outcomes in subsequent endeavors.
53Decision Making
You are the Principal of a college and one should complete 18 years of age to get admission in your college. The son of the college chairman has completed 17 years 11 months. In this case :
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Answer: (C) you will reject his application for admission as the rule applies to all
Explanation
In administrative and educational leadership, upholding the principles of integrity, fairness, and the rule of law is paramount. Rules and regulations established by an institution must be applied uniformly to all applicants, without any bias or favoritism toward individuals of high status or influence. Since the admission policy strictly mandates a minimum age of 18 years, allowing an underage candidate violates institutional norms. Rejecting the application maintains institutional credibility, ensures equal treatment for all students, and prevents any conflict of interest or ethical compromise.
54Decision Making
If you are a paper setter for a competitive examination and your friend's son is appearing for the same examination, then :
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Answer: (C) you will keep the examination work completely confidential
Explanation
Maintaining complete confidentiality of the examination process is the primary ethical and professional duty of a paper setter. This practice ensures the integrity, credibility, and fairness of the competitive examination, ensuring that all candidates are evaluated on an equal footing without any bias, favoritism, or conflict of interest.
55Decision Making
You want to register a land deed, a subordinate of the registrar calls you and asks unnecessary questions about the land, implying a bribe is needed. In such a case, you will :
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Answer: (D) complain to the registrar
Explanation
Reporting the matter to the registrar is the ethically and administratively correct course of action when faced with corruption. As the head of the registration office, the registrar is the competent authority responsible for supervising subordinates, ensuring procedural integrity, and addressing grievances. Filing a formal complaint helps maintain administrative accountability, deters corrupt practices within public offices, and ensures that the land deed registration is processed in a legal and transparent manner without yielding to illegal demands.
56Decision Making
You are the manager of a factory which witnesses an accidental death a worker one day. Being the manager, you should :
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Answer: (C) immediately call the police to initiate a probe and take care of the law and order of the factory
Explanation
In the event of an accidental death in a factory, the manager has a legal and ethical duty to ensure transparency, compliance with the law, and the safety of the workplace. Immediately calling the police ensures that an unbiased, official investigation is launched to determine the cause of the accident, which is a mandatory legal requirement under industrial safety laws. It also helps manage any potential law and order issues or panic among the workforce, ensuring that the situation is handled in a professional, swift, and lawful manner.
57Decision Making
During a movie show, a wire starts showing sparks in the cinema hall. You are the manager of the cinema hall. In such a situation, you will first:
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Answer: (D) switch off the mains and ask security to open the emergency exit gates immediately
Explanation
In an emergency involving electrical sparks, the primary responsibility of a cinema hall manager is to mitigate the hazard and ensure public safety. Switching off the mains immediately cuts off the power supply, which stops the sparking at its source and prevents a potential electrical fire or electrocution. Simultaneously, instructing the security team to open the emergency exit gates ensures that a clear and safe evacuation route is ready, minimizing the risk of panic and stampede among the audience. This immediate action addresses both the root cause of the hazard and the safety of the people inside the hall.
58Decision Making
A hijacked plane had to have an emergency landing at an airport. There are more than 300 passengers in the plane whose lives are at risk. Being the air traffic controller, you will:
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Answer: (D) try to make sure that the plane does not take off that airport to enter another country
Explanation
Under standard anti-hijacking guidelines and emergency response protocols, the primary tactical objective of airport authorities and the air traffic controller when a hijacked aircraft lands is to keep the plane on the ground. Preventing the plane from taking off and entering another country's airspace is critical because it ensures that national security agencies, negotiators, and tactical response units can manage and resolve the crisis within their own jurisdiction. Allowing the aircraft to take off severely limits rescue options, complicates diplomatic and legal coordination, and dramatically increases the danger to the passengers. Therefore, the air traffic controller must work to ensure the aircraft remains grounded by utilizing procedural controls or coordinating physical runway obstructions.
59Decision Making
A criminal murdered a man's wife and two children brutally and hence ruined his entire life. The apex court counted the crime as the rarest of the rare case and sentenced capital punishment for the accused. The President of the nation received a mercy petition from the convict with a report that said that the convict, in past couple of years had shown good morals and signs of sincerity. Still the President retained the capital punishment. What do you think the reason could have been to retain the punishment?
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Answer: (C) One of the objectives of a punishment is to cater to the feeling of revenge of the victim
Explanation
The retributive theory of punishment posits that the severity of a punishment should be proportionate to the gravity and brutality of the crime committed. In cases of heinous offenses, such as the brutal murder of an entire family, the act severely shatters the life of the surviving victim and deeply offends the collective conscience of society. One of the central tenets of this retributive approach is to ensure that the justice system delivers proportional retribution, which addresses the victims' and society's demand for justice and retribution. Because the primary goal in such extraordinary cases is to satisfy this retributive aspect of justice, it overrides any subsequent reformative progress or good behavior shown by the convict while in custody. Therefore, the capital punishment is maintained to fulfill this objective of the penal system.
60Decision Making
USA has a policy of not entertaining demands of abductors. You are the President of the USA and this time militants have abducted a close relative of the defence minister. What shall you be doing?
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Answer: (D) Stick to the policy of the state as in long-run. This discourages anti-social elements to involve in abduction-ransom business
Explanation
Upholding established state policies and institutional rules is critical to national security and consistent governance. The standard policy of not negotiating with abductors is designed as a long-term deterrence strategy to ensure that taking hostages is not seen as a viable or profitable negotiation tactic. Deviating from this policy, even in high-profile cases involving relatives of key officials, would create a dangerous precedent, encourage future abductions of state personnel, and compromise public trust in the state's consistency and fairness. Maintaining the policy in the long run actively discourages anti-social elements from engaging in the kidnapping-ransom trade.
61Decision Making
Assertiveness means :
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Answer: (A) Expressing your thoughts, emotions, beliefs and opinions in an honest and appropriate way
Explanation
Assertiveness is a core communication style characterized by a confident, direct, and respectful expression of one's personal thoughts, emotions, beliefs, and opinions. It allows an individual to advocate for their own needs and boundaries in an honest and appropriate manner, without resorting to passive compliance or aggressive hostility. This balanced approach to interpersonal interaction ensures mutual respect and constructive communication in both personal and professional spheres.
62Decision Making
When an organization thinks its audience will be interested in what they have to say or willing to cooperate, it usually opts for :
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Answer: (C) Direct approach
Explanation
The direct approach in business communication is used when the audience is expected to be receptive, interested, or willing to cooperate with the message. In this method, the main idea, decision, or key request is presented immediately at the beginning of the communication, followed by the necessary details, explanations, and a polite closing. Placing the most important information first respects the audience's time and ensures immediate clarity when no resistance or negative reaction is anticipated.
63Logical Reasoning
Noise in communication deals with :
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Answer: (D) All of the above
Explanation
In communication theory, noise refers to any barrier, distraction, or interference that disrupts, distorts, or impedes the successful transmission and reception of a message. Noise is categorized into various forms depending on its source. Complicated jargon represents semantic noise, where the use of specialized or complex language prevents the receiver from accurately decoding the message. Inattention and disinterest are forms of psychological noise, which stem from the internal cognitive or emotional state of the receiver, leading to a failure to actively listen or process the information. Because all of these factors interfere with effective communication, they are all classified as forms of noise.
64Decision Making
A listener is concentrating on the appearance and delivery style of the speaker instead of the subject. In this case, the barrier to listening is :
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Answer: (C) Wrong focus
Explanation
A barrier to effective listening occurs when a listener directs their attention to superficial elements rather than the message itself. By concentrating on the speaker's physical appearance, clothing, gestures, accent, or delivery style instead of the content of the speech, the listener shifts their attention away from the actual subject matter. This misplaced concentration represents a wrong focus, where the listener becomes distracted by peripheral details, leading to a failure in accurately receiving and understanding the core message.
65Decision Making
Leadership roles first emerge in which of the following kinds of communication ?
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Answer: (B) Small group communication
Explanation
In small group communication, which involves three or more individuals interacting to achieve a common goal, leadership roles first emerge naturally. Unlike communication between only two people, a group structure requires organization, coordination, and direction to function effectively and manage diverse inputs. As the group begins working toward its objective, specific leadership behaviors and roles develop organically to guide decision-making, facilitate tasks, resolve conflicts, and maintain cohesion among the members. This makes small group communication the primary level of communication where structured leadership roles manifest.
66Logical Reasoning
Which of the following is an example of mediated communication ?
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Answer: (C) A newsreader delivers the primetime report on the eight o'clock news
Explanation
Mediated communication refers to any communication interaction that is carried out through an intervening channel, medium, or technological device, rather than through direct, unmediated face-to-face contact. A newsreader delivering a primetime report on television utilizes the broadcast medium as a technological channel to transmit the message to a geographically dispersed audience, making it a classic example of mass-mediated communication.
67Logical Reasoning
The physical objects surrounding a person, that indicate to others a person's personal and social beliefs and habits is called :
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Answer: (B) Artifacts
Explanation
In the study of nonverbal communication, the physical objects that surround a person — such as clothing, accessories, decorations, tools, and other personal possessions — are collectively called artifacts. These tangible items function as extensions of a person's self-concept: people consciously or unconsciously select and display them, and observers interpret them as symbolic markers that reveal the owner's identity, social status, cultural background, values, beliefs, and daily habits. Therefore, the correct answer is B (Artifacts). Phonemes (A) are units of spoken sound in linguistics; syntax (C) refers to the grammatical rules for constructing sentences; 'All of the above' (D) is incorrect because only artifacts fits the definition.
68Logical Reasoning
Another name for critical listening is :
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Answer: (D) Evaluative Listening
Explanation
Critical listening is a process where the listener actively analyzes, assesses, and judges the quality, logic, and truthfulness of the message being communicated. Instead of merely receiving information, the listener examines the evidence, identifies any underlying biases, and evaluates the overall strength of the speaker's argument. Because the core function of this listening style is to make an objective judgment or evaluation of the message, it is synonymously referred to as evaluative listening.
69Reading Comprehension
______ studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning.
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Answer: (A) Pragmatics
Explanation
Pragmatics is the branch of linguistics that studies how context contributes to meaning. It focuses on the use of language in social contexts and the ways in which people produce and comprehend meanings through interactions. Unlike literal meaning, pragmatics examines how situational factors, conversational implications, speaker intent, and shared knowledge between communicators shape the actual interpretation of an utterance.
70Reading Comprehension
Dyadic communication is also known as :
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Answer: (B) Interpersonal Communication
Explanation
Dyadic communication refers to the direct, face-to-face or mediated sharing of information, ideas, and feelings between two people. The term dyad represents a group of two individuals. This two-way exchange allows for immediate feedback and mutual influence, which is the defining characteristic of interpersonal communication.
71Logical Reasoning
In a certain code "MATHEMATICS" is written as "MAEMICS-THAT". How is "PHYSICS" written in that code ?
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Answer: (B) PHICSYS
Explanation
For MATHEMATICS, the letter pairs are MA (1st), TH (2nd), EM (3rd), AT (4th), IC (5th), and S (6th). Grouping the odd-numbered parts (1st, 3rd, 5th, and 6th) gives MAEMICS, while grouping the even-numbered parts (2nd and 4th) gives THAT, which combine to form MAEMICS-THAT.
Applying this logic to PHYSICS, the letter parts are PH (1st), YS (2nd), IC (3rd), and S (4th). Grouping the odd-numbered parts (1st, 3rd, and 4th) gives PHICS, and grouping the even-numbered part (2nd) gives YS. Combining them yields PHICSYS.
72Logical Reasoning
Nisha walks 25 metres towards west, then turns to her right and walks 15 metres and turns to her left and walks 12 metres. Again turning to her left, she walks 15 metres. What is the shortest distance between her starting point and the present position ?
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Answer: (B) 37 metres
Explanation
Let the starting point be O. Nisha first walks 25 metres towards the west to reach point A. From point A, she turns right (north direction) and walks 15 metres to reach point B. From point B, she turns left (west direction) and walks 12 metres to reach point C. Finally, from point C, she turns left again (south direction) and walks 15 metres to reach point D.
Since the vertical movements of 15 metres north and 15 metres south cancel each other out, the final point D lies on the same horizontal line as the starting point O. The shortest distance is the straight-line distance along the horizontal axis, which is the sum of the two westward displacements: 25 + 12 = 37 metres.
73Logical Reasoning
Given the following information. Answer the problems :
A - B : A is father of B.
A + B : A is daughter of B.
A ÷ B : A is son of B.
A × B : A is wife of B.
How is P related to T in the expression P + S - T ?
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Answer: (A) sister
Explanation
In the expression P + S - T, we decode the relationships step-by-step from left to right.
The term P + S represents that P is the daughter of S. This establishes that P is female.
The term S - T represents that S is the father of T.
Since S is the father of both P and T, and P is female, P is the sister of T.
74Logical Reasoning
Given the following information. Answer the problems :
A - B : A is father of B.
A + B : A is daughter of B.
A ÷ B : A is son of B.
A × B : A is wife of B.
In the expression P × Q - T , how is T related to P ?
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Answer: (B) son
Explanation
P × Q means P is wife of Q (P is female, Q is her husband). Q - T means Q is father of T, so T is a child of both P and Q. T's gender is unspecified by the coding; since both 'son' and 'daughter' appear as options, standard exam convention selects 'son' (B) as the default when gender is indeterminate.
75Logical Reasoning
Given the following information. Answer the problems :
A - B : A is father of B.
A + B : A is daughter of B.
A ÷ B : A is son of B.
A × B : A is wife of B.
Which one of the following means T is wife of P ?
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Answer: (C) P - S ÷ T
Explanation
In the expression P - S ÷ T, the relationships are decoded as follows:
P - S indicates that P is the father of S, which means P is male.
S ÷ T indicates that S is the son of T.
Since S is the son of T and P is the father of S, T must be the mother of S and the female partner of P. This directly implies that T is the wife of P.
76Logical Reasoning
Given the following information. Answer the problems :
A - B : A is father of B.
A + B : A is daughter of B.
A ÷ B : A is son of B.
A × B : A is wife of B.
Which of the following means P is maternal grandson of S ?
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Answer: (C) P ÷ Q + S
Explanation
For P to be the maternal grandson of S, P must be a male child (son) of S's daughter.
In the expression P ÷ Q + S:
P ÷ Q means P is the son of Q. This confirms that P is male and Q is P's parent.
Q + S means Q is the daughter of S. This establishes that Q is female and her parent is S.
Since Q is female and P is her son, Q is the mother of P. Because Q is the daughter of S, her son P is the maternal grandson of S.
77Logical Reasoning
Given the following information. Answer the problems :
A - B : A is father of B.
A + B : A is daughter of B.
A ÷ B : A is son of B.
A × B : A is wife of B.
In the expression P + Q × T , how is T related to P ?
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Answer: (B) Father
Explanation
In the expression P + Q × T, the relationships are established step-by-step from the given codes.
First, P + Q means P is the daughter of Q.
Second, Q × T means Q is the wife of T. Since Q is the wife of T, T must be the husband of Q, which makes T a male.
Since P is the daughter of Q and Q is married to T, T is the father of P.
78Logical Reasoning
If P means ×, Q means ÷ , R means + and S means -, then what is the value of expression '154Q14S7P3R25'?
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Answer: (A) 15
Explanation
The operator substitutions given are:
P means × (multiplication)
Q means ÷ (division)
R means + (addition)
S means − (subtraction)
Substituting into the expression '154Q14S7P3R25':
154 ÷ 14 − 7 × 3 + 25
Applying BODMAS (division and multiplication before addition and subtraction):
Step 1: 154 ÷ 14 = 11
Step 2: 7 × 3 = 21
The value of the expression is 15, which corresponds to option A.
79Logical Reasoning
If 1st January, 2004 is Thursday, then 31st December, 2005 will be :
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Answer: (D) Saturday
Explanation
The year 2004 is a leap year, containing 366 days, which consists of 52 weeks and 2 odd days. Therefore, 1st January, 2005 will be 2 days ahead of 1st January, 2004. Adding 2 days to Thursday gives Saturday as the day for 1st January, 2005.
The year 2005 is an ordinary year of 365 days. In any ordinary year, the first day of the year (1st January) and the last day of the year (31st December) always fall on the exact same day of the week because the difference of 364 days between them is exactly divisible by 7. Consequently, 31st December, 2005 is also a Saturday.
80Logical Reasoning
What is the value of B in the series 0, 2, 6, 12, B, 30, 42 ?
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Answer: (B) 20
Explanation
The given series follows a pattern where the difference between consecutive terms increases by 2 each time, representing consecutive even numbers:
2 - 0 = 2
6 - 2 = 4
12 - 6 = 6
Following this pattern of adding consecutive even numbers (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12...), the next difference must be 8:
B = 12 + 8 = 20
We can verify the subsequent terms with this value of B:
30 - 20 = 10
42 - 30 = 12
Alternatively, each term in the series can be represented by the formula n² - n, where n represents the position of the term starting from n = 1:
The relationship in the first pair of words is one of synonymy, where coherent and consistent have highly similar meanings. Applying the same analogical relationship to the second pair, the word irate, which represents a state of intense anger, finds its direct synonym in the word angry.
82Logical Reasoning
Statements : Some pictures are frames. Some frames are idols. All idols are curtains. Conclusion :
(I) Some curtains are pictures. (II) Some curtains are frames. (III) Some idols are frames.
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Answer: (B) Only (II) and (III) follow
Explanation
The statement that some frames are idols means there is a common intersection between the set of frames and the set of idols. Since all idols are curtains, the entire set of idols is contained within the set of curtains. Consequently, the overlapping region between frames and idols is also contained within the set of curtains, which establishes that there is a non-empty intersection between curtains and frames. This confirms that some curtains are frames, making conclusion (II) valid.
Furthermore, the statement that some frames are idols is a symmetrical relation, which directly implies that some idols are frames, making conclusion (III) valid.
83Logical Reasoning
In which of the following letter sequences, two letters in the alphabet are skipped after an odd position and three letters are skipped after an even position ?
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Answer: (A) DGKNRU
Explanation
In the letter sequence DGKNRU, the letters are placed at positions 1 to 6. Let us track the letters and the number of skipped letters after each position:
The 1st position is occupied by D. Since 1 is an odd position, two letters (E and F) are skipped to get the next letter, G.
The 2nd position is occupied by G. Since 2 is an even position, three letters (H, I, and J) are skipped to get the next letter, K.
The 3rd position is occupied by K. Since 3 is an odd position, two letters (L and M) are skipped to get the next letter, N.
The 4th position is occupied by N. Since 4 is an even position, three letters (O, P, and Q) are skipped to get the next letter, R.
The 5th position is occupied by R. Since 5 is an odd position, two letters (S and T) are skipped to get the next letter, U.
This follows the rule of skipping two letters after odd positions and three letters after even positions.
84Logical Reasoning
Consider the statements :
(A) The metallic frame of a cycle rickshaw is made of hollow shafts.
(R) A hollow shaft is stronger than solid shaft of the same mass.
Then :
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Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation for (A)
Explanation
For a given mass, length, and material, a hollow shaft has a larger external radius than a solid shaft, making it stronger against both bending and twisting (torsion).
The strength of a shaft is determined by its moment of inertia. For equal mass, length, and density, the cross-sectional areas of the solid shaft (A_solid = πRₛ²) and the hollow shaft (A_hollow = π(R₀² - Rᵢ²)) must be equal. This gives the relation Rₛ² = R₀² - Rᵢ², meaning R₀ > Rₛ.
The polar moment of inertia (J), which measures torsional strength, is:
J_solid = (π/2)Rₛ⁴
J_hollow = (π/2)(R₀⁴ - Rᵢ⁴) = (π/2)(R₀² - Rᵢ²)(R₀² + Rᵢ²) = (π/2)Rₛ²(R₀² + Rᵢ²)
Since R₀² + Rᵢ² > R₀² - Rᵢ² (which is equal to Rₛ²), it follows that J_hollow > J_solid. This higher moment of inertia gives the hollow shaft greater resistance to deformation. Consequently, the metallic frame of a cycle rickshaw is constructed using hollow tubes to achieve high structural strength and rigidity while keeping the overall weight minimal.
