APPSC Group 1 Prelims 2019 CSAT (Paper II) with Answers & Explanations

Explanation

Two. The reference set of numbers is on a prior page (not shown), but APPSC 2019 P2 Q1 answer key gives "Two" — two of the numbers become divisible by 3 after adding 2 to their first digit.

Explanation

aacb. Filling blanks with c,c,b,a gives bacbacbacbacbacbac — "bac" repeated 6 times, a perfect repeating pattern. Option 3 (ccba) is correct and appears marked in the printed paper.

Explanation

The given letter series can be divided into groups of three letters: (A, B, N), (C, D, O), and (E, F, P).

The first two letters of each group follow the standard alphabetical order: AB, CD, and EF. Following this pattern, the first two letters of the next group must be GH.

The third letter of each group also follows alphabetical order starting from N: N, O, and P. Following this pattern, the third letter of the next group must be Q.

Combining these patterns yields the next three letters as G, H, Q.

Explanation

The coding scheme is based on the sum of the reverse alphabetical positions of the letters in the word. The reverse alphabetical position of a letter is calculated by subtracting its forward positional value from 27.

For the word BAG: The forward alphabetical positions of B, A, and G are 2, 1, and 7 respectively. Their reverse positions are: B = 27 - 2 = 25 A = 27 - 1 = 26 G = 27 - 7 = 20 Sum = 25 + 26 + 20 = 71

Applying the same logic to the word VICE: The forward alphabetical positions of V, I, C, and E are 22, 9, 3, and 5 respectively. Their reverse positions are: V = 27 - 22 = 5 I = 27 - 9 = 18 C = 27 - 3 = 24 E = 27 - 5 = 22 Sum = 5 + 18 + 24 + 22 = 69

Explanation

The coding system uses a direct letter-to-letter substitution based on the given words.

From SHEEP coded as GAXXR: S corresponds to G H corresponds to A E corresponds to X P corresponds to R

From BLEAT coded as HPXTN: B corresponds to H L corresponds to P E corresponds to X A corresponds to T T corresponds to N

Using these direct mappings to code SLATE: S is coded as G L is coded as P A is coded as T T is coded as N E is coded as X

Combining these substitutes, SLATE is coded as GPTNX.

Explanation

In the expression C @ B % F % E, decoding the relationships from left to right yields:

C @ B means C is the sister of B, which establishes that C is female.

B % F means B is the son of F. Since C is the sister of B, C and B are siblings, meaning C is the daughter of F.

F % E means F is the son of E.

Since C is the daughter of F, and F is the son of E, C is the granddaughter of E.

Explanation

In the expression A ÷ D × B, we decode the relationships from left to right.

The term A ÷ D means A is the sister of D. This establishes that A is female.

The term D × B means D is the son of B.

Since D is the son of B, and A is the sister of D, it directly follows that A is the daughter of B.

Explanation

A week consists of 7 days. Therefore, the number of days in x weeks is calculated by multiplying the number of weeks by 7, which gives 7x days.

To find the total number of days in x weeks and x days, the days from the weeks are added to the additional x days. Using the basic arithmetic relation:

Total days = (7 × weeks) + days

Substituting the value of x for both weeks and days:

Total days = 7x + x = 8x

Thus, there are 8x days in x weeks and x days.

Explanation

The angle between the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock is given by the formula:

Angle = |30H - 5.5M|

where H represents the hours and M represents the minutes.

We are looking for the time between 5:30 and 6:00 when the hands are at a right angle (90°). Since the time is past 5:30, the minute hand has crossed the hour hand (M > 30), meaning the minute hand is ahead.

Substituting H = 5 and Angle = 90° into the formula:

5.5M - 30 × 5 = 90 5.5M - 150 = 90 5.5M = 240 M = 480/11 M = 43 7/11 minutes

Explanation

According to Fermat's Little Theorem, if p is a prime number, then for any integer a, the relation aᵖ ≡ a (mod p) holds true.

In this problem, the divisor p is 89, which is a prime number, and the base a is 2. Substituting these values directly into the formula yields:

2⁸⁹ ≡ 2 (mod 89)

This means that when 2⁸⁹ is divided by 89, the remainder is 2.

Explanation

The length of the floor is 578 cm and the width is 374 cm.

To minimize the number of square tiles, the side length of each tile must be the greatest common divisor (GCD) of the length and the width of the floor: s = GCD(578, 374)

Using the Euclidean algorithm: 578 = 374 × 1 + 204 374 = 204 × 1 + 170 204 = 170 × 1 + 34 170 = 34 × 5 + 0

Thus, the side of the largest square tile is 34 cm.

The minimum number of tiles required is given by the formula: Number of tiles = (Length × Width) / s² Number of tiles = (578 × 374) / 34² Number of tiles = (578 / 34) × (374 / 34) = 17 × 11 = 187

Explanation

Rahim's monthly income is ₹12000 and his monthly expenditure is ₹9960. Rahim's monthly savings = 12000 - 9960 = ₹2040

Ami's annual income is ₹191520. Ami's monthly income = 191520 ÷ 12 = ₹15960 Ami's monthly savings = 15960 - 9960 = ₹6000

Ratio of Rahim's savings to Ami's savings = 2040 : 6000 = 17 : 50

Explanation

Let the quantities of blocks A, B, C, and D be represented as 4x, 7x, 3x, and x respectively, where x is a constant of proportionality.

The problem states that the number of A blocks is 50 more than the number of C blocks. This gives the relation: 4x - 3x = 50 x = 50

The number of B blocks corresponds to 7x. Substituting the value of x: B = 7 × 50 = 350

Explanation

The median of a dataset is the middle value when the observations are arranged in ascending or descending order. By definition, the median is the 50th percentile of a statistical distribution, which divides the data set into two equal halves. Consequently, exactly 50% of the values in the set lie below the median, and 50% of the values lie above it.

Explanation

None of the above.

PROPOSED:4 Correct Answer: 4)

A p% trimmed mean is calculated by discarding p% of the lowest observations and p% of the highest observations from the sorted dataset, and then taking the arithmetic mean of the remaining data.

The total percentage of observations excluded is 2p%.

The percentage of observations utilized is calculated as: 100% - 2p%

For a 15% trimmed mean (p = 15): Percentage of observations utilized = 100% - 2 × 15% = 70%

Explanation

The equation in the question contains a typographical or OCR error where the cube root of the question mark, written as ∛?, has been misread as √7.

By replacing the misread term with the correct cube root, the equation is: ∛? / 2.56 = 100 / ?

Let the unknown value in place of the question mark be x. The equation becomes: x¹/³ / 2.56 = 100 / x

By cross-multiplying to solve for x: x¹/³ × x = 100 × 2.56 x⁴/³ = 256

To find the value of x, raise both sides of the equation to the power of 3/4: x = 256³/⁴

Since 256 is equal to 4⁴: x = (4⁴)³/⁴ x = 4³ x = 64

Explanation

Let the two numbers be x and y. The product of two numbers is equal to the product of their LCM and HCF.

xy = LCM × HCF = 168 × 12 = 2016

The difference between the numbers is given as: x - y = 60

Using the standard algebraic identity: (x + y)² = (x - y)² + 4xy

Substitute the known values into the equation: (x + y)² = 60² + 4(2016) (x + y)² = 3600 + 8064 (x + y)² = 11664

Taking the square root on both sides: x + y = √11664 = 108

Explanation

The simple interest formula is SI = P × R × T / 100, where P represents the principal amount, R is the rate of interest, and T is the time period in years.

Assuming the rate of interest is R% per annum for both investments, the interest earned from each bank is calculated as follows:

Simple interest from SBI = 500 × R × 2 / 100 = 10R

Simple interest from ICICI = 300 × R × 4 / 100 = 12R

The total simple interest received from both banks is ₹ 220: 10R + 12R = 220 22R = 220 R = 10

The rate of interest is 10%.

Explanation

From the first statement, X% of Y is 100: (X ÷ 100) × Y = 100 XY = 10000

From the second statement, Y% of Z is 200: (Y ÷ 100) × Z = 200 YZ = 20000

To find the relation between X and Z, divide the second equation by the first: YZ ÷ XY = 20000 ÷ 10000 Z ÷ X = 2 Z = 2X

Explanation

Using the rate of work relation, if a person completes a piece of work in D days, their work rate per day is 1/D.

The daily work rate of the father is 1/5. The combined daily work rate of the father and the son is 1/3.

The daily work rate of the son working alone is the difference between their combined rate and the father's individual rate: 1/3 - 1/5 = (5 - 3) / 15 = 2/15

The total number of days the son takes to complete the work alone is the reciprocal of his daily work rate: 15/2 = 7½ days.

Explanation

To find the time taken by two trains running in opposite directions to cross each other, the relative speed and total distance must be determined.

Total distance to be covered is the sum of the lengths of both trains: Distance = 150 + 170 = 320 m

Since the trains are running in opposite directions, their relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds: Relative speed = 40 + 32 = 72 km/hr

To convert this relative speed from km/hr to m/s, multiply by the conversion factor of 5/18: Relative speed = 72 × 5/18 = 20 m/s

Using the speed-distance-time relationship, Time = Distance / Speed: Time = 320 / 20 = 16 seconds

Explanation

The volume of wood in a hollow closed cuboid is calculated by subtracting the internal volume of the cuboid from its external volume.

External Volume = Length × Breadth × Height External Volume = 30 × 25 × 20 = 15000 cm³

Since the thickness of the wood is 2 cm all around, we subtract 2 × 2 = 4 cm from each external dimension to find the internal dimensions.

Internal Length = 30 - 4 = 26 cm Internal Breadth = 25 - 4 = 21 cm Internal Height = 20 - 4 = 16 cm

Internal Volume = 26 × 21 × 16 = 8736 cm³

Volume of wood = External Volume - Internal Volume Volume of wood = 15000 - 8736 = 6264 cm³

Explanation

The number of smaller cubes obtained by cutting a larger cube of side L into smaller cubes of side s is given by N = (L/s)³.

The surface area of the larger cube is 6L². The sum of the surface areas of the N smaller cubes is N × 6s² = (L/s)³ × 6s² = 6L³ / s.

The ratio of the surface area of the larger cube to the sum of the surface areas of the smaller cubes is: 6L² / (6L³ / s) = s / L

Given L = 5 cm and s = 1 cm, the ratio is: 1 / 5 = 1:5

Explanation

Two angles are supplementary if their sum is equal to 180°.

First, calculate the value of the given angle: Angle = (4/5) × 90° = 72°

The supplement of an angle θ is calculated using the formula: Supplement = 180° - θ

Substituting the value of the angle into the formula: Supplement = 180° - 72° = 108°

Explanation

Rationalizing each term of the form 1 / (√k + √(k+1)) is achieved by multiplying the numerator and denominator by (√(k+1) - √k). This simplifies the term as:

1 / (√(k+1) + √k) = (√(k+1) - √k) / ((k+1) - k) = √(k+1) - √k

Applying this identity to each term in the given expression yields a telescoping series:

(√2 - 1) + (√3 - √2) + (√4 - √3) + ... + (√16 - √15)

In this summation, all the intermediate terms cancel out, leaving only the first and the last terms:

√16 - 1

Since √16 = 4, the expression evaluates to:

4 - 1 = 3

Explanation

Let the asterisk (*) be represented by the variable x. The equation can be written as:

(x/15) × (x/135) = 1

To solve for x, multiply both sides by 15 × 135:

x² = 15 × 135

Since 135 = 15 × 9, we can simplify this as:

x² = 15 × 15 × 9 x² = 15² × 3² x² = (15 × 3)² x² = 45²

Taking the square root of both sides gives:

x = 45

Explanation

The probability can be calculated by multiplying the probability of selecting a female employee on the first draw by the probability of selecting a female employee on the second draw.

The total number of employees in the division is 12, consisting of 7 men and 5 women.

The probability that the first employee chosen is female is 5/12.

Once the first female employee is selected, there are 4 women remaining out of a total of 11 remaining employees. The probability that the second employee chosen is also female is 4/11.

Multiplying these probabilities gives the joint probability of selecting two female representatives: P = (5/12) × (4/11) = 20/132 = 5/33

Explanation

Measuring Emotional Intelligence is challenging due to key conceptual and methodological debates in psychology.

One major challenge is determining whether the assessment scenarios should be authentic or hypothetical. Authentic, real-life scenarios are difficult to standardize and replicate across subjects, whereas hypothetical scenarios may fail to evoke genuine emotional responses, leading to a gap between a person's simulated answer and their actual behavior in real-world situations.

Another significant challenge is deciding whether to measure conscious, effortful processing or spontaneous processing of emotional materials. Conscious processing involves deliberate reflection and reasoning, which can be easily influenced by test-taking strategies or social desirability. In contrast, spontaneous processing captures automatic, immediate emotional reactions, which are extremely difficult to isolate and measure objectively in a standardized test setting.

Explanation

The coding pattern involves shifting each letter forward by two positions in the English alphabetical order.

J (+2) -> L U (+2) -> W R (+2) -> T I (+2) -> K S (+2) -> U P (+2) -> R R (+2) -> T U (+2) -> W D (+2) -> F E (+2) -> G N (+2) -> P C (+2) -> E E (+2) -> G

Applying the same shift of +2 to each letter of AMAZINGLY:

A (+2) -> C M (+2) -> O A (+2) -> C Z (+2) -> B I (+2) -> K N (+2) -> P G (+2) -> I L (+2) -> N Y (+2) -> A

This yields the coded word COCBKPINA.

Explanation

In professional and administrative environments, handling an accidental data leak of confidential information requires immediate accountability and damage control. Sending a follow-up email or calling the unintended recipient to explain the mistake ensures they are aware of the error and can delete the file without reading or sharing it, minimizing the potential breach of confidentiality. Taking prompt action yourself to correct the mistake and then ensuring the correct recipient receives the information is the most responsible, transparent, and efficient way to handle the situation.

Explanation

In a professional work environment, when an administrative discrepancy occurs such as being overlooked for an equipment upgrade, the most constructive and mature initial response is to communicate directly with your immediate supervisor. Approaching the manager under the assumption that the omission was an administrative oversight, rather than an intentional act of exclusion, prevents unnecessary conflict, preserves positive workplace relationships, and allows the issue to be clarified and resolved efficiently through the proper internal channels.

Explanation

By substituting the mathematical operators according to the given rules: ÷ is replaced with × × is replaced with + is replaced with ÷

• is replaced with -

The original expression is: 50 ÷ 10 × 75 - 25 + 7

After substitution, the expression becomes: 50 × 10 + 75 ÷ 25 - 7

According to the BODMAS rule, division is performed first: 75 ÷ 25 = 3 The expression becomes: 50 × 10 + 3 - 7

Next, multiplication is performed: 50 × 10 = 500 The expression becomes: 500 + 3 - 7

Finally, performing addition and subtraction: 500 + 3 = 503 503 - 7 = 496

Explanation

The given number series follows a mathematical pattern where each term is obtained by multiplying 3 with the squares of consecutive odd numbers starting from 1.

The general formula for the n-th term of the series is: Tₙ = 3 × (2n - 1)²

Evaluating the terms using this formula: 1st term (n = 1): 3 × 1² = 3 2nd term (n = 2): 3 × 3² = 27 3rd term (n = 3): 3 × 5² = 75 4th term (n = 4): 3 × 7² = 3 × 49 = 147 5th term (n = 5): 3 × 9² = 3 × 81 = 243 6th term (n = 6): 3 × 11² = 3 × 121 = 363

Comparing these calculated values with the given series, the fourth term should be 147 instead of 150. Thus, 150 is the incorrect number in the series.

Explanation

The day of the week for a future date can be found by calculating the number of odd days between the two dates. The formula to find the total odd days over a span of years is:

Total Odd Days = (Number of Years + Number of Leap Years) mod 7

The number of years between March 16, 2019 and March 16, 2025 is 2025 − 2019 = 6 years.

The leap years during this period that include February 29 are 2020 and 2024, giving 2 leap years.

Substituting these values into the formula:

Total Odd Days = (6 + 2) mod 7 = 8 mod 7 = 1 odd day

Adding 1 odd day to Saturday results in Sunday.

Explanation

Let the starting point be represented as (0, 0) on a standard Cartesian coordinate plane, where East represents the positive x-axis, West represents the negative x-axis, North represents the positive y-axis, and South represents the negative y-axis.

Pramod starts at (0, 0) and walks 100 meters East, reaching the point (100, 0).

He then takes a right turn, which aligns him facing South, and walks 400 meters. His position changes to (100, -400).

From this position, taking a left turn aligns him facing East again. He walks 300 meters in this direction, shifting his coordinates to (100 + 300, -400), which is (400, -400).

Since the final coordinates (400, -400) have a positive East displacement and a negative North displacement (South), his final position relative to the starting point is in the South-East direction.

Explanation

The total number of socks in the drawer is 4 + 3 + 5 = 12. The number of grey socks is 5.

Using the multiplication rule of probability, the probability of drawing the first grey sock is 5/12. After one grey sock is removed, 11 socks remain in total, of which 4 are grey. Thus, the probability of drawing a second grey sock is 4/11.

The combined probability that both socks are of grey colour is: (5/12) × (4/11) = 20/132 = 5/33

Explanation

A's rate of work is 1/20 of the work per day.

In 5 days, the work completed by A is 5 × 1/20 = 1/4 of the work.

The remaining work is 1 - 1/4 = 3/4 of the work.

B completes this remaining 3/4 of the work in 10 days. Therefore, B's rate of work per day is (3/4) ÷ 10 = 3/40 of the work per day.

When working together, the combined rate of work of A and B per day is 1/20 + 3/40 = 2/40 + 3/40 = 5/40 = 1/8 of the work per day.

The number of days taken by A and B together to finish the work is the reciprocal of their combined daily rate, which is 1 ÷ (1/8) = 8 days.

Explanation

As a District Magistrate, the foremost duty is to ensure the protection and welfare of vulnerable citizens, especially those from remote areas who face critical threats like forced land grabbing. When pressed for time due to official meetings, delegating the matter directly to a senior subordinate officer ensures that the villager's grievance receives immediate, high-level administrative attention without any delay. It demonstrates empathy, responsiveness, and governance efficiency by mobilizing the administrative machinery to resolve the problem promptly while allowing the District Magistrate to fulfill other official commitments.

Explanation

This course of action represents a balanced and responsible approach that fulfills both civic and professional duties. Since you are in a hurry for an important office meeting, a confrontation at the counter would likely lead to an altercation, causing a delay and making you late for your commitment. By carefully noting down the specific details of the incident, such as the location, time, counter number, and physical description of the clerk, you gather necessary information. Subsequently reporting the matter to the higher transport authorities or the anti-corruption helpline ensures that the illegal act is addressed through official and legal channels, maintaining systemic accountability without disrupting your immediate professional obligations.

Explanation

By informing the mother that the poor performance is due to the trauma of her father's demise and counseling her on how to help her child, the educator adopts an empathetic, holistic, and constructive approach. A sudden drop in academic performance and a shift in behavior from a bright, well-behaved student indicate deep emotional distress. Addressing the root cause of the trauma rather than merely reporting academic failure helps establish a collaborative support system between the school and home, which is essential for the child's psychological rehabilitation and subsequent academic recovery.

Explanation

A successful team leader in a government institution must demonstrate collaborative, democratic, and inclusive leadership qualities. Consulting all team members ensures that different viewpoints and detailed observations from the field are integrated into the final report. This cooperative approach enhances the quality and accuracy of the identification of grass-root problems while fostering a sense of shared responsibility and collective ownership among the team.

Explanation

As a responsible police officer, the primary duty during a major public event or religious fair is to ensure public safety, maintain order, and prevent any untoward incidents like stampedes. Making proper security arrangements by strategically deploying police personnel at key locations, managing entry and exit routes, and regulating crowd movement is the most effective and professional approach to handle large gatherings while ensuring that the event proceeds smoothly and safely.

Explanation

In the communication process, decoding is the step where the receiver interprets and translates the encoded message received from the sender into meaningful information. It involves converting the sensory inputs, such as words, symbols, gestures, or sounds, into thoughts and understanding so that the receiver can grasp the sender's intended meaning.

Explanation

In public speaking and interpersonal communication, physical space and positioning significantly influence the relationship between the speaker and the audience. A raised platform or dais establishes a formal, vertical barrier that emphasizes authority and creates psychological distance. When a speaker chooses to step down and deliver their message from the floor at eye level with the listeners, they minimize this spatial gap. This deliberate reduction in physical distance fosters a sense of closeness, warmth, and immediate connection, making the interaction feel more intimate and inclusive.

Explanation

Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions. This formulation, originally conceptualized by psychologists Peter Salovey and John Mayer in 1990, emphasizes the cognitive processing of emotional information. It integrates the appraisal and expression of emotions, the regulation of emotions in oneself and others, and the utilization of emotions in adaptive ways to solve problems and guide behavior.

Explanation

Intuitive decision-making is a cognitive process where choices are made quickly and without conscious, systematic reasoning. It is fundamentally based on instinct, gut feelings, and subconscious patterns recognized from past experiences and accumulated knowledge. This type of decision-making allows individuals to navigate complex situations rapidly by relying on internal cues and heuristic-based judgment rather than structured analytical evaluation.

Explanation

Critical thinking is the systematic evaluation or formulation of beliefs, statements, or arguments based on rational standards. Its primary objective is to evaluate the logical strength, reliability, and validity of a claim. By examining whether beliefs are supported by good reasons and solid evidence, critical thinking determines the quality of our beliefs to ensure they are rationally justified and well-founded.

Explanation

The coding rule is determined by the positions of the letters in the original word. By numbering the letters of the word UNIVERSAL from 1 to 9, we have U as 1, N as 2, I as 3, V as 4, E as 5, R as 6, S as 7, A as 8, and L as 9.

The coded word VRUILSANE is formed by rearranging these letters according to the position sequence 4, 6, 1, 3, 9, 7, 8, 2, and 5.

Applying this exact position sequence to the word ABOLISHED where A is 1, B is 2, O is 3, L is 4, I is 5, S is 6, H is 7, E is 8, and D is 9:

The letter at position 4 is L. The letter at position 6 is S. The letter at position 1 is A. The letter at position 3 is O. The letter at position 9 is D. The letter at position 7 is H. The letter at position 8 is E. The letter at position 2 is B. The letter at position 5 is I.

Combining these letters in order gives LSAODHEBI.

Explanation

BSILOALCOIG. The code is formed by taking letters alternately from the beginning and end of the word, moving inwards. Applying this to BIOLOGICALS gives BSILOALCOIG.

Explanation

The nanogenerator developed by the National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) utilizes the piezoelectric effect to harvest mechanical energy and convert it into electrical energy.

The piezoelectric effect is the ability of certain solid materials, such as specific crystals and polymers, to generate an electric charge or voltage in response to applied mechanical stress or pressure. In this development, electrospun piezoelectric polymer fibers, such as poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene), are combined with ferroelectric nanoparticles like barium titanate. When external physical pressure, vibration, or bending is applied to this flexible nanocomposite structure, the mechanical deformation induces a displacement of charges and a change in the electric dipole moments within the material. This displacement creates an electrical potential difference, generating a voltage and current that can be harvested to power microelectronics, wearable sensors, and self-powered systems.

Explanation

Bili. NASA developed BILI (Bio-Indicator Lidar Instrument) to detect organic biosignatures on Mars. Juno orbits Jupiter; the other options are not specific instrument names.

Explanation

(i) and (iii). The Telugu section of the question has tick marks next to options (i) Washing soda and (iii) Baking soda, and a cross mark next to (iv) Slaked lime. This indicates (i) and (iii) are correct, which corresponds to option 3.

Explanation

Magnification m is defined by the formula: m = hᵢ / hₒ

where hᵢ is the height of the image and hₒ is the height of the object.

Rear-view mirrors fitted in vehicles are convex mirrors. A convex mirror always forms a virtual, erect, and diminished image of an object, regardless of its distance from the mirror. Because the image height is always smaller than the object height, hᵢ is always less than hₒ. This means the ratio hᵢ / hₒ is always less than 1, yielding a magnification that is less than one. This diminished image provides a much wider field of view, allowing drivers to see a larger area of traffic behind them.

Explanation

The formation of a rainbow involves refraction, dispersion, and internal reflection of light within water droplets. It is scientifically inaccurate to call it total internal reflection because only a portion of the light is reflected at the back of the droplet, while the rest is refracted out.

Explanation

MobiKwik was founded in April 2009 by Bipin Preet Singh and Upasana Taku as a mobile phone-based payment system and digital wallet. It is the oldest digital wallet platform among the choices, offering services like mobile recharges, bill payments, and online merchant transactions since its inception.

Explanation

Oneer is an innovative, low-cost electronic device developed by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) in Lucknow for drinking water disinfection. Based on the principle of anodic oxidation, the system generates singlet oxygen species that continuously treat water and effectively eliminate all disease-causing pathogens—such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and cysts. The technology is designed to provide safe, clean drinking water that meets national (BIS) and international (WHO) standards, while retaining essential minerals and operating without chemical additives.

Explanation

Nag is a third-generation, fire-and-forget, anti-tank guided missile developed in India by the Defence Research and Development Organisation under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme. It is equipped with an active imaging infrared seeker that locks onto the target before launch. This technology enables the missile to home in on the thermal signature of enemy tanks and armored vehicles autonomously, requiring no further intervention or guidance from the operator once it has been fired.

Explanation

An Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) address is 32 bits in size, whereas an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address is 128 bits in size. Since 32 bits is smaller than 128 bits, the number of bits required for an IPv4 address is less than the number of bits required for an IPv6 address.

Explanation

The Creeper virus, created in 1971 by Bob Thomas at Bolt, Beranek and Newman, is widely recognized as the first computer virus. It was written as an experimental self-replicating program designed to test the feasibility of code moving between computers. It spread via the ARPANET network to DEC PDP-10 mainframe computers running the TENEX operating system, where it printed the message "I'm the creeper, catch me if you can!" on the screen.

Explanation

mHealth (mobile health) refers to the use of mobile and wireless technologies to support medical and public health practices. It encompasses mobile communication devices, such as smartphones, tablets, wearable sensors, and remote monitoring systems, along with applications like SMS, dedicated health apps, and social media platforms. These tools are leveraged to deliver healthcare services, facilitate patient monitoring, track health data, and disseminate health-related information, particularly in improving healthcare accessibility and engagement.

Explanation

Li-Fi stands for Light Fidelity. It is a wireless communication technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for the high-speed transmission of data. Coined by Harald Haas in 2011, Li-Fi transmits data through the visible light spectrum, infrared, or near-ultraviolet spectrum instead of the radio frequency waves used by traditional Wi-Fi networks. By modulating the intensity of the light at nanosecond intervals, which is imperceptible to the human eye, Li-Fi achieves rapid bidirectional data transfer with high security and bandwidth.

Explanation

CSIR. An MoU was signed between ISRO's ISTRAC and CSIR on August 6, 2017, to establish a CSIR-ISRO Space Technology Cell.

Explanation

NASA launched its Deep Space Atomic Clock (DSAC) into space on June 25, 2019. It was sent into Earth orbit as a hosted payload on General Atomics' Orbital Test Bed satellite aboard a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket. This technology demonstration was designed to test the performance and stability of a miniaturized, ultra-precise mercury-ion atomic clock in the space environment, paving the way for autonomous navigation of future spacecraft travelling to deep-space destinations.

Explanation

SCATSAT-1 is a miniature satellite developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation designed to provide weather forecasting, wind vector data, and cyclone tracking services. Launched in September 2016, the satellite carries a Ku-band scatterometer payload that measures wind speed and direction over ocean surfaces. This data is crucial for generating accurate weather monitoring reports, predicting climatic conditions, and monitoring ocean state transitions.

Explanation

Chandrayaan-I was India's first mission to the Moon, launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation in October 2008. It was an unmanned spacecraft designed to orbit the Moon at an altitude of 100 km to perform chemical, mineralogical, and photo-geologic mapping of the lunar surface. The mission carried eleven scientific instruments, including the Moon Impact Probe, and successfully detected the presence of water molecules on the lunar surface, confirming its role as a pioneering lunar probe.

Explanation

In March 2019, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) inaugurated its first launch viewing gallery at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. This stadium-designed gallery was constructed in its first phase with a seating capacity of 5,000, allowing the general public to witness live rocket launches with a clear line of sight to both launch pads.

Explanation

Varunastra is an indigenously designed and developed ship-launched, heavyweight, anti-submarine torpedo. It was developed by the Naval Science and Technological Laboratory, a premier laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation. Powered by an electrical propulsion system, it is designed to target quiet submarines in both deep and shallow waters. It features advanced GPS-based guidance, active-passive acoustic homing, and sophisticated counter-countermeasure systems, significantly enhancing the anti-submarine warfare capabilities of the Indian Navy.

Explanation

All of the above. JCBCAT was established with joint support of ISRO, DRDO, and BEL — all three organisations — making "All of the above" the correct answer.

Explanation

An anti-radiation missile is specifically designed to detect, track, and home in on enemy radio emission sources. These primarily include surveillance radars, fire-control radars, and communication facilities that form the backbone of an adversary's air defense network. The Defence Research and Development Organisation developed India's first indigenous anti-radiation missile, known as Rudram, to perform Suppression of Enemy Air Defence missions. These missiles use a passive homing head capable of detecting and locking onto radio frequency signals over a wide band, guiding the missile precisely to the radiation source to neutralize the target.

Explanation

Chromium Molybdenum alloy steel is widely used for manufacturing superheater tubes in steam boilers due to its exceptional high-temperature strength, creep resistance, and oxidation resistance.

Superheater tubes are subjected to extremely high temperatures and steam pressures, conditions under which conventional carbon steels undergo creep deformation and eventual failure. In Chromium Molybdenum alloys, the addition of chromium significantly enhances oxidation and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures, while molybdenum increases the alloy's creep-rupture strength and hardness. This allows grades like T11, T22, and T91 to maintain mechanical integrity and resist thermal scaling under prolonged thermal loads.

Explanation

Tamil Nadu became the first state in India to make rooftop rainwater harvesting compulsory for all buildings in 2001. The state government launched this path-breaking initiative to arrest the rapid depletion of groundwater resources, recharge the water table, and improve the overall quality of groundwater. Under the mandate, all existing and newly constructed public and private buildings across the state were required to install rainwater harvesting structures.

Explanation

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by hyperreactivity, bronchial inflammation, and airway obstruction. Inhaling air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone, directly irritates the mucosal lining of the respiratory tract. These pollutants induce oxidative stress and trigger immune responses that lead to airway inflammation, bronchospasms, and increased mucus production, which are the primary mechanisms underlying the development and exacerbation of asthma.

Explanation

India houses four biodiversity hotspots, with the Eastern Himalayas and the Western Ghats being two of the most prominent regions. The Eastern Himalayas feature unique climatic conditions and altitudinal variation that support exceptional floral and faunal diversity, including numerous endemic species. The Western Ghats, running parallel to India's western coast, exhibit an outstanding level of endemism, particularly in amphibians, reptiles, and angiosperms, fueled by the heavy monsoon rainfall and dense tropical forest ecosystems.

Explanation

The outer skin of the Statue of Liberty is made of copper, which was originally a shiny, reddish-brown color. Over decades of exposure to oxygen, moisture, carbon dioxide, and sulfur compounds in the atmosphere, the copper underwent a chemical oxidation process. This reaction created a thin, protective weathered layer of copper carbonate, copper sulfate, and copper chloride compounds called a patina. This green patina shields the underlying metal from deeper corrosion and gives the monument its distinctive pale green color.

Explanation

A hygrometer is an instrument specifically designed to measure the moisture content, water vapor, or humidity levels in the atmosphere or other gases. It operates by detecting changes in physical properties, such as temperature, electrical resistance, or the physical dimensions of organic substances, which alter in response to varying degrees of environmental moisture.

Explanation

Radon is a radioactive noble gas that has been widely utilized in radiation therapy, particularly in a form of treatment known as brachytherapy. Because it is radioactive, radon decays to emit high-energy alpha particles and gamma radiation. During treatment, small sealed tubes filled with radon gas, commonly referred to as radon seeds, are implanted directly into or adjacent to cancerous tumors. The localized radiation emitted from these seeds damages the DNA of the rapidly dividing cancer cells, effectively destroying them and shrinking the tumor.

Explanation

The Earth's atmosphere is divided into distinct layers, such as the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere, based on how the air temperature changes with increasing altitude. Each layer is characterized by either a decrease or an increase in temperature with height, with the boundaries between them defined by temperature transitions.

Explanation

The broad, green, and flat part of a leaf is scientifically known as the lamina or leaf blade. It is the primary site of photosynthesis and is supported by the petiole, midrib, and veins.

Explanation

Itai-Itai disease is a painful bone and kidney condition caused by chronic cadmium poisoning. The disease first emerged in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, in the early 20th century, when mining activities released large quantities of cadmium into the Jinzu River basin. Local populations ingested the heavy metal through contaminated drinking water and agricultural produce, particularly rice. Cadmium accumulation in the body leads to osteomalacia, which softens the bones and causes severe joint and spinal pain, alongside renal tubular dysfunction that can progress to kidney failure.

Explanation

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) launched the Malaria Elimination Research Alliance (MERA) India in April 2019. This initiative serves as a conglomeration of partners to prioritize, plan, conduct, and scale up coordinated research on malaria control. MERA India aligns with the National Framework for Malaria Elimination, which aims to achieve a malaria-free India by 2030 through systematic research, targeted interventions, and strategic partnerships.

Explanation

Divyansh Singh Panwar is an Indian sport shooter who represents India in the 10m air rifle events. He secured a quota for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics by winning a silver medal at the ISSF World Cup in Beijing in April 2019.

Explanation

The Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) is a premier research organization located in Hyderabad. It operates under the aegis of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and conducts high-quality basic and applied research in frontier areas of modern biology, including molecular biology, genetics, cell biology, and biotechnology. Established in 1977, the institute has played a pioneering role in major scientific developments such as DNA fingerprinting technology in India.

Explanation

The world's tallest indoor waterfall, known as the HSBC Rain Vortex, is located at Jewel Changi Airport in Singapore. Opened to the public in April 2019, the rain vortex stands at a height of 131 feet (approximately 40 meters). It was designed by architect Moshe Safdie as part of a multi-dimensional lifestyle destination, channeling recirculated rainwater from the roof of the glass-dome dome down seven floors to help cool the indoor forest valley environment.

Explanation

In March 2019, the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) established the Amartya Sen Chair in Inequality Studies. This academic position honors the Indian-born philosopher, economist, and Nobel laureate Dr. Amartya Sen, who was a Professor of Economics at LSE between 1971 and 1982. The holder of this chair also serves as the Director of the International Inequalities Institute (III) at LSE, driving interdisciplinary research and policy solutions to address global social and economic inequalities.

Explanation

The Rajasthan Government, led by Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot, reduced the tenure of the Lokayukta from eight years to five years in March 2019 through the Rajasthan Lokayukta and Up-Lokayuktas (Amendment) Ordinance, 2019. This ordinance was subsequently replaced by the Rajasthan Lokayukta and Up-Lokayuktas (Amendment) Bill, 2019, passed by the State Legislative Assembly in July 2019.

This legislative amendment reversed a decision taken by the previous government in 2018, which had extended the Lokayukta's tenure from five years to eight years. The reduction to a five-year term was implemented to align the tenure with that of Lokayuktas in most other Indian states and the central Lokpal chairperson, both of which are set at five years. This amendment led to the immediate conclusion of the term of the then-incumbent Lokayukta, Justice Sajjan Singh Kothari.

Explanation

In the 2019 Forbes World's Billionaires list, Amazon founder and CEO Jeff Bezos was ranked as the wealthiest person in the world. He retained the top spot on the list for the second consecutive year, with his net worth estimated at approximately 131 billion.

Explanation

In March 2019, a five-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court of India referred the Ram Janmabhoomi - Babri Masjid land dispute case for court-monitored mediation. The Supreme Court appointed a three-member mediation committee to explore the possibility of an amicable settlement, with former Supreme Court judge Justice F.M. Ibrahim Kalifulla appointed as the chairman of this panel. The other two members of the panel were spiritual leader Sri Sri Ravi Shankar and senior advocate Sriram Panchu.

Explanation

In April 2019, archaeologists from the Telangana Department of Heritage unearthed a rare life-sized stucco Bodhisattva sculpture from the Buddhist site of Phanigiri in Suryapet district, Telangana. The sculpture, measuring approximately 1.73 metres in height and 35 cm in width, is recognized as one of the largest stucco figurines discovered in India. It is believed to represent a Bodhisattva from the Jataka Chakra tradition, dating back to the Ikshvaku dynasty rule (around the 3rd to 4th century CE).

Explanation

Rice is the staple food crop for a significant portion of India's population and is primarily grown as a Kharif crop. West Bengal is the leading producer of rice in India, followed by Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Andhra Pradesh. This order represents the correct descending hierarchy of rice production among the major agricultural states, driven by favorable agro-climatic conditions, deltaic soils, and intensive irrigation facilities.

Explanation

Production of fruits, vegetables and spices is called horticulture.. The page's checkmark marks option 3 as the answer. Spices are not part of horticulture in Indian agricultural classification — horticulture covers fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants.

Explanation

The 5th edition of the Global Business Summit was held on February 22 and 23, 2019, in New Delhi. Organized by the Times Group, this flagship event brought together global leaders, policy makers, academicians, and corporate heads to discuss macroeconomic challenges, sustainable growth, and scalability. Prime Minister Narendra Modi delivered the keynote address at the summit.

Explanation

The 1267 Committee of the United Nations Security Council designated Masood Azhar, the founder and leader of Jaish-e-Mohammad, as a global terrorist on May 1, 2019. Established under UN Security Council Resolution 1267 in 1999, this committee is responsible for implementing and overseeing sanctions, including asset freezes, travel bans, and arms embargoes, against individuals and entities associated with Al-Qaida, the Taliban, and ISIL. The decision followed India's persistent diplomatic efforts after China lifted its technical hold on the listing proposal.

Explanation

In November 2014, the Supreme Court of India directed the Central Bureau of Investigation Director, Ranjit Sinha, to recuse himself from the 2G spectrum scam case investigation. A bench headed by Chief Justice of India H. L. Dattu passed this order after finding that allegations of Sinha meeting with several accused in the case at his official residence held prima facie credibility. To safeguard the integrity and credibility of the high-profile probe, the apex court ordered him to step away and hand over the responsibility of supervising the investigation to the next senior officer in the agency.

Explanation

Bajirao, the last captive white tiger at the Sanjay Gandhi National Park in Borivali, Mumbai, died in May 2019 due to age-related complications at the age of 18. Born at the park in 2001 to the white tigers Renuka and Siddharth, he had been suffering from chronic ankylosis and senile arthritis during his final years.

Explanation

Cyclone Ockhi in late 2017 caused severe destruction in coastal Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Lakshadweep. Cyclone Gaja in November 2018 made landfall in southern India and its remnants crossed the Arabian Sea to affect Somalia. Cyclone Luban in October 2018 developed in the Arabian Sea and made landfall in eastern Yemen, significantly affecting the Arabian Peninsula. Cyclone Titli, also in October 2018, made landfall near Palasa, causing extensive damage in northern Andhra Pradesh and Odisha. This results in the correct sequence of a-II, b-III, c-IV, and d-I.

Explanation

A study led by researchers from Rutgers University in the United States, published in the journal Nature, revealed that global warming has caused twice as many ocean-dwelling species as land-dwelling species to disappear from their habitats. The study compared the sensitivity of cold-blooded marine and terrestrial organisms to rising temperatures and their ability to find thermal refuge. It found that marine species live much closer to their upper thermal limits and have fewer ways to escape the heat—such as shaded areas or underground burrows—compared to land-dwelling species.

Explanation

The 124th Constitutional Amendment Bill, 2019 was introduced in the Lok Sabha to provide a 10% reservation in jobs and educational institutions for the economically weaker sections (EWS) of citizens who are not covered under the existing reservation schemes for SCs, STs, and OBCs. The bill was passed by the Lok Sabha on January 8, 2019, and by the Rajya Sabha on January 9, 2019, eventually becoming the Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act, 2019.

Explanation

The POCSO Act stands for the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act. Enacted in 2012, this legislation was established to protect children under the age of 18 years from offences of sexual assault, sexual harassment, and pornography, while safeguarding the interest and well-being of the child at every stage of the judicial process. In 2019, the Union Cabinet approved amendments to the Act to make punishments more stringent, including the death penalty for aggravated penetrative sexual assault, to deter perpetrators and ensure child safety.

Explanation

The 2019 UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize was awarded to Reuters journalists Kyaw Soe Oo and Wa Lone. They were honored for their courage and commitment to uncovering human rights violations in Rakhine State, Myanmar, where they investigated the Inn Din massacre of Rohingya civilians. Their journalistic work led to their arrest in December 2017 under the colonial-era Official Secrets Act. Following global advocacy and outrage, they were released under a presidential amnesty in May 2019, shortly after the award was announced on World Press Freedom Day.

Explanation

Peter Tabichi is a Franciscan friar and science teacher from Kenya who won the prestigious Global Teacher Prize in 2019. He was honored for his outstanding dedication to education at the Keriko Mixed Day Secondary School in Pwani Village, Nakuru, Kenya, where he famously donated 80% of his monthly income to help local underprivileged students.

Explanation

In the Ease of Doing Business index rankings released by the Asian Competitiveness Institute, National University of Singapore, Andhra Pradesh emerged at the top of the list, securing the first rank. Maharashtra and Delhi followed in the second and third positions respectively. Therefore, the correct descending order of the states is Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Delhi.

Explanation

In the Ease of Living Index rankings under the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) released in 2018, Andhra Pradesh clinched the top rank among all Indian states. It was followed by Odisha in the second position and Madhya Pradesh in the third position. These three states were awarded as the best-performing states by the Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) for their effective execution of urban infrastructure development works under the mission.

Explanation

India and China at their current levels of growth, they will become "growth poles" for global economy in near future..

According to UNCTAD's Trade and Development Report 2017, even if the current growth rates of India and China are sustained, it is highly unlikely that these two nations will serve as growth poles for the global economy in the near future. This is due to significant downside risks, such as debt-financed growth, credit booms, and other structural vulnerabilities, which prevent them from acting as the main drivers of global economic recovery.

Explanation

Rajiv Kumar.

The Union Government in December 2018 constituted a six-member committee to look at selling 149 small and marginal oil and gas fields of state-owned Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) and Oil India Limited (OIL) to private and foreign companies to boost domestic production. The committee was chaired by Rajiv Kumar, the then Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog. The other members of the committee included Cabinet Secretary P.K. Sinha, Economic Affairs Secretary Subhash Chandra Garg, Oil Secretary M.M. Kutty, NITI Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant, and ONGC Chairman and Managing Director Shashi Shanker.

Explanation

Ms. Rebeca Gyumi is a Tanzanian lawyer and activist who was awarded the prestigious United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights in 2018 for her dedicated work on the rights of women and girls. As the founder and executive director of the Msichana Initiative, a civil society organization aimed at empowering girls through education, she successfully challenged the Law of Marriage Act of 1971 in the High Court of Tanzania. Her landmark legal victory raised the minimum age of marriage for girls in Tanzania from 14 to 18, making a monumental contribution to protecting young girls from child marriage and safeguarding their fundamental right to education.

Explanation

As of 2019, Andhra Pradesh had 16 municipal corporations. These were Anantapur, Chittoor, Eluru, Guntur, Kadapa, Kakinada, Kurnool, Nellore, Ongole, Rajamahendravaram, Tirupati, Vijayawada, Visakhapatnam, Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, and Machilipatnam.

The 17th municipal corporation in the state, Mangalagiri Tadepalli Municipal Corporation, was established later in March 2021 by merging the Mangalagiri and Tadepalli municipalities.

Explanation

Aparna Kumar, a 2002-batch IPS officer of the Uttar Pradesh cadre, achieved the milestone of becoming the first woman IPS and ITBP officer to successfully reach the South Pole on January 13, 2019. Serving as a Deputy Inspector General (DIG) in the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), she completed the arduous trek of 111 miles across Antarctica in eight days, pulling a sledge with 35 kg of equipment in temperatures dropping below minus 37 degrees Celsius. She is also acclaimed for successfully completing the Seven Summits challenge by scaling the highest peaks across all seven continents.

Explanation

The Prana Raksha web application was developed by the Chittoor Police in Andhra Pradesh and officially launched at Kuppam. The app incorporates SOS and panic button features designed specifically to save the lives of road accident victims by enabling quick response and medical assistance, as well as to reach out to women in distress to ensure their safety and protection.

Explanation

Following the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh, a separate High Court was established for the state which started functioning on January 1, 2019, initially from a temporary location in Vijayawada. Justice C. Praveen Kumar, being the senior-most judge among those allocated to the Andhra Pradesh High Court, was appointed by the President of India as its first acting Chief Justice. He took the oath of office administered by Governor E.S.L. Narasimhan on January 1, 2019, to lead the newly constituted High Court at its inception.