SSC CGL Tier 1 2022 General Awareness Questions with Solutions

Explanation

The Thermosphere contains the ionosphere, which is a region characterized by a high density of ions and free electrons. This layer is formed when high-energy solar radiation, specifically ultraviolet and X-rays, strips electrons from atmospheric gas molecules. These charged particles reflect high-frequency radio waves back towards the Earth's surface instead of allowing them to escape into space. This phenomenon, known as skywave propagation, enables long-distance radio transmission and global communication by allowing signals to travel far beyond the horizon.

Explanation

Pushkar Singh Dhami was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Uttarakhand on July 4, 2021, succeeding Tirath Singh Rawat. At the age of 45, he became the youngest individual to hold the post in the state's history. A member of the Bharatiya Janata Party, he represented the Khatima assembly constituency in the Udham Singh Nagar district. His appointment followed a decision by the BJP legislative party, making him the third Chief Minister of the state within a single year during the tenure of the 5th Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly.

Explanation

Article 50 of the Constitution of India, situated within the Directive Principles of State Policy in Part IV, explicitly directs the State to take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State. This provision is fundamental to ensuring the independence of the judiciary, which is recognized as a basic feature of the Indian Constitution. By mandating this separation, the article seeks to prevent executive interference in judicial proceedings and ensures that the rule of law is maintained through an impartial and autonomous legal system. This separation is vital for protecting the rights of citizens and ensuring that the administration of justice is not compromised by the interests of the executive branch.

Explanation

Adolescence is a period of rapid physical, physiological, and psychological changes characterized by an intense growth spurt. During this phase, the body requires significantly higher amounts of energy, proteins, vitamins, and minerals like calcium and iron to support the development of bone mass, muscle tissue, and hormonal changes. These requirements often exceed those of a typical adult, whose body has completed its growth phase and primarily needs nutrients for maintenance. Furthermore, the World Health Organization and various national health frameworks define the adolescent population as individuals within the age bracket of 10 to 19 years, marking the transition from childhood to adulthood.

Explanation

The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in any principal energy level or shell is determined by the formula 2n², where n is the principal quantum number or the orbit number. The shells are designated as K, L, M, N, and so on, starting from the one closest to the nucleus. For the M shell, the principal quantum number n is 3. By substituting this value into the formula, we get 2 × (3)² = 2 × 9 = 18. This electron distribution rule, known as the Bohr-Bury scheme, dictates the capacity of each shell based on its position relative to the nucleus.

Explanation

Dr. Kanak Rele was a legendary Mohiniyattam exponent and a renowned scholar who played a monumental role in the revival and systematization of this classical dance form. She founded the Nalanda Dance Research Centre and the Nalanda Nritya Kala Mahavidyalaya in Mumbai, making her a pioneer in dance education by integrating formal academic research with traditional performance. Her doctoral thesis on Mohiniyattam was the first of its kind in India, and she is credited with introducing a scientific approach to the dance style, particularly through the application of the Sopana Sangeetham musical tradition. Her efforts significantly elevated the academic status of Indian classical dance, earning her prestigious honors such as the Padma Bhushan and the Kalidas Samman.

Explanation

Kathakali is a highly stylized classical dance-drama from Kerala that is renowned for its elaborate facial makeup and colorful costumes. The makeup, known as Aharya, uses a specific color-coding system to symbolize the inherent qualities and personalities of the characters. Green (Paccha) is used for noble and virtuous characters like gods and heroes. Red streaks on a green background (Kathi) represent characters with an evil streak or those who are arrogant but possess some nobility. Red beards (Chuvanna Thadi) are used for aggressive and wicked characters, while black (Kari) signifies primitive or forest-dwelling characters. Finally, yellow or radiant makeup (Minukku) is applied to portray gentle and virtuous characters such as women, sages, and saints. This intricate use of color allows the audience to immediately recognize the moral temperament and status of the character performing on stage.

Explanation

Evidence of ostriches in India has been found primarily through the discovery of numerous ostrich eggshell fragments at various Upper Palaeolithic sites, most notably at Patne in Maharashtra. Scientific studies and radiocarbon dating of these eggshells indicate that they date back to approximately 25,000 to 40,000 years ago, which falls within the Upper Palaeolithic period. These findings suggest that ostriches were part of the Indian fauna during the Pleistocene epoch, and early humans used these shells to create beads and decorative items.

Explanation

The cell envelope of a bacterial cell is a multi-layered structure that functions as a single protective unit. It typically comprises three distinct layers: the innermost plasma membrane, the middle cell wall, and the outermost glycocalyx. The glycocalyx is composed of polysaccharides and can vary significantly in thickness and toughness across different species. It exists either as a loose, gelatinous sheath called the slime layer or as a highly organized, thick layer known as a capsule. This outermost coating is essential for protecting the bacterium from environmental stress and aiding in attachment to surfaces.

Explanation

Maihar is a city located in the Satna district of Madhya Pradesh. Baba Allauddin Khan, a legendary sarod player and multi-instrumentalist, settled in Maihar and served as the court musician for the Maharaja of Maihar, Brijnath Singh. It was here that he founded the Maihar Gharana, which is one of the most influential schools of Hindustani classical music. He also established the Maihar Band, a unique ensemble of instruments, further cementing the town's status as a major cultural and musical hub within the state of Madhya Pradesh.

Explanation

In 1651, the English East India Company established its first factory in Bengal on the banks of the river Hugli. This settlement was made possible through the efforts of Dr. Gabriel Boughton, who obtained a farman from Sultan Shuja, the Subahdar of Bengal and son of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, granting the English the right to trade in the region. The Hugli factory served as a pivotal commercial hub for the company, facilitating the procurement of goods such as silk, cotton, saltpetre, and sugar for export. This establishment laid the groundwork for the company's subsequent expansion and the eventual development of the Bengal Presidency.

Explanation

Justice Dhananjaya Yashwant Chandrachud was appointed as the 50th Chief Justice of India by President Droupadi Murmu in accordance with the provisions of Article 124 of the Constitution of India. He succeeded Justice Uday Umesh Lalit and officially took the oath of office on November 9, 2022, at Rashtrapati Bhavan. His appointment followed the established seniority convention of the Supreme Court, where the outgoing Chief Justice recommends the most senior judge as their successor. Justice Chandrachud had previously served as a judge of the Supreme Court since May 2016 and as the Chief Justice of the Allahabad High Court. His elevation to the 50th position in the judicial hierarchy is also notable as he is the son of Justice Y.V. Chandrachud, who was the 16th Chief Justice of India.

Explanation

Losar is the Tibetan word for New Year, derived from the words lo meaning year and sar meaning new. It is the most significant festival in the Tibetan calendar and marks the beginning of the lunar year. The festival is celebrated by Tibetans and various Himalayan communities across India, Nepal, and Bhutan. The celebrations typically involve visiting monasteries to offer prayers, performing traditional Cham dances, and preparing festive foods like guthuk to symbolise the cleansing of the old year and the welcoming of the new. It usually falls in the months of February or March according to the Gregorian calendar.

Explanation

The Green Revolution, initiated in India during the mid-1960s, was centered on the introduction of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds that were highly responsive to chemical fertilizers and intensive irrigation. Wheat was the most successful crop under this program, as the adoption of semi-dwarf Mexican varieties led to a massive increase in the area dedicated to its cultivation. The significant growth in acreage was particularly visible in states like Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh, where the adoption of these new seeds transformed traditional farming into modern industrial agriculture. The rapid expansion of the area under HYV wheat contributed to a substantial rise in total grain output, effectively making wheat the cornerstone of India's self-sufficiency in food production.

Explanation

The Fundamental Duties were incorporated into the Indian Constitution through the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976. This addition followed the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee, which emphasized the need for citizens to be aware of their obligations alongside their rights. These duties are contained within Part IV-A, which consists of a single article, Article 51A. Initially, ten duties were listed, but an eleventh duty concerning the provision of educational opportunities for children was added later by the 86th Amendment Act in 2002. These duties are intended to serve as a constant reminder to every citizen that while the Constitution specifically conferred on them certain Fundamental Rights, it also requires them to observe certain basic norms of democratic conduct and democratic behavior.

Explanation

Nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a specific period, evaluated at the prices that are current in the market at that time. It is calculated by multiplying the quantity of goods and services produced in the current year by their respective prices in that same year. Because it uses current prices, Nominal GDP reflects changes in both the volume of production and the price levels, meaning it captures the effects of inflation or deflation. In economic terms, the formula is expressed as Nominal GDP = Σ (Pᵢ × Qᵢ), where Pᵢ represents the current price of a good or service and Qᵢ represents the quantity produced. This metric provides a snapshot of the economy's size in current monetary terms before any adjustments for price fluctuations over time are made.

Explanation

Roshan Kumari is a legendary exponent of Kathak, belonging to the Jaipur Gharana. She is widely recognized for her mastery over the technical aspects of the dance, particularly her precision in complex rhythmic patterns, fast footwork known as Tatkar, and graceful pirouettes or Chakkars. Her significant contributions to the preservation and promotion of Kathak earned her prestigious honors including the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1975 and the Padma Shri in 1984. She further dedicated herself to the art form by founding the Nritya Kala Kendra in Mumbai to train students in the traditional Jaipur style of Kathak.

Explanation

Anisole, also known as methoxybenzene, is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH₃OC₆H₅. Structurally, it consists of a methyl group linked to an oxygen atom that is attached to a phenyl ring, making it an aromatic ether. It is a colorless liquid with a pleasant, sweet, and spicy aroma reminiscent of anise seeds, which leads to its extensive use as a precursor in the synthesis of perfumes and fragrances. Beyond its aromatic properties, anisole is utilized as a versatile solvent in organic synthesis and as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals.

Explanation

E-commerce is built on the foundation of speed, efficiency, and real-time connectivity. One of its primary objectives is to provide instantaneous or rapid responses to consumer inquiries and market demands through automated systems, 24/7 availability, and streamlined communication channels. A late response to customer needs represents a failure in business operations and serves as a significant disadvantage that can lead to loss of consumer trust and competitive edge. Therefore, delays in addressing customer requirements are the opposite of the benefits typically associated with digital commerce frameworks.

Explanation

Xuan Zang, also known as Hiuen Tsang, was a celebrated Chinese Buddhist monk and traveler who visited the Indian subcontinent during the 7th century CE. He started his journey from China in 629 CE and reached India around 630 CE, primarily during the reign of King Harshavardhana. His mission was to visit the holy sites associated with the life of the Buddha and to acquire authentic Buddhist scriptures for translation. Given that he arrived in India in the early 600s, his visit occurred approximately 1,400 years ago relative to the modern era. He spent many years studying at the famous Nalanda University and left behind a detailed account of the social, political, and religious conditions of India in his travelogue, Si-Yu-Ki.

Explanation

Bharat Lal, a retired Indian Forest Service officer of the 1988 batch from the Gujarat cadre, was appointed as the Director General of the National Centre for Good Governance in September 2022. Prior to this appointment, he served as the Secretary to the Lokpal and was the founding Mission Director of the Jal Jeevan Mission, where he played a pivotal role in the implementation of the Har Ghar Jal program. The National Centre for Good Governance is an autonomous institution under the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. It focuses on governance reforms, capacity building, and training for civil servants from India and other developing countries to promote better public service delivery.

Explanation

The Sunderban delta, located at the mouth of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers in India and Bangladesh, is the largest mangrove forest in the world and serves as a critical habitat for the Royal Bengal Tiger. This region is unique globally as it is the only mangrove ecosystem where tigers are found. These tigers have developed specialized adaptations to the tidal environment, such as the ability to swim across wide saline river channels. The area is protected as a UNESCO World Heritage site and a Biosphere Reserve to conserve its biodiversity and the significant population of this apex predator.

Explanation

Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni ruled the Ghaznavid Empire from 998 to 1030 CE, a period that coincides significantly with the reign of the Chola emperor Rajendra I, who ruled from 1014 to 1044 CE. During the early 11th century, while Mahmud of Ghazni was conducting his famous series of seventeen invasions into Northern India, Rajendra I was expanding the Chola Empire to its zenith in Southern India and beyond. Rajendra I is renowned for his naval expeditions to Southeast Asia and his military campaign to the Ganges River, which took place around 1022 CE, precisely during the era of Mahmud's peak activity in the Indian subcontinent.

Explanation

Water is a cyclic resource because it is continuously recycled through the environment via the hydrological cycle. This process involves the movement of water from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration, followed by its return to the surface as precipitation. The water then flows through rivers, infiltrates the ground, or collects in oceans, only to begin the cycle again. Because the total volume of water on Earth remains relatively constant while shifting between different forms and locations, it is categorized as a resource that naturally replenishes itself through this ongoing global circulation.

Explanation

Dadabhai Naoroji, widely known as the Grand Old Man of India, was a prominent businessman who moved to London in 1855. He initially joined Cama | Co, which was the first Indian commercial firm to operate in Britain, as a partner. In 1859, he established his own trading firm, Dadabhai Naoroji | Co, which was involved in the export and import of commodities such as cotton. His successful business career in England provided him with the necessary resources and social standing to eventually enter British politics, where he became the first Indian elected to the House of Commons and used his platform to critique British economic policies in India through his Drain of Wealth theory.

Explanation

Lovlina Borgohain is a prominent Indian amateur boxer from Assam who competes in the welterweight division. She rose to international fame by winning the bronze medal at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games, becoming only the third Indian boxer to stand on an Olympic podium after Vijender Singh and Mary Kom. Her significant achievements in the sport were recognized by the Government of India with the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award in 2021.

Explanation

According to the official data of the Census 2011, Sikkim is the least populous state in India. Its total population was recorded as 6,10,577, making it the only state in the country with a population of less than seven lakhs at that time. The census reflects that Sikkim accounts for approximately 0.05 percent of India total population. Despite its small population, the state has a unique demographic profile with a specific population density and growth rate recorded across its four districts as per the 2011 enumeration standards.

Explanation

The fourth edition of the Winter Youth Olympic Games was awarded to Gangwon, South Korea, and is scheduled to be held in 2024. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) officially selected Gangwon during its 135th Session in Lausanne in January 2020. This event represents the first time the Winter Youth Olympics will be hosted in Asia. The Games are designed to utilize the existing world-class sporting infrastructure and venues that were previously used during the PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympics. The 2024 Games follow the previous Winter Youth Olympic editions held in Innsbruck (2012), Lillehammer (2016), and Lausanne (2020).

Explanation

Inscriptions from the Chola dynasty, who ruled in South India, describe more than four hundred terms for different kinds of taxes. Among these, the most frequently mentioned tax is vetti, which was not collected in cash but in the form of forced labour. Under this system, the common people were required to provide physical labour for various state activities, such as the construction of temples, irrigation tanks, and other public infrastructure projects, as a form of tribute to the monarch. This practice of extracting unpaid labour was a significant component of the Chola administrative and economic structure, ensuring the completion of massive architectural and engineering feats throughout the empire.

Explanation

The NITI Aayog, which stands for National Institution for Transforming India, was established on January 1, 2015, through a Union Cabinet resolution to replace the Planning Commission. This transition marked a significant shift in India's developmental approach, moving away from the centralized, top-down planning model of the Planning Commission toward a framework of cooperative federalism. As the premier policy think tank of the Government of India, NITI Aayog provides both directional and policy inputs while designing long-term strategic programs. It aims to involve state governments in the economic policy-making process, ensuring that the national development agenda is shaped with the active participation of all states, thereby reflecting a bottom-up approach to governance and economic development.

Explanation

In a pond ecosystem, the decomposers are primarily concentrated at the bottom, where organic matter and detritus accumulate. Flagellates, along with bacteria and fungi, are microscopic organisms that play a crucial role in breaking down dead organic material in the benthic zone. These organisms function as heterotrophs that consume dissolved organic compounds or particulate matter, facilitating the recycling of nutrients within the aquatic environment. In the sediment of the pond floor, various flagellated protozoans act as essential components of the decomposer community by processing complex organic substances into simpler forms.

Explanation

Ilaiyaraaja was honored with the Best Original Score award at the Amsterdam International Film Festival in 2022 for his musical contribution to the Tamil film Maamanithan. Directed by Seenu Ramasamy and starring Vijay Sethupathi, the film received significant international acclaim, winning a total of four awards at this festival. Ilaiyaraaja is a legendary Indian composer known for his prolific career spanning several decades and his ability to integrate various musical styles, including Western classical and Indian folk music, into cinematic storytelling. This specific recognition highlighted his expertise in creating evocative background scores and melodies that define the emotional landscape of Indian independent cinema.

Explanation

Calcium oxide (CaO) is commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime. It is a white, caustic, alkaline, crystalline solid at room temperature. Quicklime is produced through the thermal decomposition, or calcination, of limestone materials that contain calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) in a lime kiln. This process involves heating the limestone to temperatures above 825°C, which releases carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) and leaves behind the solid calcium oxide. It is a versatile chemical compound used extensively in various industrial applications, including steel manufacturing, paper production, and water treatment, due to its high reactivity and ability to act as a flux or a neutralizing agent.

Explanation

The 73ʳᵈ and 74ᵗʰ Constitutional Amendment Acts were passed by the Indian Parliament in December 1992. These landmark legislations were introduced to provide a constitutional foundation for local self-government in India, specifically through the creation of Panchayati Raj Institutions for rural areas and Municipalities for urban areas. The Lok Sabha passed the bills on December 22, 1992, followed by the Rajya Sabha on December 23, 1992. Although the acts received Presidential assent and came into effect in 1993, they are formally titled as the Acts of 1992 because that was the year the legislative passage through Parliament was completed. The amendments added Part IX and Part IX-A to the Constitution, along with the Eleventh and Twelfth Schedules, respectively.

Explanation

The Nagpur Road Plan was the first formal and systematic attempt at road development planning in India, formulated during a conference of Chief Engineers at Nagpur in 1943. Spanning the period from 1943 to 1963, the plan aimed to increase the road density of the country to 16 km per 100 square kilometres of area. It established a structural framework by classifying roads into five distinct categories: National Highways, State Highways, Major District Roads, Other District Roads, and Village Roads. This classification system and the star and grid pattern for road networks became the foundation for all subsequent infrastructure development in the Indian transport sector.

Explanation

Velocity is defined as a vector quantity that represents the rate of change of an object's position with respect to time. It consists of two essential components: magnitude and direction. The magnitude of velocity is speed, which is a scalar quantity representing how fast an object is moving. When a specific direction is associated with speed, it becomes velocity. Mathematically, velocity v can be expressed as the product of speed v and a unit vector n in the direction of motion, such that v = v n. Therefore, speed in a particular direction is precisely what constitutes velocity.

Explanation

The UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik) scheme was selected for the Prime Minister's Award for Excellence in Public Administration 2021 under the category Innovation (General) - Central in April 2022. This flagship regional connectivity scheme of the Ministry of Civil Aviation was recognized for its impact on improving air connectivity and making air travel affordable for the common man. By focusing on the development of unserved and underserved airports, UDAN has successfully democratized the aviation sector and contributed significantly to the socio-economic development of regional areas by enhancing trade, commerce, and tourism.

Explanation

Pandit Birju Maharaj received the National Film Award for Best Choreography for his exceptional work in the film Vishwaroopam. The 60th National Film Awards, which recognized excellence in films released in the year 2012, honored him for the song Unnai Kaanaathu. In this sequence, he choreographed a technically demanding Kathak performance for the lead actor, Kamal Haasan. This award acknowledged his profound influence in integrating traditional Indian classical dance into mainstream cinema with high artistic integrity.

Explanation

The Sair-E-Gul Faroshan festival, popularly known as Phool Walon Ki Sair, is an annual three-day festival of flower sellers held in Mehrauli, Delhi. It serves as a significant symbol of communal harmony and the Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb of India. During the celebrations, floral fans known as pankhas are offered at the ancient Yogmaya Temple and the Dargah of Sufi saint Khwaja Bakhtiyar Kaki. The tradition was established in 1812 during the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar Shah II and was later revived in 1962 by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru to promote national integration. It remains a key cultural event in Delhi, showcasing the secular fabric of the city.

Explanation

The constitution serves as the supreme law of a country, providing a comprehensive framework of written rules and principles that govern the political system. it defines the relationship between various organs of the government and establishes the rights and duties of the citizens. As a foundational legal document, it represents a social contract that is accepted by all people living within the territory, ensuring that the exercise of power is regulated and that the country functions according to an agreed-upon set of standards and values.

Explanation

A rock is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter that constitutes the Earth's crust. The lithosphere, which includes the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle, is composed entirely of rocks. These substances vary widely in terms of their chemical composition, texture, color, and hardness. Geologically, rocks are classified into three main categories based on how they are formed: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Because the Earth's outer shell is a solid structure built from these mineral assemblies, the term rock encompasses all such natural masses.

Explanation

Rajashree Shirke is a distinguished Kathak exponent, researcher, and choreographer known for her contribution to the Vani-style of Kathak and her work in integrating traditional dance with theatre. In recognition of her excellence and significant contribution to the field of Kathak, she was conferred the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for the year 2013. This award is one of the highest national honours bestowed upon performing artists in India by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, the national academy of music, dance, and drama, to acknowledge lifelong achievement and mastery in various classical art forms.

Explanation

Manpreet Singh served as the captain of the Indian men's national field hockey team during the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, which were held in 2021. Under his leadership, the Indian team secured a historic bronze medal by defeating Germany, ending a 41-year medal drought for India in Olympic hockey. Manpreet Singh, a veteran midfielder, also had the honor of being India's flag bearer at the opening ceremony of the Tokyo Games.

Explanation

Gangubai Hangal was a doyen of the Kirana gharana, a school of Hindustani classical music known for its emphasis on swara (individual notes) and emotional depth. She began her formal training under the legendary Sawai Gandharva, who was the foremost disciple of Ustad Abdul Karim Khan, the co-founder of the Kirana gharana. Over her long career spanning several decades, she became celebrated for her mastery of the Khyal style and her ability to maintain a rich, masculine texture in her voice. Her dedication to the traditional tenets of the Kirana school earned her numerous accolades, including the Padma Vibhushan and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award.

Explanation

In national income accounting, the term Net refers to the value of goods and services after accounting for the wear and tear of capital assets. Gross National Product (GNP) measures the total market value of all final goods and services produced by the residents of a country. However, during the production process, fixed capital such as machinery, equipment, and buildings undergoes physical wear and tear or obsolescence, which is known as depreciation or the consumption of fixed capital. To calculate the actual net output of an economy, this depreciation must be subtracted from the gross value. Therefore, the mathematical relationship is defined as NNP = GNP - Depreciation. Net National Product represents the true net value of goods and services available to a nation after maintaining its capital stock.

Explanation

Borax is a naturally occurring mineral and a salt of boric acid, chemically identified as sodium tetraborate decahydrate. Its chemical formula is Na₂B₄O₇ · 10H₂O, indicating that it contains two sodium atoms, four boron atoms, and seven oxygen atoms, associated with ten molecules of water of crystallization. In its structural form, it is more accurately represented as Na₂[B₄O₅(OH)₄] · 8H₂O, featuring the tetraborate anion. Borax is widely utilized in various industrial applications, including the manufacture of heat-resistant glass, ceramics, and as a flux in soldering and metallurgy.

Explanation

In February 2022, the Jammu and Kashmir administration partnered with OYO (Oravel Stays Ltd) to launch a rural tourism initiative titled Crown of Incredible India. The project was inaugurated by Lieutenant Governor Manoj Sinha and aimed to promote the home-stay ecosystem in rural areas of the Union Territory. This initiative focused on identifying and developing 75 villages as tourist hubs to celebrate the 75th year of India's independence under the Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav. Through this partnership, OYO committed to providing financial assistance and training to local entrepreneurs to convert their residences into quality home-stays, thereby boosting local employment and showcasing the natural beauty and culture of J | K's rural landscape to a wider audience.

Explanation

The Mukhyamantri Chaa Sramik Kalyan Prakalp is a special welfare scheme launched by Union Home Minister Amit Shah in Tripura on March 8, 2022, to coincide with International Women's Day. This initiative specifically targets the welfare of tea garden workers, a sector where women constitute approximately 75 percent of the total workforce of 85,000 people. The scheme allocates approximately 85 crore rupees to provide workers with housing, land for cultivation, ration cards, and social security benefits such as healthcare and insurance. By integrating various state and central government components, the program ensures basic amenities like electricity, water, and education for the families of those working in Tripura's tea industry.

Explanation

According to the International Handball Federation (IHF) rules governing the sport, specifically Rule 7 regarding playing the ball, a player is allowed to hold the ball for a maximum duration of 3 seconds. This rule applies whether the player is standing still or has just finished a dribble. Once the dribbling motion is stopped and the ball is controlled with one or both hands, the player must either pass the ball to a teammate or attempt a shot on goal within this 3-second time limit. Additionally, the player is restricted to taking a maximum of three steps while holding the ball before they must release it.

Explanation

The historical timeline of Delhi's rulers begins with the Rajput dynasties, primarily the Tomaras and the Chauhans, who held power until the late 12th century. Following the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate by the Mamluks, the Khalji dynasty took control in 1290 under Jalal-ud-din Khalji, marking a significant shift in administrative and military expansion. The Khaljis were subsequently overthrown in 1320 by Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq, the founder of the Tughluq dynasty. This chronological progression accurately reflects the transition of power from the early Rajput defenders to the major Sultanate dynasties that dominated the Indian subcontinent during the medieval period.