SSC CGL Tier 1 2022 General Awareness Questions with Solutions

Explanation

Rottela Panduga, also known as the Festival of Breads, is a unique annual event celebrated at the Bara Shaheed Dargah located on the banks of the Swarnala Cheruvu in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh. The festival is held during the month of Muharram to honor the twelve martyrs, known as Bara Shaheed, who sacrificed their lives in a battle. It has evolved into a major symbol of communal harmony, attracting devotees from various religions and regions. The central ritual involves the exchange of rotis (flatbreads) in the waters of the Nellore tank. People offer rotis to the martyrs upon the fulfillment of their wishes or pick up rotis from others while making new vows for health, education, career success, or marriage. This three-day to five-day celebration sees massive gatherings where the act of sharing bread signifies the fulfillment of desires and collective faith.

Explanation

Razia Sultan, the first female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, was imprisoned in the Qila Mubarak at Bathinda following her defeat in 1240. The rebellion against her was led by Malik Ikhtiyar-ud-din Altunia, who was the governor of Bathinda at the time. After the execution of her loyalist Jamal-ud-din Yaqut, Razia was taken into custody and held within the walls of this historic fortress. It was during her incarceration at Qila Mubarak that she strategically chose to marry Altunia in an attempt to regain her lost throne and march back toward Delhi.

Explanation

Anjali Bhardwaj was honored by the United States Department of State in February 2021 as one of the 12 inaugural International Anti-Corruption Champions. She is a prominent Indian social activist who has been a leader in the Right to Information movement for over two decades. As the founder of Satark Nagrik Sangathan and a key member of the National Campaign for Peoples' Right to Information, she has played a significant role in promoting transparency and government accountability in India. The award recognized her dedicated efforts in empowering citizens to use the RTI Act to hold the government accountable and fight corruption at various levels of administration.

Explanation

The chemical formula for carbon monoxide is CO, indicating that one atom of carbon combines with one atom of oxygen. Based on the periodic table, the atomic mass of carbon is approximately 12.01 u and the atomic mass of oxygen is approximately 16.00 u.

To determine the mass of oxygen for each 1.00 g of carbon, we calculate the mass ratio of oxygen to carbon in the molecule: Mass of Oxygen per gram of Carbon = (Atomic mass of Oxygen)/(Atomic mass of Carbon) Mass of Oxygen per gram of Carbon = (16.00 g)/(12.01 g) ≈ 1.3322 g

This ratio confirms that in carbon monoxide, there is approximately 1.33 g of oxygen for every 1.00 g of carbon.

Explanation

The Teesta River originates from the Pahunri glacier and Tso Lhamo Lake in the North Sikkim district of the Himalayas. It is known as the lifeline of Sikkim, flowing southward through the state before crossing into West Bengal. In West Bengal, it flows through the Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Jalpaiguri, and Cooch Behar districts. The river serves as a vital water source for both states and forms a significant part of the drainage system in the eastern Himalayan region before eventually entering Bangladesh to join the Brahmaputra River.

Explanation

The volume occupied by an ideal gas is calculated using the ideal gas equation PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin. For one mole of an ideal gas (n = 1) at standard conditions of T = 273 K and P = 1 atm, the value of the gas constant R is approximately 0.0821 L⁻¹⁻¹. Substituting these values into the rearranged formula V = (nRT)/(P) gives V = (1 × 0.0821 × 273)/(1), which equals 22.4143 litres. Rounded to one decimal place, this molar volume is 22.4 litres.

Explanation

In 1928, the Indian National Congress accepted the challenge of the Secretary of State for India, Lord Birkenhead, to draft a constitution that would be acceptable to all sections of Indian society. The All Parties Conference appointed a committee chaired by Motilal Nehru to prepare this document. Along with eight other prominent Congress and political leaders, Motilal Nehru drafted the Nehru Report, which was submitted in August 1928. This document represented the first major attempt by Indians to frame a constitutional architecture for their country and included demands for dominion status, a federal structure, and a declaration of fundamental rights.

Explanation

Bhawaiya is a prominent folk song genre that originated in Northern Bengal, specifically in the districts of Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri, as well as the Goalpara region of Assam and the Rangpur division of Bangladesh. Traditionally performed by the Rajbongshi community, these songs are characterized by their deep emotional resonance and themes often centered on rural life, love, and the longing of separation. The genre is uniquely identified by its vocal style, which involves a distinctive melodic break or fluctuation in the voice. Performances are typically accompanied by the Dotara, a traditional stringed instrument that complements the rhythmic flow of the lyrics. Bhawaiya remains a vital cultural expression in the riverine and agricultural landscapes of these contiguous regions.

Explanation

Harishena was the court poet of the Gupta emperor Samudragupta, who ruled in the 4th century CE. He is best known for composing the Prayag Prashasti, also known as the Allahabad Pillar Inscription, which extols the military conquests and virtues of Samudragupta. In contrast, King Harshavardhana, who ruled in the 7th century CE, had Banabhatta as his primary court poet. Banabhatta is the one responsible for writing the Harshacharita, the famous biography of the king. Therefore, Harishena's association with Harshavardhana is historically inaccurate as they belonged to different dynasties and time periods.

Explanation

Article 338B was inserted into the Constitution of India by the 102nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2018. This article accorded constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC), which was previously a statutory body. Clause (1) of Article 338B specifically mandates the establishment of a Commission for the socially and educationally backward classes to be known as the National Commission for Backward Classes. The commission is vested with the authority to investigate and monitor all matters relating to the safeguards provided for the socially and educationally backward classes under the Constitution or any other law.

Explanation

The Third Five-Year Plan (1961–1966) explicitly introduced the objective of achieving a self-reliant and self-generating economy. While the first two plans focused on agriculture and basic heavy industries respectively, the Third Plan aimed to reach the take-off stage of development where the nation could sustain its own growth without a continuous dependence on foreign aid. This objective emphasized self-sufficiency in food grains and the expansion of domestic industrial capacity in sectors like steel, chemicals, and fuel to minimize reliance on imports for capital goods and technology. The goal of self-reliance was central to the plan's strategy for long-term economic independence.

Explanation

Primary productivity represents the rate at which solar energy is converted into organic compounds by the producers in an ecosystem. This productivity is categorized into two main components: Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Net Primary Productivity (NPP). GPP is the total amount of energy produced by plants through photosynthesis over a specific period. NPP is the energy that remains after subtracting the energy consumed by the plants for their own respiration (R). This relationship is expressed as NPP = GPP - R. While GPP measures the total chemical energy generated, NPP represents the actual biomass available for consumption by herbivores and decomposers, making these two factors the essential components for understanding the energy dynamics of an ecosystem.

Explanation

The gastric glands in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid and an inactive proenzyme called pepsinogen. Hydrochloric acid serves a dual purpose: it first converts the inactive pepsinogen into the active proteolytic enzyme pepsin, and subsequently maintains a highly acidic environment with a pH of approximately 1.8. This acidic medium is essential because pepsin is a protease that functions optimally only under low pH conditions. The acidity facilitates the breakdown of complex proteins into smaller peptides, such as proteoses and peptones, by providing the necessary chemical environment for the enzyme to maintain its active conformation and catalytic efficiency.

Explanation

Herbert C. Brown was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1979, sharing the honor with Georg Wittig. Brown received the prize for his extensive work on organoboranes, which are boron-containing organic compounds. His research led to the discovery of hydroboration, a reaction where borane adds to carbon-carbon double bonds to form organoborane intermediates. These intermediates proved to be exceptionally versatile, allowing chemists to synthesize a vast array of organic molecules, including alcohols and hydrocarbons, with precise control over the arrangement of atoms. His development of these boron-based reagents revolutionized the field of synthetic organic chemistry by providing efficient methods for building complex molecular structures.

Explanation

As per the final data released by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India for the 2011 Census, the literacy rate in the country was recorded at 74.04 percent. The male literacy rate specifically stood at 82.14 percent, while the female literacy rate was 65.46 percent. For the purposes of the census, a person aged seven and above who can both read and write with understanding in any language is treated as literate. This figure represented a notable increase from the 2001 Census, where the male literacy rate was approximately 75.26 percent, reflecting improvements in educational outreach and enrollment across the decade.

Explanation

In March 2021, West Indies captain Kieron Pollard became the third cricketer in international history to hit six sixes in a single over during a T20 International match against Sri Lanka. The feat occurred during the first T20I of the series held at the Coolidge Cricket Ground in Antigua. Pollard achieved this milestone in the sixth over of the West Indies run chase, dispatching Sri Lankan leg-spinner Akila Dananjaya for six consecutive sixes. This performance placed Pollard in an elite group alongside South Africa's Herschelle Gibbs and India's Yuvraj Singh as the only players to have accomplished this in international cricket at that time. Notably, the over came immediately after Dananjaya had taken a hat-trick in his previous over, making the event a unique occurrence in cricket history.

Explanation

Durga Puja commemorates the victory of Goddess Durga over the buffalo demon Mahishasura. According to the Devi Mahatmya, Mahishasura was a powerful shape-shifting demon who had terrorized the heavens and earth after receiving a boon that no man or male deity could defeat him. To restore cosmic order, the combined energies of the principal gods—Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva—manifested as the goddess Durga. Armed with divine weapons bestowed by various deities, Durga engaged in a fierce battle with Mahishasura and his army for nine nights and ten days, eventually slaying him. This triumph signifies the victory of dharma over adharma and the power of Shakti to protect the universe from evil forces.

Explanation

According to the 2011 Census of India, Jharkhand has a population density of 414 persons per km². This figure is derived from its total population of 32,988,134 and its total land area of 79,714 km². Among the states provided in the options, Jharkhand possesses the highest population density, as its density of 414 surpasses the figures recorded for the other three states in the same census year.

Explanation

The Bidhan Chandra Roy Award, also known as the B.C. Roy Award, was established in 1962 by the Medical Council of India to honor the memory of Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy, an legendary physician and the second Chief Minister of West Bengal. It is the highest recognition for medical professionals in India and is presented annually by the President of India on July 1st, which is National Doctors' Day. The award acknowledges eminent persons in the field of medicine, philosophy, science, and the arts, but it is most widely recognized as the premier national honor for excellence in medical practice and research.

Explanation

The thermosphere is the atmospheric layer located directly above the mesopause, extending from approximately 80 kilometers to about 600 kilometers above the Earth's surface. In this region, temperatures increase steadily with height due to the absorption of high-energy solar radiation, specifically ultraviolet and X-ray radiation, by atomic oxygen and nitrogen. This absorption causes the gas molecules to move at very high speeds, resulting in temperatures that can reach 1500 degrees Celsius or higher in the upper parts of the layer. Because the mesopause marks the transition where the cooling trend of the mesosphere ends, the thermosphere begins the subsequent warming trend within the vertical structure of the atmosphere.

Explanation

Guru Kelucharan Mohapatra was a legendary Indian classical dancer and choreographer who is widely credited with the revival and global popularization of Odissi dance in the 20th century. After the dance form faced a period of decline, he played a pivotal role in restructuring its techniques and grammar by drawing from ancient temple sculptures and traditional Gotipua and Mahari dance forms. He was the first person from Odisha to be honored with the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian award, in 2000. Beyond his performances, he was a renowned teacher who founded the dance school Srjan and trained many of the most famous Odissi dancers of the modern era.

Explanation

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures caused by sudden bursts of electrical activity in the brain. Under normal conditions, neurons (brain cells) communicate via controlled electrical impulses. In individuals with epilepsy, this normal pattern of neuronal activity becomes disrupted, leading to excessive and hypersynchronous electrical discharges. These abnormal discharges interfere with the brain’s internal communication system and manifest as seizures. The physical symptoms of these seizures can range from brief lapses of attention or muscle jerks to severe, prolonged convulsions and loss of consciousness, depending on which part of the brain is involved and how far the electrical disturbance spreads.

Explanation

Unfinished: A Memoir is the debut book written by Priyanka Chopra Jonas, which was published in February 2021. The memoir provides a detailed account of her life, spanning from her childhood in India and her formative years in the United States to her historic win at the Miss World 2000 pageant. It explores her multifaceted career as an actor, singer, and producer in both Bollywood and Hollywood, while also addressing personal challenges, including her experiences with grief, identity, and the pressures of global stardom.

Explanation

Unaccustomed Earth is a collection of short stories published in 2008 by Jhumpa Lahiri. The book explores the lives of Bengali-American characters as they navigate issues of cultural identity, family relationships, and the immigrant experience across generations. The title of the collection is derived from a passage in Nathaniel Hawthorne's introductory essay to The Scarlet Letter, titled The Custom-House, which reflects on the necessity of transplanting oneself into new soil to thrive. The work received significant critical acclaim and debuted at the top of the New York Times Best Seller list.

Explanation

Sustainable Development Goal 6 is specifically designed to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Adopted by the United Nations in 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda, this goal addresses the entire water cycle, including the management of water, wastewater, and ecosystem resources. Its targets include achieving universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water, providing access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene, and improving water quality by reducing pollution and eliminating dumping. Furthermore, SDG 6 emphasizes increasing water-use efficiency across all sectors and protecting water-related ecosystems such as mountains, forests, wetlands, and aquifers to ensure a sustainable supply of freshwater.

Explanation

In the Union Budget 2021-22, the Finance Minister announced substantial allocations for the development of National Highway corridors to bolster infrastructure. Tamil Nadu received the highest budgetary allocation among the states mentioned, with an investment of 1.03 lakh crore rupees earmarked for the construction of 3,500 km of highway works. This massive outlay included the development of the Madurai-Kollam corridor and the Chittoor-Thatchur corridor, aimed at improving connectivity and supporting economic growth within the state.

Explanation

The Minimum Support Price (MSP) for Barley for the Rabi Marketing Season (RMS) 2021-22 was fixed at ₹1,600 per quintal. According to the data released by the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP), the all-India weighted average cost of production (A2+FL) for barley for that season was estimated at ₹971 per quintal. The return over the cost of production is calculated as the ratio of the profit to the cost of production:

Percentage Return = (MSP - Cost)/(Cost) × 100

Substituting the values, we get:

Percentage Return = (1600 - 971)/(971) × 100 = ⁶²⁹⁄₉₇₁ × 100 ≈ 64.77%

When rounded to the nearest whole number, this yields an expected return of 65% over the cost of production. This policy of ensuring at least a 50% margin over the cost of production was implemented by the government following the recommendations of the Swaminathan Commission and the Union Budget 2018-19 announcement.

Explanation

The Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine specifically developed to protect against tuberculosis (TB). It is derived from a weakened strain of Mycobacterium bovis, a bacterium closely related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is the primary cause of TB in humans. Named after French scientists Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin who developed it in the early 20th century, the vaccine is most effective in preventing severe and disseminated forms of the disease in children, such as TB meningitis and miliary tuberculosis. It is typically administered as a single intradermal injection shortly after birth in countries with a high prevalence of the disease to stimulate early immune response against the infection.

Explanation

The Right to Information (Amendment) Act, 2019, was enacted to modify the tenure and service conditions of the Chief Information Commissioner and Information Commissioners at both the Central and State levels. Under the original 2005 Act, these officials were appointed for a fixed term of five years or until the age of 65. The 2019 amendment changed this by stating that they shall hold office for such term as may be prescribed by the Central Government. Furthermore, the amendment granted the Central Government the power to determine the salaries, allowances, and other terms and conditions of service for these positions, which were earlier equivalent to those of the Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners.

Explanation

Sheet erosion involves the uniform removal of a thin layer of topsoil over a large area, typically caused by the impact of raindrops and surface runoff on gentle slopes. Because the soil is detached and transported evenly across the surface rather than through concentrated channels, it does not produce immediate or prominent physical features such as scars, rills, or deep trenches. This gradual process often remains undetected by observers for long periods, even as the most fertile upper layer of the soil is being depleted. Its lack of distinct, localized indicators makes it the most insidious and least visible form of land erosion compared to processes that create obvious structural changes in the landscape.

Explanation

Olericulture is the specific branch of horticulture that deals with the cultivation, processing, and marketing of vegetable crops. Pomology is the study of fruits, agronomy relates to field crops and soil management, and apiculture is the rearing of bees.

Explanation

Charaka was a renowned physician in ancient India and is widely regarded as the Father of Indian Medicine. He was a principal contributor to Ayurveda and authored the Charaka Samhita, which remains one of the most foundational and comprehensive treatises on medical science from antiquity. Practicing during the reign of the Kushana Emperor Kanishka around the 1st or 2nd century CE, Charaka specialized in the internal medicine branch of Ayurveda. His work meticulously details the diagnosis and treatment of numerous diseases, the medicinal properties of hundreds of plants, and the importance of diet and hygiene. He also established a rigorous code of ethics for medical practitioners, emphasizing the physician's duty toward the patient.

Explanation

Drosera, commonly known as sundews, is one of the largest genera of carnivorous plants. These plants utilize stalked mucilaginous glands, which secrete a sticky substance resembling drops of morning dew, to lure, capture, and digest insects. The trapped prey provides essential nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, which are often scarce in the acidic and nutrient-poor boggy soils where Drosera species typically thrive. Once an insect is caught, the leaf often curls around the prey to maximize contact with digestive enzymes.

Explanation

The Mughals were of Chagatai Turkic origin, but Akbar made Persian the leading language of the Mughal court. It was established as the language of administration and the primary medium for historical writing and cultural expression. Consequently, major official court chronicles, such as the Akbarnama by Abu'l Fazl and the Padshahnama by Abdul Hamid Lahori, were composed in Persian. The importance of Persian was so significant that even works originally written in other languages, such as Babur's memoirs, were translated into Persian during the Mughal period to integrate them into the official record.

Explanation

The Salary and Allowances of Leaders of Opposition in Parliament Act was enacted by the Parliament in 1977 to provide statutory recognition to the Leaders of the Opposition in both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. This legislation officially defined the Leader of the Opposition as the leader of the party in opposition to the government having the greatest numerical strength and recognized by the Speaker or the Chairman. Under this Act, the Leaders of the Opposition are entitled to a salary, allowances, and other facilities, such as a rent-free furnished residence and medical facilities, equivalent to those of a Cabinet Minister. Prior to this 1977 Act, the post of the Leader of the Opposition was recognized but did not carry the formal statutory status or the associated ministerial perks and emoluments.

Explanation

The Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) were established based on the recommendations of the Narasimham Working Group on Rural Credit, which was appointed by the Government of India in 1975. The committee identified that the existing commercial banks and cooperative societies were unable to meet the specific credit requirements of the rural poor effectively. It recommended the creation of a new set of institutions that would combine the local feel and familiarity with rural problems characteristic of cooperatives with the professional discipline and ability to mobilize resources found in commercial banks. Consequently, the first five RRBs were set up on October 2, 1975, under an ordinance that was later replaced by the Regional Rural Banks Act of 1976. These banks are owned by the Central Government, the State Government, and a Sponsor Bank in a 50:15:35 ratio.

Explanation

The 2020-21 NBA regular season was specifically shortened to 72 games per team from the standard 82-game schedule. This decision was made by the league and the National Basketball Players Association due to the delayed start of the season caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Because the 2019-20 season concluded late in October 2020, the 2020-21 season did not begin until December 22, 2020. The reduction to 72 games was designed to allow the league to finish the playoffs before the start of the 2021 Summer Olympics and to help the NBA return to its traditional October-to-June calendar for the subsequent 2021-22 season.

Explanation

According to Rule 198 of the Lok Sabha Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business, a no-confidence motion does not need to state the specific reasons or grounds for its adoption or introduction in the House. This is a key procedural distinction from a censure motion, which must specify the reasons for censuring the government. The no-confidence motion is a tool used to test the collective responsibility of the Council of Ministers to the Lok Sabha as per Article 75 of the Constitution. It can be moved against the entire Council of Ministers without citing any specific policy failure or charge, provided it has the support of at least 50 members for its admission. If passed by a simple majority of the members present and voting, the government is mandated to resign.

Explanation

Power is defined as the rate at which work is performed or energy is converted. It represents how fast a specific amount of work is completed over a given period of time. Mathematically, power is expressed as P = (W)/(t), where P represents power, W denotes work, and t represents time. In the International System of Units (SI), the standard unit of power is the Watt (W), which is equivalent to one Joule per second (1 J/s). Therefore, a higher power rating indicates that a larger amount of work is being done in a shorter interval of time.

Explanation

The Union Budget 2021-22 introduced Mission Poshan 2.0 to strengthen nutritional content, delivery, outreach, and outcomes by merging the Supplementary Nutrition Programme and the POSHAN Abhiyaan. During the budget presentation, the Finance Minister announced that the government would adopt an intensified strategy to improve nutritional outcomes specifically focusing on 112 Aspirational Districts. These districts are identified under the Aspirational Districts Programme launched by NITI Aayog to transform the most underdeveloped regions of India. By targeting these 112 districts, the mission aims to address regional disparities in nutrition, stunting, and wasting through integrated health services and enhanced community mobilization.

Explanation

Justice Nuthalapati Venkata Ramana was appointed as the 48th Chief Justice of India by the President of India on April 6, 2021. Following the recommendation of his predecessor, Justice S.A. Bobde, he served as the Chief Justice-designate during the transition period in April until he officially took the oath of office on April 24, 2021. He was the most senior judge in the Supreme Court at the time of his appointment, adhering to the established convention of seniority for the elevation to the highest judicial post in the country.

Explanation

Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank, the then Union Education Minister of India, was conferred with the Vatayan Lifetime Achievement Award in November 2020. This international honor was bestowed upon him in recognition of his extensive literary contributions and his prolific career as a writer, during which he authored over 75 books encompassing poetry, short stories, and novels. The award is presented by the Vatayan-UK organization in London to recognize poets, writers, and artists for their outstanding work in their respective fields. His writings have been translated into several Indian and foreign languages, reflecting a wide reach and influence in the literary world.

Explanation

Kummattikali is a traditional mask dance performed in the South Malabar and Central Kerala regions, particularly in districts like Thrissur and Palakkad. This ritualistic folk art is primarily showcased during the harvest festival of Onam. The performers wear colorful, hand-carved wooden masks depicting various mythological characters such as Lord Krishna, Narada, Kiratha, and Darika. To complete the attire, dancers cover their bodies with layers of Kummatti Pullu, a specific medicinal grass that gives them a distinctive bushy appearance. The dancers move from house to house, accompanied by the music of a unique bow-like stringed instrument called the Onavillu, entertaining the community with their rhythmic movements and vibrant costumes.

Explanation

The Seleucid-Mauryan War was fought between 305 and 303 BCE when Seleucus I Nicator, a former general of Alexander the Great and founder of the Seleucid Empire, invaded the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent to reclaim Alexander's former conquests. He was opposed by Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Mauryan Empire, who had consolidated power over northern India. The conflict ended with a peace treaty in which Seleucus ceded the territories of Arachosia, Gedrosia, and Paropamisadae to the Mauryan Empire. In exchange, Chandragupta gave Seleucus 500 war elephants, which played a decisive role in subsequent Seleucid battles in the West. The agreement also involved a matrimonial alliance and the appointment of the Greek historian Megasthenes as an ambassador to the Mauryan capital, Pataliputra.

Explanation

Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan Plateau, getting its reddish color from a wide diffusion of iron. Black soil is associated with basaltic traps, while alluvial soil is river-deposited, making red soil the correct match for these specific geological and climatic conditions.

Explanation

Sergio Lobera was officially appointed as the head coach of Mumbai City FC on October 12, 2020. His appointment followed the acquisition of the club by the City Football Group. Lobera brought his signature possession-based, attacking style of play to the team, which proved highly effective during the 2020-21 season. Under his guidance, the club achieved unprecedented success by securing the Hero Indian Super League Winners Shield and winning the ISL Trophy in the same year, making Mumbai City FC the first club to achieve this double in the competition history.

Explanation

The Economic Survey 2020-21 reported that the services sector, which accounts for over 54% of Indias Gross Value Added, was severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdowns. In the first half (H1) of the financial year 2020-21, the sector experienced a sharp contraction of 15.8%, nearly 16%. This significant decline was primarily attributed to the collapse of contact-intensive sub-sectors such as trade, hotels, transport, and communication, which were restricted by social distancing norms and mobility constraints during the lockdown period.

Explanation

Swachh Survekshan - Urban is conducted by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) rather than the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. It serves as the monitoring and evaluation framework for the Swachh Bharat Mission - Urban (SBM-U). The survey was designed to foster a spirit of healthy competition among cities and towns to improve their service delivery to citizens and move towards creating cleaner cities. It evaluates urban local bodies on various parameters such as waste collection, processing, disposal, and sustainable sanitation. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is not the nodal agency for this urban cleanliness initiative.

Explanation

Humidity is the measure of the amount of water vapor present in the atmosphere. The rate of evaporation is inversely proportional to the humidity of the surrounding air. At any given temperature, the air can only hold a specific maximum amount of water vapor. When the humidity is low, the air is relatively dry and far from its saturation point, which creates a significant concentration gradient between the liquid surface and the atmosphere. This allows water molecules to escape from the liquid phase into the gaseous phase more easily and rapidly. Therefore, a decrease in the moisture content of the air directly enhances the capacity of the air to absorb more vapor, resulting in an increased rate of evaporation.

Explanation

The International Boxing Association officially designated Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, as the host city for the 2023 Men's World Boxing Championships. This selection was announced by the IBA leadership in 2021, recognizing Uzbekistan's significant sports infrastructure and its prominent standing in the global boxing community. As a powerhouse in amateur boxing, Uzbekistan provided the necessary venues and organizational capacity to host the biennial event, which brought together elite male boxers from around the world to compete for gold medals and championship titles across multiple weight divisions.