SSC CGL Tier 1 2010 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

The relationship between the first pair of letter groups follows a sequential pattern of positional shifts in the English alphabet: +1, -1, +1, and -1. In the first term AZCX, adding 1 to A gives B, subtracting 1 from Z gives Y, adding 1 to C gives D, and subtracting 1 from X gives W, resulting in BYDW. Applying this same logic to the third term HQJO, the first letter H moves forward by one to I, the second letter Q moves backward by one to P, the third letter J moves forward by one to K, and the fourth letter O moves backward by one to N. This process results in the sequence IPKN.

Explanation

The relationship between the first pair of letter groups is established by subtracting and adding 4 to the alphabetical positions of the characters alternately. Specifically, the pattern is -4, +4, -4, +4.

For the first pair QIOK : MMKO: Q (17) - 4 = 13 (M) I (9) + 4 = 13 (M) O (15) - 4 = 11 (K) K (11) + 4 = 15 (O)

Applying this same pattern to YAWC: Y (25) - 4 = 21 (U) A (1) + 4 = 5 (E) W (23) - 4 = 19 (S) C (3) + 4 = 7 (G)

Following this logic, the corresponding group for YAWC is UESG.

Explanation

The pattern follows a logic where the letter in the denominator represents the sum of the alphabetical positions of the three letters in the numerator. Assigning numerical values to letters where A=1, B=2, C=3, …, Z=26, the relationship is established as follows.

For the first term ABC/F, the sum is 1 + 2 + 3 = 6, which corresponds to the 6th letter F. For the second term BCD/I, the sum is 2 + 3 + 4 = 9, which corresponds to the 9th letter I. For the third term CDE/L, the sum is 3 + 4 + 5 = 12, which corresponds to the 12th letter L.

Following the sequence of numerators (ABC, BCD, CDE), the next numerator is DEF. The numerical positions for these letters are D=4, E=5, and F=6. Calculating their sum gives 4 + 5 + 6 = 15. The 15th letter of the alphabet is O. Combining the numerator and denominator results in DEF/O.

Explanation

The relationship in the given analogy is based on the cubes of consecutive natural numbers. The first number is 1³ = 1 and the second number is 2³ = 8. In the next pair, the third number is 3³ = 27. Following the same pattern, the missing number must be the cube of the next consecutive integer, which is 4³ = 64.

Explanation

The relationship follows the pattern x² - 1 : x³ + 1 for a given integer x. In the first pair, 5² - 1 = 24 and 5³ + 1 = 126. Applying the same logic to the second pair, 48 can be expressed as 7² - 1. Therefore, the required number is 7³ + 1 = 343 + 1 = 344.

Explanation

The relationship in this analogy is based on the numerical position of letters in the English alphabet, where A=1, B=2, C=3, D=4, E=5, F=6, G=7, H=8, and I=9. In the first set, the digits 9, 8, and 7 directly correspond to the 9th letter I, the 8th letter H, and the 7th letter G, forming the string IHG. Applying this same logic to the second set, the digits 6, 5, and 4 correspond to the 6th letter F, the 5th letter E, and the 4th letter D, resulting in the sequence FED.

Explanation

A veranda is an open, roofed porch or gallery attached to the exterior of a building. It is defined by its open-air nature, whereas the other terms in the group refer to fully enclosed indoor rooms or compartments. This fundamental difference in being an open space rather than a four-walled enclosure makes it the odd one out.

Explanation

A sonata is a musical composition or a specific structure of music typically played by one or more instruments. While the mouth organ, electric guitar, and keyboard are physical musical instruments used to generate sound, a sonata refers to the arrangement and form of the music being performed rather than the tool used to play it.

Explanation

The given options consist of three English alphabetic characters and one numeric digit. A, D, and E are letters of the alphabet, whereas 1 is a number. Therefore, the numeral represents a different category from the letters, making it the odd element in the group.

Explanation

The letter cluster RPOQ is the odd one out because it follows a different numerical pattern based on the alphabetical positions of its letters. In the English alphabet, the positions for R, P, O, and Q are 18, 16, 15, and 17 respectively. The differences between consecutive letters in this cluster are -2 (18 to 16), -1 (16 to 15), and +2 (15 to 17). This pattern of -2, -1, +2 deviates from the uniform sequence of -4, -1, and +3 found in the other clusters in the set. For instance, the transition from the first to the second letter in all other options involves moving back 4 positions, whereas RPOQ only moves back 2 positions.

Explanation

The given letter groups follow a specific pattern where both the first and the last letters of the string are vowels. In ApqrL, while the first letter is the vowel A, the last letter is the consonant L. All other options consist of strings that strictly begin and end with vowels from the set A, E, I, O, U.

Explanation

In the number 4867, the sum of the first two digits (4 + 8 = 12) is one less than the sum of the last two digits (6 + 7 = 13). This differs from the pattern followed by the other numbers, where the sum of the first two digits is consistently one greater than the sum of the last two digits. For instance, in 6243 and 2643, the first two digits sum to 8 while the last two sum to 7, and in 8465, the first two digits sum to 12 while the last two sum to 11.

Explanation

The logic is based on the difference between the two numbers in each pair. In the first three options, the subtraction of the second number from the first results in a constant value of 16, as seen in 49 - 33 = 16, 62 - 46 = 16, and 83 - 67 = 16. However, in option d, the calculation 70 - 55 = 15 yields a different result.

Explanation

The given set (6, 14, 30) follows a logic where the difference between consecutive numbers doubles at each step. Calculating the differences, the first gap is 14 - 6 = 8 and the second gap is 30 - 14 = 16. Since 16 = 2 × 8, the second difference is exactly twice the first. In the set (7, 12, 22), the first difference is 12 - 7 = 5 and the second difference is 22 - 12 = 10. Because 10 = 2 × 5, this set maintains the identical mathematical relationship where the interval between terms is multiplied by two as the series progresses. Alternatively, both sets follow a linear recurrence of the form xₙ₊₁ = 2xₙ + k, where k is a constant unique to the set. For the original set k = 2, and for this set k = -2.

Explanation

The words represent a logical hierarchical progression of social and geographical organization, arranged from the smallest individual unit to the largest entity. The sequence begins with a Member (C), who is the basic component of a Family (A). Multiple families interacting or residing together form a Community (B). A group of communities located within a specific geographic area constitutes a Locality (D). Finally, various localities and regions collectively form the administrative and sovereign entity known as a Country (E).

Explanation

To arrange words in dictionary order, we compare the letters of each word sequentially from left to right. All five words share the same first three letters TOR. Comparing the fourth letter of each word, we find O in TORONTO, P in TORPED, S in TORSEL, T in TORTOISE, and U in TORUS. In the alphabet, the sequence of these fourth letters is O followed by P, then S, then T, and finally U. This alphabetical sequence dictates the order as TORONTO (B), TORPED (C), TORSEL (E), TORTOISE (A), and TORUS (D), which matches the sequence B, C, E, A, D.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where the letters are organized into alternating groups of three and four characters: aab and aaab.

By sequentially placing the letters from option a (abaaaa) into the gaps of the series, we complete this repeating structure:

The first gap is filled with a, forming the first group: aab (positions 1-3). The second gap is filled with b, completing the first group: aab. The next segment is already provided as aaab (positions 4-7). The third gap is filled with a, forming the third group: aab (positions 8-10). The fourth gap is filled with a, completing the fourth group: aaab (positions 11-14). The fifth and sixth gaps are filled with a and a respectively, starting the next sequence.

The completed series is: aab / aaab / aab / aaab / aa.

This structure consistently alternates between a group with two a's followed by a b, and a group with three a's followed by a b. Placing the letters a, b, a, a, a, a into the gaps maintains this logical progression throughout the series.

Explanation

The given sequence is an alternating series composed of two independent patterns merged together.

The first sub-series consists of the letters at the odd-numbered positions: a, c, e, g. In terms of alphabetical rank, these are 1, 3, 5, 7. This follows a pattern of adding 2 to the position of the previous letter (+2). The next term in this sub-series, which occupies the ninth position in the overall sequence, is 7 + 2 = 9, corresponding to the letter i.

The second sub-series consists of the letters at the even-numbered positions: r, s, t. In terms of alphabetical rank, these are 18, 19, 20. This follows a pattern of consecutive letters, or adding 1 to the position of the previous letter (+1). The next term in this sub-series, which occupies the eighth position in the overall sequence, is 20 + 1 = 21, corresponding to the letter u.

Combining these results, the eighth and ninth terms of the sequence are u and i.

Explanation

The sequence follows a mathematical pattern where each subsequent letter is determined by adding 3 to the numerical position of the preceding letter in the English alphabet (A=1, B=2, …, Z=26). The rule for the entire series is Lₙ₊₁ = (Lₙ + 3) 26. This +3 increment is consistent both within each five-letter group and in the transition between groups.

Looking at the second term PSVYB, the alphabet positions are 16, 19, 22, 25, and 2. To find the missing first term, we work backward from the first letter of the second term, P(16). The last letter of the missing term must be 16 - 3 = 13, which corresponds to M. Continuing this backward subtraction of 3 for the remaining positions, we get 13 - 3 = 10 (J), 10 - 3 = 7 (G), 7 - 3 = 4 (D), and 4 - 3 = 1 (A). Arranging these in the forward order gives the group A, D, G, J, M. The consistency of the pattern is further verified by the transition from the end of this group to the next (M+3=P) and the transitions between all subsequent groups provided in the question.

Explanation

The series follows the mathematical pattern Tₙ = n³ - n² or Tₙ = n²(n - 1), where n represents the position of the term in the sequence.

Substituting the values for n: For n = 1: 1³ - 1² = 1 - 1 = 0 For n = 2: 2³ - 2² = 8 - 4 = 4 For n = 3: 3³ - 3² = 27 - 9 = 18 For n = 4: 4³ - 4² = 64 - 16 = 48 For n = 5: 5³ - 5² = 125 - 25 = 100 For n = 6: 6³ - 6² = 216 - 36 = 180

Alternatively, using the n²(n - 1) formula for the missing fifth term (n = 5): 5² × (5 - 1) = 25 × 4 = 100

The logic is also verified by the method of common differences. The first differences are 4, 14, 30, 52, 80; the second differences are 10, 16, 22, 28; and the third difference is constant at 6. Adding the next second difference (22) to the previous first difference (30) gives 52, and 48 + 52 = 100.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern where the difference between consecutive terms is halved at each step. Calculating the differences between the given numbers: 36 - 28 = 8 28 - 24 = 4 24 - 22 = 2 The differences are 8, 4, and 2, which form a geometric progression where each term is divided by 2. Consequently, the next difference in the sequence must be 2 ÷ 2 = 1. Applying this to the last term, the missing number is 22 - 1 = 21.

Explanation

The given sequence follows a pattern where the difference between consecutive terms doubles at each step. By calculating the differences between the terms, we observe: 9 - 7 = 2 13 - 9 = 4 21 - 13 = 8 37 - 21 = 16

The differences are 2, 4, 8, and 16, which can be represented as 2¹, 2², 2³, and 2⁴. To find the next term in the series, the next difference in this geometric progression should be 16 × 2 = 32 (or 2⁵). Adding this difference to the last term gives: 37 + 32 = 69

Explanation

The series follows an arithmetic progression where each successive number is obtained by adding 111 to the preceding number. Calculating the terms based on this common difference yields: 232 + 111 = 343 343 + 111 = 454 454 + 111 = 565 565 + 111 = 676 The value 564 breaks this sequence, as the fourth term should be 565 to maintain the constant addition. Furthermore, all other numbers in the series are palindromic integers where the first and last digits are identical and the middle digit is exactly one greater than the outer digits. The number 564 fails to meet both the arithmetic and the structural patterns of the series.

Explanation

Let x be the number of passengers originally in the bus. At the first stop, half left and 35 boarded, making the new total ˣ⁄₂ + 35. At the second stop, 1/5th of these passengers left, leaving 4/5th of them on the bus, and then 40 more boarded. This result is equal to 80.

The equation is: ⅘ ( ˣ⁄₂ + 35 ) + 40 = 80

Subtract 40 from both sides: ⅘ ( ˣ⁄₂ + 35 ) = 40

Multiply both sides by ⁵⁄₄: ˣ⁄₂ + 35 = 50

Subtract 35 from both sides: ˣ⁄₂ = 15

Multiply by 2: x = 30

Explanation

If the day after tomorrow is Sunday, then today is Friday because Sunday - 2 days = Friday. The question asks for the day that was tomorrow's day before yesterday. If today is Friday, tomorrow is Saturday. The day before yesterday relative to Saturday is determined by subtracting two days from Saturday, which results in Thursday (Saturday - 2 days = Thursday). Mathematically, the expression tomorrow's day before yesterday can be simplified as (Today + 1) - 2 = Today - 1, which is yesterday. Since today is Friday, the day before was Thursday.

Explanation

Based on the information provided, the son's present age S is calculated from the fact that he will be 15 years old in 3 years: S = 15 - 3 = 12 years. The man's age M is four times the son's age, so M = 4 × 12 = 48 years. Since the man is 3 years older than his wife, the wife's age W is M - 3. Substituting the man's age gives W = 48 - 3 = 45 years.

Explanation

X and Y are brothers, and since R is the father of Y, R is also the father of X. S is the maternal uncle of X, which means S is the brother of X's mother. The problem states that S is the brother of T, which implies that T is a sibling of the mother of X. For T to have a defined marital relationship with R in this context, T must be the mother of X. Given that R is the father and T is the mother of the same children, T is the wife of R.

Explanation

The rank of a person from the start can be calculated using the formula: Rank from start = (Total students - Rank from last) + 1.

Given that Ashok is 17th from the last in a class of 39 students, his rank from the start is 39 - 17 + 1 = 23rd. Suresh is 7 ranks ahead of Ashok, which means he holds a better rank (a lower numerical value). Therefore, Suresh's rank from the start is 23 - 7 = 16th.

Alternatively, since Suresh is 7 ranks ahead of Ashok, his position from the last is 17 + 7 = 24th. Using the same rank formula for Suresh, his rank from the start is 39 - 24 + 1 = 16th.

Explanation

The word RETINUE contains the letter U. Upon examining the original word INDETERMINATE, which consists of the letters I, N, D, E, T, R, M, and A, it is clear that the letter U is not present. Since the source word lacks the letter U, the word RETINUE cannot be formed.

Explanation

The given alphabets R, A, H, K, and S are assigned the numerical codes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively. To form a meaningful English word from these letters, they must be rearranged to spell SHARK. By substituting the specific numerical code for each letter in this sequence, S is represented by 5, H is represented by 3, A is represented by 2, R is represented by 1, and K is represented by 4. This results in the numerical code sequence 53214.

Explanation

The statement identifies theoretical education as a common cause for two distinct negative outcomes: a lack of economic advancement and a loss of confidence. Assumption 1 is not implicit because the statement mentions these two effects as co-occurring results of theoretical education without suggesting that economic development depends on confidence or vice versa. They are presented as parallel consequences rather than interdependent variables. Assumption 2 is not implicit because it directly contradicts the premise of the statement; while the statement asserts that theoretical education leads to a loss of confidence, the assumption claims it contributes positively to it. Since an assumption must be a foundational belief that supports the statement's logic, a contradictory claim cannot be considered implicit.

Explanation

According to the statement that all chairs are tables, the set of chairs is a subset of the set of tables. In formal logic, a universal affirmative proposition of the form All A is B implies a particular affirmative proposition of the form Some B is A through the process of conversion. Since every chair is a table, it is logically certain that those tables which are chairs exist within the intersection of the two sets. Thus, Conclusion I, which states that some tables are chairs, is a direct and valid inference from the given premises.

Explanation

The coding follows a direct letter-to-digit mapping based on the positions of the letters in the provided words. From the word HONESTY (5132468), we identify the following values: H = 5, O = 1, E = 2, S = 4. From the word POVERTY (7192068), we identify the additional value: R = 0. By extracting the corresponding digits for the letters in HORSE, we get H = 5, O = 1, R = 0, S = 4, and E = 2. Concatenating these digits in order yields the code 51042.

Explanation

The coding logic follows a pattern where each letter in the word is replaced by the letter immediately preceding it in the English alphabet. This can be represented by the formula n - 1, where n is the position of the letter. In the word SISTER, S becomes R, I becomes H, S becomes R, T becomes S, E becomes D, and R becomes Q. Applying the same rule to UNCLE, U moves one step back to T, N moves to M, C moves to B, L moves to K, and E moves to D. Therefore, UNCLE is written as TMBKD.

Explanation

The pattern identifies a mathematical relationship between the digits of each three-digit number. For a number represented by the digits ABC, the logic follows the formula (A ÷ B) + C.

Applying this to the given examples: For 841: (8 ÷ 4) + 1 = 2 + 1 = 3. For 633: (6 ÷ 3) + 3 = 2 + 3 = 5. For 425: (4 ÷ 2) + 5 = 2 + 5 = 7.

Using the same logic for 217: (2 ÷ 1) + 7 = 2 + 7 = 9.

Explanation

The mathematical logic governing these equations is that the number within the parentheses is the product of the two numbers flanking it. If we represent the structure as X(Y)Z, the relationship is defined by the formula Y = X × Z.

Applying this formula to the provided examples: For A, 51 × 14 = 714. For B, 61 × 15 = 915. For C, 71 × 16 = 1136.

Following this consistent property for the final equation D, where X = 81 and Z = 17, the value for Y is calculated as: Y = 81 × 17 = 1377

Explanation

To verify the statement, apply the interchanging rules to the original equation 5 ÷ 15 = 2. The instructions require interchanging the operators ÷ and =, as well as interchanging the digits 2 and 3.

Following these steps: Interchange ÷ and = ⟹ 5 = 15 ÷ 2 Interchange 2 and 3 ⟹ 5 = 15 ÷ 3

Evaluating the right-hand side of the transformed equation: 15 ÷ 3 = 5

Comparing both sides: 5 = 5

Since the left-hand side equals the right-hand side, the statement is mathematically correct after the specified modifications.

Explanation

To balance the equation 25 2 6 = 4 11 0, the asterisks must be replaced by the mathematical operators ×, -, ×, and + in that specific order.

Substituting these operators into the Left Hand Side (LHS) of the equation: 25 × 2 - 6 Applying the order of operations (multiplication before subtraction): 50 - 6 = 44

Substituting the operators into the Right Hand Side (RHS) of the equation: 4 × 11 + 0 Applying the order of operations (multiplication before addition): 44 + 0 = 44

Since the LHS (44) equals the RHS (44), the sequence of symbols ×, -, ×, and + correctly satisfies the mathematical identity.

Explanation

The sequence is formed by subtracting a decreasing series of integers from each preceding term. The pattern of differences between consecutive terms is as follows:

16 - 4 = 12 12 - 3 = 9 9 - 2 = 7

The values being subtracted are 4, 3, and 2, which form a descending sequence of consecutive integers. To find the next term in the series, the next integer in this descending sequence, which is 1, must be subtracted from the current term.

7 - 1 = 6

Explanation

Let the starting point be (0, 0). Peter moves 8 km West to reach the point (-8, 0). He then turns right, which directs him North, and walks 3 km to reach (-8, 3). Finally, he turns right again to face East and walks 12 km. His final position is (-8 + 12, 3), which simplifies to (4, 3). The distance from the starting point (0, 0) to the final point (4, 3) is calculated using the distance formula, which is the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle with a base of 4 km and a height of 3 km. According to the Pythagorean theorem, the distance is √(4² + 3²) = √(16 + 9) = √(25) = 5 km.