RRB NTPC CBT 1 2026 General Awareness Questions with Solutions

Explanation

The Harappan civilization primarily sourced its copper from the Khetri region of Rajasthan. Archaeological evidence indicates extensive interaction between Harappan settlements and the local Ganeshwar-Jodhpura culture of Rajasthan, which possessed rich copper reserves and supplied copper ore as well as finished copper artifacts to major Indus Valley sites.

Explanation

Exercise Talisman Sabre 2025 is a major biennial multinational military exercise led and hosted by Australia in partnership with the United States. The 11th edition involved over 35,000 military personnel from 19 nations, including active participation from the Indian Armed Forces, focusing on amphibious operations, field training, and multi-domain warfighting capabilities across air, land, maritime, space, and cyber domains to enhance regional security in the Indo-Pacific.

Explanation

Tughlaq Nama was composed by the 14th-century poet and scholar Amir Khusrau, not Abul Fazl. The historical poem describes the rise of Ghiyas ud-Din Tughlaq, the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty, and his campaign against Khusrau Khan. Abul Fazl was the grand vizier and court historian of Mughal Emperor Akbar, best known for authoring the Akbarnama and Ain-i-Akbari.

Explanation

Under Article 32 of the Indian Constitution, the Supreme Court is empowered to issue writs including Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Quo-Warranto, and Certiorari for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights. Similarly, Article 226 empowers the High Courts to issue writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights as well as for any other purpose. Both the Supreme Court and High Courts act as guarantors and protectors of Fundamental Rights through their writ jurisdiction.

Explanation

The Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) was launched on 10 September 2020 under the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying. It is a flagship scheme aimed at bringing about a Blue Revolution through the sustainable and responsible development of the fisheries sector in India, with an estimated investment of ₹20,050 crore over a period of five financial years from 2020-21 to 2024-25.

Explanation

The Kailasanatha Temple at Kanchipuram, commissioned in the early 8th century CE by the Pallava king Narasimhavarman II (Rajasimha), is a landmark example of early structural Dravidian architecture. The entire superstructure, including the main sanctum, vimana (tower), outer walls, and surrounding sub-shrines, was constructed using carved blocks of sandstone. The relatively soft nature of sandstone enabled Pallava craftsmen to execute intricate relief sculptures depicting various forms of Lord Shiva and other deities throughout the complex.

Explanation

The introduction of iron technology during the early Iron Age provided tools with superior strength and durability. Heavy iron axes allowed for the clearing of dense forests, particularly in fertile river basins, while iron ploughshares made it possible to effectively till and turn heavy, sticky, clay-rich alluvial soils that could not be tilled with softer materials. This technological advancement facilitated deep ploughing, significantly increased agricultural productivity, and enabled permanent settlement in riverine plains.

Explanation

Panihari is a traditional folk music style of Rajasthan, sung mainly by women while carrying water from wells. Khongjom Parba is a popular musical ballad form from Manipur that commemorates the heroics of Manipuri warriors in the 1891 Anglo-Manipur War. Wanawan is a traditional wedding song form performed during marriage ceremonies in Jammu and Kashmir. Baul refers to the mystic devotional folk music tradition originating from West Bengal.

Explanation

Boyle's law states that at a constant temperature, the absolute pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies. Mathematically, it is expressed as P × V = k, where P is pressure, V is volume, and k is a constant. This law directly defines the relationship between volume and pressure of a gas.

Explanation

In December 2025, the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) rationalised the unified tariff structure for natural gas transportation by reducing tariff zones from three to two (up to 300 km and beyond 300 km). Under this reform, all compressed natural gas (CNG) and domestic piped natural gas (PNG) consumers nationwide were made eligible for the Zone-1 tariff rate of ₹54 per MMBtu regardless of distance. This rationalisation was projected to reduce annual transportation costs for the city gas distribution (CGD) sector by approximately ₹1,000 crore, translating directly to lower delivered prices for CNG and PNG consumers across the country.

Explanation

An output device is a hardware component that receives processed data from a computer system and converts it into a human-perceivable format, such as visual displays, audio, or printed text and graphics. Since a printer receives digital information from the computer and produces a physical output in the form of a hard copy on paper, it functions as an output device.

Explanation

Under Paragraph 2(2) of the Tenth Schedule added to the Constitution of India by the 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1985, an independent member of Parliament or a State Legislature incurs disqualification from the House if they join any political party after their election. Independent members are mandated to maintain their non-partisan status throughout their term to preserve the integrity of the mandate given to them by the electorate as non-party candidates.

Explanation

Atmiya Sabha was established in 1814 in Calcutta by Raja Ram Mohan Roy as a philosophical discussion circle to promote monotheistic beliefs and campaign against idol worship and superstitious religious rituals, rather than in 1824.

Explanation

In Windows 11, the asterisk (*) acts as a wildcard character that represents any number of missing or unknown characters in a search term. Placing an asterisk before, after, or within a partial filename allows File Explorer to scan and return all files that match that specific pattern regardless of what characters precede or follow it.

Explanation

Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) store digital data on spinning platters coated with ferromagnetic material. Read/write heads floating directly above the spinning surfaces create and detect magnetic fields to alter and read the magnetic orientation of microscopic domains on the platters, representing binary bits (0s and 1s). This non-volatile magnetic recording technology enables high-capacity data storage that persists without electric power.

Explanation

Under the Right to Information Act, 2005, public interest serves as a ground for disclosing information rather than withholding it. Section 8(2) of the Act explicitly provides that a public authority may allow access to information if the public interest in disclosure outweighs any potential harm to protected interests, thereby functioning as a justification to mandate transparency rather than deny access.

Explanation

A Dynamic Link Library (.dll) file is a vital system file in the Windows operating system that contains executable code, data, and resources shared by multiple programs simultaneously. Windows relies on DLL files to perform essential operating system operations, handle system calls, manage hardware interfaces, and run core functionality efficiently without duplicating code across different applications.

Explanation

The UNESCO World Conference on Cultural Policies and Sustainable Development (MONDIACULT 2025) was hosted by the Government of Spain in Barcelona from 29 September to 1 October 2025 at the Centre de Convencions Internacional de Barcelona. MONDIACULT is the world's leading cultural policy forum, bringing together ministerial delegations and stakeholders from UNESCO Member States to establish the global cultural agenda and build momentum towards establishing culture as a stand-alone goal in the post-2030 sustainable development framework.

Explanation

Ousmane Dembélé was awarded the FIFA Men's Player of the Year at the FIFA Best Football Awards held in Doha, Qatar, in 2025.

Explanation

The Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat (PBBB) scheme was officially launched in August 2014 by the Ministry of Human Resource Development as a nationwide sub-programme under the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA). The initiative focuses on improving foundational literacy and numeracy skills, specifically targeting early reading, writing, and comprehension alongside basic mathematics for children in Class I and Class II.

Explanation

Article 243Q of the Constitution of India provides for the constitution of three types of urban local bodies based on the population and nature of the area. Under Article 243Q(1)(a), a Nagar Panchayat is constituted for a transitional area, which is defined as an area in transition from a rural area to an urban area.

Explanation

The Bundela Uprising of 1842 was an armed rebellion against the British East India Company in Central India, centered in the Sagar-Narmada (Saugor and Nerbudda) territories, which included Jabalpur, Sagar, Damoh, and Narsinghpur. Triggered by oppressive land revenue demands and high tax assessments (Malguzari system) under British rule, the uprising was led by prominent local lords and chieftains such as Jawahar Singh Bundela of Chandrapur, Madhukar Shah of Narhut, Hirde Shah Lodhi of Hirapur, and Gond chief Delan Shah. Rebel forces captured key police posts and freed significant territories across the region before British military forces suppressed the movement in 1843.

Explanation

Articles 5 to 11 contained in Part II of the Constitution of India deal with citizenship at the time of its commencement on 26 January 1950. Article 5 provides for citizenship by domicile, Articles 6 and 7 deal with rights of citizenship for persons migrating from and to Pakistan, Article 8 covers persons of Indian origin residing outside India, Article 9 deals with loss of citizenship upon voluntarily acquiring foreign citizenship, Article 10 guarantees continuance of citizenship rights, and Article 11 empowers Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.

Explanation

In November 2025, Godrej Aerospace delivered the first human-rated L110 stage Vikas engine to ISRO's Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre for the Gaganyaan mission. The Vikas engine is a high-thrust, liquid-fueled rocket engine that powers the core L110 stage of the Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3). The human-rated version incorporates enhanced safety features, structural redundancies, and fault-tolerant systems to meet the stringent safety standards required for human spaceflight missions.

Explanation

The keyboard shortcut Ctrl + C duplicates selected text or data to the system clipboard without removing it from the original location. The shortcut Ctrl + V then inserts the copied contents from the clipboard into the designated cursor location. Together, Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V serve as the standard global keyboard shortcut pair for copying and pasting text across computer operating systems.

Explanation

In Windows operating systems, the Recycle Bin is located by default on the Desktop. It serves as a temporary storage area for files and folders that have been deleted, allowing users to restore them if needed before they are permanently erased.

Explanation

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched on 25 December 2000 as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme in India. Its primary objective is to provide good quality, all-weather road connectivity to eligible unconnected rural habitations, thereby facilitating sustainable poverty reduction by improving rural access to markets, education, health care, and other social services.

Explanation

The Himachal or Lesser Himalayas, situated between the Himadri and the Shiwalik ranges, is home to major sub-ranges such as the Pir Panjal and Dhaula Dhar ranges. This rugged mountain system encompasses several famous fertile and scenic valleys, including the Valley of Kashmir, the Kangra Valley, and the Kullu Valley in Himachal Pradesh.

Explanation

The United Nations (UN) oversaw the international Treaty on Cybersecurity, officially known as the United Nations Convention against Cybercrime (or the Hanoi Convention). Negotiated under General Assembly Resolution 74/247 with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) serving as the secretariat, the text was adopted by the UN General Assembly in December 2024. It officially opened for signature at a UN-sponsored high-level ceremony held in Hanoi, Vietnam, in October 2025 to establish a universal legal framework for international cooperation against cyber-enabled and cyber-dependent crimes.

Explanation

Composite volcanoes are called stratovolcanoes because they are constructed from sequential layers, or strata, of hardened lava, volcanic ash, pumice, and tephra. These layers accumulate over repeated eruptive cycles involving both explosive eruptions of fragmental material and effusive lava flows, resulting in a tall, steep-sided, conical structure.

Explanation

CSV (Comma-Separated Values) is a plain-text file format specifically designed for storing structured, tabular data. In a CSV file, each line corresponds to a data row, and values within each row are separated by a delimiter, usually a comma. Due to its simple and standardized structure, it is universally compatible with and easily imported into virtually all spreadsheet applications such as Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets, and LibreOffice Calc.

Explanation

A Sattvic diet is based on Ayurvedic principles and emphasizes pure, fresh, natural, and minimally processed foods that promote clarity, health, and peace of mind. Whole, nutrient-dense grains such as red rice and unpolished rice retain their natural bran layer, germ, and vital nutrients, making them rich in prana (vital energy) and ideal for sustaining physical vitality and mental harmony.

Explanation

When an object is placed between the pole and the focus of a concave mirror, the reflected rays diverge and do not intersect in front of the mirror. Extending these reflected rays backwards behind the mirror causes them to meet at a point, producing a virtual, upright (erect), and magnified image behind the mirror.

Explanation

The Battle of Wandiwash was fought on 22 January 1760 between the British forces led by Sir Eyre Coote and the French forces commanded by Count de Lally. Occurring near Wandiwash (now Vandavasi in Tamil Nadu) during the Third Carnatic War, this decisive confrontation resulted in a complete victory for the British, effectively crushing French ambitions of establishing an empire in India and solidifying British supremacy over the subcontinent.

Explanation

The Kailasa Temple (Cave 16) at Ellora is a monolithic rock-cut monument constructed under the patronage of the Rashtrakuta king Krishna I in the 8th century CE. Excavated vertically downwards from a single massive basalt rock cliff, this engineering marvel displays the Dravidian architectural style and features intricate relief sculptures depicting scenes from Hindu mythology.

Explanation

Under Section 43 of the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020, women are entitled to work in all establishments and across all types of work. This provision explicitly permits female employees to work night shifts (before 6:00 a.m. and after 7:00 p.m.), provided that the employer obtains their explicit consent and ensures compliance with prescribed safety, transport, working hours, and security safeguards.

Explanation

Before ascending the Mauryan throne, Ashoka was appointed by his father, King Bindusara, as the viceroy (governor or Kumara) of the Avanti region, headquartered at Ujjain. Ujjain was a vital strategic and commercial centre connecting major trade routes in ancient India, making it a key administrative assignment for the young prince to gain crucial experience in governance and military leadership.

Explanation

Article 256 of the Constitution of India deals with the obligation of States and the Union. It mandates that the executive power of every State shall be exercised to ensure compliance with Parliament's laws. To enforce this, the executive power of the Union extends to issuing appropriate directions to a State as may appear necessary to the Government of India for that purpose.

Explanation

Article 15(3) of the Constitution of India empowers the State to make special provisions for the welfare and advancement of women and children. While Article 15(1) generally prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth, Article 15(3) acts as an enabling clause that allows affirmative action, protective legislation, and targeted welfare schemes specifically designed to uplift women and safeguard child welfare.

Explanation

In 2004, Tamil became the first language in India to be granted official status as a Classical Language by the Government of India. This status was established to accord special recognition and support to languages with an ancient, high literary tradition dating back over 1,500 to 2,000 years.

Explanation

Manila hemp, commercially known as abacá, is a natural leaf fiber obtained from Musa textilis, a species of plant native to the Philippines. Named after the country's capital, Manila, the fiber is renowned for its exceptional tensile strength, flexibility, and resistance to saltwater damage. The Philippines is the world's primary producer and exporter of Manila hemp, which is widely used in making marine cordage, craft items, specialized paper, and textiles.

Explanation

The Home Rule Movement in India was launched in 1916 by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant. Tilak founded his Indian Home Rule League at Belgaum in April 1916, while Annie Besant established the All India Home Rule League at Madras in September 1916. Aurobindo Ghosh was not involved in founding the Home Rule League, as he had retired from active political life and moved to Pondicherry in 1910.

Explanation

On 22 December 2025, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Rashtriya Raksha University (RRU) at South Block, New Delhi, in the presence of Defence Minister Rajnath Singh. The partnership aims to foster collaboration in research, education, training, and technology support for defence and internal security, enhancing national security preparedness and supporting the vision of Aatmanirbhar Bharat.

Explanation

Article 63 provides that there shall be a Vice-President of India. Article 64 specifies that the Vice-President shall be the ex-officio Chairman of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha). Article 65 lays down that the Vice-President shall act as President or discharge the functions of the President during casual vacancies or during the absence of the President. Article 66 prescribes the procedure for the election of the Vice-President by an electoral college consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament. All four given pairs accurately represent their respective constitutional provisions.

Explanation

The Preamble to the Constitution of India sets out the basic philosophy, fundamental values, and overarching vision upon which the Constitution is constructed. It acts as a key to open the mind of the constitution-makers and serves as an interpretive tool or guiding light for the judiciary when constitutional provisions are ambiguous or capable of multiple meanings. It helps courts elucidate the true intent, spirit, and grand purpose of the constitutional text during legal interpretation.

Explanation

Ernest Rutherford, along with Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden, conducted the alpha-particle scattering experiment using thin gold foil in 1911. When fast-moving positively charged alpha particles were directed at the gold foil, a small fraction of them deflected at very large angles, and a few bounced straight back. This demonstrated that nearly all the positive charge and mass of the atom are concentrated in an extremely small, dense region at the center, leading to the discovery of the atomic nucleus.

Explanation

Jhunjhunu and Alwar districts in Rajasthan are major centers for copper production in India. Jhunjhunu houses the famous Khetri Copper Belt, where extensive copper mining and smelting operations are conducted by Hindustan Copper Limited. Alwar district is well known for its rich copper deposits, particularly in the Kho-Dariba area. Together, these regions contribute significantly to Rajasthan's position as one of the top copper-producing states in the country.

Explanation

In 1950-51, agriculture and allied sectors contributed around 53% to India's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). By 2016-17, this share registered a significant reduction to nearly 15%. This structural transformation of the Indian economy occurred because the industrial and service sectors grew at a substantially faster pace over the structural planning period.

Explanation

Ustad Ahmad Lahori was the chief architect of the Taj Mahal in Agra, constructed under the patronage of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan between 1632 and 1648 in memory of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Renowned for his expertise in geometry and architecture, he synthesized Persian, Islamic, and Indian design traditions to create the monumental white marble mausoleum. The Taj Mahal was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

Explanation

The Canary Current is a cold surface ocean current that forms part of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre in the North Atlantic Ocean. It flows southwards along the western coast of North Africa, running from the Iberian Peninsula down to Cape Verde, before turning westward to join the Atlantic North Equatorial Current.