RRB NTPC CBT 1 2026 General Awareness Questions with Solutions

Explanation

In hibernation mode, a computer saves its current system state, including all open files and running applications from RAM, onto the non-volatile secondary storage like a hard disk or solid-state drive. Once the data is saved, the system completely powers down, consuming virtually zero electrical power, which represents the minimum power usage among all operating and standby modes.

Explanation

The theme for World Mental Health Day 2025, established by the World Federation for Mental Health and recognized globally including by the WHO, is focused on mental health in humanitarian emergencies. Option A accurately represents this theme.

Explanation

Raut Nacha is a traditional folk dance performed by the Yadavas (Rauts) of Chhattisgarh, who consider themselves descendants of Lord Krishna. Performed around Dev Uthani Ekadashi after Diwali, the dance form represents worship, devotion, and memories of Lord Krishna, depicting his life, heroism, and victories over evil.

Explanation

The Rig Veda is the oldest known Vedic Sanskrit text, composed between 1500 BCE and 1000 BCE. It is a collection of 1,028 hymns (suktas) organized into 10 books known as Mandalas, containing over 10,000 verses dedicated to various Vedic deities such as Agni, Indra, Varuna, and Soma.

Explanation

Panaji Port is a minor port managed by the State Government of Goa through the Goa Maritime Board. The Port Modernization and Maritime Infrastructure Expansion initiatives under the Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047 (MAKV 2047) focus specifically on deep-draft major ports under the Union Government to build mega ports, develop green hydrogen hubs, and improve vessel turnaround time. Consequently, Panaji Port is not identified among the primary major port authorities targeted for major infrastructure expansion and mega-port status under MAKV 2047.

Explanation

Latent heat is the heat energy transferred per unit mass of a substance during a change of phase (such as melting, freezing, or vaporization) without any change in its temperature. It is given by the formula L = Q / m, where Q is the heat energy supplied or released and m is the mass of the substance.

Explanation

The Global Methane Status Report 2025 was jointly released by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) during the COP30 summit in Belém, Brazil. The report tracks global progress under the Global Methane Pledge, highlighting that human-caused methane emissions continue to rise despite policy advancements. Because methane is a powerful short-lived climate pollutant responsible for nearly one-third of global warming to date, the report emphasizes the necessity of immediate, scaled-up action across the energy, agriculture, and waste sectors to meet global climate goals.

Explanation

A neutralisation reaction is a chemical reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to form a salt and water. In an aqueous solution, the hydrogen ions (H⁺) provided by the acid combine with the hydroxide ions (OH⁻) provided by the base to form water (H₂O), while the remaining positive and negative ions join together to produce an ionic salt.

Explanation

On November 13, 2025, a Supreme Court bench comprising Chief Justice B. R. Gavai and Justice K. Vinod Chandran issued a ruling prohibiting mining activities within national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and an area of one kilometre from their boundaries across India. The Court observed that mining within this buffer zone poses severe hazards to wildlife and ecological balance. Extending its earlier Goa Foundation judgment nationwide, the apex court directed that no mining leases, fresh operations, or expansions shall be permissible within the designated one-kilometre zone around all protected areas.

Explanation

Section 10 of the Citizenship Act, 1955 empowers the Central Government to deprive a person of Indian citizenship through compulsory termination. This statutory provision applies when a citizen shows disloyalty or disaffection towards the Constitution of India, unlawfully trades or communicates with an enemy during a war, acts against the sovereignty, integrity, or interests of India, or obtains citizenship through fraud, false representation, or concealment of material facts.

Explanation

Article 5 of the Constitution of India deals with citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution on January 26, 1950. It stipulates that any person who had their domicile in the territory of India and satisfied any one of three conditions automatically became a citizen. Clause (b) of Article 5 explicitly specifies one such basis: either of the person's parents was born in the territory of India.

Explanation

The Tax Reforms Committee, constituted in August 1991 under the chairmanship of Dr. Raja J. Chelliah, recommended the abolition of wealth tax on productive assets such as shares, securities, bank deposits, and other financial investments. The objective was to encourage capital formation and formal investment in the economy. The committee suggested confining the levy of wealth tax strictly to non-productive or unproductive assets like jewelry, bullion, motor cars, and residential properties. This structural reform aimed to simplify the tax framework, broaden the tax base, and boost financial savings.

Explanation

Diligence is a fundamental characteristic of a computer system that enables it to perform repetitive tasks continuously with consistent accuracy and speed without suffering from fatigue, boredom, or a drop in concentration. Unlike human beings, a computer maintains identical efficiency even when processing millions of routine operations indefinitely.

Explanation

In 1318, the poet and scholar Amir Khusrau observed that while every region in the subcontinent had its own local spoken dialect, Sanskrit was an ancient classical language not tied to any single region. He noted that common people did not know or speak it, and its knowledge was restricted solely to the Brahmanas who used it for sacred texts and scholarly communication.

Explanation

Intensive farming relies on applying high amounts of capital, labor, and inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides to a smaller land area to maximize output per unit area. In contrast, extensive farming involves minimal inputs of labor and capital spread over a vast expanse of land, resulting in lower yields relative to the area farmed. Production density per unit of land is the primary parameter differentiating these two agricultural approaches.

Explanation

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), in collaboration with MyGov, launched a nationwide mass mobilization campaign under the theme "One Nation, One Mission: End Plastic Pollution" in the run-up to World Environment Day 2025. Aligned with the global focus on ending plastic pollution and India's Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) framework, the initiative aimed to encourage behavioral change, promote sustainable eco-friendly alternatives, and strengthen plastic waste management through collective action across the country.

Explanation

Earth's magnetic field is generated through the geodynamo mechanism operating in the liquid outer core. Composed primarily of molten iron and nickel, the outer core undergoes strong thermal and compositional convection. As this electrically conductive fluid moves, it interacts with magnetic fields to generate electric currents. The Earth's rotation introduces the Coriolis force, which aligns these convective fluid columns along the rotational axis, creating a self-sustaining geomagnetic field.

Explanation

The first e-Lok Adalat in India was organized in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure uninterrupted access to justice through video conferencing and virtual platforms. Benches were set up across courts, allowing litigants and lawyers to resolve pending and pre-litigation disputes online without physical court appearances.

Explanation

Raganis are the traditional folk songs of Haryana that form a central part of the state's cultural heritage. They are narrative songs sung in regional dialects, frequently performed as part of Swang, the traditional folk theatre of Haryana, or in dedicated musical gatherings. Raganis cover a wide array of themes including historical legends, mythological stories, social commentary, and romantic folklore in a distinct rhythmic style.

Explanation

Professor Vasant Shinde, former Vice-Chancellor of Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute in Pune, led a major multi-disciplinary excavation and scientific study at the Rakhigarhi site in Haryana starting in 2013. In collaboration with international institutions, including Seoul National University and the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, his team conducted extensive excavations focused on the Harappan cemetery. This landmark project successfully extracted and sequenced ancient DNA from human skeletal remains, providing crucial scientific insights into the genetic ancestry, health, diet, and burial practices of the Indus Valley Civilization.

Explanation

World Polio Day is observed globally on October 24 to raise awareness about polio eradication and honor the contributions of healthcare workers and researchers. The global campaign theme for World Polio Day 2025 was "End Polio: Every Child, Every Vaccine, Everywhere". This theme emphasizes the three critical pillars of complete eradication: reaching every child regardless of geographic or socio-economic barriers, ensuring full vaccination coverage, and extending immunization efforts across all communities worldwide.

Explanation

Xylem is the specialized complex vascular tissue in plants responsible for transporting water and dissolved mineral nutrients upward from the roots to the stems and leaves. This unidirectional transport occurs through non-living conducting cells, mainly tracheids and vessel elements, driven primarily by transpirational pull and root pressure.

Explanation

The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 granted constitutional status to urban local bodies by inserting Part IX-A, titled "The Municipalities", containing Articles 243-P to 243-ZG. Article 243-Q provides for three types of municipalities in every state: a Nagar Panchayat for transitional areas, a Municipal Council for smaller urban areas, and a Municipal Corporation for larger urban areas. The Act introduced the 12th Schedule with 18 functional items, whereas the 10th Schedule pertains to anti-defection provisions added by the 52nd Amendment Act.

Explanation

Pulakesin II, the most famous ruler of the Badami Chalukya dynasty, defeated the northern emperor Harshavardhana on the banks of the Narmada River around 618–619 CE. Harshavardhana attempted to expand his empire into the Deccan, but Pulakesin II successfully halted his southern advance. This victory is recorded in the Aihole inscription composed by court poet Ravikirti, which notes that Harsha lost his joy upon defeat. Following this triumph, Pulakesin II assumed the title of Paramesvara (Supreme Lord).

Explanation

Piyush Goyal serves as the Cabinet Minister for the Ministry of Commerce and Industry in the Union Council of Ministers. He retained this portfolio following the formation of the 18th Lok Sabha, continuing to oversee India's foreign trade policy, international trade negotiations, industrial promotion, and domestic commerce strategies.

Explanation

The garbhagriha of the Lakshmana Temple at Khajuraho, built by Chandela king Yashovarman in the 10th century CE, houses a tri-headed or four-faced image of Vaikuntha Vishnu (Chaturmukha Vishnu). Iconographically, this composite depiction of Lord Vishnu features a central human face (Vasudeva), a lion face (Narasimha), a boar face (Varaha), and a rear demonic or Kapila face.

Explanation

James Anderson was knighted for his outstanding services to cricket following his retirement from international cricket in 2024, receiving his honor at Windsor Castle.

Explanation

According to the 2011 Census of India, Arunachal Pradesh recorded the lowest population density among all Indian states, with only 17 persons per square kilometer. The state's rugged mountainous terrain, extensive forest cover, and difficult geographical conditions severely restrict large-scale human settlement, leading to an exceptionally sparse distribution of population across its territory.

Explanation

Black soil, also known as Regur soil or Black Cotton soil, is the most suitable soil for growing cotton in India. Formed from volcanic basalt rock, it has a high clay content and excellent moisture-retention capacity, allowing it to hold water for extended periods during dry spells. It is naturally rich in essential plant nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash, and lime, providing ideal agro-climatic conditions for the cultivation of cotton, particularly across the Deccan Trap region.

Explanation

The Union Cabinet approved the Employment Linked Incentive (ELI) Scheme, titled 'Pradhan Mantri Viksit Bharat Rozgar Yojana' (PMVBRY), on 1 July 2025. Originally announced in the Union Budget 2024-25 under the Prime Minister's Package for Employment and Skilling, the scheme carries a total budgetary outlay of ₹99,446 crore. Implemented by the Ministry of Labour and Employment through the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO), it aims to incentivize the creation of over 3.5 crore jobs over a two-year period by offering financial incentives directly to first-time formal sector employees and employers.

Explanation

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization's Global Forest Resources Assessment (GFRA) 2025, India moved up to the 9th position globally in total forest area. The country holds approximately 72.74 million hectares of forest, accounting for roughly 2% of the world's total forest cover. This represents an advancement from India's 10th position in the previous GFRA assessment. Additionally, India maintained its 3rd rank worldwide in terms of average annual net gain in forest area.

Explanation

A file with the .msi extension represents a Microsoft Installer package, which contains all the necessary data, instructions, and files required to install, modify, update, or remove a software application in the Windows operating system. It relies on the Windows Installer service to execute standardized installation procedures, manage system dependencies, write configuration settings to the Windows Registry, and support feature-based rollbacks if an error occurs during setup.

Explanation

The Taiga natural region, also known as the boreal forest or subarctic region, is characterized by vast belts of evergreen needle-leaf coniferous trees such as pine, spruce, fir, and larch. Spanning high northern latitudes across Eurasia and North America just south of the tundra, it experiences long, severely cold winters and short, cool summers, making coniferous growth the dominant natural vegetation.

Explanation

Dadabhai Naoroji, known as the Grand Old Man of India, authored the book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India, published in 1901. In this landmark work, he propounded the Drain of Wealth theory, utilizing official British documents and statistical evidence to show how Indian wealth was systematically transferred to Britain without adequate material or financial returns. This continuous economic drain through home charges, pensions, interest payments, and trade imbalances was highlighted by Naoroji as the primary cause of India's extreme poverty.

Explanation

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar established the Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha on 20 July 1924 in Bombay (now Mumbai) to address the grievances of marginalized and depressed classes. The central objective of the organization was to promote education, culture, and socio-economic upliftment among the underprivileged. The official motto of the Sabha was "Educate, Agitate, Organize".

Explanation

The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 amends the Citizenship Act of 1955 to provide eligibility for Indian citizenship to persecuted religious minorities belonging to six specific communities—Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi, and Christian. To qualify under this provision, individuals from these communities must have entered India on or before 31st December 2014 from Pakistan, Bangladesh, or Afghanistan, and the Act reduces their required residency period for naturalisation from 11 years to 5 years.

Explanation

The Battle of Plassey, fought on 23 June 1757, was a decisive victory for the British East India Company led by Robert Clive over Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal. Clive conspired with Mir Jafar, the Nawab's commander-in-chief, securing a victory that installed a puppet ruler on the throne. This battle transformed the East India Company from a trading enterprise into a major political and territorial power, giving the British command over Bengal's vast revenues, which financed their subsequent military expansion across the Indian subcontinent.

Explanation

Reproduction is a fundamental biological process through which living organisms produce offspring, enabling the transfer of genetic material from one generation to the next and ensuring the continuity of species over time. Whether occurring through asexual mechanisms like binary fission in micro-organisms or sexual mechanisms in plants and animals, the capability for reproduction is a key property shared across all biological life forms.

Explanation

BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System. It is firmware stored on a ROM or flash memory chip on a computer's motherboard that initializes hardware components during the startup process through Power-On Self-Test (POST) and provides runtime services for operating systems and programs to interact with input/output devices.

Explanation

Kajri is a famous folk music genre originating from the Awadh and Bhojpuri regions of Uttar Pradesh, particularly around Mirzapur and Varanasi. Traditionally performed by women during the Hindu month of Shravan (monsoon season), these songs express feelings of longing and romance, using the arrival of dark rain clouds as a central motif.

Explanation

J.J. Thomson is credited with the discovery of the electron in 1897 through his experiments with cathode ray tubes. He showed that cathode rays consisted of negatively charged subatomic particles, much lighter than hydrogen atoms. His work proved that atoms are divisible and possess internal structure, earning him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1906.

Explanation

The Viksit Bharat—Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) (VB—G RAM G) Bill, 2025 was introduced in December 2025 to replace the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 (MGNREGA). The new legislation overhauls the rural employment framework by enhancing the statutory employment guarantee from 100 days to 125 days per rural household per financial year. It also introduces a revamped funding mechanism, integrated digital governance, and a focused approach on durable rural infrastructure aligned with the Viksit Bharat 2047 vision.

Explanation

Rural development is a comprehensive strategy aimed at improving the overall quality of life and economic well-being of people living in non-urban areas. It focuses on driving sustainable economic growth through agricultural advancement, infrastructure improvement, and job creation, while simultaneously ensuring social justice through poverty alleviation, equitable distribution of resources, and access to essential social services such as education, health, and sanitation.

Explanation

Myanmar shares a 1,643 km long land border with four northeastern Indian states: Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram. As the only member state of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) that shares a land border with India, Myanmar functions as a geographic bridge and strategic land gateway connecting South Asia to Southeast Asia, playing a central role in India's Act East Policy.

Explanation

MSConfig, officially known as System Configuration, is a built-in administrative utility in Windows used to configure startup settings and troubleshoot boot issues. It features dedicated tabs such as "Services" for enabling or disabling background system services and "Startup" for managing software applications that automatically execute during the Windows boot process.

Explanation

Article 156 of the Constitution of India deals with the term of office of the Governor. It explicitly states that the Governor holds office during the pleasure of the President, may resign from office by addressing a written resignation to the President, and, subject to these conditions, holds office for a term of five years from the date of entering upon office.

Explanation

A convex lens is a converging lens that is thicker at the center than at the edges. When parallel rays of light pass through a convex lens, refraction causes the light rays to bend inward and converge at a single point called the principal focus. Because of this converging property, it is widely used in optical instruments such as magnifying glasses, cameras, and telescopes to focus light and form clear images.

Explanation

On 10 November 2025, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) announced that the Region of the Americas lost its verification as free from endemic measles transmission. This decision followed the findings of the regional monitoring commission, which determined that endemic transmission of the virus had been reestablished in Canada after circulating continuously for 12 consecutive months. The resurgence was primarily driven by declining immunization coverage and gaps in population immunity across several countries in the region.

Explanation

The Senkaku Islands are a group of uninhabited islands located in the East China Sea that are under the administrative control of Japan, forming part of Ishigaki City in Okinawa Prefecture. Japan incorporated the islands into its territory in 1895 after confirming they were uninhabited, and it has maintained continuous effective control and governance over them ever since.

Explanation

The Sutta Pitaka is the second division of the Tripitaka (Pali Canon), which was committed to writing in Sri Lanka during the 1st century BCE under the patronage of King Vattagamani Abhaya. It consists of over 10,000 discourses and dialogues delivered by the Buddha and his primary disciples, outlining the fundamental doctrines, ethical principles, and philosophical teachings of early Buddhism.