RRB NTPC CBT 1 2026 General Awareness Questions with Solutions

Explanation

Pascal's law states that any pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished and equally in all directions throughout the fluid and to the walls of its container. Hydraulic devices, such as hydraulic lifts and hydraulic brakes, exploit this principle: a small force applied on a smaller piston generates fluid pressure that acts on a larger piston, producing a proportionally larger output force because Force = Pressure × Area.

Explanation

Turkey unveiled the Gazap (meaning "Wrath" in Turkish) conventional bomb at the 17th International Defence Industry Fair (IDEF) held in Istanbul in July 2025. Developed by the Research and Development Center of the Turkish Ministry of National Defense, Gazap is a 970 kg (2,000-pound) air-to-surface munition. It features an advanced fragmentation mechanism that releases 10,000 controlled particles with a density of 10.16 fragments per square meter—more than three times the density of standard MK-series bombs—making it the most powerful non-nuclear conventional aircraft bomb produced by Turkey.

Explanation

Article 39(d) of the Constitution of India, under Part IV dealing with the Directive Principles of State Policy, directs the State to ensure that there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women. This provision seeks to promote economic gender equality and prevent wage discrimination in the workforce.

Explanation

Under Article 239 of the Constitution of India, Union Territories are administered by the President through an administrator appointed by him with such designation as he may specify. For the Union Territories of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Puducherry, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh, the constitutional head appointed by the President is designated as the Lieutenant Governor.

Explanation

In the final of the 2025 ICC Champions Trophy held on March 9, 2025, at the Dubai International Cricket Stadium, India defeated New Zealand by 4 wickets. Chasing a target of 252 runs, India reached 254/6 in 49 overs, powered by captain Rohit Sharma's 76 runs. This victory earned India their third Champions Trophy title and seventh overall senior men's ICC trophy, adding to their two ODI World Cups (1983, 2011), two T20 World Cups (2007, 2024), and two previous Champions Trophies (2002, 2013).

Explanation

The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) was established under the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985, enacted by Parliament pursuant to Article 323A of the Constitution of India (inserted by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976). The Act empowers the tribunal to adjudicate disputes and complaints regarding the recruitment and service conditions of persons appointed to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union and other local or statutory authorities under the control of the Government of India.

Explanation

In December 2025, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman called on states to maintain strict fiscal discipline by keeping their debt and fiscal deficits within the limits prescribed under the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) framework. Enacted to institutionalize financial discipline and foster long-term macroeconomic stability, the FRBM framework sets clear targets for fiscal deficit and debt-to-GDP ratios for both the Union and state governments. Keeping state borrowings within FRBM targets prevents excessive debt accumulation and ensures that funds are directed toward capital creation and developmental expenditure rather than servicing high-interest loans.

Explanation

During a high-level meeting in New Delhi on 16 October 2025 between India's Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal and Brazil's Vice President Geraldo Alckmin, both sides issued a joint declaration to expand the India-MERCOSUR Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA). The core objective of these discussions was to promote trade and investment between India and the MERCOSUR bloc by expanding product coverage, broadening tariff concessions, addressing non-tariff issues, and encouraging economic collaboration in key sectors.

Explanation

In the Union Budget 2025-26, the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) limit in the insurance sector was raised from 74% to 100%. This enhanced limit applies to insurance companies that invest their entire premium collections within India. The decision aims to attract global capital, enhance competition, and drive deeper insurance penetration across the nation.

Explanation

India shares a land border of 4,096.7 km with Bangladesh and 3,323 km with Pakistan. Together, these two neighboring nations share a combined border length of 7,419.7 km with India, which is significantly greater than India's 3,488 km land border with China.

Explanation

The fourth generation of computers is characterized by the introduction of microprocessors, which integrated thousands of electronic components onto a single silicon chip using Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) technology. Intel launched the first commercial microprocessor, the Intel 4004, in 1971. This breakthrough combined the central processing unit, memory, and input/output controls on a single integrated circuit, dramatically reducing computer size and cost while significantly increasing processing speed and efficiency, leading directly to the advent of personal computers.

Explanation

On December 22, 2025, NITI Aayog released the policy report titled Internationalisation of Higher Education in India: Prospects, Potential, and Policy Recommendations. Prepared in collaboration with an IIT Madras-led consortium of knowledge partners, the report proposes 22 policy interventions, 76 action pathways, and 125 performance success indicators to address the imbalance between inbound and outbound student mobility. It outlines a long-term roadmap to transform India into a global destination for higher education and research by 2047 in alignment with the goals of the National Education Policy 2020.

Explanation

Sangam literature represents the earliest known body of classical literature from South India, composed predominantly in Old Tamil between 300 BCE and 300 CE. Assembled during assembly meetings (Sangams) of poets held under the patronage of the Pandyan kings in Madurai, these works include major poetic anthologies such as Ettuthokai and Pattupattu, as well as Tolkappiyam, the foundational Tamil treatise on grammar and poetics.

Explanation

Logistic growth is governed by the differential equation dN/dt = rN(1 - N/K), where N is the population size, K is the carrying capacity, and r is the intrinsic rate of increase. At a population size of 500, which is half of the carrying capacity (K = 1000), the population is at its inflection point where the growth rate reaches its peak. As the population continues to rise above 500 toward 1000, environmental resistance increases and the factor (1 - N/K) decreases toward zero, causing the growth rate to progressively slow down until the population stabilizes around the carrying capacity.

Explanation

John Dalton's atomic theory stated that matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. However, the subsequent discovery of subatomic particles—namely electrons, protons, and neutrons—demonstrated that atoms are complex structures that can be further divided into smaller constituent parts, thereby disproving the postulate that atoms are indivisible.

Explanation

In the business and commerce sector, computers play a vital role in automating day-to-day operations and improving organizational efficiency. Online transactions facilitate seamless electronic commerce and digital payments, payroll processing ensures accurate employee compensation and tax management, inventory control helps track stock levels and supply chain operations, and data analysis provides actionable insights into market trends and customer behavior for strategic decision-making.

Explanation

Between 1950 and 1990, the Indian economy experienced a unique structural transformation characterized by a rapid expansion of the services sector. By 1990, the service sector's share in India's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reached 40.59 percent. This significant growth resulted in services becoming the largest contributor to the nation's GDP, overtaking agriculture and industry even prior to full industrialization.

Explanation

Thaawarchand Gehlot took oath as the 19th Governor of Karnataka on July 11, 2021, succeeding Vajubhai Vala. Hailing from Rupeta village in the Ujjain district of Madhya Pradesh, he holds the distinction of being the first person from Madhya Pradesh to serve as the Governor of Karnataka.

Explanation

The water vascular system is a unique hydraulic network of fluid-filled canals found in echinoderms like starfish. It operates through tube feet (podia), where changes in hydrostatic pressure cause the tube feet to extend, attach to surfaces, and retract to pull the animal along. These same tube feet are also used to capture, manipulate, and open prey, making locomotion and feeding the principal functions of this system.

Explanation

Lothal, located in present-day Gujarat near the Bhogavo River, was a major maritime trade hub of the Indus Valley Civilisation around 2500 BCE. It features a massive trapezoidal basin constructed with baked bricks, recognized as the world's earliest known tidal dockyard. Designed with sluice gates and inlet channels to handle water level fluctuations during high and low tides, this dockyard allowed merchant ships to berth safely and enabled flourishing sea trade with contemporary civilizations in Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf.

Explanation

Under the Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025, the monetary threshold for defining "substantial interest" in a bank was revised from ₹5 lakh to ₹2 crore. This limit had remained unchanged since 1968 under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. "Substantial interest" refers to an individual or entity holding beneficial interest in shares exceeding 10% of the paid-up capital or ₹2 crore, whichever is lower.

Explanation

Geologists believe that during the Miocene period, a single continuous river called the Indo-Brahma (or Siwalik) flowed along the entire longitudinal extent of the Himalayas from Assam to Punjab before discharging into the Gulf of Sind. During the Pleistocene epoch, tectonic movements led to an upheaval in the western Himalayas, which included the uplift of the Potwar Plateau and the Delhi Ridge. This structural uplift created a major water divide between the Indus and Ganga basins. Coupled with the mid-Pleistocene down-thrusting of the Malda Gap between the Rajmahal Hills and Meghalaya Plateau, the original river was dismembered into the three independent drainage systems seen today: the Indus, the Ganga, and the Brahmaputra.

Explanation

The India-European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA) was signed on 10 March 2024 in New Delhi. The EFTA bloc comprises four European nations: Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein. TEPA is a landmark free trade agreement covering market access for goods and services, investment promotion, rules of origin, and intellectual property rights. A key highlight of the pact is the commitment by EFTA nations to invest 100 billion USD in India over 15 years, facilitating the creation of one million direct jobs. After completing domestic ratification procedures in the member countries, the agreement officially entered into force on 1 October 2025.

Explanation

Robir Kiran, a Kolkata-based cultural and musical group dedicated to the promotion and preservation of Rabindra Sangeet, celebrated its 10th anniversary in December 2025. Founded in May 2015 by Sayantani Gupta, the organization marked a decade of its cultural journey with a grand musical event at the Satyajit Ray Auditorium inside Kolkata's ICCR. The troupe functions as both a music school and a performing ensemble, focusing on passing down Rabindranath Tagore's musical legacy to younger generations.

Explanation

During the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere (around June 21), the Earth's Northern Hemisphere is tilted at its maximum angle of 23.5° toward the Sun. Consequently, the Sun reaches its highest position in the sky and appears directly overhead at noon along the Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N latitude). This brings the longest period of daylight of the year to the Northern Hemisphere.

Explanation

The keyboard shortcut Ctrl + C copies the selected file to the clipboard without removing it from its current location. Navigating to the target folder and pressing Ctrl + V pastes the copied file from the clipboard into that new directory, resulting in a duplicate copy while retaining the original file in its initial location.

Explanation

In July 2025, the High Court of Kerala issued the Policy Regarding the Use of AI Tools in District Judiciary, becoming the first High Court in India to establish a formal regulatory framework for artificial intelligence in judicial functioning. The policy establishes clear guardrails for judicial officers and court staff across district courts, permitting approved AI tools primarily for administrative efficiency, case management, and legal research, while strictly prohibiting the use of AI for substantive judicial decision-making, order drafting, or judgment preparation.

Explanation

According to the Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic Product for Q1 (April–June) of FY 2025-26 released by the National Statistics Office (NSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), the Mining | Quarrying sector recorded a negative growth rate of -3.1% in Real Gross Value Added (GVA) at constant (2011-12) prices. Adverse weather conditions and heavy rainfall in key producing regions significantly disrupted operational activity, causing a contraction in the sector's performance compared to the corresponding quarter of the previous financial year.

Explanation

In Jharkhand, primitive subsistence agriculture or slash and burn farming is locally known as 'Kuruwa'. This traditional system of cultivation is predominantly practiced by indigenous tribal groups, such as the Mal Pahariya people living in the Rajmahal Hills region, where forest land is cleared by cutting and burning vegetation to raise crops for subsistence.

Explanation

Vasco da Gama reached Calicut on the southwestern coast of India in 1498 via the Cape of Good Hope, establishing the Portuguese presence in the Indian subcontinent. They maintained their colonial strongholds in Goa, Daman, and Diu for over four centuries and departed only in December 1961 following Operation Vijay by the Indian Armed Forces.

Explanation

The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 was a major peasant movement in Gujarat led by Vallabhbhai Patel to protest against an arbitrary 22% increase in land revenue taxes imposed by the Bombay Presidency government. Under Patel's determined leadership, the peasants refused to pay the enhanced tax despite confiscation of property and land. The civil disobedience movement was remarkably successful, forcing the British government to set up the Broomfield-Maxwell Committee, which reduced the tax hike to 6.03%. Following the success of the campaign, the women of Bardoli bestowed the title 'Sardar' upon Vallabhbhai Patel.

Explanation

According to the Indian Railways Statistical Yearbook for 2019-2020 issued by the Ministry of Railways, the total route length of the Indian Railways network stood at 67,956 km as of March 31, 2020. Out of this, Broad Gauge constituted 63,949 km (about 94.1%), Metre Gauge accounted for 2,402 km, and Narrow Gauge made up 1,605 km.

Route length represents the actual distance between terminal points on the network, irrespective of whether the section consists of single, double, or multiple parallel tracks. In comparison, the running track length for the same fiscal year was 99,235 km, and total trackage including sidings and yards stood at 1,26,366 km.

Explanation

Bodo belongs to the Bodo-Garo branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family, which is part of the larger Sino-Tibetan language group. Spoken primarily in the state of Assam and neighboring regions of Northeast India, Bodo was officially added to the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution through the 92nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 2003.

Explanation

Tertiary activities encompass the provision of services rather than the direct extraction or manufacturing of tangible goods. Shoe shining is a personal service provided directly to consumers, where value is generated through labor and expertise rather than raw material processing, placing it squarely in the tertiary sector of the economy.

Explanation

Shams-ud-din Iltutmish created a corps of forty loyal Turkish slave-officers known as the Turkan-i-Chahalgani, or the Group of Forty. This group played a crucial administrative and military role in advising and assisting the Sultan, helping him consolidate power and maintain stability across the Delhi Sultanate during his reign.

Explanation

Alauddin Khilji introduced comprehensive market control measures to maintain a large standing army at low cost. He fixed the prices of essential commodities, including food grains, cloth, and horses, and set up designated markets supervised by officers called Shahna-i-Mandi. To handle grain shortages during droughts or supply disruptions, he established state granaries and introduced a systematic rationing scheme where households were issued fixed quantities of food grains.

Explanation

Customized application software (also known as bespoke or tailor-made software) is specially developed to meet the specific requirements of a particular user or organization, rather than being built for general public use. A payroll management system designed for a specific company is tailored to handle that organization's unique salary structures, allowance rules, tax calculations, and employee workflows.

Explanation

The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002 introduced Clause (k) to Article 51A of the Indian Constitution, adding the 11th Fundamental Duty. This provision makes it the duty of every citizen who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to their child or ward aged between six and fourteen years.

Explanation

Young India was an English weekly journal published by Mahatma Gandhi from 1919 to 1931. He used this publication to disseminate his ideas on non-violence, satyagraha, swadeshi, and social reform, as well as to mobilize public opinion during the Indian independence movement.

Explanation

Under Article 368(2) of the Indian Constitution, a Constitutional Amendment Bill concerning Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy) requires passage by a special majority in both Houses of Parliament. Since provisions relating to DPSP do not affect the federal structure specified under the proviso to Article 368(2), the bill does not require ratification by state legislatures. Once passed by both Houses of Parliament, the mandatory constitutional requirement for the bill to become law is presentation to the President, who is constitutionally bound to give assent to it.

Explanation

The southwest monsoon season, which accounts for the vast majority of India's annual rainfall, officially spans from June to September. During these four months, strong heating over the northern Indian landmass creates a low-pressure system, attracting moisture-laden trade winds from the southern Indian Ocean that cross the equator and advance over the subcontinent.

Explanation

Windows 11, officially released by Microsoft in October 2021, is the latest major release of the Windows operating system [1]. It introduces a revamped user interface with a centered taskbar, redesigned Start menu, improved window snapping features, enhanced security standards, and direct support for Android apps through the Amazon Appstore.

Explanation

The 24th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1971 was enacted in response to the Supreme Court's ruling in the Golaknath case (1967), which had restricted Parliament from curtailing Fundamental Rights. The amendment explicitly modified Article 13 and Article 368 to affirm that Parliament possesses the authority to amend any part of the Constitution, including Fundamental Rights under Part III. It also made it obligatory for the President to give assent to Constitutional Amendment Bills.

Explanation

The Lakhpati Didi initiative is a scheme implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development under the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM). The term Lakhpati Didi refers to a member of a rural Self-Help Group (SHG) whose household achieves a sustainable annual income of ₹1 lakh or more through micro-enterprises and diversified livelihood activities.

Explanation

Silappatikaram, composed by the Jain monk Ilango Adigal in the 2nd century CE, is one of the Five Great Epics of Tamil literature. The story centers on Kannagi and her profound devotion and fidelity toward her husband Kovalan. After Kovalan is unjustly executed by the Pandyan king of Madurai, Kannagi's moral power and chastity prove his innocence and lead to the destruction of Madurai, elevating her as the ideal deity of chastity (Pattini).

Explanation

Drip irrigation, also known as trickle irrigation, is a micro-irrigation technique that conserves water and nutrients by delivering water drop by drop directly into the root zone of plants. Water is applied precisely at a slow rate using a network of pipes, tubing, and emitters, which significantly reduces water loss from evaporation and runoff while enhancing crop yield and water efficiency.

Explanation

Under the directive issued by the Delhi Women | Child Development (WCD) Department, women staff are restricted from working beyond normal office hours unless under rare and unavoidable circumstances. In exceptional cases where late sitting becomes necessary, the policy mandates that branch heads and reporting officers must coordinate with the Care Taking Branch to arrange official or verified safe transport to drop the female employee safely at her residence or a designated safe location. Reporting officers are held personally responsible for ensuring these travel arrangements are properly executed.

Explanation

The edible portion of a pomegranate (Punica granatum) is the succulent, juice-filled outer layer of the seed coat, botanically termed the sarcotesta. This fleshy layer develops from the epidermal cells of the ovule integuments and surrounds the hard inner seed to attract animals for seed dispersal.

Explanation

The Government of India officially conferred the status of Classical Language on both Telugu and Kannada in 2008 following the recommendations of the Linguistic Experts Committee. To qualify for this recognition, a language must possess high antiquity with recorded texts spanning a history of 1500 to 2000 years, a body of ancient literature considered a valuable heritage by generations, and an original literary tradition. Both Kannada and Telugu met all the criteria set by the Ministry of Culture, acknowledging their rich antiquity, independent tradition, and vast historical literary heritage.

Explanation

In the Windows operating system, pressing Alt+Space opens the system menu (also known as the window menu or control menu) for the currently active window. This menu contains options to restore, move, size, minimize, maximize, and close the active window using keyboard inputs.