SSC CHSL Tier 1 2021 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

The relationship between the words in each pair is that of synonymy.

The word Courage (represented by Course in the question) and Bravery are synonyms, as both denote the quality of mind or spirit that enables a person to face difficulty, danger, or pain without fear.

Similarly, Sinister and Ominous are synonyms, both describing something that gives the impression that something bad, unpleasant, or evil is going to happen.

Explanation

The given number series follows an alternating pattern of adding and subtracting the squares of consecutive even numbers starting from 2.

The first term is 458. The second term is obtained by adding 2²: 458 + 4 = 462. The third term is obtained by subtracting 4²: 462 - 16 = 446. The fourth term is obtained by adding 6²: 446 + 36 = 482. The fifth term is obtained by subtracting 8²: 482 - 64 = 418. The sixth term is obtained by adding 10²: 418 + 100 = 518.

This perfectly verifies that 418 is the missing number.

Explanation

To arrange the words in alphabetical order as they would appear in an English dictionary, we compare them letter by letter from left to right.

All five words start with Po. Comparing their third letters: In Polymer, the third letter is l. In Popular, the third letter is p. In Postbox and Posthumous, the third letter is s. In Potential, the third letter is t.

Comparing these third letters alphabetically, l comes first, followed by p, then s, and finally t. This puts Polymer (4) first and Popular (5) second.

To order Postbox (3) and Posthumous (2), we compare their fifth letters since their first four letters (Post) are identical. The fifth letter of Postbox is b, and the fifth letter of Posthumous is h. Since b comes before h, Postbox (3) comes third and Posthumous (2) comes fourth.

Finally, Potential (1) with its third letter t comes fifth.

The resulting correct sequence is 4, 5, 3, 2, 1.

Explanation

All five words begin with the prefix So. To arrange them in alphabetical order as they would appear in an English dictionary, we compare their letters from left to right starting from the third letter.

Comparing the third letters of the words, we have a in Soaking (4), m in Somewhere (5), r in Sorrow (2), and u in both Sourced (1) and Soulful (3). Since a comes before m, which comes before r, and r comes before u, the first three words in the sequence are Soaking (4), Somewhere (5), and Sorrow (2).

For the remaining two words, Sourced (1) and Soulful (3), both share the first three letters Sou. Comparing their fourth letters, l in Soulful (3) comes before r in Sourced (1). Therefore, Soulful (3) comes before Sourced (1).

Combining these, the correct alphabetical order of the words is Soaking (4), Somewhere (5), Sorrow (2), Soulful (3), and Sourced (1), which gives the sequence 4, 5, 2, 3, 1.

Explanation

Correct Answer: D

Substituting the signs in Option D sequentially into the given expression yields:

57 + 35 - 44 ÷ 11 × 13 = 40

Following the DMAS rule, we perform division first:

44 ÷ 11 = 4

Substituting this back gives:

57 + 35 - 4 × 13 = 40

Next, we perform multiplication:

4 × 13 = 52

This simplifies the expression to:

57 + 35 - 52 = 40

Then, we perform addition:

57 + 35 = 92

This gives:

92 - 52 = 40

Finally, performing subtraction:

40 = 40

Both sides of the equation are equal, which balances the expression.

Explanation

When analyzing the relationship between potatoes and tomatoes from the given statements, some potatoes are onions and some onions are tomatoes. Since the middle term, onions, is not distributed in either statement, no definite relation can be established between potatoes and tomatoes.

This uncertainty leads to a complementary pair situation. Conclusion I (Some tomatoes are potatoes) is a particular affirmative statement, while Conclusion II (No tomato is a potato) is a universal negative statement.

Because there is no definite relation, the sets of tomatoes and potatoes must either share at least one common element or share no elements at all. Since these two possibilities are mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive, one of them must definitely be true. This satisfies the conditions for an either-or case, meaning either conclusion I or II follows.

Explanation

Each letter-cluster in the series is formed by shifting the letters of the previous cluster backward by one position in alphabetical order.

For the first letter of each cluster: X (24) − 1 = W (23) W (23) − 1 = V (22) V (22) − 1 = U (21) U (21) − 1 = T (20)

For the second letter of each cluster: U (21) − 1 = T (20) T (20) − 1 = S (19) S (19) − 1 = R (18) R (18) − 1 = Q (17)

For the third letter of each cluster: R (18) − 1 = Q (17) Q (17) − 1 = P (16) P (16) − 1 = O (15) O (15) − 1 = N (14)

Combining these letters gives the next cluster in the series as TQN.

Explanation

The relationship between the first and second numbers in each pair follows the pattern where the second number is obtained by subtracting 8 from the cube of the first number.

y = x³ - 8

For the first pair, where x = 5: 5³ - 8 = 125 - 8 = 117

For the second pair, where x = 6: 6³ - 8 = 216 - 8 = 208

Applying the same mathematical pattern to the third pair, where x = 8: 8³ - 8 = 512 - 8 = 504

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in each pair follows the pattern:

Second number = (First number - 10) ÷ 2

Applying this logic to the first pair: (10 - 10) ÷ 2 = 0

Applying this logic to the third pair: (16 - 10) ÷ 2 = 3

Applying the same logic to the second pair: (12 - 10) ÷ 2 = 2 ÷ 2 = 1

Explanation

The given series can be solved by finding the difference between consecutive terms.

First differences: 20 - 11 = 9 43 - 20 = 23 94 - 43 = 51 187 - 94 = 93 336 - 187 = 149 555 - 336 = 219

Second differences (differences of the first differences): 23 - 9 = 14 51 - 23 = 28 93 - 51 = 42 149 - 93 = 56 219 - 149 = 70

The second differences are consecutive multiples of 14: 14 × 1, 14 × 2, 14 × 3, 14 × 4, 14 × 5. Following this pattern, the next second difference must be 14 × 6 = 84.

The next first difference is calculated as: 219 + 84 = 303

Adding this difference to the last term in the series gives the missing number: 555 + 303 = 858

Explanation

The pattern followed in the given rows is obtained by adding the first and second numbers, dividing their sum by 5, and then multiplying the result by 3 to get the third number.

First row: (73 + 52) ÷ 5 × 3 = 125 ÷ 5 × 3 = 25 × 3 = 75

Second row: (64 + 41) ÷ 5 × 3 = 105 ÷ 5 × 3 = 21 × 3 = 63

Third row: (68 + 47) ÷ 5 × 3 = 115 ÷ 5 × 3 = 23 × 3 = 69

Explanation

The letters in each position follow a specific pattern based on their alphabetical positions, where A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, and so on.

For the first letter, the value increases by 3: A (1) to D (4) to G (7) to J (10).

For the second letter, the value increases by 5: N (14) to S (19) to X (24) to C (3, since 24 + 5 = 29, which wraps around the alphabet to 3).

For the third letter, the value decreases by 5: G (7) to B (2) to W (23, since 2 - 5 = -3, which wraps around to 23) to R (18).

For the fourth letter, the value decreases by 3: E (5) to B (2) to Y (25, since 2 - 3 = -1, which wraps around to 25) to V (22).

Explanation

In this code language, the letters at odd positions (1st and 3rd) are represented by their direct numerical positions in the English alphabet, while the letters at even positions (2nd and 4th) are represented by their numerical positions increased by 1.

For RAIN: R (1st, odd) is 18 A (2nd, even) is 1 + 1 = 2 I (3rd, odd) is 9 N (4th, even) is 14 + 1 = 15 This gives the code 182915.

For SUN: S (1st, odd) is 19 U (2nd, even) is 21 + 1 = 22 N (3rd, odd) is 14 This gives the code 192214.

Applying the same pattern to MOON: M (1st, odd) is 13 O (2nd, even) is 15 + 1 = 16 O (3rd, odd) is 15 N (4th, even) is 14 + 1 = 15 Combining these numbers gives 13161515.

Explanation

The general rule followed in the pairs is that the second number is the square of the first number, y = x². For the pair 21:431, the square of 21 is 441, which does not match the given second number 431.

Explanation

By analyzing the transformation pattern of the 7-letter word INSTEAD to NISTEDA:

The first two letters are swapped: I and N become N and I. The middle three letters remain in their original positions: S, T, and E stay as S, T, and E. The last two letters are swapped: A and D become D and A.

Applying this identical pattern to the word JUSTICE:

Swap the first two letters (J and U) to get U and J. Keep the middle three letters (S, T, and I) the same. Swap the last two letters (C and E) to get E and C.

This results in the letter sequence UJSTIEC.

Explanation

In the given number-pairs, the pattern followed is that the second number is obtained by adding 3 to the square root of the first number. For the pair 121:16, the square root of 121 is 11, and adding 3 to it results in 14. Since the second number in this pair is 16 instead of 14, it does not follow the common mathematical operation of adding 3 to the square root of the first number, making it the odd pair.

Explanation

From the statement "All stands are boxes", we know that the entire set of stands is contained within the set of boxes. The statement "Some cartons are stands" tells us that there is an overlap between the set of cartons and the set of stands. Since any element that is in the set of stands must also be in the set of boxes, the overlapping elements between cartons and stands must also lie within the set of boxes. This guarantees that there is an overlap between cartons and boxes, making the conclusion "Some cartons are boxes" logically true.

Explanation

The given series follows a pattern based on the differences between consecutive terms:

67 - 60 = 7 81 - 67 = 14 109 - 81 = 28 165 - 109 = 56

The sequence of differences is 7, 14, 28, 56. Each term in this sequence of differences is multiplied by 2 to obtain the next difference.

Following this pattern, the next difference is: 56 × 2 = 112

Adding this difference to the last term of the series gives: 165 + 112 = 277

Explanation

Substituting the signs from option D sequentially in the given equation:

25 − 5 + 10 ÷ 2 × 8 = 60

According to the BODMAS rule, the operations are performed in the order of Division, Multiplication, Addition, and then Subtraction.

First, perform the division: 10 ÷ 2 = 5

Now, the equation is: 25 − 5 + 5 × 8 = 60

Next, perform the multiplication: 5 × 8 = 40

Now, the equation is: 25 − 5 + 40 = 60

Finally, perform the addition and subtraction: 20 + 40 = 60 60 = 60

The Left Hand Side (LHS) equals the Right Hand Side (RHS), which balances the equation.

Explanation

Given expression: 42 4 69 3 29 60 5

By substituting the signs from option B (×, −, =, ×, +, ÷) in order, we get: 42 × 4 − 69 = 3 × 29 + 60 ÷ 5

Evaluating the Left-Hand Side (LHS): LHS = 42 × 4 − 69 LHS = 168 − 69 LHS = 99

Evaluating the Right-Hand Side (RHS) using the BODMAS rule: RHS = 3 × 29 + 60 ÷ 5 RHS = 3 × 29 + 12 RHS = 87 + 12 RHS = 99

Since LHS = RHS = 99, this combination of mathematical signs successfully balances the equation.

Explanation

The differences between successive terms in the series are: 303 - 286 = 17 320 - 303 = 17 371 - 320 = 51 422 - 371 = 51 507 - 422 = 85

The differences are odd multiples of 17, where each difference is repeated twice: 17 × 1, 17 × 1 17 × 3, 17 × 3 17 × 5...

Following this pattern, the next difference is also 85 (17 × 5). Adding this difference to the last term gives: 507 + 85 = 592

Explanation

To arrange the words in alphabetical order as they appear in an English dictionary, we compare them letter by letter from left to right. All five words begin with the same prefix Dis. Therefore, we compare their fourth letters: c in Discuss, e in Disease, g in Disgrace, h in Dish, and j in Disjoin. Arranging these letters in alphabetical order gives c, e, g, h, j, which corresponds to the sequence Discuss, Disease, Disgrace, Dish, and Disjoin. This yields the correct numerical order of 3, 2, 5, 1, 4.

Explanation

The pattern followed is that the first three letters of the word are reversed, the middle (fourth) letter remains unchanged, and the last three letters are reversed.

For DETAILS: First three letters DET are reversed to TED. Middle letter A remains A. Last three letters ILS are reversed to SLI. Combined: TEDASLI

For EMPATHY: First three letters EMP are reversed to PME. Middle letter A remains A. Last three letters THY are reversed to YHT. Combined: PMEAYHT

For FORMULA: First three letters FOR are reversed to ROF. Middle letter M remains M. Last three letters ULA are reversed to ALU. Combined: ROFMALU

Explanation

The coding pattern adds 3 to the alphabetical positions of the first, second, fourth, and fifth letters of the word, while the third letter remains unchanged.

In the word WORTH, W (23) + 3 = Z (26), O (15) + 3 = R (18), R (18) remains unchanged as R, T (20) + 3 = W (23), and H (8) + 3 = K (11), which yields ZRRWK.

Similarly, in TRACK, T (20) + 3 = W (23), R (18) + 3 = U (21), A (1) remains unchanged as A, C (3) + 3 = F (6), and K (11) + 3 = N (14), which yields WUAFN.

Applying this same logic to FAITH, F (6) + 3 = I (9), A (1) + 3 = D (4), I (9) remains unchanged as I, T (20) + 3 = W (23), and H (8) + 3 = K (11). This yields the coded word IDIWK.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in each pair follows the pattern where the first number is obtained by squaring the second number, multiplying the result by 2, and then adding 2.

First number = 2 × (Second number)² + 2

For the first pair: 2 × 5² + 2 = 2 × 25 + 2 = 52

For the second pair: 2 × 7² + 2 = 2 × 49 + 2 = 100

Applying the same logic to the third pair: 2 × x² + 2 = 164 2 × x² = 162 x² = 81 x = 9

Explanation

The series can be divided into four groups of five letters each:

Group 1: S L O Z Q Group 2: T L O Z Q Group 3: U L O Z Q Group 4: V L O Z Q

In each group, the last four letters (L, O, Z, Q) remain the same, while the first letter of each group increases sequentially in alphabetical order:

S → T → U → V

Placing the letters L, Z, L, Z, Q in the blanks completes this repeating pattern.

Explanation

The coding scheme shifts each letter backward in alphabetical order based on its position in the word. The first letter is shifted back by 1, the second letter by 2, the third letter by 3, and so on.

Applying this logic to the word PEOPLE: P is the 1st letter: 16 - 1 = 15, which is O E is the 2nd letter: 5 - 2 = 3, which is C O is the 3rd letter: 15 - 3 = 12, which is L P is the 4th letter: 16 - 4 = 12, which is L L is the 5th letter: 12 - 5 = 7, which is G E is the 6th letter: 5 - 6 = -1, which cycles backward in the alphabet to 25, which is Y

Combining these letters gives OCLLGY.

Explanation

By replacing the first plus sign in Option A with a division sign, the correct sequence of signs is =, ÷, x, +. Substituting these into the equation gives 91 = 15 ÷ 5 x 18 + 37, which simplifies to 91 = 3 x 18 + 37 = 54 + 37 = 91, balancing the equation perfectly.

Explanation

Substituting the signs from this option into the equation in place of the asterisks gives:

37 × 3 + 21 - 79 = 18 × 4 - 19

Solving the Left Hand Side (LHS) of the equation using the BODMAS rule: 37 × 3 + 21 - 79 = 111 + 21 - 79 111 + 21 - 79 = 132 - 79 132 - 79 = 53

Solving the Right Hand Side (RHS) of the equation: 18 × 4 - 19 = 72 - 19 72 - 19 = 53

Since LHS = RHS (53 = 53), the equation is perfectly balanced.

Explanation

By substituting the signs from option d) sequentially to represent division, multiplication, addition, subtraction, and equality, the equation becomes:

25 ÷ 5 × 10 + 2 - 8 = 44

Following the BODMAS rule to evaluate the left-hand side of the equation:

First, perform the division operation: 25 ÷ 5 = 5

The equation becomes: 5 × 10 + 2 - 8 = 44

Next, perform the multiplication operation: 5 × 10 = 50

The equation becomes: 50 + 2 - 8 = 44

Finally, perform the addition and subtraction: 52 - 8 = 44 44 = 44

Explanation

Analyzing the alphabetical positions of each letter in the clusters reveals a specific step-by-step pattern for each position.

For the first letter, the pattern decreases by 3 positions: D (4) minus 3 is A (1), A (1) minus 3 is X (24), X (24) minus 3 is U (21), and U (21) minus 3 is R (18).

For the second letter, the pattern increases by 10 positions: R (18) plus 10 is B (2 or 28), B (2) plus 10 is L (12), L (12) plus 10 is V (22), and V (22) plus 10 is F (6 or 32).

For the third letter, the pattern increases by 9 positions: B (2) plus 9 is K (11), K (11) plus 9 is T (20), T (20) plus 9 is C (3 or 29), and C (3) plus 9 is L (12).

For the fourth letter, the pattern decreases by 2 positions: Z (26) minus 2 is X (24), X (24) minus 2 is V (22), V (22) minus 2 is T (20), and T (20) minus 2 is R (18).

Combining these letters yields the cluster XLTV.

Explanation

In the pair 169: 14, the first number is the perfect square of 13. The second number, 14, does not follow the pattern of adding 3 to the square root of the first number, which would yield 16 (since √169 + 3 = 13 + 3 = 16). Because of this deviation, this pair is the odd one out.

Explanation

Substituting the sequential signs from Option A into the equation, where the first x represents the division symbol (÷) and the second x represents the multiplication symbol (×), we get:

16 ÷ 4 × 8 - 10 + 2 = 24

Applying the BODMAS rule:

First, perform the division: 16 ÷ 4 = 4

Next, perform the multiplication: 4 × 8 = 32

Now, perform the addition and subtraction: 32 - 10 + 2 = 24 34 - 10 = 24 24 = 24

The left-hand side is equal to the right-hand side, balancing the equation.

Explanation

To arrange the words in alphabetical order as they would appear in an English dictionary, we compare their letters from left to right.

All five words start with the letters Ne. Comparing the third letter of each word, Negate, Negotiation, and Negligible have g, Networking has t, and Newspaper has w. Since g comes before t and w, and t comes before w, the words starting with Neg come first, followed by Networking, and then Newspaper.

Among the words starting with Neg, we compare their fourth letters. In Negate the fourth letter is a, in Negligible it is l, and in Negotiation it is o. Since a comes before l, and l comes before o, the alphabetical order of these three words is Negate (2), Negligible (4), and Negotiation (1).

Combining all the parts, the correct alphabetical sequence is Negate (2), Negligible (4), Negotiation (1), Networking (3), and Newspaper (5), which corresponds to the order 2, 4, 1, 3, 5.

Explanation

To balance the equation, substitute the signs sequentially into the expression:

57 - 35 + 44 ÷ 11 × 13 = 74

Applying the BODMAS rule:

First, perform the division: 44 ÷ 11 = 4

The equation becomes: 57 - 35 + 4 × 13 = 74

Next, perform the multiplication: 4 × 13 = 52

The equation becomes: 57 - 35 + 52 = 74

Now, perform the subtraction and addition from left to right: 57 - 35 = 22 22 + 52 = 74 74 = 74

Explanation

In the given word pairs, the second word is formed by removing the first letter of the first word.

In the first pair, AMOUNT becomes MOUNT by removing the letter A. In the second pair, BRIDGE becomes RIDGE by removing the letter B. Following this same pattern, removing the first letter B from BRIGHT gives RIGHT.

Explanation

The differences between the consecutive terms of the given series are: 14 - 13 = 1 23 - 14 = 9 48 - 23 = 25 97 - 48 = 49 178 - 97 = 81

These differences represent the squares of consecutive odd numbers: 1² = 1 3² = 9 5² = 25 7² = 49 9² = 81

Following this pattern, the next difference must be the square of the next odd number, which is 11: 11² = 121

Adding this difference to the last term of the series gives: 178 + 121 = 299

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in each row follows the pattern where the middle number is the sum of the cube of the first number and the square of the third number.

In the first row, 3³ + 4² = 27 + 16 = 43.

In the second row, 6³ + 5² = 216 + 25 = 241.

Following this same logic for the third row, the missing number is obtained by calculating 2³ + 11² = 8 + 121 = 129.

Explanation

The pattern followed in the given number pairs is that the second term is obtained by multiplying the first term by 5 and then subtracting 11.

Applying this logic to the first pair: 16 × 5 - 11 = 80 - 11 = 69

Applying the same logic to the third pair: 31 × 5 - 11 = 155 - 11 = 144

Following the same pattern for the second pair: 24 × 5 - 11 = 120 - 11 = 109

Explanation

By analyzing the positional values of the letters in the English alphabet (A = 1, B = 2, ... Z = 26), each letter position in the clusters follows a specific decreasing pattern:

The first letter of each cluster decreases by 2: W (23) minus 2 is U (21), which minus 2 is S (19), and S (19) minus 2 is Q (17).

The second letter of each cluster decreases by 3: F (6) minus 3 is C (3), which minus 3 is Z (26), and Z (26) minus 3 is W (23).

The third letter of each cluster decreases by 5: B (2) minus 5 is W (23), which minus 5 is R (18), and R (18) minus 5 is M (13).

The fourth letter of each cluster decreases by 7: I (9) minus 7 is B (2), which minus 7 is U (21), and U (21) minus 7 is N (14).

Combining these determined letters yields the cluster QWMN.

Explanation

The mathematical operation followed by the number pairs is that the second number is obtained by multiplying the square of the first number by 4, which is expressed as:

Second number = 4 × (First number)²

For the pair 18:1620, applying this operation gives:

4 × 18² = 4 × 324 = 1296

This result does not match the second number in the pair, which is 1620.

Explanation

Substituting the given operators in the equation: A denotes + B denotes × C denotes - D denotes ÷

The expression becomes: (13 × 9) ÷ 3 + (14 ÷ 7) × 6 - 21 + (32 × 2)

Solving the brackets first: 13 × 9 = 117 14 ÷ 7 = 2 32 × 2 = 64

Substituting these values: 117 ÷ 3 + 2 × 6 - 21 + 64

Applying the BODMAS rule: Perform division: 117 ÷ 3 = 39

Perform multiplication: 2 × 6 = 12

Substitute these values to perform addition and subtraction: 39 + 12 - 21 + 64 = 51 - 21 + 64 = 30 + 64 = 94

Explanation

The number series follows an alternating pattern of multiplication and subtraction with consecutive integers starting from 2.

The operations applied step-by-step to the terms are: 19 × 2 = 38 38 - 3 = 35 35 × 4 = 140 140 - 5 = 135 135 × 6 = 810

Explanation

The logic of the analogy divides each six-letter word into three pairs of letters:

For the first pair, the letters are swapped in their positions. For the second (middle) pair, each letter is replaced by its opposite letter in the English alphabet (where the sum of the positions of the opposite letters is 27). For the third pair, the letters are swapped in their positions.

Applying this logic to NUMBER: N and U are swapped to U and N. M and B are replaced by their opposite letters, N and Y. E and R are swapped to R and E. This results in UNNYRE.

Applying this logic to MOTHER: M and O are swapped to O and M. T and H are replaced by their opposite letters, G and S. E and R are swapped to R and E. This results in OMGSRE.

Applying this logic to FINGER: F and I are swapped to I and F. N and G are replaced by their opposite letters, M and T. E and R are swapped to R and E. This results in IFMTRE.

Explanation

The coding pattern splits the eight-letter word into two equal halves of four letters each.

For the first four letters, the positional values of the alphabets are incremented progressively by +1, +2, +3, and +4. For the last four letters, the positional values are decremented progressively by -1, -2, -3, and -4.

Applying this logic to DESIGNER:

D + 1 = E E + 2 = G S + 3 = V I + 4 = M

G - 1 = F N - 2 = L E - 3 = B R - 4 = N

Combining these two halves gives the coded word as EGVMFLBN.

Explanation

The relationship followed in each pair is that the second number is obtained by multiplying the first number by -8.

First pair: 24 × -8 = -192 Second pair: -31 × -8 = 248 Third pair: -18 × -8 = 144

Explanation

The series is formed by applying a specific positional shifting pattern to each letter of the clusters.

For the first letter, the alphabetical positions decrease by 2: W (23) minus 2 is U (21) U (21) minus 2 is S (19) S (19) minus 2 is Q (17) Q (17) minus 2 is O (15)

For the second letter, the alphabetical positions decrease by 2: V (22) minus 2 is T (20) T (20) minus 2 is R (18) R (18) minus 2 is P (16) P (16) minus 2 is N (14)

For the third letter, the alphabetical positions increase by 2: E (5) plus 2 is G (7) G (7) plus 2 is I (9) I (9) plus 2 is K (11) K (11) plus 2 is M (13)

Combining the resulting letters O, N, and M gives the next cluster in the series, which is ONM.

Explanation

The coding logic follows an alternating shift of +1 and -1 applied to the alphabetical positions of each letter in the word.

In KITCHEN, the letters shift as follows: K becomes L (+1), I becomes H (-1), T becomes U (+1), C becomes B (-1), H becomes I (+1), E becomes D (-1), and N becomes O (+1).

In HUSBAND, the same pattern is applied: H becomes I (+1), U becomes T (-1), S becomes T (+1), B becomes A (-1), A becomes B (+1), N becomes M (-1), and D becomes E (+1).

Applying this alternating pattern of +1 and -1 to the word ELEMENT: E becomes F (+1) L becomes K (-1) E becomes F (+1) M becomes L (-1) E becomes F (+1) N becomes M (-1) T becomes U (+1)

Explanation

The coding scheme swaps adjacent pairs of letters in the word.

For the word FAMOUS, the pairs are FA, MO, and US. Swapping each pair gives AF, OM, and SU, which combines to form AFOMSU.

For the word FINGER, the pairs are FI, NG, and ER. Swapping each pair gives IF, GN, and RE, which combines to form IFGNRE.

Applying this same logic to the word INVEST, the pairs are IN, VE, and ST. Swapping each pair gives NI, EV, and TS. Combining these swapped pairs results in NIEVTS.

Explanation

To evaluate the conclusions, we can analyze the relationships between the terms. For Conclusion I, the statements tell us that some honeys are breads and all breads are jams. Since every single bread is a jam, the honeys that are breads must also be jams. This guarantees that there is an intersection between jams and honeys, meaning some jams are honeys. Thus, Conclusion I logically follows. For Conclusion II, the first statement only establishes that some butters are honeys, which does not imply that all honeys are butters. For Conclusion III, there is no established connection between jams and butters, as they are linked through separate, non-overlapping relations, meaning some jams are butters cannot be definitely concluded. Therefore, only Conclusion I logically follows.