RRB NTPC CBT 1 2026 General Awareness Questions with Solutions

Explanation

Sikandra Fort is located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, where it is renowned as the site of the mausoleum of the Mughal Emperor Akbar. It is a distinct historical monument situated in northern India and is not part of the Daulatabad Fort complex in Maharashtra.

Explanation

The lofty Himalayan mountain range acts as an invincible climatic divide between Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. During the winter, freezing polar air masses originate near the Arctic Circle and blow southwards across Central and Eastern Asia. The towering height of the Himalayas shields the subcontinent by blocking these cold, chilly northern winds, preventing India from experiencing severe sub-zero winter temperatures.

Explanation

The Ninety-Third Constitutional Amendment Act, 2005 inserted Clause (5) into Article 15 of the Indian Constitution. This amendment empowered the State to make special provisions, including reservation of seats, for the advancement of Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (OBCs), Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes for admission into educational institutions, including private aided and unaided institutions (other than minority institutions). Following this amendment, the Parliament enacted the Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Admission) Act, 2006, which formally implemented the 27% reservation for OBC candidates in central educational institutes.

Explanation

Under the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) policy of the Government of India, FDI in Multi-Brand Retail Trading (MBRT) is allowed up to 51% through the government approval route. This permission is subject to specific regulatory conditions, such as a minimum capital investment of USD 100 million, mandatory sourcing of at least 30% of manufactured or processed products from Indian micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), and the requirement for explicit approval from the respective state governments where retail outlets are established.

Explanation

According to the World Cooperative Monitor report, Amul (GCMMF) secured the first rank globally among top cooperatives based on the ratio of turnover to GDP per capita, while IFFCO secured the second position. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Explanation

A defining feature of India's pre-1991 economic structure was structural asymmetry. Between 1950 and 1990, the share of agriculture in India's Gross Domestic Product fell sharply from over 50% to roughly 30%. However, the sectoral distribution of the workforce did not undergo a corresponding shift, as agriculture continued to employ over 65% of the total labor force. This lag in structural transformation meant that industrial and service sector growth failed to absorb surplus rural labor, leading to declining relative productivity and widespread underemployment in the agrarian sector.

Explanation

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), alongside the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC), published the Global Methane Status Report 2025. The report provides a comprehensive progress assessment regarding efforts to reduce global methane emissions and evaluates progress toward the Global Methane Pledge target of cutting methane emissions by 30% below 2020 levels by 2030. UNEP also leads international methane monitoring initiatives through its International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO).

Explanation

Decoding the expression 'Y + N × K + T - S' step by step from right to left:

T - S means T is the mother of S. K + T means K is the husband of T, making K the father of S. N × K means N is the father of K, making N the paternal grandfather of S. Y + N means Y is the wife of N, making Y the wife of S's paternal grandfather.

Therefore, Y is S's father's mother.

Explanation

The principle of Garbage In, Garbage Out (GIGO) states that the accuracy of a computer's output is strictly dependent on the accuracy of the input data it receives. Computers process data with absolute precision according to their instructions and cannot independently correct flawed inputs. Consequently, providing inaccurate or erroneous data as input inevitably results in incorrect output, making GIGO a concept directly associated with computer accuracy.

Explanation

Sant Tukaram was a 17th-century Bhakti movement poet-saint from Maharashtra devoted to Lord Vithoba (a form of Vishnu). He composed thousands of devotional poetry units called abhangs in the Marathi language, which expressed profound spiritual philosophy, social commentary, and deep personal devotion in a simple style accessible to the common people.

Explanation

An isolated system is a thermodynamic system whose boundary is completely rigid, impermeable, and thermally insulated. Because of these boundary characteristics, neither mass nor any form of energy, such as heat or work, can cross the boundary to interact with the surroundings.

Explanation

Article 171(1) of the Constitution of India provides for the composition of the Legislative Council of a State. It explicitly stipulates that the total number of members in the Legislative Council shall not exceed one-third of the total number of members in the Legislative Assembly of that State. Additionally, the same article specifies that the total membership of the Council shall in no case be less than forty.

Explanation

The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, also known as the Calvin cycle, occur in the stroma of chloroplasts. While carbon dioxide provides the carbon atoms, ATP and NADPH synthesized during the light-dependent reactions are essential energy drivers and reducing agents required to assimilate carbon dioxide into organic carbohydrates like glucose.

Explanation

Nalanda University, recognized as one of the world's earliest residential universities, was founded in the 5th century CE during the Gupta era under the patronage of Emperor Kumaragupta I (also known as Shakraditya). Located in modern-day Bihar, it developed into a premier international seat of learning that attracted scholars and students from across Asia, including China, Korea, Tibet, and Central Asia.

Explanation

Under Part A of the Employment-Linked Incentive (ELI) Scheme approved by the Union Cabinet in July 2025, first-time employees entering the formal workforce and registering with the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) receive a direct benefit transfer of one month's wage up to ₹15,000. The scheme applies to individuals earning a monthly gross salary up to ₹1,00,000, with the incentive disbursed in two installments.

Explanation

The Battle of Colachel was fought on August 10, 1741, between the Kingdom of Travancore, led by Maharaja Marthanda Varma, and the Dutch East India Company. Travancore forces decisively defeated the Dutch army commanded by Admiral Eustachius De Lannoy. This historic victory permanently halted Dutch colonial expansion in the Malabar region and stands as a rare early example of a native Indian state defeating a European naval power.

Explanation

Increasing government expenditure boosts aggregate demand in the economy through fiscal expansion. If aggregate demand expands faster than the overall aggregate supply of goods and services, it creates market imbalances that lead to demand-pull inflation. Furthermore, funding higher public expenditure often leads to larger fiscal deficits, increased money supply, and currency depreciation, which further aggravates price levels. Thus, the risk of triggering or escalating inflation acts as a primary economic limitation on expanding fiscal spending.

Explanation

In 2025, Kasai Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo reported a new Ebola outbreak caused by the Zaire Ebola virus strain. The Zaire strain is the most deadly species of the Ebola virus and has caused multiple historical outbreaks in various provinces across the country.

Explanation

The Nagpur Book Festival 2025 was organized by the National Book Trust, India, under the Ministry of Education, in collaboration with the local administration. The festival was scheduled to take place at Kasturchand Park, the largest open historic ground situated in central Nagpur, Maharashtra, which serves as a primary venue for major cultural, literary, and public events in the city.

Explanation

Sulphur dioxide (SO₂) is a primary air pollutant released mainly through the burning of fossil fuels in power plants and industrial facilities. Once in the atmosphere, it reacts with oxygen and water vapour to form sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄). This acid dissolves in cloud droplets and falls to the Earth as acid rain, lowering the pH of precipitation below 5.6 and causing severe damage to aquatic ecosystems, forests, soil, and building materials.

Explanation

During the Civil Disobedience Movement in April 1930, C. Rajagopalachari organized and led the historic Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha in the Madras Presidency. Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's Dandi March, he led a group of volunteers on a foot march from Tiruchirappalli to the coastal town of Vedaranyam in Tanjore district, where they broke the British salt laws by manufacturing salt directly from sea water.

Explanation

The 89th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003 bifurcated the combined National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes into two distinct bodies. It inserted Article 338A into the Constitution of India, establishing the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) as an independent constitutional body, which officially came into existence on 19 February 2004.

Explanation

The Digital India programme was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on July 1, 2015. It aims to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy by ensuring that government services are made available to citizens electronically through improved online infrastructure and increased Internet connectivity.

Explanation

Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant, located in the Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu, is the largest nuclear power station in India by capacity. As of 2023, it has an operational installed capacity of 2000 MWe, consisting of two Russian-designed VVER-1000 pressurized water reactor units of 1000 MWe each.

Explanation

Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are informal, voluntary associations of 10 to 20 individuals, predominantly poor women in rural areas, who come together to pool their small savings into a collective fund. By promoting financial discipline and the habit of thrift, SHGs provide small, collateral-free micro-credit loans to members for income-generating activities and emergency needs, fostering financial inclusion, self-reliance, and women empowerment.

Explanation

In solids, constituent particles are closely packed together with strong intermolecular forces holding them in fixed positions. Because these particles cannot move freely and can only oscillate about their mean positions, solids maintain a definite shape and volume, exhibiting rigidity by resisting deformation when an external force is applied.

Explanation

PM SVANidhi (Pradhan Mantri Street Vendor's AtmaNirbhar Nidhi) was launched by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs in June 2020 to provide affordable, collateral-free working capital loans to street vendors, who form a major part of the informal workforce in urban areas. The scheme aims to help these micro-entrepreneurs resume their businesses following pandemic-related disruptions while incentivizing digital transactions and timely repayment through interest subsidies.

Explanation

Resistive touchscreens consist of two flexible, electrically conductive layers separated by a thin gap or microscopic spacer dots. When physical pressure is applied to the screen surface, the outer flexible layer flexes and makes direct contact with the inner layer, completing an electrical circuit and altering the voltage at that exact location. Because this mechanism relies entirely on mechanical pressure rather than the electrical conductivity of the touching object, it can register input from any non-conductive tool, such as a plastic stylus, gloved finger, or fingernail.

Explanation

The signing ceremony for the United Nations Convention against Cybercrime was held in Hanoi, Vietnam, in October 2025, where representatives from 72 nations signed the treaty. Officially referred to as the Hanoi Convention, it serves as the first universal legally binding framework created by the United Nations to combat cybercrime, enhance international law enforcement cooperation, and establish standardized procedures for collecting and sharing electronic evidence across borders.

Explanation

Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) is a global movement led by India that mobilizes individual and community action for environmental sustainability. It focuses on replacing the traditional "use-and-dispose" consumption model with a circular economy based on mindful resource utilization. The initiative contributes directly to SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) by promoting resource efficiency and waste reduction, while supporting SDG 13 (Climate Action) by lowering individual carbon footprints through daily sustainable choices. It seeks to create a worldwide network of Pro-Planet People (P3) driving long-term behavioral change.

Explanation

In the Harappan civilisation, settlements were typically divided into two parts: the Citadel and the Lower Town. The Citadel owed its distinct height to being constructed on massive mud brick platforms. These raised foundations physically elevated the Citadel's structures above the surrounding terrain, separating it from the Lower Town and providing safety against floodwaters.

Explanation

Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya Unnat Gram Abhiyaan (PMJUGA) was announced in the Union Budget 2024–25 and approved by the Union Cabinet in September 2024. Formally launched as Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan, the initiative aims to improve the socio-economic status of tribal communities by ensuring saturation coverage of infrastructure, health, education, and livelihood schemes across approximately 63,000 tribal-majority villages in India.

Explanation

At the 76th National Book Awards ceremony held in November 2025, Lebanese novelist Rabih Alameddine won the top prize in the Fiction category for his novel The True True Story of Raja the Gullible (and His Mother). In the Nonfiction category, Egyptian-Canadian author and journalist Omar El Akkad was awarded top honours for his work One Day, Everyone Will Have Always Been Against This. Presented annually by the National Book Foundation, the National Book Awards recognize outstanding literary work across multiple categories including fiction, nonfiction, poetry, translated literature, and young people's literature.

Explanation

The National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) was established by the Government of India in 1955 as an ISO-certified Mini Ratna Enterprise under the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME). It was set up to promote, aid, and foster the growth of small-scale industries and micro, small, and medium enterprises across the country by providing integrated support services in areas such as marketing, technology, finance, and raw material procurement.

Explanation

The 7th Future Food Forum 2025 was held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, organized by the UAE Food and Beverage Manufacturers Group under the patronage of the UAE Ministry of Economy and Tourism. The event brought together international policymakers, industry leaders, and innovators to address food security, sustainable supply chains, and technology-driven innovation in the food and beverage sector.

Explanation

Under Article 61 of the Indian Constitution, the process for impeaching the President on the grounds of violation of the Constitution can be initiated by either House of Parliament. The proposal to prefer such a charge must be contained in a resolution moved after giving at least 14 days' written notice signed by not less than one-fourth of the total number of members of the initiating House. The resolution must then be passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of that House before being sent to the other House for investigation.

Explanation

Task Manager is a system monitoring utility in Windows operating systems that provides real-time information about computer performance and running processes. Under its Performance tab, specifically in the CPU section, it displays the overall processor utilization percentage across all cores, along with individual core logical graph displays, current clock speed, process counts, and system uptime.

Explanation

Article 243J empowers the Legislature of a State to make provisions by law with respect to the maintenance of accounts and the auditing of such accounts of Panchayats. Similarly, Article 243Z mandates that the Legislature of a State may, by law, make provisions with respect to the maintenance of accounts and the auditing of accounts of Municipalities. Both provisions were inserted into Part IX and Part IXA of the Constitution of India through the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts of 1992 to ensure financial accountability and transparency in local governance.

Explanation

The 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act was enacted in 1985 during the tenure of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. It added the Tenth Schedule to the Indian Constitution, popularly known as the Anti-Defection Law, to prevent political defections by setting grounds for the disqualification of elected members of Parliament and state legislatures who switch political parties or vote against party directives.

Explanation

The Emerging Science, Technology, and Innovation Conclave (ESTIC-2025) was organized from 3 to 5 November 2025 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, by the Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India in collaboration with the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and multiple scientific ministries. The conclave was held under the theme "Imagine, Innovate, Inspire for Viksit Bharat 2047" to serve as a flagship platform aligning scientific research, deep-tech innovation, and policy roadmap with India's long-term vision of becoming a developed nation by 2047.

Explanation

Vijayalaya Chola, who revived the Chola dynasty and established the Imperial Chola empire around 850 CE, was initially a feudatory of the Pallavas of Kanchipuram. Taking advantage of the ongoing conflict between the Pallavas and the Pandyas, Vijayalaya captured Thanjavur from the Muttaraiyar chieftains, established it as his capital, and built a temple dedicated to the goddess Nishumbhasudini to commemorate his rise to power.

Explanation

Glycosuria is the medical condition characterized by the presence and excretion of glucose in the urine. Under normal physiological conditions, glucose is filtered by the glomeruli in the kidneys and completely reabsorbed back into the bloodstream by transport mechanisms in the proximal convoluted tubule. When blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold or when tubular reabsorption is impaired, the unabsorbed glucose remains in the renal tubules and is excreted through urine.

Explanation

Sachindra Nath Bakshi was a prominent revolutionary and key organizer of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). Following his arrest in connection with the Kakori Train Action of 1925, he was tried in the Kakori Conspiracy Case and sentenced to transportation for life in the Cellular Jail of the Andaman Islands, rather than capital punishment.

Explanation

The Harappan cities of the Indus Valley Civilization were renowned for their sophisticated urban planning, characterized by a well-laid-out grid system. Main streets and lanes were laid out along north-south and east-west directions, intersecting nearly at right angles to divide the cities into organized rectangular blocks. This systematic layout was accompanied by standardized burnt-brick construction, advanced underground drainage networks, and a distinct division between high-walled citadels and lower residential towns.

Explanation

Article 23 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the Fundamental Right against Exploitation by explicitly prohibiting human trafficking, begar (unpaid forced labour), and other similar forms of forced labor. Any contravention of this provision is an offence punishable in accordance with the law, ensuring protection of personal liberty and human dignity.

Explanation

Tropical evergreen forests occur in warm, humid regions with high annual rainfall exceeding 200 cm. Because there is no distinct dry season, different species of trees in these forests shed their leaves at different times of the year. Consequently, the forest as a whole never appears bare and maintains a dense green canopy throughout the year.

Explanation

A team of scientists led by Dr. Basudeb Maji at the Bose Institute in Kolkata engineered GlowCas9, a novel bioluminescent CRISPR-Cas9 protein that emits light while performing gene editing. GlowCas9 was created by fusing Cas9 with a split nano-luciferase enzyme derived from deep-sea shrimp proteins. When Cas9 folds correctly inside living cells, the split enzyme fragments reassemble and emit light, allowing researchers to track real-time genome editing in living cells, tissues, and plant leaves without damaging them. Additionally, GlowCas9 exhibits enhanced thermal stability and improves the precision of homology-directed repair for fixing genetic mutations.

Explanation

The Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD) Act, 1991 was enacted by Parliament to supplement Article 239AA, inserted into the Constitution via the 69th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1991. This Act provided the statutory framework for the creation and functioning of a Legislative Assembly and a Council of Ministers for the National Capital Territory of Delhi.

Explanation

Consistency in computing refers to the deterministic nature of computer systems, where a given set of input data processed with the same sequence of instructions will always generate the exact same output. Because computers execute operations purely based on logical circuitry and electronic signals without fatigue, bias, or subjective deviation, they perform repeated tasks with complete uniformity and reliability under identical conditions.

Explanation

The biography titled Sivam Subham: The Biography of a Couple, written by Malayalam poet and lyricist B.K. Harinarayanan, chronicles the lives of legendary Carnatic vocalist M.S. Subbulakshmi and her husband, freedom fighter and journalist T. Sadasivam. Named after the couple's home in Kotturpuram, Chennai, the book traces Subbulakshmi's musical journey from Madurai to global prominence, highlighting Sadasivam's pivotal role as her manager, mentor, and life partner.