SSC CHSL Tier 1 2023 General Intelligence & Reasoning Questions with Solutions

Explanation

By comparing the sentences and their respective codes, we can determine the code for each word in the fourth sentence, which is sister studies English and Chemistry, coded as bi ki pi di fi.

The word studies is common to sentences 1, 3, and 4. The only common code among these three sentences is pi, meaning studies is coded as pi.

The word Chemistry is common to sentences 3 and 4. Excluding the code for studies, the common code between them is di, meaning Chemistry is coded as di.

The word English is common to sentences 1 and 4. Excluding the code for studies, the common code between them is fi, meaning English is coded as fi.

The word sister is common to sentences 2 and 4. The common code between them is ki, meaning sister is coded as ki.

By eliminating the codes for sister (ki), studies (pi), English (fi), and Chemistry (di) from the fourth sentence, the remaining word and corresponds to the remaining code bi.

Explanation

The series can be divided into groups of four letters, forming a progressive logical pattern:

Group 1: B X B X (alternating B and X) Group 2: B B X X (two B's followed by two X's) Group 3: B X X X (one B followed by three X's)

Applying this pattern to the series completes it in a logical sequence of B and X. This perfectly matches the sequence of letters provided in option C.

Explanation

The letters and numbers in the series follow distinct patterns at each position.

For the first letter, the alphabetical positions increase by 3 in each step: L (12) + 3 = O (15) O (15) + 3 = R (18) R (18) + 3 = U (21) U (21) + 3 = X (24)

For the middle number, the sequence follows an alternating pattern of adding 7 and subtracting 2: 17 + 7 = 24 24 - 2 = 22 22 + 7 = 29 29 - 2 = 27

For the third letter, the alphabetical positions decrease by 2 in each step: Z (26) - 2 = X (24) X (24) - 2 = V (22) V (22) - 2 = T (20) T (20) - 2 = R (18)

Combining these three patterns yields the missing letter-cluster O 24 X.

Explanation

The given series follows a pattern where the difference between consecutive terms increases by 6, which represents consecutive multiples of 6.

94 - 88 = 6 106 - 94 = 12 x - 106 = 18, which gives x = 106 + 18 = 124 148 - 124 = 24 178 - 148 = 30

The sequence of differences is 6, 12, 18, 24, 30. This confirms that the missing term is 124.

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in the given triads follows the pattern: First number + Second number + 5 = Third number

Applying this logic to the given triads: For the first triad: 4 + 5 + 5 = 14 For the second triad: 7 + 8 + 5 = 20

Similarly, for the triad in option C: 9 + 12 + 5 = 26

Explanation

The given number series follows a pattern where the differences between consecutive terms increase by a constant value of 4.

Calculating the differences between adjacent terms: 89 - 84 = 5 98 - 89 = 9 111 - 98 = 13 128 - 111 = 17

The differences form an arithmetic progression: 5, 9, 13, 17, with a common difference of 4.

Following this pattern, the next difference must be 17 + 4 = 21.

Adding this difference to the last term gives the next number in the series: 128 + 21 = 149

Explanation

The relation between the first number x and the second number y in the consistent pairs is defined by the formula y = 2x² + x.

For the pair 4:36, substituting x = 4 gives 2(4²) + 4 = 32 + 4 = 36.

For the pair 2:10, substituting x = 2 gives 2(2²) + 2 = 8 + 2 = 10.

For the pair 5:55, substituting x = 5 gives 2(5²) + 5 = 50 + 5 = 55.

Applying this same mathematical operation to the pair 3:23 with x = 3: y = 2(3²) + 3 = 18 + 3 = 21

Since the expected value is 21 and the given value is 23, this pair does not conform to the pattern.

Explanation

Conclusion I logically follows because the statement that all books are animals means the set of books is entirely contained within the set of animals. This guarantees that there is an intersection between animals and books, meaning some animals are books.

Conclusion II logically follows because the statement that all papers are scissors means the set of papers is entirely contained within the set of scissors. This guarantees that there is an intersection between scissors and papers, meaning some scissors are papers.

Both conclusions are logically valid.

Explanation

Each letter-cluster in the series is formed by adding 10 to the alphabetical position of the preceding letter, wrapping around the alphabet after Z (where Z is 26).

The positions of the letters in the fourth cluster GQA are G (7), Q (17), and A (1). Applying the addition of 10 to each step: 7 + 10 = 17 (Q) 17 + 10 = 27, which corresponds to 1 (A) 1 + 10 = 11 (K)

Alternatively, the first letter of each new cluster is the second letter of the preceding cluster. Following this pattern, the next cluster begins with Q. Adding 10 to Q (17) gives 27, which wraps around to A (1), and adding 10 to A (1) gives K (11), resulting in the cluster QAK.

Explanation

By interchanging the division sign ÷ with the multiplication sign ×, and the subtraction sign - with the addition sign +, the given equation is rewritten as:

13 × 145 ÷ 29 + 69 - 27 = ?

Applying the BODMAS rule:

First, perform the division: 145 ÷ 29 = 5

The equation becomes: 13 × 5 + 69 - 27 = ?

Next, perform the multiplication: 13 × 5 = 65

The equation becomes: 65 + 69 - 27 = ?

Next, perform the addition: 65 + 69 = 134

Finally, perform the subtraction: 134 - 27 = 107

Explanation

To find the correct pattern, we fill the blanks with the letters of the correct option B (GGKC):

Series: F G H I E H G D D F K J E L C

This complete series of 15 letters can be divided into three groups of five letters each:

Group 1: F G H I E Group 2: H G D D F Group 3: K J E L C

Analyzing the relationship between the corresponding positions of each group: First letter of each group: F (6) → (+2) → H (8) → (+3) → K (11) Second letter of each group: G (7) → (+0) → G (7) → (+3) → J (10) Third letter of each group: H (8) → (-4) → D (4) → (+1) → E (5) Fourth letter of each group: I (9) → (-5) → D (4) → (+8) → L (12) Fifth letter of each group: E (5) → (+1) → F (6) → (-3) → C (3)

Alternatively, looking at the connection between the consecutive groups: The last letter of Group 1 (E = 5) increases by 3 to form the first letter of Group 2 (H = 8). The last letter of Group 2 (F = 6) increases by 5 to form the first letter of Group 3 (K = 11).

Thus, the sequence of letters that completes the series logically is GGKC.

Explanation

The pattern followed by the other number pairs is that the second number is obtained by multiplying the first number by 4 and then adding 12 to the result. This can be expressed as y = 4x + 12, where x is the first number and y is the second number.

For the pair 21:100, applying this mathematical operation gives 21 × 4 + 12 = 96. Since the given second number is 100 instead of 96, this pair does not follow the same rule as the other pairs, making it the odd one out.

Explanation

By comparing the two coded sentences, the word common to both 'how are you' and 'do you follow' is 'you'.

Similarly, the code common to both 'mp rc gp' and 'hk mp bo' is 'mp'.

Therefore, the code for 'you' is 'mp'.

Explanation

In the alphabetical series, the letters in YWU have position values of Y = 25, W = 23, and U = 21. The pattern of difference between consecutive letters in this option is -2 and -2, which differs from the pattern of -1 and -2 followed by the other three groups of letters.

Explanation

The letters in the equation represent the standard mathematical operations as follows: A represents division (÷) B represents multiplication (×) C represents addition (+) D represents subtraction (-)

Substituting these operations into the given expression: 13 × 145 ÷ 29 + 69 - 17

According to the BODMAS rule, division is performed first: 145 ÷ 29 = 5

Next, perform the multiplication: 13 × 5 = 65

Finally, perform the addition and subtraction: 65 + 69 - 17 = 134 - 17 = 117

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in each pair is defined by adding 11 to the first number to get the second number.

y = x + 11

For the first pair, we have: 23 + 11 = 34

For the second pair, we have: 84 + 11 = 95

Applying this same logic to the number 59: 59 + 11 = 70

Explanation

From the given statements, some Hands are Seconds and all Seconds are Clocks. This means that the portion of Hands that is Seconds must also be part of Clocks. Thus, there is a guaranteed overlap between Clocks and Hands, making the conclusion some Clocks are Hands definitely true.

For the second conclusion, while all Fingers are Hands, there is no direct or indirect link established between Fingers and Seconds or Clocks. Therefore, we cannot definitely conclude that some Fingers are Clocks.

Explanation

To find the day of the week on 16 June 1996 starting from 2 June 1995, we calculate the total number of days between the two dates.

The year 1996 is a leap year, which means February 1996 has 29 days. Therefore, the period from 2 June 1995 to 2 June 1996 consists of 366 days.

The remaining days from 2 June 1996 to 16 June 1996 are 14 days.

Total number of days = 366 + 14 = 380 days.

To find the number of odd days, we divide the total number of days by 7: 380 ÷ 7 = 54 weeks and 2 odd days.

Adding 2 odd days to Friday gives Sunday.

Explanation

The relationship between the terms follows a pattern where each letter is shifted forward by 2 positions in the English alphabetical order.

Analyzing the first pair DMTS to FOVU: D + 2 = F M + 2 = O T + 2 = V S + 2 = U

Analyzing the second pair KGQO to MISQ: K + 2 = M G + 2 = I Q + 2 = S O + 2 = Q

Applying this consistent +2 shift to each letter of the third term: H + 2 = J C + 2 = E M + 2 = O J + 2 = L

This yields the related term JEOL.

Explanation

The words in the given pair, Bitter and Pungent, are synonyms that both describe a sharp, biting, or intense sensory experience of taste or smell. Similarly, Boggle and Wonder are synonyms that both mean to be astonished, amazed, or baffled. Therefore, both pairs share a synonymous relationship.

Explanation

When the letters of the word JOURNEY are arranged in alphabetical order, they become E, J, N, O, R, U, Y. Comparing this to the original word, only the letter Y remains in its original position, meaning the positions of the other six letters (J, O, U, R, N, and E) are changed.

Explanation

The series follows a specific pattern for each position of the letters based on their alphabetical positions.

For the first letter, the numerical position decreases by 3 at each step: 17 (Q) minus 3 is 14 (N) 14 (N) minus 3 is 11 (K) 11 (K) minus 3 is 8 (H) 8 (H) minus 3 is 5 (E)

For the second letter, the numerical position increases by 5 at each step: 3 (C) plus 5 is 8 (H) 8 (H) plus 5 is 13 (M) 13 (M) plus 5 is 18 (R) 18 (R) plus 5 is 23 (W)

For the third letter, the numerical position decreases by 4 at each step: 20 (T) minus 4 is 16 (P) 16 (P) minus 4 is 12 (L) 12 (L) minus 4 is 8 (H) 8 (H) minus 4 is 4 (D)

Combining these results gives the term EWD.

Explanation

To find the code for the word clothes, we compare the two given statements:

First statement: clothes are dirty -> kq pl ns Second statement: wear your clothes -> ns mk jf

The word clothes is the only common word in both sentences. Similarly, comparing the two sets of codes, ns is the only common code present in both. Therefore, the code for clothes is ns.

Explanation

In the expression H - I × J + K ÷ G, where the second plus symbol represents division (daughter of):

H - I means H is the wife of I, which establishes that I is male.

I × J means I is the son of J.

J + K means J is the husband of K, which means K is the wife of J and thus the mother of I.

K ÷ G means K is the daughter of G.

Since K is the mother of I and is also the daughter of G, I is G's daughter's son.

Explanation

By comparing the words KNEW and NECK, the common letters are K, N, and E, which correspond to the common code digits 1, 3, and 9. The only remaining letter in NECK is C, and the only remaining digit in its code is 8, meaning the code for C is 8.

Explanation

The relationship between the three numbers (A, B, C) in each set follows the pattern:

B - A + 10 = C

Applying this rule to the given sets:

First set: 136 - 122 + 10 = 14 + 10 = 24 Second set: 248 - 222 + 10 = 26 + 10 = 36

Applying the same pattern to the set in option D:

258 - 212 + 10 = 46 + 10 = 56

The relationship holds true for the numbers in this set.

Explanation

The series is based on the alphabetical order of letters from B to Z, where the letters at positions that are multiples of 5 (E, J, O, T, Y) are omitted.

The complete sequence of letters after omitting E, J, O, T, and Y is: B, C, D, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, U, V, W, X, Z

Comparing this sequence with the given series, we can identify the missing letters: Between C and F, the missing letter is D. After H, the missing letter is I. Between L and N, the missing letter is M. Between P and R, the missing letter is Q. After X, the missing letter is Z.

Inserting these letters in sequence gives D, I, M, Q, Z.

Explanation

To determine the validity of the conclusions, we analyze the relationships given in the statements:

From the statement that some triangles are pyramids, we know there is an intersection between the set of triangles and the set of pyramids. This partial overlap does not imply that all pyramids are triangles, which makes Conclusion (II) invalid.

From the statement that all triangles are squares and some squares are circles, we have no definite connection established between circles and triangles, or between circles and pyramids. Since the set of circles and the set of pyramids can be entirely disjoint, Conclusion (I) does not logically follow.

Thus, both conclusions are invalid based on the given statements.

Explanation

In the letter-cluster YAC, the alphabetical positions of the letters are Y = 25, A = 27, and C = 29. The differences between consecutive letters are +2 and +2 (25 + 2 = 27, 27 + 2 = 29). This constant +2, +2 pattern deviates from the +2, +3 pattern followed by all other letter-clusters in the group.

Explanation

K is married to L. Since M is the son of L, and Q is the mother of M's mother, L is the mother of M and the daughter of Q. Since L is female, her spouse K must be male, making L the wife of K. R is married to Q, which makes R the father of L. Since L is K's wife, R is the wife's father of K.

Explanation

The series is formed by alternately adding 19 and 14 to the preceding terms.

We can observe this pattern in the latter part of the series: 101 - 82 = 19 115 - 101 = 14 134 - 115 = 19

Applying this alternating pattern of additions starting from the first term: 49 + 19 = 68 68 + 14 = 82

Explanation

The relationship between the numbers in each pair is that the second number is obtained by squaring the first number and then subtracting 9: (x, x² - 9). This pattern holds for (17, 280) since 17² - 9 = 280, and for (22, 475) since 22² - 9 = 475, which matches option C because 13² - 9 = 160.

Explanation

To determine how many letters remain unchanged, we compare the original position of each letter in the word BITUMEN with its position when arranged in alphabetical order.

Original word: Position 1: B Position 2: I Position 3: T Position 4: U Position 5: M Position 6: E Position 7: N

Arranging the letters of BITUMEN alphabetically gives: Position 1: B Position 2: E Position 3: I Position 4: M Position 5: N Position 6: T Position 7: U

Comparing the two sequences: B remains at Position 1. I changes from Position 2 to Position 3. T changes from Position 3 to Position 6. U changes from Position 4 to Position 7. M changes from Position 5 to Position 4. E changes from Position 6 to Position 2. N changes from Position 7 to Position 5.

Only the letter B remains in the same position. Therefore, the position of only one letter remains unchanged.

Explanation

By identifying the mathematical operators represented by the letters, we find that: A represents division (÷) B represents multiplication (×) D represents subtraction (-) C represents addition (+)

Substituting these operators into the given equation: 468 ÷ 52 × 34 - 126 + 83 = ?

Applying the BODMAS rule:

First, perform the division: 468 ÷ 52 = 9

Next, perform the multiplication: 9 × 34 = 306

Finally, perform the addition and subtraction: 306 - 126 + 83 = 180 + 83 = 263

Explanation

The sequence follows the pattern where each subsequent number is obtained by multiplying the previous number by 3 and then subtracting 10.

The general formula for the term a_n in the sequence is: a_n = 3 × a_n-1 - 10

Applying this pattern to the terms of the series: First term = 12 Second term = 3 × 12 - 10 = 36 - 10 = 26 Third term = 3 × 26 - 10 = 78 - 10 = 68 Fourth term = 3 × 68 - 10 = 204 - 10 = 194 Fifth term = 3 × 194 - 10 = 582 - 10 = 572 Sixth term = 3 × 572 - 10 = 1716 - 10 = 1706

Explanation

According to the first statement, all bottles are medicines, which means the set of bottles is entirely contained within the set of medicines. The second statement states that some doctors are bottles, establishing a definite intersection between the set of doctors and the set of bottles. Since the entire set of bottles is inside the set of medicines, the portion of doctors that overlaps with bottles must also overlap with medicines. Therefore, some doctors are medicines, which makes conclusion (I) logically follow.

For conclusion (II), the third statement states that some medicines are capsules, but there is no direct relationship given between bottles and capsules. The set of capsules could intersect with medicines without overlapping with bottles, meaning conclusion (II) does not definitely follow. Only conclusion (I) is logically true.

Explanation

The coding logic involves shifting each letter of the word backward by 9 positions in the English alphabetical order. When the subtraction results in a value less than or equal to 0, we wrap around to the end of the alphabet by adding 26.

Applying this logic to each letter of the word PIEGION:

P (16) - 9 = 7, which corresponds to G I (9) - 9 = 26, which corresponds to Z E (5) - 9 = -4 + 26 = 22, which corresponds to V G (7) - 9 = -2 + 26 = 24, which corresponds to X I (9) - 9 = 26, which corresponds to Z O (15) - 9 = 6, which corresponds to F N (14) - 9 = 5, which corresponds to E

Putting these letters together in sequence yields GZVXZFE.

Explanation

Based on the mathematical operator substitutions: A stands for ÷ B stands for × C stands for + D stands for -

Substituting these operators into the given equation: 79 + 15 ÷ 5 × 3 - 11

Applying the BODMAS rule: First, perform the division: 15 ÷ 5 = 3

The equation becomes: 79 + 3 × 3 - 11

Next, perform the multiplication: 3 × 3 = 9

The equation becomes: 79 + 9 - 11

Now perform addition and subtraction: 88 - 11 = 77

Explanation

Interchanging 'A' (representing '+') and 'X' (representing '×') in the given equation: 20 - 5 + 2 + 4 × 12

We get: 20 - 5 × 2 × 4 + 12

According to the order of operations (BODMAS): First, perform the multiplication: 5 × 2 × 4 = 40

Substituting this back gives: 20 - 40 + 12

Now, performing the arithmetic operations: 20 - 40 + 12 = -8

Considering the absolute value of the resulting number, we get 8.

Explanation

The differences between consecutive terms in the given series form a sequence of consecutive prime numbers starting from 3:

15 - 12 = 3 20 - 15 = 5 27 - 20 = 7 38 - 27 = 11

The prime numbers are 3, 5, 7, and 11. The next prime number in this sequence is 13.

Adding 13 to the last term of the series: 38 + 13 = 51

Explanation

The given word pair Absence and Existence consists of antonyms. The pair Careful and Cautious consists of synonyms, as both words share a similar meaning of showing close attention to avoiding danger or mistakes, thereby failing to represent the antonymous relationship of the given pair.

Explanation

To find the day of the week on 12 April 2013 starting from 14 March 2007, we calculate the total number of odd days between these two dates.

First, calculate the odd days from 14 March 2007 to 14 March 2013: The number of years between 2007 and 2013 is 6 years (2013 - 2007). Within this period, there are 2 leap years (2008 and 2012) and 4 ordinary years. Each ordinary year has 1 odd day and each leap year has 2 odd days. Total odd days from 14 March 2007 to 14 March 2013 = (4 × 1) + (2 × 2) = 8 odd days.

Next, calculate the number of days from 14 March 2013 to 12 April 2013: Remaining days in March = 31 - 14 = 17 days Days in April = 12 days Total days = 17 + 12 = 29 days. Odd days in 29 days = 29 mod 7 = 1 odd day.

Total odd days from 14 March 2007 to 12 April 2013 = 8 + 1 = 9 odd days. Dividing 9 by 7 gives a remainder of 2 odd days.

Adding 2 days to Wednesday gives Friday.

Explanation

For Conclusion I, we are given that all flowers are houses and no vegetable is a flower. This means the set of vegetables cannot overlap with the set of flowers, but it can still overlap with the part of houses that does not contain flowers. Therefore, it is possible for some vegetables to be houses, making Conclusion I follow.

For Conclusion II, we know some houses are trees and all flowers are houses. Since there is no negative constraint between flowers and trees, it is entirely possible for the set of flowers and the set of trees to overlap. Thus, some flowers being trees is a possibility, and Conclusion II follows.

For Conclusion III, because it is possible for vegetables and houses to overlap, we cannot definitely conclude that no vegetable is a house. Thus, Conclusion III does not logically follow.

Explanation

In this mathematical operation puzzle, the letters represent the basic arithmetic operators as follows: A represents ÷ B represents × C represents + D represents -

Substituting these operators into the given equation: 4 × 18 - 5 + 9 ÷ 9

According to the BODMAS rule, division is performed first: 9 ÷ 9 = 1

This simplifies the expression to: 4 × 18 - 5 + 1

Next, perform the multiplication: 4 × 18 = 72

This simplifies the expression to: 72 - 5 + 1

Finally, perform the addition and subtraction from left to right: 72 - 5 + 1 = 68

Explanation

By interchanging the signs - and × in the equation 88 ÷ 8 - 17 × 16 + 40 = ?, we get:

88 ÷ 8 × 17 - 16 + 40 = ?

Applying the BODMAS rule:

First, perform the division operation: 88 ÷ 8 = 11

Substitute this back into the equation: 11 × 17 - 16 + 40 = ?

Next, perform the multiplication operation: 11 × 17 = 187

Substitute this back into the equation: 187 - 16 + 40 = ?

Finally, perform the addition and subtraction operations: 187 - 16 + 40 = 211

Explanation

Comparing the words BALD and DRAB, the common letters between them are B, A, and D. Similarly, comparing their respective codes 7680 and 8097, the common digits are 7, 8, and 0.

By eliminating these common elements, the unique letter in BALD is L, and the unique digit remaining in its code 7680 is 6. Therefore, the code for the letter L is 6.

Explanation

The series is formed by dividing the alphabet into consecutive groups of five letters and omitting the middle (third) letter of each group:

Group 1 (1 to 5): A B C D E. Omitting the third letter (C) gives A B D E. Group 2 (6 to 10): F G H I J. Omitting the third letter (H) gives F G I J. Group 3 (11 to 15): K L M N O. Omitting the third letter (M) gives K L N O. Group 4 (16 to 20): P Q R S T. Omitting the third letter (R) gives P Q S T. Group 5 (21 to 25): U V W X Y. Omitting the third letter (W) gives U V X Y.

Combining these groups sequentially yields the complete pattern: A B D E F G I J K L N O P Q S T U V X Y

Comparing this complete pattern with the given question: First group: A _ D E needs B. Middle groups: F G I J K L N O (with the uppercase L represented as I in _INO) needs J and K. Fourth group: P Q _ T needs S. Fifth group: U V _ Y needs X.

Placing these letters sequentially gives B, J, K, S, X.

Explanation

The relationship in the given pair is based on antonyms. Metaphorically, heart represents warmth, compassion, and emotional sensitivity, while cold represents the lack of feeling, empathy, or warmth, making them opposite concepts. Similarly, demolish and build are direct antonyms, where demolish means to tear down or destroy, and build means to construct or create.

Explanation

Each letter of the first term is shifted forward by 4 positions in the English alphabetical order to obtain the corresponding letter of the second term.

For RSPT to VWTX, the shifts are R + 4 = V, S + 4 = W, P + 4 = T, and T + 4 = X.

For MNKO to QROS, the shifts are M + 4 = Q, N + 4 = R, K + 4 = O, and O + 4 = S.

Applying this same +4 shift to each letter of GHEI gives G + 4 = K, H + 4 = L, E + 4 = I, and I + 4 = M, which yields KLIM.

Explanation

In the given pairs, the relationship between the first number x and the second number y is defined by the formula y = x × (x + 1). For the pair 8 - 75, this relationship is not satisfied because 8 × (8 + 1) = 72, whereas the given value is 75.