RRB NTPC CBT 1 2021 General Awareness Questions with Solutions

Explanation

The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, commonly known as the Rowlatt Act, allowed the British colonial government to detain political suspects without trial for up to two years. In response to this repressive measure, Mahatma Gandhi called for a nationwide protest and urged the public to observe 6 April 1919 as a day of non-violent opposition, fasting, prayer, and hartal (strike), marking the launch of the Rowlatt Satyagraha.

Explanation

Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) are prohibited from accepting demand deposits, such as savings or current account deposits, under Reserve Bank of India (RBI) regulations. Demand deposits are payable on demand through instruments like cheques or drafts, which is a banking privilege restricted exclusively to banks. NBFCs do not form part of the payment and settlement system and cannot issue cheques drawn on themselves.

Explanation

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) was established on April 1, 1935, in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. Set up based on the recommendations of the Hilton Young Commission (Royal Commission on Indian Currency and Finance), it commenced operations as India's central bank to regulate the issue of banknotes, maintain monetary stability, and manage the country's credit system.

Explanation

Rayon is classified as a man-made or semi-synthetic fibre because it is manufactured chemically from regenerated cellulose obtained from wood pulp or other plant sources. The cellulose undergoes a chemical treatment process where it is dissolved and then extruded through tiny holes in a spinneret to create continuous filaments.

Explanation

National Technology Day is celebrated across India on May 11 every year to commemorate the successful Pokhran-II nuclear tests (Operation Shakti) conducted on May 11, 1998, at the Pokhran Test Range in Rajasthan. On the exact same day, India also successfully test-flew its first indigenous aircraft, Hansa-3, and test-fired the Trishul missile, marking a significant milestone in the country's scientific and technological advancement.

Explanation

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), constructed between 1943 and 1945 by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania, is recognized as the world's first general-purpose electronic digital computer. It was fully electronic, Turing-complete, and capable of solving a wide range of numerical calculation problems through reprogramming, marking the foundational milestone in modern electronic computing.

Explanation

Dolomite is a sedimentary carbonate rock composed primarily of the mineral dolomite, chemically identified as calcium magnesium carbonate, CaMg(CO₃)₂. It typically forms through the process of dolomitization, where existing calcite-rich limestone is chemically altered by magnesium-rich fluids during diagenesis, or through direct chemical precipitation in specific aquatic environments.

Explanation

Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. It plays a central role in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis by facilitating the absorption of glucose into peripheral tissues, such as skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and by stimulating the liver to convert excess glucose into glycogen for storage. When blood sugar levels rise after eating, the pancreas secretes insulin to bring glucose concentrations back to normal baseline levels.

Explanation

Debendranath Tagore established the Tattwabodhini Sabha in Calcutta on 6 October 1839, initially under the name Tattvaranjini Sabha. The primary objective of the organization was to promote a rational and monotheistic form of Hinduism based on the Upanishads and to propagate the reformist ideas of Raja Ram Mohan Roy. It also published the monthly journal Tattwabodhini Patrika in Bengali to spread these concepts among the public.

Explanation

In his treatise Arthashastra, Kautilya detailed the administrative structure of the Mauryan empire, including the role of Adhyakshas as superintendents of various state departments. Book 2 of the Arthashastra, titled Adhyakshaprachara, specifically outlines the duties and powers of these departmental heads who overseen economic activities, trade, agriculture, mining, revenue collection, and public administration.

Explanation

The Pulitzer Prizes were established in 1917 through a bequest by newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer. They are administered by Columbia University in New York City on the recommendation of the Pulitzer Prize Board to recognize achievement in journalism, literature, drama, and musical composition across 21 categories.

Explanation

The Dhuandhar Falls is located on the Narmada River at Bhedaghat in the Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh. The name is derived from two Hindi words—Dhuan (smoke) and Dhar (flow)—referring to the dense fog of mist created when the water plunges down a 30-meter drop through the famous Marble Rocks gorge.

Explanation

The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 was enacted based on the recommendations of the Sardar Swaran Singh Committee. Introduced during the National Emergency, it brought sweeping changes to the Constitution, including the addition of Fundamental Duties under Part IV-A and the insertion of the words 'Socialist', 'Secular', and 'Integrity' into the Preamble. Because of the vast scale of amendments it introduced across various sections of the Constitution, it is widely referred to as the 'Mini-Constitution'.

Explanation

In India, Dearness Allowance (DA) paid to central government employees and pensioners is calculated using the Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers (CPI-IW). It measures inflation at the retail level by tracking price changes in a fixed basket of goods and services consumed by the target working population. The CPI-IW index is compiled and published monthly by the Labour Bureau, an attached office of the Ministry of Labour and Employment.

Explanation

The Vinaya Pitaka and Sutta Pitaka, along with the Abhidhamma Pitaka, form the Tripitaka (Three Baskets), which are the sacred canonical scriptures of Buddhism containing the teachings of Gautam Buddha. The Vinaya Pitaka contains the monastic rules and codes of conduct for monks and nuns in the Sangha, while the Sutta Pitaka comprises over ten thousand discourses and sermons delivered by Gautam Buddha and his principal disciples to explain the core doctrines of Buddhism.

Explanation

In Mahayana Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate practitioner who vows to attain full Buddhahood to help all living beings achieve enlightenment, choosing to delay their own final liberation out of infinite altruism. The Bodhisattva path represents the central spiritual ideal of Mahayana Buddhism, emphasizing universal salvation through the practice of perfection virtues known as the Paramitas.

Explanation

Under Muhammad bin Tughluq, the Delhi Sultanate reached its peak territorial extent, covering almost the entire Indian subcontinent. His empire stretched from Kashmir and the foothills of the Himalayas in the north down to Madurai in the south, and from Bengal in the east to Gujarat and Sindh in the west. His military campaigns across the Deccan and southern regions brought vast new areas under the direct administration of Delhi, making his empire the largest in the entire history of the Delhi Sultanate.

Explanation

Colloidal particles are large enough to scatter a beam of light passing through the medium, making the path of the light beam clearly visible. This phenomenon of light scattering by colloidal particles is known as the Tyndall effect.

Explanation

BuyUcoin launched India's first wholesale cryptocurrency trading platform in April 2019. Operating as an Over-The-Counter (OTC) desk, this wholesale platform allows institutional investors, traders, and businesses to buy and sell digital assets in bulk with minimal price fluctuations and improved liquidity.

Explanation

SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) is a technique that uses ultrasonic sound waves to detect, navigate, and measure the distance, direction, and speed of objects under the surface of the water. High-frequency ultrasonic waves emitted by a transmitter travel through water, strike underwater objects, and reflect back to a receiver. By measuring the time delay between emission and reception, as well as the frequency shift, the distance, location, and speed of the object can be calculated.

Explanation

The Earth's equatorial plane and its orbital plane (the ecliptic plane) are inclined to each other at an angle of 23.5°. This inclination corresponds to the Earth's axial tilt or obliquity. Since the Earth's axis of rotation is tilted by 23.5° from the line perpendicular to the orbital plane, the equatorial plane—which is perpendicular to the rotation axis—is tilted by the same angle of 23.5° with respect to the orbital plane. This inclination is the primary reason for the variation in sunlight received across latitudes and the occurrence of seasons.

Explanation

Mallikarjun Kharge assumed office as the Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha on February 16, 2021. A senior leader from Karnataka, he previously served as the leader of the Indian National Congress in the 16th Lok Sabha from 2014 to 2019 and held Union Cabinet portfolios including Railways and Labour and Employment.

Explanation

The Gorakhpur Haryana Anu Vidyut Pariyojana (GHAVP) is located at Gorakhpur village in the Fatehabad district of Haryana. Developed by the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL), this facility is the state's first nuclear power plant, featuring pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs) designed to generate clean electricity for the region.

Explanation

Saprophytic nutrition is a mode of nutrition in which organisms secrete digestive enzymes onto dead and decaying organic matter to break down complex materials into simpler, soluble substances outside their bodies, subsequently absorbing the nutrients in liquid form. Fungi such as mushrooms, yeasts, and molds, as well as certain bacteria, rely on saprophytic nutrition to obtain their energy and essential nutrients.

Explanation

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, which specifies the reference or address used to access a resource on the Internet. It typically consists of a protocol (such as HTTP or HTTPS), a domain name or IP address, and a specific file path. The expansion Uniform Reserve Locator is incorrect.

Explanation

In the 2019 Lok Sabha General Elections, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won 303 seats out of the 542 contested constituencies, securing a clear majority on its own. This result expanded on the party's performance from the 2014 elections and led to the formation of the government under the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), which collectively secured 353 seats.

Explanation

In October 2017, Kandla Port, located in the Kutch district of Gujarat, was officially renamed as Deendayal Port in honor of the politician and thinker Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya. Situated on the Gulf of Kutch, it is one of India's major ports on the western coast and serves as a primary hub for handling bulk cargo and petroleum imports.

Explanation

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was signed in 1947 to promote global commerce by reducing tariffs and other trade barriers. Its headquarters were established in Geneva, Switzerland. GATT served as the primary framework for international trade regulations until 1995, when it was succeeded by the World Trade Organization (WTO), which continues to operate out of Geneva.

Explanation

Wheat is a Rabi crop sown during the winter months from October to December and harvested in the spring season from March to May. It requires a cool growing season and bright sunshine at the time of ripening, along with 50 to 75 cm of evenly distributed annual rainfall.

Explanation

The Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan (PM-SYM) scheme was launched on 5 March 2019 to provide social security and old-age protection to unorganised sector workers. It is a voluntary and contributory pension scheme open to unorganised workers aged between 18 and 40 years with a monthly income not exceeding ₹15,000. Under the scheme, beneficiaries receive an assured minimum monthly pension of ₹3,000 after attaining the age of 60 years.

Explanation

Phishing is a social engineering cyberattack where perpetrators disguise themselves as trustworthy entities through deceptive emails, messages, or fraudulent websites. Their objective is to manipulate individuals into revealing sensitive personal and financial data, such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details, which are then used for identity theft or financial fraud.

Explanation

The Namami Gange Programme is an Integrated Conservation Mission approved as a flagship programme by the Union Government in June 2014. Implemented by the National Mission for Clean Ganga under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, it was established with a budget outlay of ₹20,000 crore to accomplish the twin objectives of effective abatement of pollution and the conservation and rejuvenation of the National River Ganga.

Explanation

The Control Unit (CU) is the component of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) responsible for directing and coordinating all operations of a computer system. It fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, and directs the flow of data between the processor, arithmetic logic unit, memory, and input/output devices by generating appropriate timing and control signals.

Explanation

Eutrophication is the process of nutrient enrichment, particularly with nitrogen and phosphorus, in a body of water. Over time, these nutrients stimulate excessive growth of algae and aquatic plants, known as algal blooms. As this organic matter dies and accumulates at the bottom, oxygen levels decline and the lake bed gradually fills with sediment, leading to the natural biological aging of the lake.

Explanation

John Maynard Keynes published "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money" in 1936, largely in response to the Great Depression. The book introduced fundamental macroeconomic concepts such as aggregate demand, effective demand, the liquidity preference theory of interest, and the consumption function. By emphasizing the role of government intervention and fiscal policy in managing aggregate demand to achieve full employment, Keynes's work revolutionized economic thought and established modern macroeconomics as a distinct branch of economics.

Explanation

Varahagiri Venkata Giri served as the fourth President of India from 24 August 1969 to 24 August 1974. Prior to assuming the presidency, he served as the third Vice President of India from 1967 to 1969. He is also notable for being the only independent candidate to be elected to the office of the President of India, and was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1975.

Explanation

The Peninsular Plateau is the oldest and largest physiographic division of India, covering an area of approximately 16 lakh square kilometers, which accounts for nearly half of the country's total geographical area. It is a triangular tableland composed of ancient crystalline, igneous, and metamorphic rocks, bounded by the Aravalli range to the northwest, the Vindhya and Satpura ranges to the north, and the Western and Eastern Ghats along its margins.

Explanation

Manjira is a major right-bank tributary of the Godavari river. It originates in the Balaghat range of hills in Maharashtra, flows through Karnataka and Telangana, and joins the Godavari river at Kandakurthi in Telangana. Because it is part of the Godavari river system, it does not belong to the Krishna river basin.

Explanation

Bandicoot is the world's first robotic scavenger, developed by the Kerala-based startup Genrobotics, designed to clean drainage systems and manholes in order to eliminate the hazardous practice of manual scavenging. Equipped with a robotic arm and computer vision technology, it can enter underground sewers, clear blockages, and collect sludge without requiring human workers to enter toxic environments.

Explanation

Tapali is a traditional folk dance native to Chhattisgarh, performed along with other regional forms like Dagla, Pali, and Navrani. It is not a dance form of Uttarakhand, which is instead known for traditional dances such as Garhwali, Kumaoni, Chholiya, Jhora, and Chhapeli.

Explanation

Chaudhary Rehmat Ali was a Punjabi Muslim nationalist and a student at Cambridge University who coined the term 'Pak-Stan' (later spelled 'Pakistan') in his 1933 pamphlet titled "Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?". The name was created as an acronym representing the five northern region units of British India: Punjab, Afghania (North-West Frontier Province), Kashmir, Sindh, and Baluchistan.

Explanation

Ant bites inject formic acid (also known as methanoic acid) into the skin, causing pain, swelling, and a burning sensation. Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is a mild base that effectively neutralises the injected acid. Applying moist sodium bicarbonate to the site of the bite triggers a neutralisation reaction, converting the acid into salt and water, which quickly alleviates the irritation and itching.

Explanation

Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a destination-based tax levied on the supply of goods and services across India. It is categorized as an indirect tax because the tax is collected by the seller or service provider from the buyer, shifting the ultimate tax burden onto the final consumer rather than being levied directly on an individual's income or wealth. Introduced on 1 July 2017 through the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act, GST brought a unified national tax structure by subsuming various indirect levies such as central excise duty, service tax, state value-added tax (VAT), and entry tax.

Explanation

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is the primary aerospace and defence manufacturer that produces the indigenous Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas. Designed by the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) in collaboration with HAL, Tejas is a single-engine, delta-wing multirole light fighter aircraft developed for the Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy.

Explanation

The Government of India approved the National Policy for Farmers in 2007 based on the recommendations of the National Commission on Farmers, chaired by Dr. M. S. Swaminathan. The policy aimed to significantly improve the economic well-being of farmers by focusing on asset reforms, access to credit, water and land management, crop insurance, and enhancing farm income rather than just agricultural production.

Explanation

The Lingaraja Temple in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, built during the 11th century by the Somavamshi dynasty, represents the pinnacle of Nagara style architecture, specifically its regional variation known as the Kalinga style. The temple complex showcases key characteristics of Nagara architecture, including a prominent curved shikhara (rekha deula) over the sanctum sanctorum, an adjoining assembly hall (jagamohana), a dance hall (natamandira), and a hall of offerings (bhogamandapa), all aligned along a common axis.

Explanation

Mario Draghi, the former President of the European Central Bank, was sworn in as the Prime Minister of Italy on February 13, 2021, succeeding Giuseppe Conte. He led a national unity government formed to address the economic and public health challenges facing the country during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Explanation

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is defined as the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year. It is a critical demographic indicator used to assess the overall health status of a society, reflecting the availability and effectiveness of healthcare systems, maternal care, child nutrition, and socioeconomic conditions.

Explanation

Miyan Mir (1550–1635) was a renowned Sufi mystic of the Qadiriyya order who lived and spent most of his life in Lahore in the Punjab region. He was a contemporary of Mughal emperors Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan, gaining widespread respect across religious communities for his spiritual teachings. He holds a significant place in the region's cultural history and was invited by the fifth Sikh Guru, Guru Arjan Dev, to lay the foundation stone of the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) at Amritsar.

Explanation

The Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution deals with the administration of tribal areas in the four states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram. Arunachal Pradesh is not covered under the Sixth Schedule; instead, it is governed by special provisions under Article 371H and protected through the Inner Line Permit regime under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873.