RRB NTPC CBT 1 2021 General Awareness Questions with Solutions

Explanation

Percentage of girls = (Ratio share of girls / Total ratio parts) × 100

Given ratio of girls to boys = 13 : 12 Total ratio parts = 13 + 12 = 25

Percentage of girls = (13 / 25) × 100 = 13 × 4 = 52%

Explanation

The Rowlatt Act of 1919 empowered the British government to arrest and detain political activists without trial for up to two years. The widespread public anger against this legislation led to the arrest of prominent leaders Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satyapal in Punjab, which prompted a large peaceful crowd to assemble at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on 13 April 1919 to protest against their arrest and the act.

Explanation

The Central Office of the Reserve Bank of India was initially established in Kolkata in 1935, but was permanently moved to Mumbai in 1937. The RBI Governor sits at the Central Office in Mumbai, where key monetary policies are formulated and overall administration of the central bank is carried out.

Explanation

Saltoro Kangri is the highest peak of the Saltoro Mountains subrange in the Karakoram range, standing at an elevation of 7,742 meters. It is situated in the Siachen Glacier region near the Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL). The peak lies along the Indo-Pak border, separating Indian-administered territory in Ladakh from Pakistan-administered territory in Gilgit-Baltistan. Due to its high altitude and vantage position overlooking the Siachen region, Saltoro Kangri holds significant strategic military importance.

Explanation

The regular session of the United Nations General Assembly opens annually in September, typically on the Tuesday of the third week of the month. During this main session, which runs through December, representatives from all member states gather at the UN Headquarters in New York to hold the high-level General Debate and discuss major international issues across six main committees.

Explanation

India officially became a full member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) at the summit held in Astana, Kazakhstan, on 9 June 2017, joining alongside Pakistan. Prior to gaining full membership status, India had participated in the SCO as an observer state since 2005.

Explanation

The Dawan River, also widely known as the Daman Ganga River, originates on the western slopes of the Western Ghats in the Sahyadri range near Nashik, Maharashtra. It flows westward through Maharashtra and Gujarat before traversing the central plains of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, passing through major administrative and industrial centers such as Silvassa and Dadra. The river plays a critical role in providing irrigation, drinking water, and industrial water supply to the territory before emptying into the Arabian Sea.

Explanation

First-generation computer systems, developed during the 1940s and 1950s (such as ENIAC, UNIVAC, and EDVAC), used vacuum tubes as their core electronic component for logic circuitry and processing. Vacuum tubes functioned as electronic switches to control and amplify electrical signals prior to the advent of solid-state semiconductor technology.

Explanation

A total of 32 children were awarded the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar 2021 by the Government of India. The awards were conferred across six categories, including innovation, scholastic achievements, sports, arts and culture, social service, and bravery, honoring young achievers from 32 districts across 21 states and union territories.

Explanation

According to the 2011 Census of India, Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in the country, with a population of approximately 19.98 crore (199.8 million), accounting for about 16.5% of India's total population.

Explanation

Chondrocytes are specialized cells responsible for synthesizing and maintaining cartilage, a dense flexible connective tissue found in joints, ears, nose, and the respiratory tract. They reside within small cavities called lacunae embedded in the cartilaginous matrix and are not present in human blood.

Explanation

International Yoga Day is celebrated annually on June 21 across the world to raise awareness about the physical, mental, and spiritual benefits of practicing yoga. The United Nations General Assembly officially proclaimed June 21 as International Yoga Day in December 2014, following a resolution introduced by India. June 21 was chosen because it marks the Summer Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, making it the longest day of the year with special cultural and spiritual significance in yoga traditions.

Explanation

Plasmolysis is the process in plant and bacterial cells where the cytoplasm and protoplast shrink away from the cell wall due to the loss of water through exosmosis. This contraction occurs when the cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, causing water to move out of the cell along its osmotic gradient, resulting in a loss of turgor pressure.

Explanation

Statement (1) states "Some notebooks are laptops" and statement (2) states "All laptops are wallets". Combining these two premises yields "Some notebooks are wallets", which converts directly to "Some wallets are notebooks", making conclusion A valid. Additionally, statement (2) asserts that "All laptops are wallets", which by subalternation immediately implies "Some laptops are wallets", making conclusion B valid as well.

Explanation

The Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT) is a premier unit of the Department of Atomic Energy located in Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Founded in 1984 as the Centre for Advanced Technology, it was renamed in 2005 to honor the eminent Indian physicist Dr. Raja Ramanna. The centre is involved in non-military research and development in non-linear optics, lasers, particle accelerators, and related advanced technologies.

Explanation

The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 in Bihar was Mahatma Gandhi's first major political involvement in India and is recognized as the country's first Civil Disobedience Movement. When local authorities ordered Gandhi to leave the district for taking up the cause of peasant farmers forced to cultivate indigo under the oppressive tinkathia system, he defied the official order and was prepared to suffer imprisonment. This refusal to obey an unjust administrative command marked the inauguration of civil disobedience in the Indian freedom struggle.

Explanation

The first population census in India was conducted non-synchronously in 1872 during the tenure of Viceroy Lord Mayo. It marked the beginning of modern systematic demographic data collection in the country. Subsequently, the first complete and synchronous census was carried out in 1881 under Viceroy Lord Ripon, establishing the regular ten-year census cycle in India.

Explanation

Natural resources are naturally occurring substances, materials, or features present in the environment that exist independently of human intervention and possess utility or value for human survival and economic activities. They represent resources provided directly by the natural environment, such as sunlight, air, water, soil, minerals, and living organisms, which are utilized by human society to meet basic physiological, agricultural, and industrial needs.

Explanation

In 1665, the English scientist Robert Hooke examined thin slices of cork—a substance derived from the bark of a tree—under a self-designed compound microscope. He noticed honeycomb-like compartments that resembled tiny rooms or cellulae occupied by monks in a monastery. He coined the term "cell" to describe these hollow box-like structures in his book Micrographia. The structures Hooke observed were actually the dead cell walls of plant tissue.

Explanation

According to the 2011 Census of India, the population density of the country was recorded as 382 persons per square kilometer. Population density is calculated as the number of individuals living per unit area of land. This represented an increase from the 2001 Census, which had reported a population density of 324 persons per square kilometer.

Explanation

In operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, deleting a file or folder sends it to the Recycle Bin. The Recycle Bin serves as a temporary storage area for deleted items, allowing users to restore them to their original location if needed or permanently remove them to free up disk space.

Explanation

Cholera is an acute diarrheal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which spreads primarily through the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium.

Explanation

The Pattiseema Lift Irrigation Project in Andhra Pradesh links the Godavari River with the Krishna River. Located at Pattiseema village in West Godavari district, the project diverts surplus floodwaters from the Godavari River into the Krishna River basin through the Polavaram Right Main Canal to fulfill irrigation and drinking water demands in the Krishna delta and Rayalaseema regions.

Explanation

Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO), now known as Tata Steel, was established on 26 August 1907 by Dorabji Tata, fulfilling the vision of his father Jamsetji Tata. The plant was setup at Sakchi in Jharkhand, which was later renamed Jamshedpur, marking the beginning of India's modern steel industry.

Explanation

Kofi Annan was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Born in Kumasi, Ghana, he was the first UN Secretary-General to be elected from the ranks of the United Nations staff and was co-awarded the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize alongside the UN for his work towards a better organized and more peaceful world.

Explanation

The 44th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1978 deleted the Right to Property from the list of Fundamental Rights by repealing Article 19(1)(f) and Article 31. It simultaneously inserted Article 300A in Part XII of the Constitution, reclassifying the Right to Property as a legal right. Under Article 300A, no person can be deprived of their property except by authority of law.

Explanation

In his book Hind Swaraj, written in 1909, Mahatma Gandhi declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians and had survived only because of this cooperation. He argued that if Indians refused to cooperate, British rule in India would collapse within a year, paving the way for Swaraj (self-rule). This core principle later formed the foundational concept for the Non-Cooperation Movement launched in 1920.

Explanation

Shashi Tharoor was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award 2019 in the English language category for his creative non-fiction book "An Era of Darkness: The British Empire in India". Published in 2016, the book critically examines the devastating impact of British colonial rule on India's economy, culture, and governance, outlining how imperial exploitation impoverished a previously prosperous civilization.

Explanation

Gibberellins are a class of plant growth regulators that primarily facilitate shoot and stem elongation. They promote cell division and cell elongation along the internodes, causing the stem to grow longer and increasing overall plant height. They also play essential roles in breaking seed dormancy, germination, and flowering.

Explanation

Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) was launched on 1st January 2017 by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India. It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme implemented in accordance with Section 4 of the National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013. The scheme provides conditional cash transfers to pregnant women and lactating mothers as partial compensation for wage loss, ensuring adequate rest, proper nutrition, and improved health-seeking behavior before and after delivery.

Explanation

According to the 2011 Census of India, the population density of the country is 382 persons per square kilometer, showing an increase from 324 persons per square kilometer recorded in the 2001 Census. Among the states, Bihar has the highest population density with 1,106 persons per square kilometer, while Arunachal Pradesh records the lowest population density at 17 persons per square kilometer.

Explanation

The name 'Pakistan' was coined by Choudhry Rahmat Ali, a Pakistani nationalist and student at the University of Cambridge, in his famous pamphlet titled "Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?", published on 28 January 1933. The name was created as an acronym representing the five northern regions of British India: Punjab, Afghania (North-West Frontier Province), Kashmir, Sindh, and Baluchistan.

Explanation

Former Foreign Secretary Shyam Saran was conferred Japan's Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star in 2019. The honor was bestowed in recognition of his significant contributions toward strengthening strategic ties and enhancing mutual understanding between India and Japan, both during his tenure as Foreign Secretary (2004–2006) and earlier as Deputy Chief of Mission in Tokyo. Established in 1875 by Emperor Meiji, the Order of the Rising Sun is one of Japan's highest national awards.

Explanation

The Internet relies on packet switching to transmit data across networks. In packet switching, digital data is broken down into smaller blocks called packets, each tagged with header information containing source and destination addresses. These packets are routed independently through the network along optimal paths based on real-time traffic conditions and are reassembled in the correct sequence upon reaching the destination, allowing efficient utilization of network bandwidth.

Explanation

National Organic Chemical Industries Limited (NOCIL) was incorporated on May 11, 1961, in Mumbai. A flagship company of the Arvind Mafatlal Group, NOCIL is India's largest manufacturer and supplier of specialized rubber chemicals, including accelerators, antioxidants, and anti-degradants used primarily in the tyre and rubber-processing industries.

Explanation

Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk and biologist, is known as the Father of Modern Genetics for his pioneering experiments on pea plants (Pisum sativum) between 1856 and 1863. Through his systematic studies, he established the fundamental principles of heredity, discovering how physical traits are transmitted from parents to offspring through discrete units (now recognized as genes). His research laid the groundwork for the core principles of classical genetics, including the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment.

Explanation

Paika dance is a traditional martial folk dance originating from Odisha. It was historically performed by the Paikas, the foot soldiers and warrior militia of the region, to enhance physical fitness and display combat readiness. Dancers wear colourful attire while wielding weapons like swords and shields, performing energetic mock-battle formations and acrobatic maneuvers during major festivals.

Explanation

The Deccan Development Society (DDS), an agricultural NGO based in Sangareddy district, Telangana, won the United Nations Development Programme's (UNDP) Equator Prize in 2019. The award recognized the efforts of its women sanghams (groups) in developing community seed banks, promoting traditional rain-fed millet cultivation, and advancing nature-based solutions to climate change, food security, and biodiversity conservation.

Explanation

Traveling from high latitudes near the Arctic Circle to zero degrees latitude at the Equator, climate transitions from cold polar conditions to warm, humid tropical conditions. This temperature gradient creates a distinct sequence of biomes. Closest to the Arctic Circle is the Tundra biome, characterized by permafrost and low-growing vegetation. Immediately south of the tundra lies the Taiga (boreal forest), dominated by coniferous evergreens. Moving further south into the mid-latitudes brings the Temperate Forests, which feature broadleaf deciduous and mixed trees. Finally, near the Equator, high warmth and year-round moisture sustain the densely vegetated Tropical Rain Forests.

Explanation

India extends longitudinally across roughly 30°, from 68°7' E in Gujarat to 97°25' E in Arunachal Pradesh. Because the Earth completes a full rotation of 360° in 24 hours, each degree of longitude corresponds to a time difference of 4 minutes (1440 minutes ÷ 360°). Thus, a longitudinal difference of 30° results in a time difference of 30 × 4 = 120 minutes, or 2 hours.

Explanation

The Planning Commission of India was established on 15 March 1950 by an executive resolution of the Government of India, based on the recommendations of the Advisory Planning Board chaired by K.C. Neogy. It was created as an extra-constitutional and non-statutory body responsible for formulating India's Five-Year Plans for socio-economic development, with the Prime Minister acting as its ex-officio chairman. In January 2015, the Planning Commission was replaced by NITI Aayog.

Explanation

Diphu Pass is located on the eastern border of Arunachal Pradesh in the Anjaw district at an altitude of approximately 4,587 meters. It forms the strategic tri-junction point where the international borders of India, China, and Myanmar meet, serving as a vital traditional trade and transport route connecting eastern Arunachal Pradesh with Myanmar's Kachin State.

Explanation

The All-India Muslim League adopted the historic Lahore Resolution during its annual session held at Minto Park, Lahore, from 22 to 24 March 1940. Presented by A. K. Fazlul Huq, the Prime Minister of Bengal, the resolution formally demanded the creation of independent sovereign states for Muslims in the northwestern and eastern regions of British India, laying the foundation for the eventual creation of Pakistan.

Explanation

The time period between one full moon and the next full moon is known as a synodic month or lunar month, which averages approximately 29.53 days (29 days, 12 hours, and 44 minutes). This represents the time required for the Moon to complete one full cycle of phases as viewed from Earth. Because Earth moves along its orbit around the Sun while the Moon orbits Earth, the Moon must travel a little extra distance beyond one full 360-degree revolution to align again with the Sun and Earth, resulting in a synodic period that is slightly longer than 29 days.

Explanation

In May 2019, the Reserve Bank of India constituted a six-member Committee on the Development of Housing Finance Securitisation Market under the chairmanship of Dr. Harsh Vardhan, Senior Advisor at Bain | Company. The panel was tasked with reviewing the state of mortgage-backed securitisation in India, assessing current regulations, and recommending measures to deepen the market and align it with international norms.

Explanation

Under the Constitution of India, Fundamental Rights guaranteed under Part III are justiciable, meaning an individual can directly move the Supreme Court under Article 32 or the High Courts under Article 226 for their enforcement if they are violated. Conversely, Article 37 explicitly declares that the Directive Principles of State Policy contained in Part IV are non-justiciable, meaning they are legally non-enforceable by any court, although they remain fundamental principles to guide the state in governance and law-making.

Explanation

Clement Attlee, who later served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951, visited India as a member of the Indian Statutory Commission, popularly known as the Simon Commission. Established in November 1927 under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon, this seven-member parliamentary committee was tasked with reviewing the working of the Government of India Act 1919 and suggesting constitutional reforms. Attlee's experience on the commission provided him with firsthand knowledge of Indian political conditions, which subsequently influenced his decisions regarding Indian independence.

Explanation

In February 2021, the Government approved the establishment of India's 51st Tiger Reserve, the Srivilliputhur-Megamalai Tiger Reserve, located in Tamil Nadu. It was formed by combining the Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary and the Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary, becoming the fifth tiger reserve in the state.

Explanation

Pralhad Joshi served as the Union Minister of Parliamentary Affairs in the Second Modi Cabinet from May 2019 to June 2024. As of December 2020, he concurrently held the portfolios of Minister of Coal and Minister of Mines in the Government of India.

Explanation

Tim Berners-Lee, an English computer scientist working at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research), invented the World Wide Web in March 1989. He authored the original proposal titled Information Management: A Proposal to create a decentralized system that allowed researchers to share and update information across different computers using hypertext.