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సైన్స్ మరియు టెక్నాలజీGS3
GS3

Unified Border Guarding Agency Framework for Internal Security

Source:Indian Express ↗

ఇది ఎందుకు ముఖ్యం

Border management is critical for India's national security, given complex geopolitical dynamics with neighbors. Evaluating structural reforms like a single border agency is a core theme in GS3 Internal Security and border management syllabus.

సారాంశం

The article examines India's current border management framework, which is fragmented across multiple paramilitary forces and agencies. It argues for the consolidation or streamlining of border guarding under a single unified agency or command structure to tackle contemporary security challenges, reduce coordination friction, and enhance national security.

ముఖ్య అంశాలు

  • India's borders are currently managed by multiple security forces (BSF, ITBP, SSB, Assam Rifles) under different ministries, leading to a lack of unified command and coordination issues.
  • The "one border, one force" principle has faced implementation gaps, and overlapping jurisdictions can create security vulnerabilities.
  • A unified or single overarching agency or command structure could streamline intelligence sharing, resource allocation, and operational efficiency along international borders.
  • Rationalising border guarding forces requires structural reforms, overcoming inter-service rivalries, and redefining command chains between the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Ministry of Defence.

ముఖ్యమైన పదాలు

BSF

India’s primary border guarding force under the Ministry of Home Affairs, responsible for securing international borders with Pakistan and Bangladesh.

UPSC context

UPSC Mains Paper III (Internal Security): Essential for studying border management, cross-border infiltration, and the mandate of Central Armed Police Forces.

Source
ITBP

A specialized Central Armed Police Force tasked with guarding India’s high-altitude border with China along the Line of Actual Control.

UPSC context

UPSC Mains Paper III (Internal Security): Crucial for analyzing Sino-Indian border security challenges, mountainous terrain logistics, and force deployments.

Source
SSB

A central border guarding force under the Ministry of Home Affairs responsible for securing India’s open borders with Nepal and Bhutan.

UPSC context

UPSC Mains Paper III (Internal Security): Important for evaluating open-border management, trans-border crime prevention, and community intelligence networks.

Source
Assam Rifles

India's oldest paramilitary force operating under a unique dual-control structure between the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Ministry of Defence.

UPSC context

UPSC Mains Paper III (Internal Security): Tests understanding of institutional friction, Indo-Myanmar border management, and the dual-control dilemma in security forces.

Source

ప్రిలిమ్స్ ఉచ్చు

All border-guarding forces and CAPFs in India operate under the exclusive operational and administrative control of the Ministry of Home Affairs.

All Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) like BSF, CRPF, and Assam Rifles do not operate under the Ministry of Home Affairs alone; Assam Rifles has a unique dual-control structure with the Ministry of Defence.

అనుసంధానమైన స్థిర భావనలు

Internal Security Border Management

What is the origin and mandate of the Department of Border Management in India?

  • Kargil Review: Constituted following the recommendations of the Group of Ministers (GoM) report on reforming the national security system after the 1999 Kargil War.
  • MHA Mandate: Created in January 2004 under the Ministry of Home Affairs to manage international borders, coastal borders, and border infrastructure development.
Internal Security CAPF Deployments

What is the One Border One Force principle and how are CAPFs deployed?

  • Core Concept: Principle stating that each international border should be guarded by a single specialized paramilitary force to ensure accountability and expertise.
  • Allocation: BSF guards Pakistan and Bangladesh borders; ITBP guards the China border; SSB guards Nepal and Bhutan borders.

అంతర-అంశ నమూనాలు

  • Border Management and Civil-Military Fusion

    Border guarding forces like Assam Rifles have administrative control under MoD and operational control under MHA, creating unique bureaucratic hurdles that test civil-military fusion principles.

  • Border Technology and Indigenous Defence Production

    Modern border management increasingly relies on the Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System (CIBMS), linking technology procurement and internal security infrastructure to Make in India initiatives.

Expect a multi-statement question on CAPF deployment, dual-control structures (e.g., Assam Rifles), and the One Border, One Force policy.

అనుసంధాన PYQలు · 2

అనుసంధాన PYQలు · 2

  • 2024MainsGS3

    India has a long and troubled border with China and Pakistan fraught with contentious issues. Examine the conflicting issues and security challenges along the border. Also give out the development being undertaken in these areas under the Border Area Development Programme (BADP) and Border Infrastructure and Management (BIM) Scheme.

  • 2023MainsGS3

    What are the internal security challenges being faced by India? Give out the role of Central Intelligence and Investigative Agencies tasked to counter such threats.