Ecological Sustainability Crisis in India Marine Fisheries Sector
Source:The Hindu ↗
हे का महत्त्वाचे आहे
Crucial for understanding India's blue economy, marine resource sustainability, food security, and the livelihood security of coastal communities.
सारांश
The article examines the deteriorating health of India's marine fisheries, highlighting challenges such as overfishing, declining fish stocks, unsustainable practices, and threats to the livelihoods of coastal fishing communities, emphasizing the urgent need for sustainable marine governance and ecosystem-based management.
मुख्य मुद्दे
- India's marine fisheries are facing severe ecological and socio-economic stress due to overfishing, declining catch per unit effort, and climate change impacts.
- The shift towards intensive commercial fishing and destructive fishing methods threatens long-term marine sustainability and the livelihoods of small-scale traditional fishers.
- Addressing the crisis requires strengthening regulatory enforcement, reforming subsidies to discourage overcapacity, and adopting ecosystem-based fisheries management.
पूर्वपरीक्षा सापळा
Stagnating marine capture yields uniformly affect all fishing sectors across India's coastline.
Aspirants often assume that blue economy initiatives automatically benefit traditional artisanal fishers, missing how commercial bottom trawling depletes inshore stocks.
संबंधित स्थिर संकल्पना
What are the key ecological challenges and governance frameworks for India's marine fisheries?
- Jurisdictional Split: Regulated by both Union and State lists; fisheries within territorial waters (12 nautical miles) are a State subject, while the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is under Union jurisdiction.
- Bottom Trawling: Involves destructive methods like bull trawling and bottom trawling, which scrape the seafloor, destroying benthic habitats and catching juvenile fish.
- Management Shift: A shift from maximum sustainable yield (MSY) to ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) that accounts for predator-prey dynamics and climate shifts.
आंतर-विषय नमुने
Fisheries Subsidies + WTO MC Agreements
WTO negotiations on curbing harmful fisheries subsidies directly intersect with India's domestic livelihood support for millions of small-scale fishers.
Marine Ecology + Climate Change Impact
Climate-induced warming of the Indian Ocean accelerates oxygen depletion and shifts pelagic species, complicating marine spatial planning.
Expect a statement-based question linking declining CPUE, bottom trawling, and WTO fisheries subsidy negotiations.
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