दक्षिण कोरिया-चीन शिखर सम्मेलन पूर्वी एशियाई रणनीतिक संतुलन की परीक्षा लेता है
स्रोत:द हिंदू ↗
क्यों मायने रखता है
दक्षिण कोरिया की US (सुरक्षा) और चीन (अर्थव्यवस्था) के बीच संतुलन साधने की रणनीति, इंडो-पैसिफिक में महाशक्ति प्रतिस्पर्धा के बीच रणनीतिक स्वायत्तता का एक महत्वपूर्ण केस स्टडी पेश करती है। इसके अतिरिक्त, ताइवान जलडमरूमध्य (Taiwan Strait) और कोरियाई प्रायद्वीप में स्थिरता सीधे तौर पर वैश्विक आपूर्ति श्रृंखलाओं और व्यापक इंडो-पैसिफिक सुरक्षा गतिशीलता को प्रभावित करती है, जो भारत की विदेश नीति के लिए निरंतर प्रासंगिक होती जा रही है।
सारांश
South Korean President Lee Jae-myung met with Chinese President Xi Jinping in Beijing, the first such state visit by a South Korean leader in six years. The summit took place under the shadow of North Korea's recent hypersonic ballistic missile tests and heightened nuclear rhetoric. The visit highlights South Korea's complex diplomatic strategy: balancing its essential security alliance with the United States against deep economic interdependence with China, its largest trading partner. Accompanied by executives from major conglomerates like Samsung and Hyundai, Lee sought to revitalize bilateral trade and requested Beijing's leverage to temper North Korean aggression. Regionally, Lee adopted a cautious approach, affirming the 'one-China' principle and remaining neutral on Taiwan Strait tensions, illustrating Seoul's imperative to maintain stability in Northeast Asia.
मुख्य बिंदु
- South Korean President Lee Jae-myung held a summit with Chinese President Xi Jinping in Beijing, marking the first visit by a South Korean leader in six years.
- The high-stakes meeting occurred immediately after North Korea fired hypersonic ballistic missiles and escalated nuclear threats.
- South Korea aims to navigate a delicate geopolitical balance, sustaining economic ties with its top trading partner (China) while relying on the United States for security guarantees.
- Lee's delegation included leaders from top South Korean conglomerates, underscoring an agenda focused on reviving economic engagement and securing supply chains with Chinese tech and automotive firms.
- Diplomatically, South Korea refrained from joining international condemnation of China's recent military drills around Taiwan, with Lee reaffirming respect for the 'one-China' principle to avoid antagonizing Beijing.
महत्वपूर्ण शब्द
'एक चीन' सिद्धांत
A diplomatic position asserting there is only one sovereign state under the name 'China.' Beijing maintains that the PRC is the sole legitimate government and Taiwan is an inalienable part.
UPSC context
GS Paper II (IR); critical for understanding the Taiwan Strait tensions, China's core interests, and India's balanced diplomatic engagement in East Asia.
CATL
The world's largest manufacturer of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles (EVs). Based in China, it dominates the global supply chain for green energy storage technology.
UPSC context
GS Paper III (Economy/Environment); tests knowledge of global EV supply chains, critical mineral dependencies, and India’s efforts toward self-reliance in battery manufacturing.
Samsung
A major South Korean multinational conglomerate (Chaebol) and global leader in semiconductors. It plays a pivotal role in the global electronics and technology value chain.
UPSC context
GS Paper III (Economy); relevant to India's Semiconductor Mission, FDI, and the 'Make in India' initiative within the electronics sector.
Huawei
एक चीनी बहुराष्ट्रीय प्रौद्योगिकी कंपनी जो दूरसंचार (telecommunications) और उपभोक्ता इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स में विशेषज्ञता रखती है। यह 5G सुरक्षा और टेक डिकपलिंग (tech decoupling) को लेकर वैश्विक चर्चाओं में एक प्रमुख केंद्र रही है।
UPSC context
GS Paper III (Internal Security/S&T); involves concepts like 'Clean Network,' telecom infrastructure security, and the US-China technological rivalry.
हुंडई
एक दक्षिण कोरियाई ऑटोमोटिव दिग्गज जिसका भारत में व्यापक विनिर्माण परिचालन है। यह इलेक्ट्रिक और स्मार्ट शहरी गतिशीलता समाधानों (urban mobility solutions) की ओर संक्रमण में एक प्रमुख खिलाड़ी है।
UPSC context
GS Paper III (Economy); highlights successful Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and the growth of India’s automobile manufacturing hub under the PLI scheme.
प्रारंभिक ट्रैप
India explicitly endorses the One-China Principle in all its bilateral joint statements with Beijing.
India follows a 'One-China Policy' (acknowledging the claim), not the 'One-China Principle' (Beijing's absolute claim). India has deliberately omitted mentioning it in joint statements since 2010.
संबंधित अवधारणाएँ
How do Hypersonic Glide Vehicles (HGVs) differ from traditional Ballistic Missiles?
- उड़ान प्रक्षेपवक्र: Ballistic missiles follow a predictable, unpowered parabolic arc. HGVs detach and glide through the upper atmosphere with highly unpredictable flight paths.
- पैंतरेबाजी की क्षमता: HGVs can perform evasive maneuvers mid-flight while maintaining speeds above Mach 5, making them extremely difficult for existing defense systems to track and intercept.
What characterizes the 'Asian Paradox' in East Asian geopolitics?
- Economic vs Security: Regional states depend heavily on China for trade and economic growth, but rely predominantly on the United States for military alliances and security guarantees.
- हेजिंग रणनीति: दक्षिण कोरिया जैसे देश कठोर पक्षधरता (hard alignment) से बचते हैं, और बीजिंग के साथ स्थिर तकनीकी आपूर्ति श्रृंखला (tech supply chains) बनाए रखने की आवश्यकता के साथ अपने US संधि गठबंधन को संतुलित करते हैं।
अंतर-विषय पैटर्न
Limits of 'China Plus One' strategy
South Korean conglomerates engaging Beijing shows that complete technological decoupling in semiconductors and EVs is currently impractical, challenging Western 'de-risking' narratives.
Missile defense vs. Economic coercion
North Korea's hypersonic tests may prompt upgraded US missile defenses (like THAAD) in Seoul, which historically triggered massive, undeclared Chinese economic boycotts against South Korean firms.
Expect a 2026 Prelims question contrasting the 'One-China Principle' and 'One-China Policy' alongside India's evolving stance on Taiwan.
संबद्ध PYQ · 3
संबद्ध PYQ · 3
- 2024MainsGS2
‘The West is fostering India as an alternative to reduce dependence on China's supply chain and as a strategic ally to counter China's political and economic dominance.’ Explain this statement with examples.
- 2023PrelimsGS1
Consider the following statements: 1. Ballistic missiles are jet-propelled at subsonic speeds throughout their flights, while cruise missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial phase of flight. 2. Agni-V is a medium-range supersonic cruise missile, while BrahMos is a solid-fuelled intercontinental ballistic missile. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- 2022PrelimsGS1
Which one of the following statements best reflects the idea behind the "Fractional Orbital Bombardment System" often talked about in media?
