सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने राष्ट्रीय उद्यानों और अभ्यारण्यों के पास खनन पर प्रतिबंध लगाया
स्रोत:द हिंदू ↗
क्यों मायने रखता है
इको-सेंसिटिव जोन (ESZ) और संरक्षित क्षेत्रों के आसपास माइनिंग बफर पर Supreme Court के निर्णय GS3 पर्यावरण के लिए अत्यधिक प्रासंगिक हैं। झारखंड में सारंडा और ससांगदाबुरु का विशिष्ट उल्लेख प्रीलिम्स भूगोल/पर्यावरण मैपिंग के संभावित प्रश्न प्रस्तुत करता है, जबकि वन अधिकार अधिनियम (Forest Rights Act) का समावेश इसे GS2 गवर्नेंस और जनजातीय अधिकारों के लिए महत्वपूर्ण बनाता है।
सारांश
The Supreme Court has instituted a pan-India ban on mining activities within a one-kilometer radius of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. A bench comprising Chief Justice B.R. Gavai and Justice K. Vinod Chandran ruled that such operations are hazardous to wildlife, expanding upon a prior Goa-specific ruling. During the hearing, the court directed the Jharkhand government to officially notify the ecologically sensitive Saranda Wildlife Sanctuary and the Sasangdaburu Conservation Reserve in West Singhbhum district. Furthermore, the court emphasized that the state must safeguard the traditional rights of tribal populations and forest dwellers in the region strictly in accordance with the Forest Rights Act.
मुख्य बिंदु
- सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने वन्यजीवों के लिए खतरों को रोकने के लिए राष्ट्रीय उद्यानों और वन्यजीव अभयारण्यों के 1 किमी के दायरे में सभी खनन गतिविधियों पर अखिल भारतीय प्रतिबंध लगा दिया है।
- यह निर्णय एक पिछले निर्देश का विस्तार करता है जो विशेष रूप से गोवा राज्य (Goa Foundation मामला) पर लागू था।
- SC ने झारखंड सरकार को पश्चिम सिंहभूम जिले में सारंडा वन्यजीव अभयारण्य और ससांगदाबuru संरक्षण रिजर्व को आधिकारिक तौर पर अधिसूचित करने का निर्देश दिया।
- अदालत ने निर्देश दिया कि क्षेत्र के स्थानीय आदिवासियों और वन निवासियों के अधिकारों को वन अधिकार अधिनियम (Forest Rights Act) के तहत संरक्षित किया जाना चाहिए।
महत्वपूर्ण शब्द
पर्यावरण-संवेदनशील क्षेत्र (ESZ)
Designated buffer areas surrounding Protected Areas intended to act as 'shock absorbers' by regulating human activities to minimize ecological damage.
UPSC context
GS-III Environment: Crucial for conservation strategies and implementing the Environment Protection Act, 1986.
Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006
अनुसूचित जनजातियों और अन्य पारंपरिक वन निवासियों के भूमि और संसाधनों पर व्यक्तिगत तथा सामुदायिक वन अधिकारों को मान्यता देने वाला विधान।
UPSC context
GS-II Governance/Social Justice: Key for questions on tribal welfare and community-led conservation.
Saranda Forest
Located in Jharkhand, it is one of Asia's largest Sal forests and a vital elephant corridor, historically designated as a 'Game Sanctuary'.
UPSC context
Prelims Geography/Environment: Tests knowledge of specific biodiversity hotspots and mining-environment conflicts.
National Parks
संरक्षित क्षेत्र की एक श्रेणी जहाँ मानवीय गतिविधियाँ कड़ाई से सीमित होती हैं; चराई और निजी भूमि अधिकार सामान्यतः प्रतिबंधित होते हैं।
UPSC context
GS-III Environment: Essential for understanding the Protected Area Network under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
Wildlife Sanctuary
An area designated to protect specific wildlife species where certain human activities are regulated but not entirely prohibited.
UPSC context
GS-III Environment: Focuses on biodiversity conservation and legal protections for flora and fauna.
Conservation Reserve
Protected areas acting as buffer zones or corridors between other protected sites, established by states after consulting local communities.
UPSC context
GS-III पर्यावरण: इसमें वन्यजीव (संरक्षण) संशोधन अधिनियम, 2002 के माध्यम से शुरू की गई विशिष्ट संरक्षण श्रेणियां शामिल हैं।
प्रारंभिक ट्रैप
Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZ) are uniformly fixed at exactly 1 km around all National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries.
The 1-km limit is an absolute minimum buffer specifically for mining. General ESZ boundaries are site-specific, can extend up to 10 km, and regulate multiple activities beyond just mining.
संबंधित अवधारणाएँ
What is the legal basis and purpose of Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZ)?
- Legal Backing: ESZs are not mentioned in the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. They are notified under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
- Primary Purpose: They act as a "shock absorber" or transition zone from areas of high protection to areas involving lesser protection.
- Activity Categorization: Activities within ESZs are categorized as prohibited (e.g., commercial mining), regulated (e.g., felling of trees), or permitted (e.g., organic farming).
How does the Forest Rights Act (FRA) 2006 apply to Protected Areas?
- Right Recognition: FRA recognizes traditional forest rights of Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers even inside National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries.
- क्रिटिकल वाइल्डलाइफ हैबिटेट: Areas can be declared as 'Critical Wildlife Habitats' for inviolate conservation, but modifying or resettling rights requires the free, prior, and informed consent of the Gram Sabha.
अंतर-विषय पैटर्न
Saranda: Iron Ore vs. Sal Forests
West Singhbhum is both a critical iron-ore mining hub and home to Asia's largest contiguous Sal forest, reflecting the frequent overlapping of mineral wealth and protected ecosystems in Central India.
Sanctuary Notifications vs. Tribal Rights
The ruling reinforces that declaring a sanctuary does not automatically extinguish tribal rights, linking Wildlife Protection Act notifications directly with Forest Rights Act compliance.
2026 की Prelims में सारंडा वन (झारखंड/साल के वृक्ष) को सटीक 1 किमी खनन बफर नियम और FRA प्रावधानों के साथ जोड़कर एक कथन की अपेक्षा करें।
संबद्ध PYQ · 5
संबद्ध PYQ · 5
- 2014PrelimsGS1
With reference to 'Eco-Sensitive Zones', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Eco-Sensitive Zones are the areas that are declared under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. 2. The purpose of the declaration of Eco-Sensitive Zones is to prohibit all kinds of human activities in those zones except agriculture. Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- 2012PrelimsGS1
In which one among the following categories of protected areas in India are local people not allowed to collect and use the biomass?
- 2019PrelimsGS1
Consider the following statements: 1. As per recent amendment to the Indian Forest Act, 1927, forest dwellers have the right to fell the bamboos grown on forest areas. 2. As per the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, bamboo is a minor forest produce. 3. The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 allows ownership of minor forest produce to forest dwellers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- 2013PrelimsGS1
Under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, who shall be the authority to initiate the process for determining the nature and extent of individual or community forest rights or both?
- 2021PrelimsGS1
At the national level, which ministry is the nodal agency to ensure effective implementation of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006?
