समसामयिकी

साइन इन
अर्थव्यवस्थाGS3
GS3

ट्रैकिंग उपकरणों और परमिट के विरोध में राजस्थान के ट्रांसपोर्टरों की हड़ताल

स्रोत:etvbharat ↗

क्यों मायने रखता है

यह हड़ताल शासन और अनुपालन के उस टकराव को रेखांकित करती है जो बाजार मूल्य निर्धारण की समानताओं, समय-सीमा के बदलावों और ट्रांसपोर्ट नगरों जैसी बुनियादी ढांचागत सुविधाओं का समाधान किए बिना VLTDs जैसे तकनीकी अधिदेशों को अपनाने के दौरान उत्पन्न होता है।

सारांश

राजस्थान के परिवहनकर्ताओं ने अनिवार्य व्हीकल लोकेशन ट्रैकिंग डिवाइस (VLTD) दिशानिर्देशों, उपकरणों की अत्यधिक कीमतों (अन्य राज्यों में ₹5,000-₹6,000 की तुलना में राजस्थान में ₹25,000-₹30,000), ई-चालान में देरी और अस्थायी परिवहन परमिट जारी करने में प्रशासनिक देरी के विरोध में अनिश्चितकालीन हड़ताल शुरू कर दी है। यह हड़ताल राज्य के परिवहन क्षेत्र में प्रौद्योगिकी-संचालित शासन और बुनियादी ढांचे की ओर बढ़ने में आने वाली व्यावहारिक चुनौतियों को रेखांकित करती है।

मुख्य बिंदु

  • अनिवार्य व्हीकल लोकेशन ट्रैकिंग डिवाइस (VLTD) अनुपालन, परमिट से जुड़े मुद्दों और ई-डिटेक्शन चालानों के विरोध में राजस्थान में 10,000 से अधिक ट्रांसपोर्टरों की अनिश्चितकालीन हड़ताल शुरू हो गई है।
  • ट्रांसपोर्टर VLTD तकनीक (GPS ट्रैकिंग के समान) का विरोध नहीं कर रहे हैं, लेकिन वे अपने व्यवसाय को चालू रखने के लिए उपकरणों को स्थापित करने हेतु अस्थायी परमिट और अतिरिक्त संक्रमणकालीन समय (transition time) की मांग कर रहे हैं।
  • लागत में एक बड़ा अंतर है: राजस्थान में VLTD स्थापित करने की लागत लगभग ₹25,000–₹30,000 है, जबकि अन्य राज्यों में यह केवल ₹5,000–₹6,000 है।
  • परिवहनकर्ताओं ने तत्काल जानकारी के बिना बड़े पैमाने पर और देरी से जारी होने वाले ई-चालान, RTO और पुलिस द्वारा उत्पीड़न, तथा सीकर रोड पर सरकार द्वारा आवंटित 'परिवहन नगर' (Transport Nagar) में बुनियादी ढांचे के विकास की कमी की भी शिकायत की।

महत्वपूर्ण शब्द

वाहन स्थान ट्रैकिंग डिवाइस (VLTD) अधिदेश (mandate)

केंद्रीय मोटर वाहन नियमों (AIS-140 मानक) के तहत व्यावसायिक और सार्वजनिक सेवा वाहनों के लिए जीपीएस-आधारित रीयल-टाइम ट्रैकिंग डिवाइस और आपातकालीन बटन (इमरजेंसी बटन) लगाना एक अनिवार्य सरकारी आवश्यकता है, जिसका उद्देश्य सुरक्षा और वाहनों की निगरानी (फ्लीट मॉनिटरिंग) को बेहतर बनाना है।

UPSC context

GS Paper III (बुनियादी ढांचा) और GS Paper II (ई-गवर्नेंस); शासन में तकनीकी अपनाने, राज्य नियामक अनुपालन और यात्री सुरक्षा का परीक्षण करता है।of_the_above_options_are_correct`? - (a) Only one - (b) Only two - (c) Only three - (d) All four **Answer: (b)** **Explanation:** - **Statement 1 is incorrect:** Central Water Commission (CWC) is a premier Technical Organisation of India in the field of Water Resources and is presently functioning as an **attached office** of the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Government of India. - **Statement 2 is correct:** The Central Water Commission (CWC) is headed by a Chairman, with the status of Ex-Officio Special Secretary to the Government of India. - **Statement 3 is correct:** The work of the Commission is divided among 3 wings namely, **Designs and Research (D&R) Wing, River Management (RM) Wing and Water Planning and Projects (WP&P) Wing**. - **Statement 4 is incorrect:** Central Water Commission CWC is headed by a Chairman, with the status of Ex-Officio Special Secretary to the Government of India. (It is not headed by the Minister of Jal Shakti). Therefore, only statements 2 and 3 are correct. Thus, option (b) is the correct answer. --- ### **Q2. National Board for Wildlife (NBWL)** With reference to the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL), consider the following statements: 1. It is a "Statutory Organization" constituted under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. 2. It is chaired by the Union Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. 3. The board is "advisory" in nature and advises the Central Government on framing policies and measures for the conservation of wildlife in the country. 4. No alteration of boundaries in national parks and wildlife sanctuaries can be done without the recommendation of the NBWL. How many of the above statements are correct? - (a) Only one - (b) Only two - (c) Only three - (d) All four **Answer: (c)** **Explanation:** - **Statement 1 is correct:** The National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) is a statutory Board constituted under Section 5A of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. - **Statement 2 is incorrect:** The NBWL is chaired by the **Prime Minister** of India. The Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is the Vice-Chairperson of the Board. - **Statement 3 is correct:** It is advisory in nature and advises the Central Government on framing policies and measures for the conservation of wildlife in the country. - **Statement 4 is correct:** It is a very important body because it serves as the apex body to review all wildlife-related matters and approve projects in and around national parks and sanctuaries. No alteration of boundaries in national parks and wildlife sanctuaries can be done without the recommendation of the NBWL. Therefore, statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct. Thus, option (c) is the correct answer. --- ### **Q3. National Green Tribunal (NGT)** With reference to the National Green Tribunal (NGT), consider the following statements: 1. It was established in 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act 2010. 2. The New Delhi is the principal place of sitting of the Tribunal and Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata and Chennai shall be the other four place of sitting of the Tribunal. 3. The Tribunal is not bound by the procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, but shall be guided by principles of natural justice. 4. The NGT has the power to hear all civil cases relating to environmental issues and questions that are linked to the implementation of laws listed in Schedule I of the NGT Act. How many of the above statements are correct? - (a) Only one - (b) Only two - (c) Only three - (d) All four **Answer: (d)** **Explanation:** - **Statement 1 is correct:** The National Green Tribunal (NGT) was established on October 18, 2010, under the National Green Tribunal Act 2010. - **Statement 2 is correct:** New Delhi is the principal place of sitting of the Tribunal, and Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata, and Chennai are the other four places of sitting. - **Statement 3 is correct:** The Tribunal is not bound by the procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, but is guided by principles of natural justice. - **Statement 4 is correct:** The NGT has the power to hear all civil cases relating to environmental issues and questions linked to the implementation of laws listed in Schedule I of the NGT Act. These laws include: 1. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974; 2. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977; 3. The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980; 4. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981; 5. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; 6. The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991; 7. The Biological Diversity Act, 2002. Therefore, all four statements are correct. Thus, option (d) is the correct answer. --- ### **Q4. National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)** With reference to the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), consider the following statements: 1. It is a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. 2. It was established in 2005 following the recommendations of the Tiger Task Force. 3. It was constituted under enabling provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in 2006. 4. The Minister in charge of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is the Chairperson of this Authority. How many of the above statements are correct? - (a) Only one - (b) Only two - (c) Only three - (d) All four **Answer: (d)** **Explanation:** - **Statement 1 is correct:** The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) is a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. - **Statement 2 is correct:** It was established in 2005 following the recommendations of the Tiger Task Force. - **Statement 3 is correct:** It was constituted under enabling provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in 2006, for strengthening tiger conservation. - **Statement 4 is correct:** The Minister in charge of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is the Chairperson of this Authority, and the Minister of State in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is the Vice-Chairperson. Therefore, all four statements are correct. Thus, option (d) is the correct answer. --- ### **Q5. Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI)** With reference to the Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI), consider the following statements: 1. It is a statutory advisory body on Animal Welfare Laws and promotes animal welfare in the country. 2. It was established in 1962 under Section 4 of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960. 3. Shrimate Rukmini Devi Arundale was the pioneer in the establishment of the Board and was its first Chairperson. 4. The Board consists of 28 members, who serve for a term of 3 years. How many of the above statements are correct? - (a) Only one - (b) Only two - (c) Only three - (d) All four **Answer: (d)** **Explanation:** - **Statement 1 is correct:** The Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) is a statutory advisory body on Animal Welfare Laws and promotes animal welfare in the country. - **Statement 2 is correct:** It was established in 1962 under Section 4 of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960. - **Statement 3 is correct:** Well-known humanitarian and Bharatnatyam dancer Shrimati Rukmini Devi Arundale pioneered the establishment of the Board and served as its first Chairperson. - **Statement 4 is correct:** The Board consists of 28 members, including MPs, representatives of animal welfare organizations, and government officials, who serve for a term of 3 years. Therefore, all four statements are correct. Thus, option (d) is the correct answer. --- ### **Q6. Central Zoo Authority (CZA)** With reference to the Central Zoo Authority (CZA), consider the following statements: 1. It is a statutory body established under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. 2. It was established in the year 1992. 3. Every zoo in the country is required to obtain recognition from the Authority for its operation. 4. It is chaired by the Prime Minister of India. How many of the above statements are correct? - (a) Only one - (b) Only two - (c) Only three - (d) All four **Answer: (c)** **Explanation:** - **Statement 1 is correct:** The Central Zoo Authority (CZA) is a statutory body established under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. - **Statement 2 is correct:** It was established in the year 1992 to oversee the functioning of zoos in India and complement the conservation effort. - **Statement 3 is correct:** Every zoo in the country is required to obtain recognition from the Authority for its operation. - **Statement 4 is incorrect:** The Authority consists of a Chairman, ten members, and a Member Secretary. The **Union Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change** is the ex-officio Chairman of the Central Zoo Authority (not the Prime Minister). Therefore, statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. Thus, option (c) is the correct answer. --- ### **Q7. National Ganga Council (NGC)** With reference to the National Ganga Council (NGC), consider the following statements: 1. It was established in 2016 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. 2. It replaced the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA). 3. The Prime Minister of India is the Chairperson of the National Ganga Council. 4. The Union Minister for Jal Shakti is the Vice-Chairperson of the Council. How many of the above statements are correct? - (a) Only one - (b) Only two - (c) Only three - (d) All four **Answer: (d)** **Explanation:** - **Statement 1 is correct:** The National Ganga Council (NGC) was established in October 2016 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. - **Statement 2 is correct:** It replaced the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA), which was constituted in 2009. - **Statement 3 is correct:** The Prime Minister of India is the Chairperson of the National Ganga Council. - **Statement 4 is correct:** The Union Minister for Jal Shakti is the ex-officio Vice-Chairperson of the Council. Therefore, all four statements are correct. Thus, option (d) is the correct answer. --- ### **Q8. Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB)** With reference to the Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB), consider the following statements: 1. It is a statutory multi-disciplinary body established by the Government of India under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. 2. It was established by amending the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, in 2006. 3. It is mandated to collect and collate intelligence related to organized wildlife crime activities and to disseminate the same to State and other enforcement agencies. 4. It is also mandated to assist foreign authorities and international organization in wildlife crime control. How many of the above statements are correct? - (a) Only one - (b) Only two - (c) Only three - (d) All four **Answer: (d)** **Explanation:** - **Statement 1 is correct:** The Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB) is a statutory multi-disciplinary body established by the Government of India under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. - **Statement 2 is correct:** It was established by amending the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, in 2006, and became operational in 2008. - **Statement 3 is correct:** It is mandated to collect and collate intelligence related to organized wildlife crime activities and to disseminate the same to State and other enforcement agencies for immediate action so as to apprehend the criminals. - **Statement 4 is correct:** Under Section 38 (Y) of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, it is also mandated to assist foreign authorities and international organizations concerned to facilitate co-ordination and universal action for wildlife crime control. Therefore, all four statements are correct. Thus, option (d) is the correct answer. --- ### **Q9. Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC)** With reference to the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC), consider the following statements: 1. It is established under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). 2. It is a statutory body constituted under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. 3. It is responsible for appraisal of activities involving large scale use of hazardous microorganisms and recombinants in research and industrial production. 4. The committee is also responsible for approval of proposals relating to release of genetically engineered (GE) organisms and products into the environment. How many of the above statements are correct? - (a) Only one - (b) Only two - (c) Only three - (d) All four **Answer: (d)** **Explanation:** - **Statement 1 is correct:** The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) functions under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). - **Statement 2 is correct:** It is a statutory body constituted under the "Rules for the Manufacture, Use, Import, Export and Storage of Hazardous Microorganisms/Genetically Engineered Organisms or Cells, 1989" framed under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. - **Statement 3 is correct:** It is responsible for the appraisal of activities involving large-scale use of hazardous microorganisms and recombinants in research and industrial production from the environmental angle. - **Statement 4 is correct:** The committee is also responsible for the approval of proposals relating to the release of genetically engineered (GE) organisms and products into the environment, including experimental field trials. Therefore, all four statements are correct. Thus, option (d) is the correct answer. --- ### **Q10. Forest Survey of India (FSI)** With reference to the Forest Survey of India (FSI), consider the following statements: 1. It is a premier national organization under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). 2. It is responsible for assessment and monitoring of the forest resources of the country regularly. 3. It was established in 1981 and is headquartered in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. 4. It publishes the "State of Forest Report" (ISFR) biennially (once every two years). How many of the above statements are correct? - (a) Only one - (b) Only two - (c) Only three - (d) All four **Answer: (d)** **Explanation:** - **Statement 1 is correct:** The Forest Survey of India (FSI) is a premier national organization under the union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). - **Statement 2 is correct:** Its principal mandate is to conduct forest surveys and assess the forest resources of the country regularly. - **Statement 3 is correct:** It was established on June 1, 1981, and is headquartered in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. - **Statement 4 is correct:** FSI is responsible for preparing the biennial "India State of Forest Report" (ISFR), which provides comprehensive data on the forest and tree cover of the country. Therefore, all four statements are correct. Thus, option (d) is the correct answer. --- ### **Q11. National Biodiversity Authority (NBA)** With reference to the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), consider the following statements: 1. It is a statutory autonomous body established under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002. 2. It was established in the year 2003 and is headquartered in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. 3. It performs facilitative, advisory and regulatory functions for the Government of India on issues of conservation and sustainable use of biological resources. 4. No person can apply for any intellectual property right in or outside India for any invention based on any research or information on a biological resource obtained from India without obtaining the prior approval of the NBA. How many of the above statements are correct? - (a) Only one - (b) Only two - (c) Only three - (d) All four **Answer: (d)** **Explanation:** - **Statement 1 is correct:** The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) is a statutory autonomous body established under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002. - **Statement 2 is correct:** It was established in 2003 and is headquartered in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. - **Statement 3 is correct:** It performs facilitative, advisory, and regulatory functions for the Government of India on issues of conservation, sustainable use of biological resources, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their use. - **Statement 4 is correct:** Under Section 6 of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, prior approval of the NBA is mandatory before applying for any intellectual property right (IPR) in or outside India for any invention based on research or information on a biological resource obtained from India. Therefore, all four statements are correct. Thus, option (d) is the correct answer. --- ### **Q12. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)** With reference to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), consider the following statements: 1. It is a statutory organisation constituted in September, 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. 2. It was entrusted with the powers and functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. 3. It provides technical services to the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. 4. It is chaired by the Union Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. How many of the above statements are correct? - (a) Only one - (b) Only two - (c) Only three - (d) All four **Answer: (c)** **Explanation:** - **Statement 1 is correct:** The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is a statutory organization constituted in September 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. - **Statement 2 is correct:** It was subsequently entrusted with powers and functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. - **Statement 3 is correct:** It serves as a field officer and also provides technical services to the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. - **Statement 4 is incorrect:** The CPCB is headed by a **Chairman** appointed by the Central Government (specifically, the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet). The Chairman is usually a highly qualified scientist or environmental specialist, not the Union Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. Therefore, statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. Thus, option (c) is the correct answer. --- ### **Q13. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)** With reference to the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), consider the following statements: 1. It is the apex statutory body for disaster management in India. 2. It was established through the Disaster Management Act, 2005. 3. The Prime Minister of India is the ex-officio Chairperson of the NDMA. 4. It is mandated to lay down the policies, plans and guidelines for Disaster Management to ensure timely and effective response to disasters. How many of the above statements are correct? - (a) Only one - (b) Only two - (c) Only three - (d) All four **Answer: (d)** **Explanation:** - **Statement 1 is correct:** The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) is the apex statutory body for disaster management in India. - **Statement 2 is correct:** It was formally constituted on September 27, 2006, in accordance with the Disaster Management Act, 2005. - **Statement 3 is correct:** The Prime Minister of India is the ex-officio Chairperson of the NDMA. - **Statement 4 is correct:** It is mandated to lay down policies, plans, and guidelines for disaster management to ensure a timely and effective response to disasters. Therefore, all four statements are correct. Thus, option (d) is the correct answer. --- ### **Q14. Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA)** With reference to the Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA), consider the following statements: 1. It was established under the Compensatory Afforestation Fund (CAF) Act, 2016. 2. The National CAMPA is chaired by the Prime Minister of India. 3. The State CAMPA is chaired by the Chief Minister of the respective State. 4. The CAF Act mandates that 90% of the compensatory afforestation funds must be given to the states while 10% is to be retained by the centre. How many of the above statements are correct? - (a) Only one - (b) Only two - (c) Only three - (d) All four **Answer: (b)** **Explanation:** - **Statement 1 is correct:** CAMPA was established under the Compensatory Afforestation Fund (CAF) Act, 2016, to manage the funds collected for compensatory afforestation. - **Statement 2 is incorrect:** The National CAMPA (Governing Body) is chaired by the **Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change** (not the Prime Minister). - **Statement 3 is incorrect:** The State CAMPA (Governing Body) is chaired by the **Chief Minister** of the state, but the executive committee is chaired by the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests. However, the standard governance structure puts the **State Minister of Forest/Environment** or Chief Secretary in key roles. Under the CAF Rules 2018, the Governing Body of State Authority is chaired by the **Chief Minister** of the State. *(Correction: This statement is actually correct as per the rules, but let's look at Statement 4).* - **Statement 4 is correct:** The CAF Act, 2016, mandates that 90% of the funds are to be transferred to the State Funds (State CAMPA), while the remaining 10% is to be retained in the National Fund (National CAMPA). *Let's re-verify Statement 2 and 3:* - National CAMPA Governing Body Chairperson: Union Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. (Statement 2 is incorrect). - State CAMPA Governing Body Chairperson: Chief Minister of the State. (Statement 3 is correct). - Hence, Statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct. (This means 3 statements are correct. Let's adjust the answer key explanation to reflect standard UPSC style). - *Note:* In some source materials, the State CAMPA Governing Body is chaired by the Chief Minister, making Statement 3 correct. Let's assume standard Act details: The Governing Body of State Authority is chaired by the Chief Minister. The Governing Body of National Authority is chaired by the Union Minister of Environment. Thus, Statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct (Three statements). If the question considers only 2 correct, it might be due to a specific nuance. Let's stick to: **Three statements are correct (Option c)**. *Revision of Answer for Q14:* If Statement 3 is correct, then **Only three** statements are correct. Let's double-check the CAF Act, 2016: - **National Authority Governing Body:** Chaired by Minister, MoEFCC. (Statement 2 is incorrect). - **State Authority Governing Body:** Chaired by Chief Minister. (Statement 3 is correct). - **Distribution:** 90% to States, 10% to Centre. (Statement 4 is correct). - **Establishment:** CAF Act 2016. (Statement 1 is correct). Therefore, **three** statements (1, 3, 4) are correct. (Option c). --- ### **Q15. Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE)** With reference to the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE), consider the following statements: 1. It is an autonomous organisation or society under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. 2. It was established in 1986 and is headquartered in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. 3. It is declared as a statutory body under the Indian Forest Act, 1927. 4. It conducts forestry research, transfers the technologies developed to the states and other user agencies, and imparts forestry education. How many of the above statements are correct? - (a) Only one - (b) Only two - (c) Only three - (d) All four **Answer: (c)** **Explanation:** - **Statement 1 is correct:** The Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) is an autonomous organization (registered as a society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860) under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. - **Statement 2 is correct:** It was established in 1986 (reorganized in 1991 as an autonomous society) and is headquartered in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. - **Statement 3 is incorrect:** ICFRE is **not** a statutory body. It is an autonomous society registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. - **Statement 4 is correct:** Its main objectives are to conduct forestry research, transfer the technologies developed to the states and other user agencies, and impart forestry education. Therefore, statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct. Thus, option (c) is the correct answer. --- ### **Summary Table of Environmental Organizations** | S.No | Organization | Act / Basis of Establishment | Year | Headed By (Chairperson) | Headquarters / Key Detail | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **1** | **Central Water Commission (CWC)** | Executive (Attached Office, Ministry of Jal Shakti) | 1945 | Chairman (Ex-Officio Special Secretary) | New Delhi | | **2** | **National Board for Wildlife (NBWL)** | Statutory (Wildlife Protection Act, 1972) | 2003 | **Prime Minister** | New Delhi | | **3** | **National Green Tribunal (NGT)** | Statutory (NGT Act, 2010) | 2010 | Retired Judge of Supreme Court | Principal Bench: New Delhi | | **4** | **National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)** | Statutory (Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 - amended 2006) | 2005 | **Union Minister of MoEFCC** | New Delhi | | **5** | **Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI)** | Statutory (Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960) | 1962 | Appointed by Government (First: Rukmini Devi Arundale) | Ballabhgarh, Haryana (shifted from Chennai) | | **6** | **Central Zoo Authority (CZA)** | Statutory (Wildlife Protection Act, 1972) | 1992 | **Union Minister of MoEFCC** | New Delhi | | **7** | **National Ganga Council (NGC)** | Statutory (Environment Protection Act, 1986) | 2016 | **Prime Minister** | Replaced NGRBA | | **8** | **Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB)** | Statutory (Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 - amended 2006) | 2007 | Director (IPS Officer) | New Delhi | | **9** | **Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC)** | Statutory (Rules 1989 under Environment Protection Act, 1986) | 1989 | Special Secretary/Additional Secretary, MoEFCC | New Delhi | | **10** | **Forest Survey of India (FSI)** | Executive (Subordinate Office under MoEFCC) | 1981 | Director General | Dehradun, Uttarakhand | | **11** | **National Biodiversity Authority (NBA)** | Statutory (Biological Diversity Act, 2002) | 2003 | Chairman (Appointed by Central Gov) | Chennai, Tamil Nadu | | **12** | **Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)** | Statutory (Water Act, 1974) | 1974 | Chairman (Appointed by Central Gov) | New Delhi | | **13** | **National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)** | Statutory (Disaster Management Act, 2005) | 2005 | **Prime Minister** | New Delhi | | **14** | **CAMPA (National)** | Statutory (Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act, 2016) | 2016 | **Union Minister of MoEFCC** | New Delhi (90:10 Fund split) | | **15** | **Indian Council of Forestry Research & Edu (ICFRE)** | Autonomous Society (Societies Registration Act, 1860) | 1986 | Director General | Dehradun, Uttarakhand | --- *Keep revising these core facts as they are highly tested in the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination!*

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क्षेत्रीय परिवहन कार्यालय (RTO)

मोटर वाहन अधिनियम, 1988 के तहत गठित राज्य-प्रशासित एजेंसियां, जो वाहन पंजीकरण, ड्राइविंग लाइसेंस जारी करने, सड़क कर एकत्र करने और सुरक्षा एवं उत्सर्जन मानकों के साथ वाहनों का अनुपालन सुनिश्चित करने के लिए जिम्मेदार हैं।

UPSC context

GS Paper II (वैधानिक निकाय और शासन); प्रशासनिक संरचनाओं, प्राधिकरण के विकेंद्रीकरण और राज्यों में सार्वजनिक सेवा वितरण प्रणालियों का परीक्षण करता है।

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वाहन (VAHAN) पोर्टल

सड़क परिवहन और राजमार्ग मंत्रालय (MoRTH) के तहत राष्ट्रीय सूचना विज्ञान केंद्र (NIC) द्वारा विकसित एक केंद्रीकृत, क्लाउड-आधारित राष्ट्रीय वाहन रजिस्ट्री एप्लीकेशन, जिसका उद्देश्य पूरे भारत में वाहन पंजीकरण, फिटनेस प्रमाणपत्र और कराधान को डिजिटल बनाना और प्रबंधित करना है।_

UPSC context

GS Paper II (ई-गवर्नेंस); डिजिटल पब्लिक इंफ्रास्ट्रक्चर, केंद्रीकृत डेटाबेस प्रबंधन, इंटरऑपरेबिलिटी और पारदर्शी सेवा वितरण का परीक्षण करता है।

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ई-चालान प्रणाली

केंद्रीयकृत डेटाबेस के साथ एकीकृत एक कंप्यूटर-जनरेटित ट्रैफ़िक चालान एप्लिकेशन जो प्रवर्तन को स्वचालित करता है, डिजिटल रूप से सम्मन (citations) जारी करता है, और सड़क सुरक्षा तथा पारदर्शिता में सुधार के लिए ऑनलाइन जुर्माना भुगतान की सुविधा प्रदान करता है।

UPSC context

GS Paper II (ई-गवर्नेंस और प्रशासनिक सुधार); यह कानून प्रवर्तन में प्रौद्योगिकी को अपनाने, पारदर्शिता और भ्रष्टाचार विरोधी उपायों का परीक्षण करता है।

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मोटर वाहन अधिनियम, 1988

भारत में सड़क परिवहन के सभी वाहनों को विनियमित करने वाला केंद्रीय कानून, जिसमें चालक लाइसेंसिंग (ड्राइवर लाइसेंसिंग), वाहन पंजीकरण, परिवहन परमिट और सड़क सुरक्षा नियम शामिल हैं, जो RTOs के लिए कानूनी आधार के रूप में कार्य करता है।

UPSC context

GS Paper II (सरकारी नीतियां और हस्तक्षेप); यह परिवहन नेटवर्क, सार्वजनिक सुरक्षा और अंतरराज्यीय लॉजिस्टिक्स को विनियमित करने वाले वैधानिक कानूनों की समझ का परीक्षण करता है।

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प्रारंभिक ट्रैप

AIS 140 मानक यह अनिवार्य करता है कि सभी वाणिज्यिक और निजी वाहनों को वास्तविक समय (real-time) की ट्रैकिंग के लिए विशेष रूप से भारत के NavIC सिस्टम का ही उपयोग करना होगा।

AIS 140 दोहरे उपग्रह समर्थन (GPS + NavIC) को अनिवार्य बनाता है और यह सार्वजनिक परिवहन तथा वाणिज्यिक वाहनों पर लागू होता है, न कि व्यक्तिगत निजी यात्री कारों पर।

संबंधित अवधारणाएँ

Science and Technology - Space

NavIC क्या है और यह कैसे काम करता है?

  • तारामंडल सेटअप (Constellation setup): भारत और उसकी सीमाओं से 1,500 किमी दूर तक के क्षेत्र को कवर करने के लिए 7 उपग्रहों (3 भू-स्थिर (geostationary), 4 भू-तुल्यकालिक (geosynchronous)) का उपयोग करता है।
  • दोहरी आवृत्ति बैंड (Dual-frequency bands): यह L5 और S-बैंड आवृत्तियों (frequencies) पर काम करता है, जो मानक सिंगल-फ्रीक्वेंसी GPS की तुलना में अधिक सटीकता (20 मीटर से कम) प्रदान करता है।
  • रणनीतिक स्वायत्तता: रणनीतिक संकटों के दौरान विदेशी GPS नेटवर्क पर निर्भरता को समाप्त करने और स्वतंत्र पोजिशनिंग सेवाएं सुरक्षित करने के लिए ISRO द्वारा विकसित किया गया है।
Governance - E-Governance

ई-ट्रांसपोर्ट मिशन मोड प्रोजेक्ट (eTransport Mission Mode Project) क्या है?

  • एकीकृत डेटाबेस: यह NIC द्वारा प्रबंधित एक केंद्रीकृत राष्ट्रीय रिपॉजिटरी में वाहन पंजीकरण (Vahan) और ड्राइविंग लाइसेंस (Sarathi) को समेकित करता है।
  • डिजिटल प्रवर्तन: toll plaza डेटा और स्पीड कैमरों को परिवहन डेटाबेस के साथ एकीकृत करते हुए, eChallans का उपयोग करके यातायात अनुपालन को स्वचालित करता है।
  • आपातकालीन एकीकरण: Links real-time vehicle location tracking devices (VLTD) with the national Emergency Response Support System (ERSS-112).

अंतर-विषय पैटर्न

  • डिजिटल संघवाद बनाम नियामक घर्षण

    केंद्रीयकृत तकनीकी ढांचे (eTransport MMP) को स्थानीयकृत विक्रेता एकाधिकार, मूल्य निर्धारण में असमानताओं और प्रशासनिक तैयारियों की कमी के कारण राज्य स्तर पर घर्षण का सामना करना पड़ता है।

  • Space Tech in Public Safety

    Leveraging indigenous dual-band satellite systems (NavIC) for public transport tracking under the Nirbhaya Framework bridges space capabilities with women's safety.

AIS-140 मानक की दोहरी NavIC-GPS आवश्यकता और Vahan/Sarathi डेटाबेस के साथ इसका संरेखण (alignment) 2026 GS-3 के प्रश्नों के लिए एक प्रमुख विषय है।

संबद्ध PYQ · 2

संबद्ध PYQ · 2

  • 2021RPSC_PRELIMSGS1

    The State Remote Sensing Application Centre, operating under the Department of Science and Technology, is located in

  • 2025RPSC_PRELIMSGS1

    What has been formed in place of the Chief Minister Rajasthan Economic Reforms Advisory Council (CMRETAC)?