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अर्थव्यवस्थाGS3
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संसद में कृषि संकट और मानव-वन्यजीव संघर्ष से जुड़े मुद्दे

स्रोत:द हिंदू ↗

क्यों मायने रखता है

This article perfectly captures three distinct and recurring UPSC themes using real-world examples: the ground realities of agricultural procurement and MSP failure in Odisha, the federal tensions over managing human-wildlife conflict (Concurrent List vs State rights) in Kerala, and the sociological/economic impact of the Indian diaspora and brain drain.

सारांश

Opposition MPs in the Rajya Sabha raised alarms over multiple national crises, primarily focusing on agrarian distress, human-wildlife conflict, and surging outward migration. In Odisha, a collapse in paddy procurement and crop insurance failures have forced farmers into distress sales below the MSP. In Kerala, escalating human-animal conflicts have led to 555 deaths, driving demands to classify wild boars as vermin—a request denied by the Centre, sparking criticism of the inclusion of forests in the Concurrent List. Concurrently, an alarming 'brain drain' was highlighted, with 25 lakh Indians migrating annually and 2 lakh renouncing their citizenship each year.

मुख्य बिंदु

  • ओडिशा निष्क्रिय मंडियों, मनमानी खरीद सीमा, अनुचित कटौती (कटनी-छटनी) और न्यूनतम समर्थन मूल्य (MSP) से कम पर धान की संकटपूर्ण बिक्री के कारण गंभीर कृषि संकट का सामना कर रहा है।
  • Crop insurance has failed to provide timely compensation to farmers in Odisha, pushing many into a debt trap.
  • Kerala reported 555 deaths from human-wildlife conflict since 2019-20, prompting demands to declare wild boars as vermin to allow culling.
  • The Centre rejected Kerala's request to classify wild boars as vermin, despite having previously granted similar status in Bihar and Uttarakhand.
  • MPs criticized the historical shift of 'forest and environment' to the Concurrent List, arguing it restricts states from managing wildlife conflicts effectively.
  • Outward migration is surging, with 25 lakh Indians leaving annually for education or employment, and roughly 2 lakh citizens renouncing their citizenship each year between 2022 and 2024.
  • India currently has an 18-million-strong diaspora, making it the largest source of international migrants globally, which has raised concerns over an ongoing 'brain drain'.

महत्वपूर्ण शब्द

Minimum Support Price (MSP)

A government-assured minimum price for agricultural produce, acting as a safety net against market price volatility and preventing distress sales by farmers.

UPSC context

GS पेपर 3: कृषि। कृषि सब्सिडी, खरीद और कृषि मूल्य नीति से संबंधित विषयों के लिए महत्वपूर्ण।

Source
Concurrent List

List III of the Seventh Schedule containing 52 subjects (e.g., forests, education) on which both the Union and State governments can legislate.

UPSC context

GS Paper 2: Polity and Federalism. Essential for understanding legislative powers and the division of subjects.

Source
Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972

The primary legal framework for the protection of wild animals, birds, and plants, and for managing their habitats through a system of graded protection schedules.

UPSC context

GS Paper 3: Environment. Crucial for conservation, human-wildlife conflict, and species-specific protection laws.

Source
Vermin

Wild animals or birds identified as harmful to crops, life, or property; the Centre can declare a species as vermin under Section 62 of the WPA to permit hunting.

UPSC context

GS Paper 3: Environment/Ecology. Relevant for discussions on human-wildlife conflict management and legal amendments.

Source
Rajya Sabha

The 'Council of States' or Upper House of the Indian Parliament; a permanent body representing the federal interests of States and Union Territories.

UPSC context

GS Paper 2: Polity. Fundamental to the Indian parliamentary system and federal checks and balances.

Source
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)

India's flagship yield-based crop insurance scheme providing comprehensive coverage against natural calamities, pests, and diseases to stabilize farmers' income.

UPSC context

GS Paper 3: Agriculture. Tests knowledge of risk management in farming and government welfare interventions.

Source

प्रारंभिक ट्रैप

"State governments hold the statutory power to notify problematic wild animals as 'vermin' under the Wildlife Protection Act."

Only the Central Government can notify animals as vermin under Section 62 of the WPA, 1972, though State governments send the proposals/requests.

संबंधित अवधारणाएँ

Polity & Governance / Environment

How did 'Forests' and 'Wildlife' shift to the Concurrent List?

  • 42nd Amendment (1976): Shifted five subjects, including 'Forests' and 'Protection of Wild Animals and Birds', from the State List to the Concurrent List.
  • Central Supremacy: Under Article 254, Central legislation (like the WPA 1972) prevails over State laws, giving the Centre final authority on issues like declaring species as vermin.
Economy (Agriculture)

What structural bottlenecks limit the effectiveness of MSP procurement?

  • मंडी की अकुशलताएं: Administrative delays, procurement caps, and infrastructural gaps at APMC mandis frequently deny farmers timely access, forcing distress sales.
  • Arbitrary Deductions: Informal 'Katni-Chatni' (arbitrary deductions by millers for perceived moisture or quality drops) artificially depresses the actual price realized by farmers below the official MSP.

अंतर-विषय पैटर्न

  • Wildlife management & Federal friction

    The Centre's exclusive power to declare vermin under WPA 1972 frequently clashes with State governments facing localized human-animal conflict, highlighting stress points in environmental federalism.

  • Brain drain vs. Demographic dividend

    The rising trend of citizenship renunciation among skilled professionals (roughly 2 lakh annually) directly challenges India's ability to capitalize on its much-touted demographic dividend.

A 2026 Prelims question mapping the 42nd Amendment's shift of wildlife to the Concurrent List against the Centre's power to declare vermin.

संबद्ध PYQ · 4

संबद्ध PYQ · 4

  • 2018MainsGS3

    What do you mean by Minimum Support Price (MSP)? How will MSP rescue the farmers from the low income trap?

  • 2017MainsGS3

    How do subsidies affect the cropping pattern, crop diversity and economy of farmers? What is the significance of crop insurance, minimum support price and food processing for small and marginal farmers?

  • 2024PrelimsGS1

    Consider the following statements : Statement-I: The Indian Flying Fox is placed under the "vermin" category in the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. Statement-II : The Indian Flying Fox feeds on the blood of other animals. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements ?

  • 2023MainsGS2

    Indian diaspora has scaled new heights in the West. Describe its economic and political benefits for India.