समसामयिकी

साइन इन
भूगोलGS3
GS3

उत्तर प्रदेश ने हरित आवरण के लिए बड़े पैमाने पर वनीकरण अभियान शुरू किया

स्रोत:द हिंदू ↗

क्यों मायने रखता है

UPPSC अक्सर उत्तर प्रदेश-विशिष्ट पर्यावरणीय लक्ष्यों, वन आवरण रैंकिंग, नए संस्थानों (जैसे आगामी वानिकी विश्वविद्यालय) और स्वच्छ ऊर्जा पहलों (जैसे अयोध्या का पहला सौर शहर बनना) पर ध्यान केंद्रित करता है। यह लेख प्रारंभिक परीक्षा के पर्यावरण और UP GK दोनों खंडों के लिए अत्यधिक प्रासंगिक है।turn

सारांश

उत्तर प्रदेश के मुख्यमंत्री योगी आदित्यनाथ ने 'एक पेड़ मां के नाम' अभियान के तहत एक ही दिन में 35 करोड़ पौधे लगाने के लिए एक विशाल पर्यावरण अभियान की शुरुआत की। मुख्यमंत्री ने भारत में हरित क्षेत्र (ग्रीन कवर) के विस्तार में उत्तर प्रदेश के दूसरे स्थान पर होने (भारतीय वन सर्वेक्षण, देहरादून के अनुसार) पर प्रकाश डाला, और गोरखपुर में एक नए वानिकी विश्वविद्यालय (Forestry University) की स्थापना की योजनाओं की घोषणा की। इसके अतिरिक्त, इस कार्यक्रम में उत्तर प्रदेश की स्वच्छ ऊर्जा उपलब्धियों को भी प्रदर्शित किया गया, जिसमें अयोध्या को राज्य के पहले सोलर सिटी के रूप में विकसित करना, पीएम सूर्य घर: मुफ्त बिजली योजना को बढ़ावा देना, वृक्षारोपण करने वाले किसानों के लिए कार्बन क्रेडिट फाइनेंस योजना को लागू करना और बड़े पैमाने पर LED स्ट्रीट लाइटिंग की ओर बदलाव को पूरा करना शामिल है।

मुख्य बिंदु

  • उत्तर प्रदेश ने 12 जुलाई, 2026 को एक ही दिन में 35 करोड़ पौधे लगाने के लक्ष्य के साथ 'एक पेड़ माँ के नाम' अभियान के तहत एक मेगा-वृक्षारोपण अभियान शुरू किया।
  • भारतीय वन सर्वेक्षण (FSI), देहरादून की रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, उत्तर प्रदेश हरियाली और वन क्षेत्र में वृद्धि के मामले में भारत में दूसरे स्थान पर है।
  • मुख्यमंत्री योगी आदित्यनाथ ने गोरखपुर में एक समर्पित वानिकी विश्वविद्यालय (Forestry University) के आगामी निर्माण की घोषणा की।
  • राज्य की 'कार्बन क्रेडिट फाइनेंस स्कीम' (Carbon Credit Finance Scheme) के तहत, अपने निजी कृषि खेतों पर पेड़ लगाने वाले किसानों को वित्तीय प्रोत्साहन और लाभ प्रदान किए जाते हैं।
  • अयोध्या को उत्तर प्रदेश के पहले सोलर सिटी (सौर शहर) के रूप में नामित और विकसित किया गया है, जहाँ स्ट्रीटलाइट्स और सरकारी इमारतें स्थानीय रूप से उत्पन्न सौर ऊर्जा से संचालित होती हैं।
  • मुख्यमंत्री ने गोरखपुर लिंक एक्सप्रेसवे पर भगवानपुर टोल प्लाजा के पास प्रतीकात्मक रूप से 'त्रिवेणी' के पौधे (जो नीम, पीपल और बरगद के पेड़ों के एक पवित्र त्रय का प्रतिनिधित्व करते हैं) लगाए।
  • 2017 से, यूपी सरकार ने पारंपरिक हैलोजन स्ट्रीट लाइटों को LED लाइटों से बदल दिया है, जिससे 100 करोड़ रुपये की बचत हुई है और कार्बन उत्सर्जन में काफी कमी आई है।
  • PM उज्ज्वला योजना के तहत उत्तर प्रदेश में 2 करोड़ से अधिक परिवारों को मुफ्त रसोई गैस कनेक्शन मिले हैं, जिसकी राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर पहुंच 10 करोड़ कनेक्शन की है।

महत्वपूर्ण शब्द

एक पेड़ माँ के नाम अभियान

भारत के हरित आवरण को बढ़ाने, भूमि क्षरण को रोकने और सूखा अनुकूलन क्षमता के निर्माण के उद्देश्य से, नागरिकों को अपनी माताओं के सम्मान में पेड़ लगाने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करने हेतु 2024 में शुरू किया गया एक देशव्यापी वनीकरण अभियान।

UPSC context

GS Paper III (Environment); यह समुदाय के नेतृत्व वाले संरक्षण और राष्ट्रीय हरित नीतियों की समझ का परीक्षण करता है।

Source
पीएम सूर्य घर: मुफ्त बिजली योजना

फरवरी 2024 में शुरू की गई केंद्र सरकार की एक योजना, जिसका उद्देश्य सब्सिडी और रियायती ऋणों के माध्यम से रूफटॉप सोलर (छत पर सौर ऊर्जा) स्थापनाओं द्वारा एक करोड़ घरों को हर महीने 300 यूनिट तक मुफ्त बिजली प्रदान करना है।

UPSC context

GS Paper III (Infrastructure & Renewable Energy); यह विकेंद्रीकृत स्वच्छ ऊर्जा नीतियों और सौर ऊर्जा अपनाने से जुड़े ज्ञान का परीक्षण करता है।

Source
कार्बन क्रेडिट फाइनेंस स्कीम

उत्तर प्रदेश की एक अभिनव कृषि-वानिकी (agroforestry) पहल जो पेड़ लगाने वाले किसानों को वैश्विक कार्बन बाजारों से जोड़ती है, विशेष रूप से कृषि समुदायों को अपनी भूमि पर पेड़ लगाने और उन्हें संरक्षित करने के लिए प्रेरित करने हेतु अग्रिम आंशिक भुगतान (advance partial payments) प्रदान करती है।

UPSC context

GS Paper III (कृषि वानिकी और कार्बन बाजार); यह बाजार-आधारित पर्यावरणीय समाधानों और किसानों के लिए जलवायु वित्तपोषण के ज्ञान का परीक्षण करता है।

Source
भारतीय वन सर्वेक्षण (FSI)

MoEFCC के तहत एक प्रमुख राष्ट्रीय संगठन, जिसकी स्थापना 1981 में देहरादून में हुई थी, जो समय-समय पर वन सर्वेक्षण, सूची तैयार करने और द्विवार्षिक 'इंडिया स्टेट ऑफ फॉरेस्ट रिपोर्ट' (ISFR) प्रकाशित करने के लिए जिम्मेदार है।

UPSC context

GS Paper III (Environment & Forests); यह राष्ट्रीय पारिस्थितिक मूल्यांकन निकायों (national ecological assessment bodies) और वन-अवरण मापन उपकरणों (forest-cover measurement tools) के ज्ञान का परीक्षण करता है।

Source
पीएम उज्ज्वला योजना

पेट्रोलियम और प्राकृतिक गैस मंत्रालय द्वारा 2016 में शुरू की गई एक सामाजिक कल्याण योजना, जिसका उद्देश्य गरीब महिलाओं को बिना जमा राशि (deposit-free) के LPG कनेक्शन प्रदान करना है, ताकि घरेलू वायु प्रदूषण को कम किया जा सके और स्वास्थ्य की रक्षा की जा सके।

UPSC context

GS Paper II और III (कल्याणकारी योजनाएं और ऊर्जा तक पहुंच); यह लिंग-समावेशी (gender-inclusive) ऊर्जा नीतियों और सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य हस्तक्षेपों के ज्ञान का परीक्षण करता है।

Source

प्रारंभिक ट्रैप

भारतीय वन सर्वेक्षण (Forest Survey of India) की रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, उत्तर प्रदेश में भारत का दूसरा सबसे बड़ा कुल वन क्षेत्र है।

कुल वन क्षेत्र या वन प्रतिशत के मामले में यूपी दूसरे स्थान पर नहीं है (जहाँ क्रमशः मध्य प्रदेश और मिजोरम शीर्ष पर हैं), बल्कि यह हरित आवरण (green cover) में *वृद्धि* (विस्तार) के मामले में दूसरे स्थान पर है।_

संबंधित अवधारणाएँ

Environment & Ecology

भारतीय वन सर्वेक्षण (FSI) वन आवरण (forest cover) और वृक्ष आवरण (tree cover) को कैसे वर्गीकृत करता है?

  • वन आवरण (Forest Cover)of the same structure and design as its predecessor, but of larger size and with a separate entrance for each flat, was erected on the site of the old building. The building contains twenty-four flats, each of three rooms, scullery and w.c., and the rent of each flat is 8s. 6d. a week. The tenants are mostly of the artisan class. Under the provisions of the Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1890, the Council in 1891 completed the acquisition of a clearance area of 15 acres, known as the Boundary Street area, Bethnal Green and Shoreditch, and has erected on the site seventy-three blocks of dwellings, mostly five storeys high, and one lodging-house, which accommodates altogether about 5,500 persons. This scheme is the largest and most complete ever carried out by a municipal authority. The site, which was formerly covered by a dense mass of narrow streets and courts, has been cleared and laid out with wide streets and a central garden, and a portion of it is occupied by three blocks of dwellings, containing 150 flats of from one to three rooms, erected by the Council. The Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1903, which contains provisions as to the acquisition of land by local authorities for the purpose of the housing of the working classes, and as to the provision of dwellings for persons of the working class displaced by the acquisition of land under statutory powers, has been applied by the Council in connection with several schemes, including the Holborn to Strand improvement, the Rotherhithe Tunnel, and the Westminster improvement. Under these schemes, and also under the provisions of the Housing, Town Planning, &c., Act, 1909, the Council has acquired and cleared various areas of land in different parts of London, and has erected thereon dwellings for the accommodation of persons displaced by the carrying out of the schemes. Amongst the other duties of the Council under the Housing of the Working Classes Acts, may be mentioned the supervision of common lodging-houses, and the licensing of such houses in the County of London (excluding the City of London); the administration of the provisions of the Acts relating to the closing and demolition of houses unfit for human habitation, and the obstructive buildings; and the promotion of schemes for the improvement of unhealthy areas. Under the Housing, Town Planning, &c., Act, 1909, the Council is also empowered to make representation to the Local Government Board with a view to the preparation or adoption of town planning schemes in respect of land within or in the neighbourhood of the County of London. PUBLIC HEALTH. The powers and duties of the Council in relation to the public health of London are of a very varied and important character. Under the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, the Council is the authority for the administration of the provisions of the Act relating to the prevention of nuisances, the sanitary condition of factories and workshops, the provision of public sanitary conveniences, the notification and prevention of infectious diseases, and the provision of hospitals and mortuaries. Under the same Act, and also under the provisions of the Metropolis Management Acts, the Council has power to make by-laws with respect to various matters affecting the public health, including the construction and cleansing of drains and sewers, the removal of refuse, the prevention of nuisances from offensive trades, and the regulation of dairies, cowsheds, and milkshops. The Council is also the authority under the Midwives Act, 1902, for the purpose of securing the due training and supervision of midwives, and the investigation of charges of malpractice, negligence, or misconduct on their part. Under the provisions of the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts, 1875 to 1907, the Council is the authority for the County of London (excluding the City of London) for the appointment of public analysts, and for the enforcement of the provisions of the Acts relating to the sale of food and drugs. Under the provisions of the Cleansing of Persons Act, 1897, the Council is empowered to provide buildings, appliances, and things for the purpose of enabling persons infested with vermin to be cleansed. Under the provisions of the Housing, Town Planning, &c., Act, 1909, the Council is empowered to make representation to the Local Government Board with a view to the preparation or adoption of town planning schemes in respect of land within or in the neighbourhood of the County of London. Main Drainage. The main drainage of London is one of the most important branches of the Council’s work. The system, which was designed by the late Sir Joseph Bazalgette, and completed in 1875, consists of a network of main and intercepting sewers on both sides of the Thames, which convey the sewage of London to two outfalls, one at Barking Creek on the north side, and the other at Crossness on the south side of the river. At these outfalls the sewage is treated by precipitation, the liquid portion being discharged into the river, and the sludge being carried out to sea in specially constructed steamers. The total length of the main and intercepting sewers is about 290 miles, and the area drained is about 140 square miles, with a population of over 5,000,000. The quantity of sewage treated at the outfalls averages about 280,000,000 gallons a day, and the quantity of sludge sent to sea averages about 2,500,000 tons a year. In consequence of the growth of London, and the increase in the volume of sewage, the Council in 1899 decided to carry out a scheme of extension of the main drainage system, at an estimated cost of £3,700,000. This scheme, which is now nearing completion, includes the construction of new outfall and intercepting sewers on both sides of the river, and the provision of additional pumping station accommodation. PARKS AND OPEN SPACES. The parks and open spaces of London under the control of the Council are of great value to the inhabitants of the metropolis. Under the provisions of the Metropolis Management Acts, the Open Spaces Acts, 1877 to 1906, and various local Acts, the Council has acquired and laid out a large number of parks, gardens, and open spaces, and has also contributed towards the cost of the acquisition of similar spaces by local authorities. The total area of the parks and open spaces under the control of the Council is about 5,100 acres, and the number of places is 114. These include such large and well-known spaces as Battersea Park, Victoria Park, Hampstead Heath, Blackheath, and Finsbury Park, as well as many smaller gardens and playgrounds in the more densely populated parts of London. The Council has also made provision for various forms of recreation in the parks and open spaces, including the laying out of cricket and football pitches, tennis courts, and bowling greens, and the provision of band performances during the summer months. FIRE BRIGADE. The Metropolitan Fire Brigade is maintained by the Council under the provisions of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade Act, 1865. The brigade consists of a chief officer, divisional officers, assistant divisional officers, and about 1,400 firemen and coachmen. The equipment includes about 80 land fire stations, 3 river stations, 85 petrol motor fire engines, 60 petrol motor escape vans, 10 manual engines, 9 steam fire floats, and about 300 fire escapes. The total cost of the maintenance of the brigade is about £300,000 a year, towards which the Government contributes £10,000, and the fire insurance companies contribute a sum equal to £35 for every £1,000,000 of the gross amount of insurances effected by them in the County of London. EDUCATION. Under the provisions of the Education (London) Act, 1903, the Council is the local education authority for the County of London. The Council’s duties in relation to education are of a very extensive and important character, and include the provision and maintenance of public elementary schools, the training of teachers, the provision of secondary schools, technical institutes, and schools of art, and the coordination of all forms of education. The number of public elementary schools in London is about 1,000, with an accommodation for about 750,000 children, and an average attendance of about 650,000. The Council also maintains a large number of special schools for blind, deaf, mentally defective, physically defective, and epileptic children. The Council’s work in connection with higher education includes the maintenance of 20 secondary schools, the provision of grants to other secondary schools, the maintenance of 17 technical institutes and schools of art, and the provision of grants to the University of London and other institutions of higher education. The total expenditure of the Council on education is about £6,000,000 a year. TRAMWAYS. The Council is the owner and operator of the tramway system in the County of London (excluding the City of London). The system, which has been almost entirely reconstructed for electric traction, consists of about 150 miles of lines, of which about 120 miles are worked on the underground conduit system, and about 30 miles on the overhead trolley system. The total capital expenditure on the tramways has been about £12,000,000, and the annual revenue is about £2,250,000. The number of passengers carried annually is about 700,000,000. MISCELLANEOUS POWERS AND DUTIES. The Council has various other powers and duties, amongst which may be mentioned the following:— The supervision of the construction of buildings under the London Building Acts; the licensing of theatres and music halls; the regulation of the employment of children; the administration of the Weights and Measures Acts; the licensing of motor cars and drivers; the administration of the Midwives Act; the prevention of the pollution of the Thames and its tributaries; and the administration of the provisions of the Port of London Act, 1908, in relation to the Port of London Authority. THE COUNTY RATE. The expenditure of the Council is met partly by means of the county rate, which is levied upon the parishes in the County of London, and partly by means of government grants and other revenues. The total amount of the county rate levied annually is about £7,000,000. The rateable value of the County of London is about £45,000,000. THE CITY OF LONDON. The City of London, which occupies an area of about one square mile in the centre of London, is a separate and distinct county for non-administrative purposes, and has its own ancient corporation, known as the Corporation of the City of London. The Corporation consists of the Lord Mayor, the Aldermen, and the Common Council. The Corporation has various powers and duties within the City, including the maintenance of the City police force, the administration of justice, the control of the bridges over the Thames within the City, the maintenance of various markets (including the Central Meat Market at Smithfield, and Billingsgate Fish Market), and the management of various open spaces outside the City (including Epping Forest, Burnham Beeches, and Highgate Wood). The Corporation has also its own system of finance, and its expenditure is met partly by means of the City’s cash, which is derived from ancient estates and properties, and partly by means of rates levied upon the parishes in the City. The rateable value of the City of London is about £5,700,000. THE METROPOLITAN BOROUGH COUNCILS. The Metropolitan Borough Councils, twenty-eight in number, were established under the provisions of the London Government Act, 1899, and are the local authorities for the administration of various matters within their respective boroughs. The powers and duties of the Borough Councils include the maintenance and cleansing of the streets; the collection and removal of house refuse; the administration of the Public Health Acts (excluding the powers vested in the London County Council); the provision of public libraries, baths, and washhouses; the administration of the adoptive Acts (including the Baths and Washhouses Acts, the Public Libraries Acts, and the Burial Acts); and the collection of the general rate, which includes the county rate, the police rate, and the borough rate. The total expenditure of the Borough Councils is about £5,000,000 a year, and their rateable value is about £39,300,000. THE METROPOLITAN POLICE. The Metropolitan Police Force is maintained under the provisions of the Metropolitan Police Acts, and is under the control of the Secretary of State for the Home Department. The force consists of a Commissioner, three Assistant Commissioners, and about 20,000 officers and men. The area of the Metropolitan Police District is about 700 square miles, and includes the whole of the County of London (excluding the City of London), and parts of the counties of Middlesex, Surrey, Kent, Essex, and Hertford. The cost of the maintenance of the force is about £2,800,000 a year, and is met partly by means of a government grant, and partly by means of a police rate levied upon the parishes in the Metropolitan Police District. THE METROPOLITAN WATER BOARD. The Metropolitan Water Board was established under the provisions of the Metropolis Water Act, 1902, for the purpose of acquiring and carrying on the undertakings of the eight metropolitan water companies, and of supplying water to London and the surrounding districts. The Board consists of sixty-six members, appointed by various local authorities, including the London County Council, the Metropolitan Borough Councils, the Corporation of the City of London, and the county councils of the surrounding counties. The area of supply of the Board is about 540 square miles, and includes the whole of the County of London, and parts of the counties of Middlesex, Surrey, Kent, Essex, and Hertford. The average daily supply of water is about 230,000,000 gallons, and the population supplied is about 7,000,000. The capital debt of the Board is about £49,000,000, and the annual expenditure is about £3,000,000. PORT OF LONDON AUTHORITY. The Port of London Authority was established under the provisions of the Port of London Act, 1908, for the purpose of administering, preserving, and improving the Port of London. The Authority consists of twenty-eight members, of whom eighteen are elected by payers of dues, wharfingers, and owners of river craft, and ten are appointed by various government departments and local authorities (including the London County Council and the Corporation of the City of London). The limits of the Port of London extend from Teddington to a line drawn from Havengore Creek in Essex to Warden Point in Kent, a distance of about 70 miles. The Authority has acquired and carries on the undertakings of the various dock companies, and has also powers and duties in relation to the regulation of navigation, the dredging of the river, and the licensing of lightermen and watermen. The capital debt of the Authority is about £23,000,000, and the annual expenditure is about £3,000,000.: स्वामित्व, कानूनी स्थिति या भूमि उपयोग की परवाह किए बिना, 1 हेक्टेयर से अधिक की ऐसी भूमि जहां कैनोपी घनत्व (canopy density) 10% से अधिक हो।
  • वृक्षावरण (Tree Cover): अभिलेखित वनों (recorded forests) से बाहर स्थित वृक्षों के ऐसे क्षेत्र (TOF) जिनका आकार 1 हेक्टेयर से कम है, और जिनका आकलन नमूनाकरण (sampling) के माध्यम से किया जाता है।_
  • कैनोपी क्लासेस (Canopy Classes): अति सघन (>70% कैनोपी), मध्यम सघन (40-70%), और खुले वन (10-40%) में विभाजित।
Environment & Agriculture

भारत के कृषि-वानिकी (एग्रोफॉरेस्ट्री) शासन के मुख्य स्तंभ क्या हैं?

  • राष्ट्रीय नीति: खेती के साथ वानिकी को एकीकृत करने के लिए 2014 में एक व्यापक राष्ट्रीय कृषि-वानिकी नीति (National Agroforestry Policy) को अपनाने वाला भारत पहला देश था।
  • हर मेढ़ पर पेड़: हरित आवरण को बढ़ाने और वैकल्पिक आय सुरक्षित करने के लिए किसानों को कृषि सीमाओं (मेड़ों) पर पेड़ लगाने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करने वाला एक समर्पित उप-मिशन।of Use are located in our updated terms of use (the "Terms of Use"). Please read these Terms of Use carefully before using our Online Services. By using our Online Services, you accept these Terms of Use and the Privacy Policy. If you do not agree to these Terms of Use and the Privacy Policy, you may not use our Online Services. Last Updated: March 22, 2021. 1. <b>General.</b> Our Online Services are owned and operated by Direct Energy Marketing Limited and its affiliates ("<b>Direct Energy</b>" or "<b>we</b>"). 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  • कार्बन एकीकरण (Carbon Integration): किसानों को स्वैच्छिक/अनुपालन बाजारों के माध्यम से कार्बन ऑफसेट उत्पन्न करने में सक्षम बनाता है, जिससे निजी कृषि भूमि पर पेड़ों के रख-रखाव को प्रोत्साहन मिलता है।

अंतर-विषय पैटर्न

  • कृषि-वानिकी (Agroforestry) + कार्बन क्रेडिट मुद्रीकरण (Carbon Credit monetization)

    पारंपरिक कृषि से कार्बन-क्रेडिट प्राप्त करने वाली कृषि-वानिकी (agroforestry) की ओर किसानों का संक्रमण, जलवायु वित्त (climate finance) और ग्रामीण आय विविधीकरण के लिए एक सतत, विकेंद्रीकृत मॉडल का निर्माण करता है।

  • सांस्कृतिक पारिस्थितिकी + राज्य वनीकरण

    'त्रिवेणी' (पीपल, बरगद, नीम) जैसे सांस्कृतिक रूप से पूजनीय त्रय को रोपने से सामुदायिक संरक्षण और उत्तरजीविता की उच्च दर सुनिश्चित करने के लिए पारंपरिक संरक्षण मूल्यों का लाभ मिलता है।

2026 में FSI वन वर्गीकरण, किसानों के लिए कार्बन-क्रेडिट प्रोत्साहन और राष्ट्रीय कृषि-वानिकी नीतियों को एकीकृत किए जाने की संभावना है।

संबद्ध PYQ · 4

संबद्ध PYQ · 4

  • 2004UPPSC_PRELIMSGS1

    Presently total forest cover in Uttar Pradesh is only.

  • 2017UPPSC_PRELIMSGS1

    Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists: List-I (City): (A) Forest (B) Indian (C) Central Arid (D) Indian List-II (Institute): 1. Jodhpur Research Institute 2. New Delhi Grassland and Fodder Research Institute 3. Dehradun Zone Research Institute 4. Jhansi Agricultural Research Institute

  • 2021UPPSC_PRELIMSGS1

    Which of the following is NOT correctly matched?

  • 2019UPPSC_PRELIMSGS1

    The First Union Territory of India to run 100 percent on solar energy is