Godavari and Sabari River Floods Trigger Relief Measures
Source:The Hindu ↗
ఇది ఎందుకు ముఖ్యం
The recurrent flooding in the Godavari basin highlights the geographical and infrastructural vulnerabilities associated with major river systems and large-scale projects like the Polavaram Dam. It emphasizes the critical role of coordinated disaster management frameworks involving SDRF and NDRF to execute prompt relief and mitigation efforts.
సారాంశం
Following severe flooding in the Godavari and Sabari rivers near the Andhra Pradesh-Chhattisgarh-Telangana tri-State junction, authorities have set up 150 relief camps to assist 189 villages in the Polavaram district. Many of these villages are situated in the submergence zone of the Polavaram irrigation project. NDRF and SDRF teams have been deployed at critical confluences like Chintoor to manage the crisis. Meanwhile, massive floodwater discharges are being managed at the Sir Arthur Cotton barrage at Dowleswaram to mitigate downstream impact.
ముఖ్య అంశాలు
- 150 relief camps have been established for residents of 189 villages in the Polavaram district due to flooding in the Godavari and Sabari rivers at the AP-Chhattisgarh-Telangana tri-State junction.
- Most of the affected villages fall within the submergence area of the Polavaram irrigation project.
- NDRF and SDRF personnel have been deployed to vulnerable regions like Chintoor and K.R. Puram, where the Sabari joins the Godavari.
- The Sir Arthur Cotton barrage at Dowleswaram is discharging massive volumes of floodwater into the sea and the Godavari delta.
ముఖ్యమైన పదాలు
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
A specialized, multi-skilled rescue force in India established under the Disaster Management Act, 2005, to provide swift responses to natural and man-made disasters.
UPSC context
GS Paper III (Disaster Management). Tests institutional frameworks for emergency response, disaster mitigation, and administrative coordination.
State Disaster Response Force (SDRF)
A state-level specialized disaster response unit modeled on the NDRF, trained to manage emergencies and carry out immediate relief and rescue operations within states.
UPSC context
GS Paper III (Disaster Management). Tests federal disaster response mechanisms, state-level institutional preparedness, and local rescue management.
Polavaram Irrigation Project
A multi-purpose national irrigation project under construction on the Godavari River in Andhra Pradesh, designed for water diversion, power generation, and drinking water supply.
UPSC context
GS Paper III (Infrastructure & Irrigation). Tests major multipurpose projects, environmental impacts, and federal water disputes.
Godavari River
The second-longest river in India, originating in Maharashtra and flowing eastward into the Bay of Bengal, supporting vast agricultural basins.
UPSC context
GS Paper I (Geography). Tests Indian river systems, drainage patterns, major tributaries, and basin geography.
Sabari River
A major left-bank tributary of the Godavari River, originating in the Eastern Ghats in Odisha, flowing through Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh.
UPSC context
GS Paper I (Geography). Tests peninsular river tributaries, geographical locations of confluences, and inter-state river pathways.
Sir Arthur Cotton Barrage
A major irrigation structure on the lower stretch of the Godavari River in Andhra Pradesh, built initially by British engineer Arthur Cotton to prevent famines.
UPSC context
GS Paper I (Modern History/Geography). Tests colonial-era irrigation engineering, historical famine relief measures, and peninsular water infrastructure.
ప్రిలిమ్స్ ఉచ్చు
Polavaram, being a National Project, is funded under the standard 90:10 Central-to-State cost-sharing ratio.
As a National Project, Polavaram receives 100% central funding for its remaining irrigation component under the AP Reorganisation Act 2014, bypassing the standard 90:10 ratio.
అనుసంధానమైన స్థిర భావనలు
What is the status and funding of a 'National Project' in India?
- Eligibility Criteria: Projects with >2 lakh ha irrigation potential, or trans-boundary/inter-state projects of strategic significance, can be declared 'National Projects' by the Union Cabinet.
- Standard Funding: Typically, the Union provides 90% central grant for the irrigation component of these projects, easing the fiscal burden on state governments.
- Special Exception: Under the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014, the Union Government is mandated to provide 100% funding for the Polavaram Irrigation Project.
What are the salient features of the Godavari River System?
- Origin & Basin: It is the second-largest river basin in India (after the Ganga), originating at Trimbakeshwar in Nashik, Maharashtra, and draining into the Bay of Bengal.
- Major Tributaries: Key left-bank tributaries include the Pranhita, Indravati, and Sabari. Important right-bank tributaries include the Pravara, Manjra, and Manair.
- Sabari Tributary: The Sabari River originates in the Sinkaram hill ranges of Odisha (as the Kolab) and meets the Godavari at Kunavaram, Andhra Pradesh.
అంతర-అంశ నమూనాలు
River Basins and Cooperative Federalism
The Polavaram project's submergence zone spans AP, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh, illustrating how downstream infrastructure assets demand robust inter-state cooperative frameworks and river basin councils.
Submergence, Resettlement and Tribal Rights
Massive submergence in the AP-Chhattisgarh-Telangana tri-junction affects tribal tracts (Schedule V areas), intersecting development-induced displacement with eco-sensitive displacement vulnerabilities.
Multi-statement questions on Godavari tributaries (Sabari/Indravati) paired with Polavaram's 100% Union funding mandate are highly probable.
అనుసంధాన PYQలు · 5
అనుసంధాన PYQలు · 5
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